779:; and would have displaced about 100,000 indigenous people. Because the great value placed on deceased ancestors who were buried within these communities, the issue was not just one of livelihood, but also one of sacred grounds. Marcos sent three armed brigades to quell down the protests, resulting in heightened tensions in the area. In 1977 alone, numerous Kalinga dam protesters — including tribal leaders Lumbaya Aliga Gayudan and Macli-ing Dulag, and even a 12-year-old child — were rounded up by these forces and incarcerated for up to two months.
903:
280:
292:
307:
179:
425:
77:
846:, who had left his calling and joined the NPA in 1979, had been having disagreements with the NPA leadership over tactics and objectives in the Cordillera for four years when he finally decided to split from the NPA in early April 1986,believing that Igorot interests were better served through regional struggles for liberation, rather than the national-scale conflict pursued by the NPA.
36:
464:
450:
751:, particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship. The Kalinga-Apayao became known as a flashpoint of conflict between the Marcos dictatorship and the various indigenous peoples who lived in the area, because of the
786:
became a turning point when coverage of the murder led to public outrage. It was the first time since the 1972 declaration of
Martial Law where the mainstream Philippine press managed to report on the arrests of civilians under Martial Law, and the turn of public opinion against both the Chico River
815:
in 1986, many of the activists who had joined the underground movement decided to "surface," as the new administration of
Corazon Aquino released political prisoners and initiated peace talks. However, anti-left sentiment in Aquino's new cabinet, which included figures who had sided with the
862:, although attempts to ratify actual autonomy in the region have failed due to non-ratification during plebiscites. Having later been divided into two new provinces, Kalinga and Apayao were separately declared insurgency-free in 2010: Apayao in February, Kalinga in November.
2246:
1186:). Meanwhile, the municipality of Quirino in Kalinga, which had established before, was abolished sometime between 1975 and 1980. Before the division in 1995, the province had 15 municipalities and 283 barangays.
2070:
2738:
1704:
832:
3145:
2238:
2731:
2071:
https://pssc.org.ph/wp-content/pssc-archives/Aghamtao/1980/05_The%20Chico%20River%20Basin%20Development%20Project_%20A%20Case%20Study%20in%20National%20Development%20Policy.pdf
3140:
736:
for a second term, Ferdinand Marcos launched an unprecedented number of public works projects. This caused the
Philippine economy took a sudden downwards turn known as the
3160:
2724:
2220:
Curaming, Rommel and
Claudio, Lisandro, A Historicised (Re)Assessment of EDSA 'People Power' (1986) (February 1, 2010). Asia Research Institute Working Paper No. 134.
1160:
By the time
Kalinga-Apayao was established, eight municipalities remained part of the subprovince of Kalinga, six municipalities in the Subprovince of Apayao as well.
3155:
2596:
747:
in
September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years. This period in Philippine history is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of
733:
748:
2139:
3150:
577:
made gradual changes to the borders of
Kalinga-Apayao over the course of his rule with the aim of making the outline of the province, on a map, resemble the
829:
2687:
2164:
Jamias, Juan F (1975) Readings in
Development Communication. College, Philippines : College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños.
737:
1406:
820:, made the peace process difficult, and negotiations eventually collapsed, and the insurgency in Kalinga-Apayao persisted. By December 1988, 52% of the
2378:
3165:
3062:
839:
1715:
1793:
870:
By virtue of
Republic Act. No 7878, signed on February 14, 1995, the sub-provinces in Kalinga-Apayao were converted into two new provinces,
1471:
878:, with their capitals remaining the same as before. Both comprise the same municipalities that were formerly part of these sub-provinces.
2175:
2041:
1975:
744:
732:
The beginning months of the 1970s marked a period of turmoil and change in the
Philippines, as well as in Kalinga-Apayao. During his
716:
was designated as the capital of Kalinga. In Apayao, its first sub-provincial capital was Tauit until mid-1915, when it was moved to
2543:
1882:
1803:
239:
221:
160:
63:
1999:
1682:
1752:
2755:
2269:
1587:
1516:
817:
702:
546:
525:
2436:
1686:
202:
189:
94:
49:
3086:
Became the only sub-province left comprising Mountain Province in 1966, and therefore assumed the name of the mother province.
2323:
2783:
2503:
2468:
2407:
2349:
1909:
1847:
1444:
141:
98:
3119:; this city was dissolved in 1954 into its two former constituent municipalities. Legazpi became a city on its own in 1959.
