184:
Kaliman was only seven when he succeeded his father. Although no primary sources provide information about the government of the country during the minor monarch's reign, Bulgaria was obviously ruled by one or more regents. Historian
Alexandru Madgearu proposes that Ivan Asen's brother, Alexander,
228:
also knew that "after much fighting" Kadan captured two towns in "Ulaqut" , which most likely means
Wallachia , which was used interchangeably with Bulgaria at the time because of the dual identity of the state. Archaeological evidence shows that at least a dozen Bulgarian fortresses (including
267:
recorded that contradictory rumors spread about
Kaliman's death. Some said that "he had succumbed to a natural illness"; others claimed that "he was killed by a draught secretly prepared to cause his death by those who were of contrary opinion to him". Patriarch
272:
also died in
September 1246. Madgearu says this coincidence implies that both were murdered by those who opposed the church union. According to a 14th-century charter, Kaliman Asan was the ruler of "Moldo-Wallachia" (or
731:
241:) were destroyed during the Mongol invasion. Although the country was not occupied, the Bulgarians were to pay a tribute to the Mongols thereafter.
528:(Latin text by Olga Perić, edited, translated and annotated by Damir Karbić, Mirjana Matijević Sokol and James Ross Sweeney) (2006). CEU Press.
1204:
1209:
1199:
636:
595:
552:
1219:
156:
invaded
Bulgaria and imposed a yearly tax on the country. He may have been poisoned, according to contemporaneous rumors about his death.
263:
and to send delegates to Lyon. Kaliman was only twelve when he died in August or
September 1246. The contemporary Byzantine historian
185:
was most probably the sole regent for
Kaliman; other scholars say a regency council was established under the leadership of Patriarch
617:
566:
533:
1214:
724:
897:
1044:
1054:
1069:
980:
717:
701:
57:
1094:
1079:
1064:
877:
872:
740:
29:
1229:
1084:
1019:
911:
605:
252:
251:
to establish a coalition against the
Mongols in 1245. He also sent a letter to Kaliman, urging him to bring the
1168:
1139:
1074:
1059:
684:
165:
145:
99:
47:
582:Андреев (Andreev), Йордан (Jordan); Лазаров (Lazarov), Иван (Ivan); Павлов (Pavlov), Пламен (Plamen) (2012).
1158:
1153:
1128:
1089:
950:
936:
201:
991:
985:
748:
225:
173:
1224:
1163:
1049:
269:
248:
217:
205:
186:
169:
149:
109:
610:
The Late
Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
561:(Translated from the Persian of Rashīd Al-Dīn by John Andrew Boyle) (1971). Columbia University Press.
1194:
1189:
1024:
945:
857:
847:
842:
1144:
1034:
1029:
955:
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852:
837:
832:
827:
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691:
1014:
867:
812:
782:
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264:
129:
1039:
960:
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802:
797:
787:
777:
767:
632:
613:
591:
562:
548:
529:
1121:
888:
792:
244:
224:"resolved to hold a muster of their military forces" in Bulgaria. More than 60 years later,
194:
1003:
975:
629:
The
Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1185–1280
1105:
997:
285:
256:
234:
230:
152:. He was only seven when he succeeded his father in 1241. In the following years, the
1183:
544:
153:
172:. He was born in 1234. His mother died before 1237, when his widowed father married
965:
904:
655:
190:
89:
213:
386:
1009:
289:
772:
221:
220:) broke into Bulgaria in March 1242. Thomas also mentioned that Kadan and
274:
260:
141:
1114:
807:
238:
84:
526:
Archdeacon Thomas of Split: History of the Bishops of Salona and Split
399:
Archdeacon Thomas of Split: History of the Bishops of Salona and Split
709:
197:
signed a truce for two years shortly after Kaliman Asen's ascension.
209:
817:
137:
713:
387:Андреев (Andreev), Лазаров (Lazarov) & Павлов (Pavlov) 2012
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
370:
368:
366:
364:
362:
310:
308:
306:
304:
349:
347:
543:(Translated with and Introduction and Commentary by
1138:
1103:
935:
886:
747:
292:is named after Emperor Kaliman Asen I of Bulgaria.
