Knowledge (XXG)

Kamose

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1303:, which was normally used only of ruling kings. This indicates that both Kamose and Ahmose were ruling when the inscriptions were cut and consequently that they were coregents. Since Kamose's name was recorded first, he would have been the senior coregent. However, no mention or reference to Ahmose as king appears in Kamose's Year 3 stela which indirectly records Kamose's first campaign against the Nubians; this can only mean that Kamose appointed the young Ahmose as his junior coregent sometime after his third year prior to launching a second military campaign against the Nubians. As a result, Kamose's second Nubian campaign must have occurred in his Year 4 or 5. The target of Kamose's second Nubian campaign may have been the fortress at 1159:, which was just north of Cusae and was manned by an Egyptian garrison loyal to the Hyksos. A detachment of Medjay troops attacked the garrison and overran it. The Carnarvon Tablet recounted this much of the campaign, but breaks off there. Nonetheless, Kamose's military strategy probably can be inferred. As Kamose moved north, he could easily take small villages and wipe out small Hyksos garrisons, but if a city resisted, he could cut it off from the rest of the Hyksos kingdom simply by taking over the city directly to the north. This kind of tactic probably allowed him to travel very quickly up the Nile. The second stele of Kamose (found in Thebes) continues Kamose's narrative with an attack on 1183: 1271: 29: 896: 841: 761: 708: 399: 295: 194: 1122:, and I sit united with an Asiatic and a Nubian, each in possession of his slice of Egypt, and I cannot pass by him as far as Memphis... No man can settle down, when despoiled by the taxes of the Asiatics. I will grapple with him, that I may rip open his belly! My wish is to save Egypt and to smite the Asiatic!" 1239:
The Second Stela of Kamose is well known for recounting that a Hyksos messenger was captured with a letter from Apophis—appealing for aid from the king of Kush against Kamose—while travelling through the western desert roads to Nubia. The final evidence that this king's military activities affected
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assumed that the First Carnarvon Tablet must be a copy of some commemorative stela of pharaoh Kamose. This was later confirmed when French Egyptologists Lacau and Chévrier were working in Karnak, and made an important discovery of two stela fragments. The smallest of them was found in 1932. And in
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Two separate rock-inscriptions found at Arminna and Toshka, deep in Nubia, give the prenomen and nomen of Kamose and Ahmose side by side and were inscribed at the same time—likely by the same draughtsman—according to the epigraphic data. In both inscriptions "the names of Ahmose follow
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See, all are loyal as far as Cusae. We are tranquil in our part of Egypt. Elephantine is strong, and the middle part (of the land) is with us as far as Cusae. Men till for us the finest of their lands. Our cattle pasture in the Papyrus marshes. Corn is sent for our swine. Our cattle are not taken
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Do you see what Egypt has done to me? The ruler who is in it, Kamose-the-Brave, given life, is attacking me on my soil although I have not attacked him in the manner of all he has done against you. He is choosing these two lands to bring affliction upon them, my land and yours, and he has ravaged
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does state that Kamose went north to attack the Hyksos by the command of Amun, but this is common to virtually all royal inscriptions of Egyptian history, and should not be understood as the specific command from this deity. Kamose states his reasons for an attack on the Hyksos was nationalistic
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However, Kamose's presentation here may be propaganda designed to embellish his reputation since his predecessor, Seqenenre Tao, had already been engaged in conflict with the Hyksos (for unknown reasons), only to fall in battle. Kamose sought to regain by force what he thought was his by right,
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Kamose is known to have campaigned against the Kushites prior to his third year since the Hyksos king directly appeals to his Kushite counterpart to attack his Theban rival and avenge the damage which Kamose had inflicted upon both their states. It is unlikely that Kamose had the resources to
1035:. His father had begun the initiatives and lost his life in battle with the Hyksos. It is thought that his mother, as regent, continued the campaigns after the death of Kamose, and that his full brother made the final conquest of them and united all of Egypt. 1248:
between the now shrunken Hyksos kingdom and Kamose's expanding seventeenth dynasty state. Furthermore, Kamose states in his second stele that his intention in returning the letter was for the Hyksos messenger to inform Apophis of the Theban king's victories
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His Year 3 is the only attested date for Kamose and was once thought to signal the end of his reign. However, it now appears certain that Kamose reigned for one or two more years beyond this date because he initiated a second campaign against the
1358:, Paris. The name of the pharaoh inscribed on the coffin was only recognized fifty years after the original discovery, by which time the mummy, which had been left with the pile of debris on which it was found, was almost certainly long lost. 1167:
or other major cities to the north, it has long been suspected that Kamose never did attack Avaris, but instead recorded what he intended to do. Kim Ryholt recently has argued that Kamose probably never advanced farther than the Anpu or
1283:. Evidence that Kamose had started a first campaign against the Kushites is affirmed by the contents of Apophis' captured letter where the Hyksos king's plea for aid from the king of Kush is recounted in Kamose's Year 3 Second stela: 1310:
A slightly longer reign of five years for Kamose has now been estimated by Ryholt and this ruler's timeline has been dated from 1554 BC to 1549 BC to take into account a one year period of coregency between Ahmose and Kamose.
1082:. Kamose sought to extend his rule northward over all of Lower Egypt. This apparently was met with much opposition by his courtiers. It appears that at some point, these princes in Thebes had achieved a practical 1335:, about 400 years after Ahmose's interment. While his tomb was mentioned as being "in a good state", it is clear that his mummy was moved at some point afterward, as it was discovered in 1857 at 1262:
simultaneously defeat the Kushites to the south and then inflict a serious setback on the Hyksos to the north in just one year over a front-line that extended over several hundred kilometres.