743:
With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under
113:
2473:
1592:
1560:
1521:
1449:
1153:
All municipal districts had been converted into regular municipalities prior to the establishment of the province in 1966.
635:
1163:
Within almost three decades, two new municipalities were later created. On the same day of the creation of the province,
2751:
1321:, annexed to Luna. At present, it also comprises parts of the municipalities of Flora, Pudtol, Sta. Marcela, as well as
859:
571:
517:
2853:
2627:
2538:
1952:
602:
Prior to the establishment of the province, the sub-provinces of Kalinga and Apayao, upon their establishment through
291:
279:
120:
2509:
2143:
795:
administration to give up on the dam project. As a result, the Chico River Dam Project is now considered a landmark
3170:
3093:
Became the only sub-province left comprising Agusan in 1914, and therefore assumed the name of the mother province.
788:
2759:
2674:
2463:
952:
127:
2644:
2636:
2592:
2556:
1631:
1407:"Republic Act No. 4695: An Act Creating the Provinces of Benguet, Mountain Province, Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao"
2660:
1623:
838:
Another event in 1986 marked the beginning of political change in the region, however - the splitting of the
755:, which, even if only the most essential part of it were built, would have encompassed the municipalities of
2065:
Joanna K. Cariño, "The Chico River Basin Development Project: A Case Study in National Development Policy,"
1636:
855:
812:
752:
586:
87:
1705:"The Manolay cult: The genesis and dissolution of millenarian sentiments among the Isneg of Northern Luzon"
109:
3031:
2716:
2585:
1178:
1145:
1439:
2868:
825:
2613:
1901:
The Philippines reader : a history of colonialism, neocolonialism, dictatorship, and resistance
1677:
2441:
2327:
1582:
1511:
567:
55:
2114:
2968:
2863:
2828:
2823:
2203:
871:
772:
615:
496:
457:
2570:
1414:
3026:
2938:
2926:
2902:
2858:
2843:
2838:
2813:
2793:
2773:
2525:
2195:
2037:
1981:
1971:
1915:
1905:
1878:
1853:
1843:
1799:
1550:
1479:
902:
776:
687:
619:
541:
430:
2499:
3101:
3041:
3021:
2848:
2803:
2788:
2513:
2187:
2029:
1556:
800:
792:
574:
556:
512:
134:
306:
2884:
2778:
2357:
2274:
783:
698:
560:
2140:"Where the Chico River Rumbles | Travel Inspirations | Yahoo! Singapore Travel"
2296:
1202:
Created as a municipal district in 1932 through an executive order, taken from Lubuagan.
3036:
2974:
2808:
1836:
1767:
1211:
Later created as a municipal district prior to becoming a regular municipality in 1963.
1062:
1045:
1008:
843:
768:
713:
670:
607:
319:
2239:"TIMELINE: The peace talks between the government and the CPP-NPA-NDF, 1986 – present"
1552:
Report of the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War, 1908 (First of two parts)
881:
Majority of voters in Kalinga-Apayao ratified the law in a plebiscite on May 8, 1995.
3134:
3116:
2833:
2308:
1899:
1099:
1948:
3112:
2412:
1171:
1082:
692:
641:
582:
1872:
1325:(separated from this municipal district and organized into a new one in 1927 via
787:
Dam and Martial law, coupled with the united anger of the various peoples of the
2950:
2818:
2748:
521:
263:
76:
1874:
Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism
828:
communist insurgent group while 43% are "under its influence" according to the
629:
In the early years, the sub-provinces underwent series of territorial changes:
2980:
796:
618:) and Cagayan provinces respectively. The sub-provinces were annexed into the
578:
17:
2702:
2689:
2199:
1483:
2890:
1985:
1919:
1857:
1753:"IMF Stabilization Program and Economic Growth: The Case of the Philippines"
1322:
1057:
1028:
756:
740:, which in turn led to a period of economic difficulty and social unrest.
652:
3111:
Legazpi City from 1948 to 1954 consisted of the present-day territories of
2176:"The Philippines in 1986: Democratic Reconstruction in the Post-Marcos Era"
2225:
686:
which was created along with three other new provinces comprising the old
3004:
2956:
2944:
2932:
2383:
1003:
998:
993:
858:
with the government, which led to the creation of what became called the
821:
760:
663:
659:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2207:
1334:
1067:
1023:
717:
611:
533:
3046:
2962:
2896:
1935:
Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn
1087:
875:
537:
487:
443:
2221:
2191:
1227:, later abolished and reverted to Balbalan and Pinukpuk before 1980.