105:
95:
83:
75:
67:
63:
53:
43:
35:
28:
21:
590:] (in Bulgarian). Изток Запад (Iztok Zapad).
176:. Ivan Asen also died in the first half of 1241.
725:
8:
136:; 1234-August/September 1246) was Emperor (
732:
718:
710:
646:
18:
504:
479:
467:
446:
422:
410:
374:
338:
314:
300:
144:from 1241 to 1246. He was the son of
16:Emperor of Bulgaria from 1241 to 1246
7:
612:. The University of Michigan Press.
434:
353:
326:
547:) (2007). Oxford University Press.
584:Кой кой е в средновековна България
79:August/September 1246 (Aged 11-12)
14:
588:Who is Who in Medieval Bulgaria
200:Two contemporaneous clergymen,
559:The Successors of Genghis Khan
1:
1205:Monarchs who died as children
1210:Monarchs deposed as children
1200:13th-century Bulgarian tsars
627:Madgearu, Alexandru (2016).
1220:Murdered Bulgarian monarchs
1246:
698:
689:
681:
676:
649:
253:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
218:Great Khan of the Mongols
133:
166:Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
146:Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
100:Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
1215:Medieval child monarchs
202:Roger of Torre Maggiore
164:Kaliman was the son of
651:Kaliman I of Bulgaria
226:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
174:Irene Komnene Doukaina
1142:(1878–1908) and
206:Thomas the Archdeacon
170:Anna Maria of Hungary
150:Anna Maria of Hungary
110:Anna Maria of Hungary
539:George Akropolites:
491:George Akropolites:
1104:Rebels against the
887:Rebels against the
692:Emperor of Bulgaria
671:August/October 1246
413:, pp. 10, 229.
30:Emperor of Bulgaria
1045:Theodore Svetoslav
741:Bulgarian monarchs
495:(ch. 43.), p. 225.
401:(ch. 39.), p. 303.
265:George Akropolites
1177:
1176:
1147:(1908–1946)
998:Constantine I Tih
939:(1185–1422)
926:Constantine Bodin
708:
707:
699:Succeeded by
638:978-9-004-32501-2
597:978-619-152-012-1
575:Secondary sources
553:978-0-19-921067-1
115:
114:
1237:
1230:Sons of emperors
1122:Ivan Shishman II
1055:Michael Asen III
1050:George Terter II
751:(680–1018)
734:
727:
720:
711:
682:Preceded by
672:
665:
647:
642:
623:
606:Fine, John V. A.
601:
508:
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245:Pope Innocent IV
208:, recorded that
195:Empire of Nicaea
189:. Bulgaria, the
135:
120:, also known as
19:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1143:
1134:
1099:
1070:Michael Asen IV
1025:George Terter I
1010:Michael Asen II
1004:Jacob Svetoslav
981:Kaliman Asen II
931:
882:
743:
738:
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687:
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659:
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519:Primary sources
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1095:Constantine II
1092:
1087:
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1080:Ivan Sratsimir
1077:
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1065:Ivan Alexander
1062:
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1027:
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1017:
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1007:
1000:
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983:
978:
976:Michael Asen I
973:
971:Kaliman Asen I
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963:
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933:
932:
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893:
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884:
883:
881:
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878:Ivan Vladislav
875:
873:Gavril Radomir
870:
865:
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729:
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702:Michael Asen I
700:
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677:Regnal titles
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522:
520:
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512:
510:
509:
507:, p. 208.
497:
484:
482:, p. 235.
472:
470:, p. 236.
451:
449:, p. 233.
439:
437:, p. 155.
427:
425:, p. 231.
415:
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391:
389:, p. 318.
379:
377:, p. 228.
358:
356:, p. 154.
343:
341:, p. 221.
331:
329:, p. 133.
319:
317:, p. 225.