1398:"Only two stelae of Kamose were known until recently , one of them was also copied to a Dynasty 18 writing table (Redford 1997: nos. 68-69). In 2004 a fragmented inscription with the 1319:. This may imply that the king died before he had enough time to complete his burial equipment presumably because he was engaged in warfare with his Kushite and Hyksos neighbours. 5494: 1024:. Kamose is usually ascribed a reign of three years (his highest attested regnal year), although some scholars now favor giving him a longer reign of approximately five years. 1194:
at Avaris to his ally, the ruler of Kush, requesting the latter's urgent support against Kamose. Kamose promptly ordered a detachment of his troops to occupy and destroy the
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I placed the brave guard-flotilla to patrol as far as the desert-edge with the remainder (of the fleet) behind it, as if a kite were preying upon the territory of Avaris.
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which the Nubians had recaptured from Kamose's forces since a stela bearing his cartouche was deliberately erased and there is fire damage in the fort itself.
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1935, the larger fragment appeared. Thus, it emerged that the Carnarvon Tablet text was copied from Kamose's stelas. These newer texts were published in 1939.
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to Thebes, for a joyous victory celebration after his military success against the Hyksos in pushing the boundaries of his kingdom northward from Cusae past
1224:, direct genitive) i.e., the spoil which his army has carried off" as lines 7–8 and 15 of Kamose's stela—the only references to Avaris here—demonstrate: 1104:(in the text also parallelled in the Thebes stelae of Kamose) relate the misgivings of this king's council to the prospect of a war against the Hyksos: 5425: 5420: 1366:
Kamose erected two stelae in Thebes that seem to tell a consecutive narrative of his defeat of the Hyksos. The first stele is missing its last part.
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According to the second stele, after moving north of Nefrusy, Kamose's soldiers captured a courier bearing a message from the Hyksos king Awoserre
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This information confirms that Kamose confined his activities to this Egyptian nome and never approached the city of Avaris itself in his Year 3.
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only the Cynopolite nome, and not the city of Avaris itself, is the fact that when Kamose returned the letter to Apophis, he dispatched it to
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through to Sako, which now formed the new frontier between the seventeenth dynasty of Thebes and the fifteenth dynasty Hyksos state.
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In Kamose's third year, he embarked on his military campaign against the Hyksos by sailing north out of Thebes on the
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and labeled the third stela of Kamose (Van Siclen 2010), and in 2008 a further inscription of Kamose was found in
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rulers were at peace with the Hyksos kingdom to their north prior to the reign of Seqenenre Tao. They controlled
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I have not overlooked anything belonging to Avaris, because it (the area which Kamose was plundering) is empty.
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The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period (Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications
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The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instructions, Stelae, Autobiographies, and Poetry
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Redford, Donald B. History and Chronology of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt: Seven Studies. Toronto, 1967
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in this text, ordered this action to protect his rearguard. Kamose then sailed southward, back up the
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The coffin remains in Egypt, while the dagger is in Brussels and the pectoral and mirror are in the
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I should like to know what serves this strength of mine, when a chieftain in Avaris, and another in
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notes that Kamose was buried very modestly, in an ungilded stock coffin which lacked even a royal
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which is about a hundred miles south of Avaris. Atfih, hence, formed either the new border or a
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In Wolfram Grajetzki and Willeke Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles
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L'Egypte et la vallée du Nil. Tome 2: De la fin de l'Ancien Empire à la fin du Nouvel Empire.
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and the city of Saka) and did not enter either the Nile Delta, nor Lower Egypt proper.
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namely the kingship of Lower and Upper Egypt. The king thus responds to his council:
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with the later Hyksos rulers, which included transit rights through Hyksos-controlled
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in the western desert, which controlled the north–south desert route. Kamose, called
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vol. 2, part 1, ed. Edwards, I.E.S, et al. p. 290. Cambridge University Press, 1965.
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in the shape of a cartouche bearing the name of his successor and brother, Ahmose.
1270: 1138:-worshippers in the north (i.e., a religious motive for the war of liberation). The 5097: 4931: 4921: 4896: 4748: 4698: 4657: 4383: 4295: 4183: 4096: 4076: 3995: 3960: 3955: 3780: 3490: 3312: 3302: 3265: 3220: 3134: 3124: 3114: 3030: 2746: 2623: 2432: 2373: 2233: 2180: 2085: 1624:
vol. 2, part 1, ed. Edwards, I.E.S, et al. p.291. Cambridge University Press, 1965.
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Kamose's second stela which records his victory against the Hyksos (Luxor Museum).
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His reign is important for the decisive military initiatives he took against the
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Ryholt notes that Kamose never claims in his second stela to attack anything
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History and Chronology of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt: Seven Studies
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The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period
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Kamose was the final king in a succession of native Egyptian kings at
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Third Edition (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969), p. 232.
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directly below those of Kamose and each king is given the epithet
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More recently, some other inscriptions of Kamose were found.
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away... He holds the land of the Asiatics; we hold Egypt..."
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Ein thebanischer Grabfund aus dem Anfang des Neuen Reiches.
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Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament.
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Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament
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Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament
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Egypt: From the Expulsion of the Hyksos to Amenophis I.
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Egypt: From the Expulsion of the Hyksos to Amenophis I.
1809:(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969), p. 232. 1274:
Illustration of a votive barque attributed to Kamose.