2115:"A silent war is being waged on Philippine indigenous communities"
1819:
Cororaton, Cesar B. "Exchange Rate Movements in the Philippines".
1359:
Created in 1966, same day as establishment of Kalinga-Apayao, via
1330:
1165:
1132:
1012:(sub-provincial capital, 1907–1966; provincial capital, 1966–1995)
764:
529:
1949:"Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime"
1933:
Magno, Alexander R., ed. (1998). "Democracy at the Crossroads".
669:
1927: Parts of the municipal district of Pinukpuk in Kalinga to
633:
Part of Kalinga was transferred to another sub-province Bontoc (
2720:
966:
Municipalities in Kalinga and Apayao sub-provinces before 1995
172:
70:
29:
2036:. Diliman, Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
1795:
The Philippine Economy: Development, Policies, and Challenges
850:
Peace accord and creation of the Cordillera Autonomous Region
581:
of his own head, facing towards his own native province of
3079:
Dissolved and divided between neighboring (sub-)provinces.
2309:"Conrado Balweg - Priest, Guerrilla Leader and Politician"
2034:
Macli-ing Dulag: Kalinga Chief, Defender of the Cordillera
651:
1922: In Apayao, a barrio of municipal district of Bayag (
544:, from the earlier Mountain Province, with the passage of
2000:"Gone too soon: 7 youth leaders killed under Martial Law"
734:
bid to be the first Philippine president to be re-elected
3061:
All sub-provinces were temporarily abolished during the
885:
1995 plebiscite on the separation of Kalinga and Apayao
1282:, later renamed through a resolution, taken from Tauit.
555:
in 1995, which divided the province into two new ones,
197:
311:
Location of the historical province of Kalinga-Apayao.
2297:
https://peace.gov.ph/timeline/peace-process-cba-cpla/
811:
After Marcos was finally deposed by the civilian-led
3014:
2877:
2766:
1970:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
842:from the New People's Army. Former Catholic priest
658:1926: In Kalinga, barrios in municipal district of
640:, 1914); same as part of Apayao to the province of
478:
391:
369:
359:
347:
333:
325:
315:
256:
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1835:
2437:"NPA weapons seized in 'insurgency-free' Kalinga"
2379:"Apayao now free of communist rebels - military"
2597:Department of the Interior and Local Government
1350:, annexed to present-day Calanasan and Kabugao.
3100:Delimited to the downtown area of present-day
3146:States and territories disestablished in 1995
2732:
2574:The LawPhil Project. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
1937:. Hong Kong: Asia Publishing Company Limited.
206:that contextualizes different points of view.
192:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
8:
2609:
2607:
2024:
2022:
2020:
1838:Rebellion and repression in the Philippines
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3141:States and territories established in 1966
2739:
2725:
2717:
2678:Official Gazette. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
2664:Official Gazette. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
2560:Official Gazette. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
2237:Marchadesch, Barbara (November 24, 2017).
2174:Villegas, Bernardo M. (February 1, 1987).
1966:Abinales, P.N.; Amoroso, Donna J. (2005).
1740:. Filipinos for a Better Philippines, Inc.
1678:"1995 Provincial Profile - Kalinga Apayao"
964:
738:1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis
305:
253:
3161:1995 disestablishments in the Philippines
2113:Tauli-Corpuz, Victoria (March 29, 2018).
1904:(1st ed.). Boston: South End Press.
1274:Created in 1929 as municipal district of
1219:
1217:
1112:Tauit (sub-provincial capital, 1907–1915)
712:Since the creation of the sub-provinces,
339:7,048.1 km (2,721.3 sq mi)
240:Learn how and when to remove this message
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
2526:History of Different Barangay of Tanudan
1434:
1432:
883:
775:, as well as numerous municipalities in
697:on June 18, 1966. Those provinces, with
2350:"Cordillerans reject autonomy proposal"
2270:"Kalinga-Apayao: 95% under NPA control"
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1624:"Index to Official Gazette (1913–1928)"
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1389:
1195:
854:In September 1986, the CPLA signed the
824:in the province were controlled by the
332:
324:
314:
3156:1966 establishments in the Philippines
3063:Japanese occupation of the Philippines
2593:History and government of Luna, Apayao
2408:"Kalinga idineklarang insurgency free"
2278:. Manila Standard News, Inc. p. 2
2249:from the original on November 24, 2017
2226:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1716572
1077:Later created, as municipal districts:
1018:Later created, as municipal districts:
1716:University of the Philippines Diliman
1699:
1697:
1695:
678:As sub-provinces of Mountain Province
551:in 1966. The said law was amended by
511:
386:
382:
368:
358:
354:
342:
7:
2539:"Tinglayan: Executive Summary, 2020"
2348:Maragay, Fel V. (February 1, 1990).