299:
297:
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286:Kaliman Island
282:
279:
257:full communion
181:
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161:
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134:Калиман Асен I
122:Coloman Asen I
118:Kaliman Asen I
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33:
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26:
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24:Калиман І Асен
22:Kaliman Asen I
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13:
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9:
6:
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3:
2:
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1085:Ivan Shishman
1083:
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1021:
1020:Ivan Asen III
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937:Second Empire
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621:
619:0-472-08260-4
615:
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580:
579:
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568:
567:0-231-03351-6
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546:
545:Ruth Macrides
542:
538:
535:
534:963-7326-59-6
531:
527:
524:
523:
518:
513:
506:
505:Madgearu 2016
501:
498:
494:
488:
485:
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480:Madgearu 2016
476:
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469:
468:Madgearu 2016
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462:
460:
458:
456:
452:
448:
447:Madgearu 2016
443:
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436:
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423:Madgearu 2016
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411:Madgearu 2016
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375:Madgearu 2016
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339:Madgearu 2016
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315:Madgearu 2016
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249:synod at Lyon
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59:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
31:
27:
20:
1225:Asen dynasty
1140:Principality
1129:Rostislav II
1127:
1120:
1113:
1075:Ivan Asen IV
1060:Ivan Stephen
1002:
990:
970:
966:Ivan Asen II
924:
917:
910:
905:Petar Delyan
903:
896:
749:First Empire
690:
685:Ivan Asen II
668:
661:
656:Asen dynasty
654:
628:
609:
587:
583:
558:
540:
525:
500:
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442:
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394:
382:
334:
322:
284:
243:
199:
191:Latin Empire
183:
163:
125:
121:
117:
116:
90:Asen dynasty
58:Michael Asen
48:Ivan Asen II
1195:1246 deaths
1190:1234 births
1159:Ferdinand I
1154:Alexander I
1090:Ivan Asen V
992:Rostislav I
951:Ivan Asen I
541:The History
493:The History
247:convoked a
44:Predecessor
1184:Categories
986:Mitso Asen
898:Presian II
889:Byzantines
696:1241–1246
296:References
290:Antarctica
212:(a son of
160:Early life
1169:Simeon II
1164:Boris III
833:Presian I
773:Kormisosh
631:. BRILL.
435:Fine 1994
354:Fine 1994
327:Fine 1994
270:Vissarion
259:with the
222:Batu Khan
187:Joachim I
130:Bulgarian
54:Successor
39:1241–1246
1106:Ottomans
946:Peter II
858:Boris II
848:Simeon I
843:Vladimir
608:(1994).
275:Moldavia
261:Holy See
193:and the
142:Bulgaria
1145:Kingdom
1115:Fruzhin
1035:Ivan II
1030:Smilets
956:Kaloyan
919:Alusian
912:Tihomir
853:Peter I
838:Boris I
828:Malamir
823:Omurtag
808:Telerig
758:Asparuh
514:Sources
281:Honours
255:into a
239:Isaccea
235:Preslav
231:Tarnovo
154:Mongols
126:Koloman
1015:Ivaylo
868:Samuel
813:Kardam
783:Telets
763:Tervel
667:
635:
616:
594:
565:
551:
532:
214:Ögödei
106:Mother
96:Father
1040:Chaka
961:Boril
863:Roman
803:Pagan
798:Toktu
788:Sabin
778:Vineh
768:Sevar
669:Died:
662:Born:
586:[
210:Kadan
180:Reign
140:) of
85:House
36:Reign
818:Krum
793:Umor
664:1234
633:ISBN
614:ISBN
592:ISBN
563:ISBN
549:ISBN
530:ISBN
277:).
237:and
204:and
168:and
148:and
138:Tsar
76:Died
71:1234
68:Born
288:in
124:or
1186::
454:^
361:^
346:^
303:^
233:,
216:,
132::
733:e
726:t
719:v
641:.
622:.
600:.
569:.
555:.
536:.
128:(
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