1767:. p.259–260. William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1994. 1612: 1610: 1608: 1602:, 1961, reprint Oxford University Press, 1979, p.166 854: 810: 721: 678: 586: 561: 475: 450: 353: 324: 252: 223: 150: 121: 16:
Final Pharaoh of Theban seventeenth dynasty of Egypt
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His reign fell at the very end of the 1848:. Oxford: University Press, 1964, 1961. 1420: 1078:and ruled Middle Egypt as far north as 342: 241: 139: 1557:p.189. Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988. 7: 1094:and pasturage rights in the fertile 665:Flourishing is the Manifestation of 1436:. Oxford University Press. p.  1432:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt 1637:, Blackwell Publishing, 2005, p.3. 14: 1886:Simpson, William Kelly (Editor). 1054:Drawing of a scarab of Kamose by 1538:Scarabs and cylinders with names 1126:There is no evidence to support 894: 839: 759: 706: 436:He who renews the fortifications 397: 293: 192: 1862:(3rd edition). Princeton, 1969. 1460:Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing: 1031:, who had come to rule much of 1858:Pritchard, James B. (Editor). 1827:Ilin-Tomich, Alexander, 2016, 1622:The Cambridge Ancient History, 1572:The Cambridge Ancient History, 1163:. Because it does not mention 212:He who nourishes the two lands 1: 4969:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator 1542:available copyright-free here 1004:. He was possibly the son of 787: 652: 536: 425: 97: 33:Sarcophagus of Kamose, Cairo 1818:P. Lacau, ASAE, xxxix (1939) 1175:in Middle Egypt (around the 997:was the last Pharaoh of the 110:He who appears on his throne 4902:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 1829:Second Intermediate Period. 1555:A History of Ancient Egypt. 5516: 3801:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef 3185:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep 2949:Second Intermediate Period 1783:James B. Pritchard (ed.), 1098:. Kamose's records on the 1022:Second Intermediate Period 885: 849: 800:He who is born of the bull 750: 716: 646:Prenomen  (Praenomen) 620: 583: 504: 472: 388: 348: 284: 247: 183: 145: 5463: 5365: 5354: 5252:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus 4942:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 4493: 4471: 3858: 3847:Third Intermediate Period 3836: 2960: 2938: 1986: 1975:First Intermediate Period 1964: 1915: 1904: 1896: 1491:Chronicle of the Pharaohs 1134:as an attack against the 1066:. Originally, the Theban 853: 786: 720: 651: 585: 535: 474: 424: 352: 251: 149: 96: 78: 26: 5490:16th-century BC pharaohs 4964:Cleopatra VII Philopator 3221:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI 1979: (<3150–2040 BC) 4937:Ptolemy XI Alexander II 4852:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 3146:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra 1428:Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). 1402:of Kamose was found in 4979:Ptolemy XIV Philopator 4958:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena 4952:Berenice IV Epiphaneia 4907:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes 4877:Arsinoe III Philopator 3791:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef 3261:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw 3201:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V 2792:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb 1633:Spalinger, Anthony J. 1381:As early as 1916, Sir 1290: 1275: 1187: 1124: 1111: 1059: 4927:Ptolemy X Alexander I 4892:Ptolemy VI Philometor 4872:Ptolemy IV Philopator 4867:Berenice II Euergetes 4862:Ptolemy III Euergetes 4824:Philip III Arrhidaeus 3333:Khahotepre Sobekhotep 3328:Merhotepre Sobekhotep 2682:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II 1846:Egypt of the Pharaohs 1635:War in Ancient Egypt. 1600:Egypt of the Pharaohs 1473:Claude Vandersleyen: 1273: 1257:First Nubian Campaign 1185: 1053: 540:Bik Nebu Seheru-Tawi 54:c. 1555–1550 BC 5360:Dynastic genealogies 4984:Ptolemy XV Caesarion 4280:Tutkheperre Shoshenq 4194:High Priests of Amun 3696:Merankhre Mentuhotep 3398:Seheqenre Sankhptahi 3393:Sewadjare Mentuhotep 3246:Khaankhre Sobekhotep 2953: (2040–1550 BC) 2672:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I 1844:Gardiner, Sir Alan. 1802:James B. Pritchard, 1738:"The Abbott Papyrus" 1598:Gardiner, Sir Alan. 4882:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 4819:Alexander the Great 3851: (1550–664 BC) 3373:Mershepsesre Ini II 3368:Merkawre Sobekhotep 2762:Neferkare IV Khendu 1912:Seventeenth Dynasty 1865:Redford, Donald B. 1586:"Cambridge 2:1 290" 1155:. He first reached 1068:Seventeenth dynasty 1012:and the brother of 1002:Seventeenth Dynasty 5219:Trebonianus Gallus 3806:Senakhtenre Ahmose 3424:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre 3378:Sewahenre Senebmiu 3353:Sankhenre Sewadjtu 2782:Neferkare V Tereru 2752:Neferkare III Neby 2420:Sekhemib-Perenmaat 1709:Ryholt, pp.181–182 1664:Ryholt, pp.173–174 1655:Ryholt, pp.173–175 1646:Ryholt, pp.172–175 1477:Paris 1995, S. 195 1276: 1188: 1060: 1018:Eighteenth Dynasty 5472: 5471: 5459: 5458: 5350: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5266:Claudius Gothicus 5160:Severus Alexander 5127:Septimius Severus 4992: 4991: 4790: 4789: 4535: 4534: 4467: 4466: 4463: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4174:Osorkon the Elder 4125: 4124: 3902: 3901: 3832: 3831: 3828: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3796:Nubkheperre Intef 3676:Sekhemre Shedwast 3298:Sehetepkare Intef 3226:Semenkare Nebnuni 3155: 3154: 3002: 3001: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2709: 2708: 2687:Netjerkare Siptah 2609:Neferirkare Kakai 2454: 2453: 2258: 2257: 2028: 2027: 1925: 1924: 1916:Succeeded by 1682:Ryholt, pp.182–83 1553:Grimal, Nicolas. 