2268:Jacinto, Gerry (December 29, 1988).
1968:State and society in the Philippines
1842:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1792:Balisacan, A. M.; Hill, Hal (2003).
99:adding citations to reliable sources
3151:Former provinces of the Philippines
3072:Converted to full-fledged province.
2435:Romero, Alexis (January 30, 2014).
2100:The Philippine Press Under Siege II
1821:DPIDS Discussion Paper Series 97-05
1472:"Marcos Drang nach Unsterblichkeit"
1363:, taken from Balbalan and Lubuagan.
1071:(sub-provincial capital, 1915–1995)
840:Cordillera People's Liberation Army
2645:"Executive Order No. 335, s. 1959"
2637:"Executive Order No. 217, s. 1956"
2557:"Executive Order No. 111, s. 1964"
587:when Marcos was overthrown in 1986
25:
2675:"Executive Order No. 78, s. 1936"
2661:"Executive Order No. 13, s. 1936"
2650:All were retrieved July 26, 2022.
2628:"Pudtol: Executive Summary, 2015"
2601:All were retrieved July 28, 2022.
2406:Cantos, Joy (November 11, 2010).
2322:Amor, Patria (February 4, 1990).
2222:https://ssrn.com/abstract=1716572
1760:Journal of Philippine Development
1053:Then municipal districts by 1917:
989:Then municipal districts by 1917:
953:Memorandum Order No. 290, s. 1995
807:After the People Power Revolution
682:The sub-provinces became part of
606:in 1907, were used to be part of
45:This article has multiple issues.
1689:. 1995. Retrieved July 23, 2022.
949:
932:
901:
818:Reform the Armed Forces Movement
703:Cordillera Administrative Region
526:Cordillera Administrative Region
462:
448:
423:
290:
278:
177:
75:
34:
2098:Aureus, Leonor J., ed. (1985).
1751:Balbosa, Joven Zamoras (1992).
1738:Marcos Martial Law: Never Again
1687:Philippine Statistics Authority
1478:(in German). January 15, 1989.
1413:. June 18, 1966. Archived from
1411:Chan Robles Virtual Law Library
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
2469:Official Gazette (Philippines)
1877:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1445:Official Gazette (Philippines)
728:During the Marcos dictatorship
622:which was established through
1:
3166:History of Kalinga (province)
2589:Municipality of Luna, Apayao.
2474:Government of the Philippines
2069:Vol. III (December 1980): 2,
1593:Government of the Philippines
1561:US Government Printing Office
1522:Government of the Philippines
1450:Government of the Philippines
1372:Created on June 17, 1967 via
833:Committee on National Defense
27:Filipino province (1966–1995)
1898:Schirmer, Daniel B. (1987).
1834:Kessler, Richard J. (1989).
1563:. 1909. p. 266–269, 330
1376:, taken from Flora and Luna.
860:Cordillera Autonomous Region
782:The 24 April 1980 murder of
532:. It was formed, along with
3104:in 1973; dissolved in 1975.
1953:Ateneo de Manila University
1798:. Oxford University Press.
1106:Former municipal districts:
803:issues in the Philippines.
701:, would become part of the
610:(as Kalinga was taken from
3187:
2546:. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
2516:. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
2506:. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
2464:"Memorandum Order No. 290"
2324:"What now for Cordillera?"
1871:Celoza, Albert F. (1997).
585:. The plan was unfinished
3055:
1151:
950:
895:
892:
889:
402:
387:
383:
379:
355:
343:
304:
274:
269:
261:
2616:Retrieved July 26, 2022.
2614:Pudtol - A Brief History
2528:Retrieved July 28, 2022.
1632:University of San Carlos
1169:in Kalinga was created (
961:Administrative divisions
830:House of Representatives
598:Before Mountain Province
2571:"Republic Act No. 4980"
1736:Robles, Raissa (2016).
