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They brought likewise a man called
Callicho, and a woman called Ignorth : they were savage people and fed only upon raw flesh. The 9th October he rowed in a little boat made of skin in the water at the Backe, where he killed 2 ducks with a dart, and when he had done carried his boat through the
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Best, George, d. 1584, and
Richard Collinson. The Three Voyages of Martin Frobisher, In Search of a Passage to Cathaia And India by the North-west, A.D. 1576-8: Reprinted From the First Ed. of Hakluyt's Voyages, With Selections From Manuscript Documents In the British Museum And State Paper Office.
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In
Bristol, Kalicho was put up in private lodgings and dined on at least one occasion at the Mayor's house. Kalicho's kayaking and duck-hunting displays in the harbour attracted large audiences, which were remembered and described in local chronicles decades later. William Adams' Chronicle, written
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Kalicho and Arnaq were initially taken by
Frobisher as a hostages in the hope of securing the return of five Englishmen who had disappeared on an expedition to the Bay the previous summer, which Frobisher had also led. Once it became clear that a prisoner exchange would not be possible, Frobisher
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In Best’s account of the capture there is a possible reference to the origin of this injury: “… Nicholas Conyer, a good footeman… overtooke one of them, and being a
Cornishman, and a good wrastler, shewed his companion such a Cornishe tricke, that he made his sides ake against the grounde for a
390:
Ann
Savours and Sir James Watt, 'The Captured "Countrey People": Their Depictions and Medical History' in Thomas H.B. Symons (ed.), Meta Incognita: A Discourse of Discovery: Martin Frobisher's Arctic Expeditions, 1576-1578, Vol. 2 (Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1999), pp.
458:"Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]"
443:
Nicole
Blackwood, 'Meta Incognita: Some hypotheses on Cornelis Ketel’s lost English and Inuit portraits', Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art / Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek Online, 66(1), 28-53. doi:
216:, suggested that the death was a result of complications resulting from fractured ribs. This injury had most likely been sustained during Kalicho's capture in July. Following his death, Kalicho was buried in
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W. Sturtevant & D.B. Quinn, ‘This new prey. Eskimos in Europe in 1567, 1576, and 1577’, in: C. Feest (ed.), Indians and Europe. An interdisciplinary collection of essays (Aachen 1987) 61-140
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The depictions of
Kalicho, Arnaq and Nutaaq formed the basis for numerous prints that circulated throughout Europe, providing a major reference point for the European understanding of
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marsh upon his back: the like he did at the Weir and other places where many beheld him. He would hit a duck a good distance off and not miss. They died here within a month.
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Kalicho was the best documented indigenous person to visit
England before the 17th century. At least one of the portraits of him, along with one of Arnaq, was presented to
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https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=753476&partId=1&people=103070&peoA=103070-2-9&page=1
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in the mid-16th century. He was part of a community of hunters and fishers in the area up to the time of his capture on 19 July 1577 by the
English explorer, Sir
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434:
W. Sturtevant, ‘First visual images of Native America’, in: F. Chiapelli(ed.), First images of America (Berkeley 1976) vol. 1, 417-454.
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until at least the late 17th century. While none of Ketel's paintings survive today, drawings made in Bristol by the English artist,
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of London, with other artists also taking their likenesses. They were also subject to well-documented medical examinations.
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at the end of September 1577. Numerous portraits were made of them. Kalicho was painted five times by the Flemish artist
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Neil Cheshire, Tony Waldron, Alison Quinn and David Quinn, Frobisher’s Eskimos in England, Archivaria, 10 (1980), 34
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in his 1578 account of Frobisher's three expeditions. Frobisher was leading an expedition organised by the English
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The three voyages of Martin Frobisher, in search of a passage to Cathaia and India by the North-west, A.D. 1576-8
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around America to the Pacific. The ultimate aim of the company was to establish direct trade between England and
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and teach them to speak English. Kalicho could then be employed as a guide and interpreter on future voyages.
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Kalicho, Arnaq and Nutaaq attracted considerable interest when they were brought back to the English port of
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By Rear-Admiral Richard Collinson. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1867, pp.130-52;
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Englishmen and Inuit: The Nunavit Voyages of Martin Frobisher (Canadian Museum of History);
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Kalicho died in Bristol on 8 November 1577. A postmortem carried out by the physician,
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and Nutaaq. The three were among the first Inuit and the first indigenous people from
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https://americainclass.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Inuit-Autopsy-Report.pdf
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on 8 November, described in the parish burial register as a 'heathen man'.
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decided to bring the Inuit back to England. He intended to present them to
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https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/frobisher/frint01e.html
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to be brought to England and among the best documented of the
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Dodding, Edward. "1577 The Death of an Inuit Man in England".
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Canada). He was brought back to England as a captive by Sir
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Neil Cheshire, Tony Waldron, Alison Quinn and David Quinn,
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Neil Cheshire, Tony Waldron, Alison Quinn and David Quinn,
349:. Printed for the Hakluyt Society, London, 1867, p.131).
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261:Theatre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre
116:and her infant, who were named by the English as
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287:https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.32106000712221
112:in 1577. He was taken along with an unrelated
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203:around the 1640s, says of the expedition:
136:Kalicho was most likely born in or around
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446:https://doi.org/10.1163/22145966-90000780
422:'Kalicho, an Inuk from Frobisher bay';
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75:Complications stemming from broken ribs
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187:, acting as an official artist of the
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493:Inuit from the Northwest Territories
160:, which had been set up to locate a
60:8 November 1577 (aged approx. 25-26)
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411:Frobisher’s Eskimos in England
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83:Travelling to Britain
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36:John White
168:(China).
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104:(now in
100:area of
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198:Kalicho
181:Bristol
106:Nunavut
90:Kalicho
64:Bristol
22:Kalicho
224:Legacy
166:Cathay
158:London
46:c.1550
245:Inuit
118:Arnaq
378:help
132:Life
94:Inuk
57:Died
43:Born
156:of
140:on
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