1536:Flinders Petrie: 1390:Other discoveries 1337:Dra' Abu el-Naga' 1147:Northern Campaign 1016:, founder of the 992: 991: 987:17th Dynasty 977:Dra' Abu el-Naga' 914: 913: 910: 909: 906: 905: 902: 901: 889: 888: 881: 880: 877: 876: 830: 829: 826: 825: 775: 774: 771: 770: 767: 766: 754: 753: 746: 745: 742: 741: 697: 696: 693: 692: 640: 639: 636: 635: 632: 631: 624: 623: 618: 617: 614: 613: 577: 576: 573: 572: 543:bjk nbw shrw-t3wj 524: 523: 520: 519: 516: 515: 508: 507: 502: 501: 498: 497: 466: 465: 462: 461: 413: 412: 409: 408: 405: 404: 392: 391: 384: 383: 380: 379: 340: 339: 336: 335: 305: 304: 301: 300: 288: 287: 280: 279: 276: 275: 239: 238: 235: 234: 204: 203: 200: 199: 187: 186: 179: 178: 175: 174: 137: 136: 133: 132: 5507: 5466:List of pharaohs 5356: 5121:Pescennius Niger 5009: 5005: 5004: 4917:Ptolemy IX Soter 4887:Cleopatra I Syra 4807: 4803: 4802: 4552: 4548: 4547: 4504: 4495: 4488: 4487: 4473: 4224:Djedkhonsuefankh 4142: 4138: 4137: 3919: 3915: 3914: 3889: 3884: 3869: 3860: 3853: 3852: 3838: 3431:Qareh Khawoserre 3417:Yakbim Sekhaenre 3358:Mersekhemre Ined 3172: 3168: 3167: 3019: 3015: 3014: 2971: 2962: 2955: 2954: 2940: 2726: 2722: 2721: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2045: 2041: 2040: 1997: 1988: 1981: 1980: 1966: 1951: 1944: 1937: 1928: 1907:Pharaoh of Egypt 1897:Preceded by 1894: 1872:Ryholt, Kim SB, 1869:. Toronto, 1967. 1851:Montet, Pierre. 1832: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1810: 1800: 1791: 1781: 1775: 1766: 1765:Egyptian Mummies 1761: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1748: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1719: 1716: 1710: 1707: 1701: 1698: 1692: 1689: 1683: 1680: 1674: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1656: 1653: 1647: 1644: 1638: 1631: 1625: 1614: 1603: 1596: 1587: 1584: 1575: 1564: 1558: 1551: 1545: 1534: 1528: 1525: 1514: 1500: 1494: 1487: 1478: 1471: 1465: 1458: 1452: 1451: 1435: 1425: 1371:Carnarvon Tablet 1345:Heinrich Brugsch 1341:Auguste Mariette 1140:Carnarvon Tablet 1101:Carnarvon Tablet 936:Ahmose-Sitkamose 898: 897: 859: 855: 847: 843: 842: 836: 815: 811: 807: 788: 763: 762: 726: 722: 714: 710: 709: 703: 683: 679: 675: 653: 591: 587: 581: 566: 562: 558: 554: 553: 537: 480: 476: 470: 455: 451: 447: 443: 442: 426: 401: 400: 358: 354: 346: 329: 325: 321: 317: 316: 297: 296: 257: 253: 245: 228: 224: 220: 216: 215: 196: 195: 155: 151: 143: 126: 122: 118: 114: 113: 98: 87: 31: 19: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5505: 5504: 5500:Egyptian rebels 5475: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5455: 5361: 5338: 5238:Macrianus Minor 5167:Maximinus Thrax 5103:Marcus Aurelius 5002: 5001: 5000: 4988: 4847:Ptolemy I Soter 4833: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4786: 4753: 4725: 4685: 4667: 4647:Psammetichus IV 4617: 4545: 4544: 4543: 4531: 4509: 4500: 4489: 4486:(664 BC–313 AD) 4485: 4484: 4455: 4417: 4394: 4390:Menkheperre Ini 4327: 4250: 4188: 4135: 4134: 4133: 4121: 4058: 4005: 3986:Neferneferuaten 3912: 3911: 3910: 3898: 3897: 3887: 3882: 3881:Pharaohs   3874: 3865: 3854: 3850: 3849: 3820: 3755: 3714: 3641:Sobekhotep VIII 3622: 3554: 3402: 3363:Sewadjkare Hori 3165: 3164: 3163: 3151: 3091: 3065: 3012: 3011: 3010: 2998: 2976: 2967: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2922: 2889: 2849: 2757:Djedkare Shemai 2719: 2718: 2717: 2705: 2643: 2585: 2528: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2450: 2344: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2254: 2159: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2024: 2002: 1993: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1960: 1955: 1921: 1910: 1902: 1841: 1836: 1835: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1813: 1801: 1794: 1782: 1778: 1764: 1762: 1755: 1746: 1744: 1742:reshafim.org.il 1736: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1632: 1628: 1615: 1606: 1597: 1590: 1585: 1578: 1565: 1561: 1552: 1548: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1517: 1502:Kim SB Ryholt, 1501: 1497: 1489:Peter Clayton: 1488: 1481: 1472: 1468: 1459: 1455: 1448: 1427: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1410:(Thiers 2009)." 1400:Two Ladies name 1392: 1379: 1364: 1325: 1268: 1266:Length of reign 1259: 1149: 1056:Flinders Petrie 1048: 1041: 916: 915: 895: 863: 840: 822: 798: 794: 760: 707: 663: 659: 608: 606: 598: 545: 541: 492: 487: 434: 430: 398: 375: 373: 365: 315: 311: 307: 294: 271: 269: 264: 214: 210: 206: 193: 170: 164: 159: 112: 108: 104: 84: 37: 35:Egyptian Museum 17: 12: 11: 5: 5513: 5511: 5503: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5485:1549 BC deaths 5477: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5366: 5363: 5362: 5359: 5352: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5334:Maximinus Daza 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5290: 5283: 5276: 5269: 5262: 5255: 5248: 5241: 5234: 5229: 5222: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5198: 5191: 5184: 5177: 5170: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5117: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5093:Antoninus Pius 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5017: 5015: 5006: 5003:(30 BC–313 AD) 4994: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4843: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4815: 4813: 4804: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4767:Artaxerxes