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217:. Service with the airline was short, however, as the K-4 demonstrated a poor safety record. Between 23 May and 24 August, K-4s were involved in fourteen accidents, including two in which passengers were killed. The first of these fatal accidents took place on 25 June, when K-4 (registered СССР-219) crashed after take-off from
144:
placed an order with
Ukrvozduhput for two photographic survey aircraft, a request that the latter undertook to fill with two specially equipped K-4s. These machines took priority at the factory, and differed from the passenger version in having a ventral hatch for one or two cameras mounted on the
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Dobrolyot's survey machines commenced operations in August 1928, and were soon joined by around a dozen examples of the airliner version, which were used on routes in
Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The K-4 proved unsuitable for these conditions, with the hot conditions causing the aircraft's wooden
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designs. The structure was of mixed wood and metal construction, but with major assemblies designed in both wood and metal versions, allowing them to be interchanged. The design also featured a variable-incidence horizontal stabiliser, and the engine mounting was intended to facilitate the ready
192:
Flight testing was concluded in July 1928, and the four pre-production machines were handed over to
Ukrvozduhput. They were put into service on routes linking the Crimea and Caucasus, and another ten aircraft were ordered. The following year, services were expanded to Tehran in a joint service
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structures (especially the wings) to deform. The cost of maintenance and repairs soon became prohibitive, and by spring 1930, the aircraft were withdrawn. The type was evaluated for service on routes in the north, and one was used for the first passenger flight from Moscow to
225:. The wooden wings of the aircraft enabled it to float long enough for rescuers to reach it, however it sank soon afterwards, taking one passenger and one of the rescuers with it. The rescuer who drowned was celebrated Latvian military commander
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cabin floor, plus a self-contained darkroom. The air ambulance version was developed initially for exhibit at the 1928 Berlin Air Show, and examples would later see military service with Soviet forces in
Finland during the
237:. Although the subsequent investigation attributed the crash to pilot error, numerous manufacturing defects were discovered throughout the K-4 fleet, leading to their withdrawal from service shortly thereafter.
176:(Chervona Ukraina - "Red Ukraine") made the trip between 22 and 24 August. This same pilot and aircraft would set a new aerial distance record almost exactly a year later, flying from Kharkiv to Moscow to
119:, it was a conventional high-wing, strut-braced monoplane with separate enclosed cabin and cockpit. Kalinin undertook the design to offer a locally produced alternative to pioneering Ukrainian airline
115:
was an airliner built in the Soviet Union in the late 1920s which was also adapted for use as a photographic survey aircraft and as an air ambulance. A further development of the
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due to engine failure, killing two passengers. The second took place on 24 August when K-4 registered СССР-217 dove suddenly into the sea shortly after takeoff from
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1,000 m (3,300 ft) in 5 minutes 35 seconds, 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 20.5 minutes, 51,000 m (167,000 ft) in 47 minutes 18 seconds
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that was making a promotional tour. Encouraged by the positive feedback for his design, Kalinin obtained approval for a demanding flight between
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245:, but nothing came of this. Eventually, the remaining aircraft were used for survey work in Siberia and the Urals.
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four passengers / 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) max payload / 2 bed patients, 1 attendant and one Doctor
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1,000 m (3,300 ft) in 8.5 minutes; 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 45 minutes
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By May 1928, four pre-production machines were being constructed at the
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473:. London: Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd. pp. 182c–183c.
184:, Snegirev still covered 10,400 km (6,500 mi) in 73 hours.
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In summer the same year, Soviet pilots evaluated the K-4 against a
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197:. On 1 May 1929, seven Ukrvozduhput K-4s flew in formation from
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V-8 water-cooled piston engine, 220 kW (290 hp)
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550 L (150 US gal; 120 imp gal)
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Time to altitude with 640 kg (1,410 lb) load:
229:, who had been Commander and a commissar of the
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8:
541:
527:
519:
411:1,040 km (650 mi, 560 nmi)
392:185 km/h (115 mph, 100 kn)
398:160 km/h (99 mph, 86 kn)
492:. London: Studio Editions. p. 547.
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405:75 km/h (40 kn; 47 mph)
128:interchange of different powerplants.
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377:2-bladed wooden fixed pitch propeller
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471:Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928
442:59 kg/m (12 lb/sq ft)
325:16.72 m (54 ft 10 in)
293:Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928
451:0.092 kW/kg (0.056 hp/lb)
319:11.35 m (37 ft 3 in)
648:1920s Soviet and Russian airliners
140:. While this work was proceeding,
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663:Kharkiv Aviation Factory aircraft
331:3.8 m (12 ft 6 in)
286:Specifications (airliner version)
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123:, which was at that time flying
24:
490:Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation
337:40 m (430 sq ft)
488:Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989).
423:2.4 m/s (470 ft/min)
68:Konstantin Alekseevich Kalinin
1:
417:6,250 m (20,510 ft)
355:2,400 kg (5,291 lb)
349:2,360 kg (5,203 lb)
343:1,400 kg (3,086 lb)
658:Aircraft first flown in 1928
170:Mikhail Artemevich Snegirev
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469:Grey, C.G., ed. (1928).
138:Kharkiv Aviation Factory
58:Kharkov Aviation Factory
504:Russian Aviation Museum
298:General characteristics
168:, and back. Piloted by
353:Max takeoff weight:
195:Junkers Luftverkehr
188:Operational history
90:Primary user
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427:Time to altitude:
235:Russian Civil War
193:arrangement with
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82:Introduction
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101:Number built
509:Уголок неба
383:Performance
375:Propellers:
365:Powerplant:
233:during the
182:Vladivostok
132:Development
113:Kalinin K-4
642:Categories
456:References
447:Power/mass
335:Wing area:
147:Winter War
77:June 1928
323:Wingspan:
311:Capacity:
291:Data from
275:Dobrolyot
249:Operators
142:Dobrolyot
64:Designer
552:aircraft
243:Tashkent
231:Red Army
36:Airliner
550:Kalinin
329:Height:
317:Length:
219:Sukhumi
215:Tbilisi
199:Kharkiv
178:Irkutsk
166:Tbilisi
158:Kharkiv
125:Dornier
409:Range:
260:
203:Rostov
305:Crew:
223:Sochi
207:Sochi
85:1929
33:Role
627:K-15
622:K-14
617:K-13
612:K-12
607:K-11
602:K-10
367:1 ×
213:and
162:Baku
111:The
19:K-4
597:K-9
592:K-7
587:K-6
582:K-5
577:K-4
572:K-3
567:K-2
562:K-1
369:M-6
201:to
117:K-1
105:39
644::
209:,
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164:,
160:,
149:.
542:e
535:t
528:v
449::
307:2
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