1637:The Library Corporation
1588:Supreme Court E-Library
1517:Supreme Court E-Library
1440:"Republic Act No. 7878"
1346:Abolished in 1936 via
1317:Abolished in 1936 via
856:Mount Data Peace Accord
813:People Power Revolution
753:Chico River Dam Project
513:[kaliŋɡaapajaw]
1261:, renamed in 1967 via
1244:, renamed in 1971 via
866:Abolition and division
392:Political subdivisions
371:• Disestablished
1955:. September 20, 1999.
1773:on September 21, 2021
200:by rewriting it in a
2632:Commission on Audit.
2087:. September 5, 1980.
2083:"Valley of Sorrow".
1766:(35). Archived from
1308:, taken from Pudtol.
1304:Created in 1963 via
1291:Created in 1956 via
1223:Created in 1964 via
789:Cordillera Mountains
397:(before May 8, 1995)
95:improve this article
2699: /
2544:Commission on Audit
2442:The Philippine Star
2387:. February 15, 2010
2328:The Manila Standard
1452:. February 14, 1995
1333:in the province of
1248:, taken from Tabuk.
1236:Created in 1965 as
1182:in Apayao in 1967 (
967:
886:
749:human rights abuses
568:cult of personality
361:• Established
2703:18.067°N 121.200°E
2030:Doyo, Ma. Ceres P.
1295:, taken from Luna.
1137:Abolished: Quirino
965:
884:
709:on July 15, 1987.
705:, created through
3171:History of Apayao
3128:
3127:
3121:
3106:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
2859:Shariff Kabunsuan
2648:Official Gazette.
2640:Official Gazette.
1595:. August 18, 1908
1158:
1157:
958:
957:
826:New People's Army
777:Mountain Province
688:Mountain Province
620:Mountain Province
542:Mountain Province
528:in the island of
502:
501:
474:
473:
470:
469:
436:
435:
431:Mountain Province
250:
249:
242:
232:
231:
224:
186:This article may
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
3178:
3109:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3059:
2849:Negros del Norte
2741:
2734:
2727:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2679:
2671:
2665:
2657:
2651:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2602:
2581:
2575:
2567:
2561:
2553:
2547:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2514:Internet Archive
2504:Official Gazette
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2234:
2228:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2146:on March 6, 2012
2142:. Archived from
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2080:
2074:
2063:
2048:
2047:
2026:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1841:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1772:
1757:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1709:
1701:
1690:
1674:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1628:
1620:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1557:Washington, D.C.
1547:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1508:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1417:on March 4, 2016
1403:
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1249:
1234:
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1209:
1203:
1200:
1154:
1094:as municipality:
1040:as municipality:
968:
905:
887:
801:ancestral domain
793:Ferdinand Marcos
773:Kalinga Province
655:) to Namaltugan.
575:Ferdinand Marcos
515:
510:
466:
465:
452:
451:
440:
439:
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309:
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262:Province of the
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216:
213:
207:
203:balanced fashion
181:
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110:"Kalinga-Apayao"
103:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
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2779:Ambos Camarines
2762:
2745:
2708:18.067; 121.200
2707:
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2600:
2590:
2586:"Brief History"
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2358:Manila Standard
2354:news.google.com
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2275:Manila Standard
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2243:GMA News Online
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2192:10.2307/2644614
2173:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
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2138:
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2123:
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2119:Financial Times
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
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2077:
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2044:
2028:
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2018:
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1197:
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1126:
985:
963:
868:
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809:
784:Macli-ing Dulag
767:, and parts of
730:
680:
636:Executive Order
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595:
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490:
463:
449:
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372:
362:
336:
310:
300:
299:
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287:
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246:
235:
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217:
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198:help improve it
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92:
80:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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5:
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3032:Greater Manila
3029:
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2836:
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2821:
2816:
2811:
2809:Lepanto-Bontoc
2806:
2801:
2799:Kalinga-Apayao
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
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2666:
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2618:
2603:
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2530:
2518:
2510:Digitized copy
2495:"Act No. 2711"
2487:
2476:. July 5, 1995
2455:
2427:
2398:
2370:
2340:
2314:
2300:
2289:
2260:
2229:
2213:
2186:(2): 194–205.