III 4763: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4735: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4695: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4683: 4677: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4643: 4638: 4636:Petubastis III 4633: 4627: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4573: 4568: 4560: 4558: 4549: 4537: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4530: 4529: 4524: 4523: 4522: 4519: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4501: 4498: 4491: 4490: 4476: 4469: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4460: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4427: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4404: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4392: 4387: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4337: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4260: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4248: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4204: 4198: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4150: 4148: 4139: 4131:3 Intermediate 4127: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4068: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4015: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3927: 3925: 3916: 3913:(1550–1070 BC) 3904: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3856: 3855: 3841: 3834: 3833: 3830: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3771: 3765: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3753: 3746: 3739: 3732: 3724: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3646:Neferhotep III 3643: 3638: 3632: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3586: 3579: 3572: 3564: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3545: 3538: 3531: 3524: 3517: 3510: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3476:Sewadjkare III 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3445:Maaibre Sheshi 3441: 3438:'Ammu Ahotepre 3434: 3427: 3420: 3412: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3348:Merhotepre Ini 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3308:Sobekhotep III 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3180: 3178: 3169: 3166:(1802–1550 BC) 3161:2 Intermediate 3157: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3149: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3101: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3056:Mentuhotep III 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3027: 3025: 3016: 3013:(2040–1802 BC) 3008:Middle Kingdom 3004: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2996: 2991: 2990: 2989: 2986: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2968: 2965: 2958: 2957: 2945:Middle Kingdom 2943: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2928: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2908:Neferkare VIII 2905: 2899: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2887: 2880: 2875: 2873:Nebkaure Khety 2870: 2865: 2863:Meryibre Khety 2859: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2840: 2833: 2826: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2797:Neferkamin Anu 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2738: 2736: 2723: 2720:(2181–2040 BC) 2715:1 Intermediate 2711: 2710: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2703: 2696: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2653: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2641: 2636: 2634:Djedkare Isesi 2631: 2629:Menkauhor Kaiu 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2595: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2583: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2538: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2514: 2507: 2502: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2479: 2477: 2468: 2465:(2686–2181 BC) 2456: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2448: 2443: 2436: 2429: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2405: 2398: 2391: 2384: 2377: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2354: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2342: 2335: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2283: 2281: 2272: 2269:(3150–2686 BC) 2264:Early Dynastic 2260: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2252: 2243: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2219: 2212: 2205: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2177: 2169: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2150: 2145: 2138: 2131: 2124: 2117: 2110: 2103: 2096: 2089: 2082: 2075: 2068: 2061: 2053: 2051: 2042: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1984: 1983: 1969: 1962: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1953: 1946: 1939: 1931: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1914: 1903: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1884: 1870: 1863: 1856: 1849: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1820: 1811: 1792: 1776: 1753: 1729: 1720: 1711: 1702: 1693: 1684: 1675: 1666: 1657: 1648: 1639: 1626: 1616:James, T.G.H. 1604: 1588: 1576: 1566:James, T.G.H. 1559: 1546: 1529: 1515: 1495: 1479: 1466: 1453: 1446: 1419: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1391: 1388: 1378: 1377:Identification 1375: 1363: 1360: 1329:Abbott Papyrus 1324: 1321: 1313:Donald Redford 1267: 1264: 1258: 1255: 1196:Bahariya Oasis 1148: 1145: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1037: 990: 989: 984: 980: 979: 974: 970: 969: 966: 962: 961: 955: 951: 950: 944: 940: 939: 933: 929: 928: 922: 918: 917: 912: 911: 908: 907: 904: 903: 900: 899: 892: 890: 887: 886: 883: 882: 879: 878: 875: 874: 871: 868: 865: 851: 850: 844: 833: 831: 828: 827: 824: 823: 819: 803: 802: 784: 783: 777: 776: 773: 772: 769: 768: 765: 764: 757: 755: 752: 751: 748: 747: 744: 743: 740: 739: 736: 733: 730: 718: 717: 711: 700: 698: 695: 694: 691: 690: 687: 671: 670: 649: 648: 642: 641: 638: 637: 634: 633: 630: 629: 627: 625: 622: 621: 619: 616: 615: 612: 611: 603: 600: 595: 584: 578: 575: 574: 571: 570: 550: 549: 533: 532: 526: 525: 522: 521: 518: 517: 514: 513: 511: 509: 506: 505: 503: 500: 499: 496: 495: 489: 484: 473: 467: 464: 463: 460: 459: 439: 438: 422: 421: 415: 414: 411: 410: 407: 406: 403: 402: 395: 393: 390: 389: 386: 385: 382: 381: 378: 377: 370: 367: 362: 350: 349: 343: 341: 338: 337: 334: 333: 306:Neferkhabtawi 303: 302: 299: 298: 291: 289: 286: 285: 282: 281: 278: 277: 274: 273: 266: 261: 249: 248: 242: 240: 237: 236: 233: 232: 202: 201: 198: 197: 190: 188: 185: 184: 181: 180: 177: 176: 173: 172: 166: 161: 147: 146: 140: 138: 135: 134: 131: 130: 94: 93: 85: 82:Royal titulary 80: 79: 76: 75: 70: 66: 65: 60: 56: 55: 52: 46: 45: 39: 38: 32: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5512: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5467: 5462: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5367: 5364: 5357: 5353: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5303: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5288: 5284: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5275: 5274: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5261: 5260: 5256: 5254: 5253: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5190: 5189: 5185: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5169: 5168: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5007: 4999: 4995: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4959: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4912:Cleopatra III 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4808: 4805: 4797: 4793: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4715: 4714:Nepherites II 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4648: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4620: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4550: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4525: 4520: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4496: 4492: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4245:Psusennes III 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4143: 4140: 4136:(1069–664 BC) 4132: 4128: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4102:Ramesses VIII 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3971:Amenhotep III 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3894: 3891: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3876: 3870: 3867: 3861: 3857: 3848: 3844: 3839: 3835: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3811:Seqenenre Tao 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3786:Sobekemsaf II 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3738: 3737: 3736:Wepwawetemsaf 3733: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3435: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3343:Merneferre Ay 3341: 3339: 3338:Wahibre Ibiau 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3323:Sobekhotep IV 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3130:Amenemhat III 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3061:Mentuhotep IV 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3051:Mentuhotep II 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3009: 3005: 2995: 2992: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2972: 2969: 2963: 2959: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2913:Wahkare Khety 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2868:Neferkare VII 2866: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2841: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2469: 2461: 2457: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2415:Seth-Peribsen 2413: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2397: 2396: 2392: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2376: 2375: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2358:Hotepsekhemwy 2356: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2265: 2261: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2149: 2148:Double Falcon 2146: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2102: 2101: 2097: 2095: 2094: 2090: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2039:(pre-3150 BC) 2035: 2034:Protodynastic 2031: 2021: 2018: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2006: 2004: 1998: 1995: 1989: 1985: 1976: 1972: 1971:Protodynastic 1967: 1963: 1959: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1940: 1938: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1920: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1901: 1900:Seqenenre Tao 1895: 1889: 1885: 1883: 1882:87-7289-421-0 1879: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1853:Eternal Egypt 1850: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1838: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1807:Third Edition 1806: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1787: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1773:0-688-10272-7 1770: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1743: 1739: 1733: 1730: 1724: 1721: 1718:Ryholt, p.204 1715: 1712: 1706: 1703: 1700:Ryholt, p.274 1697: 1694: 1691:Ryholt, p.181 1688: 1685: 1679: 1676: 1673:Ryholt, p.172 1670: 1667: 1661: 1658: 1652: 1649: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1563: 