2166:
2157:
2131:
2105:
2090:
2075:
2049:
2043:978971542772-2
2042:
2016:
1991:
1977:978-0742510234
1976:
1958:
1940:
1925:
1910:
1890:
1883:
1863:
1848:
1826:
1811:
1804:
1784:
1743:
1728:
1691:
1685:for PDF file)
1650:
1606:
1583:"Act No. 1876"
1574:
1535:
1512:"Act No. 1642"
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920:
919:
914:
909:
898:
897:
894:
891:
867:
864:
851:
848:
844:Conrado Balweg
808:
805:
729:
726:
684:Kalinga-Apayao
679:
676:
675:
674:
667:
656:
649:
608:Lepanto-Bontoc
599:
596:
594:
591:
540:, and the new
505:Kalinga-Apayao
500:
499:
480:
476:
475:
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471:
468:
467:
460:
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296:
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284:
277:
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275:
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259:
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257:Kalinga-Apayao
248:
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230:
229:
185:
183:
176:
169:
168:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
18:Kalinga–Apayao
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3183:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
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3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
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3136:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3047:Nueva Segovia
3045:
3043:
3042:Nueva Cáceres
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
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2988:
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2946:
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2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:Sub-provinces
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2834:Moro Province
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
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2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2756:sub-provinces
2753:
2750:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2629:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2587:
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2577:
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2566:
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2559:
2558:
2552:
2549:
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2542:
2540:
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2527:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2501:
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2465:
2459:
2456:
2444:
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2428:
2415:
2414:
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2402:
2399:
2386:
2385:
2380:
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2359:
2355:
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2341:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2094:
2091:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1884:9780275941376
1880:
1876:
1875:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1805:9780195158984
1801:
1797:
1796:
1788:
1785:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1717:
1713:
1712:Asian Studies
1706:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1524:. May 9, 1907
1523:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
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1451:
1447:
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1435:
1433:
1429:
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1408:
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1398:
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1375:
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1332:
1328:
1324:
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1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1179:Santa Marcela
1175:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1150:
1147:
1146:Santa Marcela
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
990:
987:
983:
982:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
960:
954:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
928:
925:
922:
921:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
904:
900:
899:
888:
882:
879:
877:
873:
865:
863:
861:
857:
849:
847:
845:
841:
836:
834:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
806:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
727:
725:
723:
719:
715:
714:Tabuc (Tabuk)
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
694:
689:
685:
677:
672:
668:
665:
661:
657:
654:
650:
647:
643:
639:
637:
632:
631:
630:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
597:
592:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
573:
569:
566:As part of a
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
548:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
506:
498:
494:
489:
485:
481:
479:Today part of
477:
461:
459:
456:
455:
447:
445:
442:
441:
438:
432:
429:
422:
421:
418:
417:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
394:
390:
378:
374:
364:
350:
346:
338:
328:
321:
318:
308:
303:
293:
281:
273:
268:
265:
260:
255:
252:
244:
241:
226:
223:
215:
205:
204:
199:
193:
191:
184:
175:
174:
165:
162:
154:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3113:Legazpi City
3110:
3102:Isabela City
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3065:(1942–1945).
3060:
2798:
2684:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2655:
2643:
2635:
2626:
2621:
2584:
2579:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2551:
2537:
2533:
2521:
2494:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2467:
2458:
2448:December 22,
2446:. Retrieved
2440:
2430:
2420:December 22,
2418:. Retrieved
2416:(in Tagalog)
2413:Philstar.com
2411:
2401:
2391:December 22,
2389:. Retrieved
2382:
2373:
2361:. Retrieved
2353:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2317:
2303:
2292:
2280:. Retrieved
2273:
2263:
2251:. Retrieved
2242:
2232:
2216:
2183:
2180:Asian Survey
2179:
2169:
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2144:the original
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:
2108:
2099:
2093:
2084:
2078:
2066:
2033:
2007:. Retrieved
2003:
1994:
1967:
1961:
1943:
1934:
1928:
1900:
1893:
1873:
1866:
1837:
1829:
1820:
1814:
1794:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1768:the original
1763:
1759:
1746:
1737:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1711:
1676:
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570:, long-time
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190:undue weight
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93:Please help
88:verification
85:
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47:Please help
44:
3007:(1907–1971)
3001:(1907–1917)
2995:(1966–1971)
2989:(1906–1920)
2983:(1907–1920)
2977:(1902–1920)
2971:(1907–1995)
2965:(1908–1966)
2959:(1966–1992)
2953:(1905–1945)
2951:Catanduanes
2947:(1956–1966)
2941:(1907–1914)
2935:(1907–1914)
2929:(1902–1966)
2923:(1959–1992)
2917:(1908–1966)
2911:(1907–1909)
2905:(1951–1979)
2899:(1907–1995)
2893:(1902–1920)
2887:(1905–1917)
2819:Maguindanao
2706: /
1777:November 6,
1639:. 2011–2012
1476:Der Spiegel
935:Total votes
799:concerning
745:Martial Law
553:RA No. 7878
522:Philippines
408:Preceded by
264:Philippines
3135:Categories
2981:Marinduque
2749:Philippine
2282:October 8,
1911:0896082768
1849:0300044062
1384:References
1117:Namaltugan
797:case study
673:in Apayao.