1560: 1556: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1530: 1527:Ryholt, p.273 1524: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1512:87-7289-421-0 1509: 1505: 1499: 1496: 1492: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1457: 1454: 1449: 1447:0-19-815034-2 1443: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1424: 1421: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1383:Alan Gardiner 1376: 1374: 1372: 1367: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1289: 1284: 1282: 1272: 1265: 1263: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1247: 1246:no-man's land 1243: 1237: 1236: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1184: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1128:Pierre Montet 1123: 1121: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1084:modus vivendi 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1057: 1052: 1046: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1033:Ancient Egypt 1030: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1006:Seqenenre Tao 1003: 1000: 996: 988: 985: 981: 978: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 956: 952: 948: 947:Seqenenre Tao 945: 941: 937: 934: 930: 926: 923: 919: 893: 891: 884: 872: 869: 866: 861: 860: 857: 856: 852: 848: 845: 838: 837: 834: 832: 820: 817: 816: 813: 812: 809: 808: 805: 804: 801: 797: 793: 790: 789: 785: 782: 778: 758: 756: 749: 737: 734: 731: 728: 727: 724: 723: 719: 715: 712: 705: 704: 701: 699: 688: 685: 684: 681: 680: 677: 676: 673: 672: 669: 668: 662: 658: 655: 654: 650: 647: 643: 628: 626: 604: 601: 596: 593: 592: 589: 588: 582: 579: 568: 567: 564: 563: 560: 559: 556: 555: 552: 551: 548: 544: 539: 538: 534: 531: 527: 512: 510: 490: 485: 482: 481: 478: 477: 471: 468: 457: 456: 453: 452: 449: 448: 445: 444: 441: 440: 437: 433: 428: 427: 423: 420: 416: 396: 394: 387: 371: 368: 363: 360: 359: 356: 355: 351: 347: 344: 331: 330: 327: 326: 323: 322: 319: 318: 314: 310: 292: 290: 283: 267: 262: 259: 258: 255: 254: 250: 246: 243: 230: 229: 226: 225: 222: 221: 218: 217: 213: 209: 191: 189: 182: 167: 162: 157: 156: 153: 152: 148: 144: 141: 128: 127: 124: 123: 120: 119: 116: 115: 111: 107: 103: 102:Khahernesetef 100: 99: 95: 92: 88: 83: 77: 74: 71: 67: 64: 63:Seqenenre Tao 61: 57: 53: 51: 47: 44: 40: 36: 30: 25: 20: 5311: 5304: 5297: 5285: 5278: 5271: 5264: 5257: 5250: 5243: 5236: 5224: 5217: 5200: 5193: 5186: 5179: 5172: 5165: 5158: 5151: 5119: 5112: 5098:Lucius Verus 5055: 4956: 4932:Berenice III 4922:Cleopatra IV 4897:Cleopatra II 4829:Alexander IV 4749:Nectanebo II 4718: 4699:Nepherites I 4658:Artaxerxes I 4645: 4575: 4563: 4546:(664–332 BC) 4526: 4482:Roman Period 4384:Shoshenq VII 4382: 4355: 4315: 4296:Shoshenq III 4278: 4243: 4206: 4184:Psusennes II 4097:Ramesses VII 4077:Ramesses III 3961:Amenhotep II 3956:Thutmose III 3892: 3815: 3781:Sobekemsaf I 3773: 3748: 3741: 3734: 3727: 3707: 3700: 3605: 3588: 3583:'Aper-'Anati 3581: 3574: 3567: 3547: 3540: 3533: 3526: 3519: 3512: 3505: 3491:Sekheperenre 3443: 3436: 3429: 3422: 3415: 3313:Neferhotep I 3303:Seth Meribre 3280: 3266:Djedkheperew 3183: 3144: 3135:Amenemhat IV 3125:Senusret III 3115:Amenemhat II 3031:Mentuhotep I 2993: 2882: 2842: 2835: 2828: 2821: 2747:Neferkare II 2698: 2691: 2624:Nyuserre Ini 2578: 2561: 2516: 2509: 2497: 2438: 2433:Neferkasokar 2431: 2424: 2407: 2400: 2393: 2386: 2379: 2372: 2337: 2330: 2238: 2221: 2214: 2207: 2200: 2193: 2186: 2181:Finger Snail 2179: 2172: 2152: 2140: 2133: 2126: 2119: 2112: 2105: 2098: 2091: 2084: 2077: 2070: 2063: 2056: 2019: 1905: 1887: 1873: 1866: 1859: 1852: 1845: 1839:Bibliography 1823: 1814: 1803: 1785: 1779: 1763:Brier, Bob. 1745:. Retrieved 1741: 1732: 1723: 1714: 1705: 1696: 1687: 1678: 1669: 1660: 1651: 1642: 1634: 1629: 1621: 1617: 1599: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1554: 1549: 1537: 1532: 1503: 1498: 1490: 1474: 1469: 1461: 1456: 1431: 1423: 1393: 1380: 1368: 1365: 1353: 1326: 1309: 1300: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1286: 1277: 1260: 1250: 1245: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1222:nkt hwt-w'rt 1221: 1214: 1212: 1200:"the Strong" 1199: 1189: 1150: 1139: 1125: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1099: 1083: 1061: 1044: 1026: 994: 993: 799: 795: 791: 664: 660: 657:Wadjkheperre 656: 546: 542: 530:Golden Horus 435: 431: 312: 309:Nfr-ẖ3b-t3wj 308: 211: 207: 205:Sedjefatawy 109: 106:Ḫˁj-ḥr-nst=f 105: 101: 5202:Gordian III 5147:Diadumenian 4947:Cleopatra V 4801:(332–30 BC) 4796:Hellenistic 4739:Nectanebo I 4631:Cambyses II 4613:Psamtik III 4571:Tefnakht II 4373:Takelot III 4368:Osorkon III 4363:Shoshenq VI 4317:Pedubast II 4301:Shoshenq IV 4274:Shoshenq II 4239:Pinedjem II 4229:Menkheperre 4164:Psusennes I 4117:Ramesses XI 4107:Ramesses IX 4092:Ramesses VI 4082:Ramesses IV 4029:Ramesses II 3991:Tutankhamun 3966:Thutmose IV 3946:Thutmose II 3936:Amenhotep I 3908:New Kingdom 3843:New Kingdom 3702:Senusret IV 3686:Dedumose II 3661:Nebiriau II 3656:Nebiryraw I 3651:Mentuhotepi 3456:Khakherewre 3383:Merkheperre 3293:Imyremeshaw 3276:Sedjefakare 3231:Sehetepibre 3206:Ameny Qemau 3140:Sobekneferu 3120:Senusret II 3105:Amenemhat I 3087:Iyibkhentre 2817:Neferirkare 2812:Neferkauhor 2619:Shepseskare 2460:Old Kingdom 2446:Khasekhemwy 2426:Neferkara I 2395:Weneg-Nebty 2240:Scorpion II 1544:, pl. XXIII 1464:Tafel 4 (8) 1333:Ramesses IX 1092:Lower Egypt 1076:Elephantine 1072:Upper Egypt 1045:Casus Belli 429:Wehem-menu 59:Predecessor 5479:Categories 5319:Diocletian 5273:Quintillus 5226:Aemilianus 5181:Gordian II 5153:Elagabalus 4974:Arsinoe IV 4857:Arsinoe II 4782:Darius III 4709:Psammuthes 