579:silhouette
375:8 May 1995
121:newspapers
50:improve it
2891:Amburayan
2869:Zamboanga
2767:Provinces
2752:provinces
2512:from the
2502:from the
2500:Full text
2253:April 15,
2200:0004-4687
1567:August 1,
1484:2195-1349
1323:Allacapan
1257:Formerly
1176:); also,
1125:1966–1995
1058:Calanasan
1029:Tinglayan
984:1907–1966
822:barangays
757:Tinglayan
653:Calanasan
626:in 1908.
572:President
270:1966-1995
56:talk page
3005:Siquijor
2957:Guimaras
2945:Camiguin
2933:Bukidnon
2784:Cotabato
2694:121°12′E
2480:July 23,
2384:GMA News
2363:June 22,
2333:June 11,
2247:Archived
2124:April 2,
2085:Asiaweek
2067:Aghamtao
2032:(2015).
2009:June 15,
1986:57452454
1920:14214735
1858:19266663
1823:: 3, 19.
1721:July 31,
1643:July 31,
1599:July 24,
1528:July 24,
1456:July 23,
1143:Created:
1130:Created:
1004:Pinukpuk
999:Lubuagan
994:Balbalan
976:Kalinga
972:Duration
951:Source:
791:led the
761:Lubuagan
690:through
664:Balbalan
660:Pinukpuk
648:, 1920).
549:No. 4695
518:province
516:) was a
3037:Legazpi
3022:Basilan
2999:Romblon
2993:Quirino
2987:Masbate
2975:Lepanto
2969:Kalinga
2921:Biliran
2915:Benguet
2909:Batanes
2864:Surigao
2829:Misamis
2824:Mindoro
2747:Former
2691:18°04′N
2208:2644614
2004:Rappler
1374:RA 4974
1361:RA 4741
1335:Cagayan
1306:RA 3672
1276:Macatel
1263:RA 4980
1246:RA 6184
1242:RA 4396
1184:RA 4974
1068:Kabugao
1034:Quirino
1024:Tanudan
979:Apayao
890:Choice
872:Kalinga
718:Kabugao
616:Isabela
612:Cagayan
593:History
557:Kalinga
534:Benguet
524:in the
520:of the
497:Kalinga
458:Kalinga
348:History
335:•
316:Capital
196:Please
135:scholar
3117:Daraga
3015:Cities
2963:Ifugao
2939:Butuan
2927:Bontoc
2903:Aurora
2897:Apayao
2844:Negros
2839:Morong
2814:Manila
2794:Ilocos
2774:Agusan
2760:cities
2758:, and
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2150:May 9,
2040:
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1974:
1918:
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1293:EO 217
1280:EO 200
1225:EO 111
1088:Pudtol
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945:100.00
940:78,059
926:3,008
912:75,051
893:Votes
876:Apayao
707:EO 220
671:Conner
561:Apayao
538:Ifugao
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488:Apayao
486:
484:·
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2789:Davao
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2595:(via
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2204:JSTOR
1771:(PDF)
1756:(PDF)
1708:(PDF)
1627:(PDF)
1348:EO 78
1331:Lasam
1327:EO 68
1319:EO 13
1259:Bayag
1238:Liwan
1190:Notes
1166:Pasil
1133:Pasil
1100:Flora
1046:Rizal
1009:Tabuk
929:3.85
917:96.15
769:Tabuk
765:Pasil
722:EO 45
646:EO 21
530:Luzon
320:Tabuk
188:lend
142:JSTOR
128:books
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2255:2020
2196:ISSN
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2126:2018
2038:ISBN
2011:2018
1982:OCLC
1972:ISBN
1916:OCLC
1906:ISBN
1879:ISBN
1854:OCLC
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1800:ISBN
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