4598:Psamtik II 4413:Bakenranef 4351:Pedubast I 4346:Takelot II 4341:Harsiese A 4323:Osorkon IV 4311:Shoshenq V 4291:Osorkon II 4264:Shoshenq I 4234:Smendes II 4214:Pinedjem I 4159:Amenemnisu 4112:Ramesses X 4087:Ramesses V 4039:Amenmesses 4019:Ramesses I 3981:Smenkhkare 3951:Hatshepsut 3941:Thutmose I 3691:Montuemsaf 3681:Dedumose I 3481:Nebdjefare 3471:Merdjefare 3241:Nedjemibre 3236:Sewadjkare 3110:Senusret I 3082:Qakare Ini 2903:Meryhathor 2807:Neferkaure 2802:Qakare Iby 2787:Neferkahor 2772:Neferkamin 2580:Thamphthis 2574:Shepseskaf 2488:Sekhemkhet 2339:Horus Bird 2216:Scorpion I 1747:2007-01-04 1415:References 1301:Given Life 1227:Line 7–8: 1208:Hermopolis 925:Ahhotep II 661:W3ḏ-ḫpr-Rˁ 419:Nebty name 91:Horus name 5451:Ptolemaic 5259:Gallienus 5174:Gordian I 5137:Caracalla 5063:Vespasian 5057:Vitellius 4839:Ptolemaic 4681:Amyrtaeus 4663:Darius II 4608:Ahmose II 4588:Psamtik I 4527:uncertain 4515:Pharaohs 4451:Tanutamun 4286:Takelot I 4269:Osorkon I 4219:Masaharta 4169:Amenemope 4072:Setnakhte 4034:Merneptah 3976:Akhenaten 3893:uncertain 3775:Nebmaatre 3596:Sakir-Har 3549:Yaqub-Har 3461:Nebefawre 3211:Hotepibre 3077:Segerseni 3046:Intef III 2994:uncertain 2982:Pharaohs 2614:Neferefre 2440:Hudjefa I 2321:Semerkhet 2058:Hedju Hor 2020:uncertain 2008:Pharaohs 1233:Line 15: 1170:Cynopolis 1039:Campaigns 1010:Ahhotep I 958:Ahhotep I 796:Kȝ ms(=w) 208:Sḏf3-t3wj 69:Successor 5411:21 to 23 5329:Galerius 5324:Maximian 5313:Numerian 5280:Aurelian 5232:Valerian 5195:Balbinus 5188:Pupienus 5142:Macrinus 5114:Pertinax 5108:Commodus 5073:Domitian 5036:Claudius 5031:Caligula 5026:Tiberius 5021:Augustus 4641:Darius I 4593:Necho II 4436:Shebitku 4408:Tefnakht 4001:Horemheb 3931:Ahmose I 3743:Pantjeny 3729:Senebkay 3709:Pepi III 3671:Bebiankh 3528:Shenshek 3486:Nebsenre 3318:Sihathor 3288:Khendjer 3251:Renseneb 3196:Nerikare 3041:Intef II 2918:Merykare 2823:Wadjkare 2767:Merenhor 2662:Userkare 2569:Menkaure 2563:Bikheris 2552:Djedefre 2518:Qahedjet 2402:Wadjenes 2388:Horus Sa 2381:Nubnefer 2368:Nynetjer 2332:Sneferka 2072:Ni-Neith 1958:Pharaohs 1919:Ahmose I 1540:(1917), 1349:pectoral 1014:Ahmose I 932:Children 73:Ahmose I 5306:Carinus 5287:Tacitus 5245:Quietus 5088:Hadrian 4772:Khabash 4603:Wahibre 4583:Necho I 4577:Nekauba 4565:Ammeris 4508:Dynasty 4446:Taharqa 4441:Shabaka 4378:Rudamun 4357:Iuput I 4202:Herihor 4154:Smendes 4054:Twosret 4044:Seti II 3888:female) 3873:Dynasty 3769:Rahotep 3666:Semenre 3636:Djehuti 3618:Khamudi 3607:Yanassi 3590:Salitis 3542:Yakareb 3535:Khamure 3466:Sehebre 3388:Merkare 3036:Intef I 2975:Dynasty 2884:Imhotep 2844:Iytjenu 2830:Khuiqer 2742:Menkare 2693:Neferka 2677:Pepi II 2599:Userkaf 2493:Sanakht 2316:Anedjib 2296:Hor-Aha 2229:Iry-Hor 2223:Shendjw 2195:Pen-Abu 2079:Hat-Hor 2001:Dynasty 1281:Nubians 1165:Memphis 1157:Nefrusy 1143:pride. 983:Dynasty 968:1550 BC 921:Consort 432:Wḥm-mnw 43:Pharaoh 5446:Argead 5293:Probus 5213:Decius 5208:Philip 5083:Trajan 4811:Argead 4720:Muthis 4673:XXVIII 4653:Xerxes 4521:female 4499:Period 4208:Piankh 4179:Siamun 4049:Siptah 4024:Seti I 3864:Period 3816:Kamose 3750:Snaaib 3720:Abydos 3576:Semqen 3569:Sharek 3521:Sheneh 3501:'Apepi 3496:Bebnum 3451:Nehesy 3271:Sebkay 3191:Sonbef 2988:female 2966:Period 2777:Nikare 2667:Pepi I 2604:Sahure 2557:Khafre 2542:Snefru 2511:Sedjes 2483:Djoser 2409:Senedj 2287:Narmer 2246:Narmer 2128:Wazner 2093:Hsekiu 2065:Ny-Hor 2014:female 1992:Period 1880:  1771:  1510:  1444:  1408:Armant 1404:Karnak 1362:Stelae 1356:Louvre 1317:uraeus 1296:di-ˁnḫ 1288:them." 1218:Avaris 1177:Faiyum 1161:Avaris 1088:Middle 1074:up to 1064:Thebes 1029:Hyksos 999:Theban 995:Kamose 973:Burial 954:Mother 943:Father 792:Kamose 22:Kamose 5299:Carus 5078:Nerva 5068:Titus 5046:Galba 5013:XXXIV 4998:Roman 4777:Arses 4704:Hakor 4623:XXVII 4333:XXIII 3923:XVIII 3883:(male 3613:Apepi 3601:Khyan 3514:Wazad 3282:Wegaf 3216:Iufni 3070:Nubia 2878:Setut 2700:Nefer 2547:Khufu 2505:Khaba 2499:Nebka 2363:Nebra 2291:Menes 2250:Menes 2202:Stork 2165:Upper 2121:Neheb 2114:Thesh 2100:Khayu 2049:Lower 1323:Mummy 1305:Buhen 1242:Atfih 1192:Apopi 1096:Delta 1080:Cusae 781:Nomen 50:Reign 5132:Geta 5051:Otho 5041:Nero 4759:XXXI 4744:Teos 4691:XXIX 4556:XXVI 4541:Late 4518:male 4478:Late 4431:Piye 4400:XXIV 4306:Pami 4256:XXII 3845:and 3761:XVII 3507:Nuya 3176:XIII 2985:male 2947:and 2837:Khui 2734:VIII 2657:Teti 2639:Unas 2524:Huni 2326:Qa'a 2306:Djet 2301:Djer 2209:Bull 2188:Fish 2154:Wash 2135:Mekh 2011:male 1878:ISBN 1769:ISBN 1508:ISBN 1442:ISBN 1369:The 1343:and 1204:Nile 1173:Nome 1153:Nile 1136:Seth 1132:Amun 1120:Kush 1090:and 1008:and 965:Died 4731:XXX 4480:to 4423:XXV 4146:XXI 4011:XIX 3628:XVI 3408:XIV 3256:Hor 3097:XII 2730:VII 2475:III 2311:Den 2107:Tiu 1973:to 1620:in 1570:in 1438:481 938:(?) 927:(?) 5481:: 5441:31 5436:30 5431:27 5426:26 5421:25 5416:24 5406:20 5401:19 5396:18 5391:12 5386:11 4064:XX 3996:Ay 3560:XV 3023:XI 2855:IX 2649:VI 2534:IV 2374:Ba 2350:II 2289:/ 2248:/ 2234:Ka 2086:Pu 1795:^ 1756:^ 1740:. 1607:^ 1591:^ 1579:^ 1518:^ 1482:^ 1440:. 1299:, 1215:in 667:Re 5381:4 5377:3 5374:2 5370:1 2895:X 2732:/ 2591:V 2279:I 2174:A 2142:A 1950:e 1943:t 1936:v 1788:. 1750:. 1450:. 1058:. 960:? 949:?

Index

Sarcophagus of Kamose, Cairo Egyptian Museum
Egyptian Museum
Pharaoh
Reign
Seqenenre Tao
Ahmose I
Royal titulary
Horus name
Nebty name
Golden Horus
Prenomen  (Praenomen)
Re
Nomen
Ahhotep II
Ahmose-Sitkamose
Seqenenre Tao
Ahhotep I
Dra' Abu el-Naga'
17th Dynasty
Theban
Seventeenth Dynasty
Seqenenre Tao
Ahhotep I
Ahmose I
Eighteenth Dynasty
Second Intermediate Period
Hyksos
Ancient Egypt

Flinders Petrie

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