Kamisese Mara - Knowledge (XXG)

1055:. Ethnic Fijians, including Mara, wanted a communal franchise, with parliamentary seats reserved for the different ethnic groups, who would vote on separate electoral rolls. It was believed that this would protect indigenous Fijian rights. Mara also considered that it was in Fiji's interests to avoid direct competition between political candidates from different ethnic groups, fearing that it would lead to social and political upheaval. Most Indo-Fijians rejected this proposal, believing that it would prevent them from obtaining a legislative majority, even though they numbered more than half of the population, and demanded that all Parliamentary seats should be elected by universal suffrage from a common voters' roll. In April 1970, Mara and 1113:, but with 28 of the 52 seats, Mara retained power. Despite the loss of eight seats, the popular vote for the Alliance Party rose to 51.8% – an all-time record. Part of the reason for this paradox lay in the distribution of the vote: the gains in the popular vote occurred mostly because of a swing of almost 10% in the 11 "communal" seats reserved for, and elected exclusively by, Indo-Fijians, but 24% of the Indo-Fijian vote was insufficient to translate into parliamentary seats, and therefore did not effectively offset small but very significant losses in ethnic Fijian "communal" seats. It was therefore a bittersweet election for Mara. 1102: 27: 1262:

Adi Koila Nailatikau, who was one of the hostages. Commodore Bainimarama has defended his role in the incident saying it was "necessary" at the time, and that Mara's resignation was, in fact, voluntary and that he had refused offers of reinstatement. Mara's daughter, Adi Ateca Ganilau (wife of Ratu Epeli Ganilau) appeared to support Bainimarama's claims in a statement on 10 January 2005, saying that her father had resigned and had refused to return because he was upset by the abrogation of the Constitution.

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of ethnic Fijian extremists. In 1996, he publicly apologised to the Indo-Fijian community for his role in the drafting of the 1990 Constitution. Mahendra Chaudhry, the leader of the Indo-Fijian community who in 1999 became Fiji's first Indo-Fijian Prime Minister, said that he did not agree with, but understood, Mara's reasons for acting as he did, and accepted his apology for having done so. Other opponents, both Indo-Fijian and ethnic Fijian, were less forgiving, however.

1063:, met in London and negotiated a compromise. Fijians and Indo-Fijians would be represented equally in the House of Representatives, with 22 seats each; a further 8 seats would be set aside for Europeans and other minorities. About half of the representatives from each ethnic group would be elected only by members of their particular race, while the other half would be elected by universal suffrage. Following this agreement, Fiji became independent on 10 October 1970. 1585:, the chief executive officer of the Prime Minister's Department, rejected the criticism, saying that the government was not financing the book and that its involvement was limited to ensuring that Scarr had access to information sources. He considered that co-operation in the writing of the biography would be a fitting tribute to Ratu Mara, whom he called a great man. The Mara family should discuss any reservations with Scarr himself, Kotobalavu said. 1184:, several Cabinet ministers, and a number of parliamentarians. Speight declared himself Prime Minister, and ordered Mara to step aside as president. Mara refused to negotiate with the plotters, and decided instead to dismiss the kidnapped government and assume emergency powers himself. His move backfired, however. In what politicians called "a coup within a coup," Ratu Mara was whisked away on the naval ship 2208: 1500:, which was spread out over three days (28 to 30 April) saw an estimated 200,000 people – almost a quarter of Fiji's total population – line the streets to pay their last respects to the man they regarded as the father of the nation, in an outpouring of public grief not seen since the death of Mara's presidential predecessor, Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, over a decade earlier. 2057: 124: 1094:, ended up calling on Mara to form a new government. Although unquestionably constitutional, the Governor-General's actions were controversial. Many Indo-Fijians were outraged at what they saw as a deliberate cynical move on his part to keep the government of Ratu Mara, his fellow-chief (and distant cousin) in power at all costs. A 1516:

A one-year period of mourning for the late Chief ended on 13 May 2005, with the close of a series of ceremonies that started on the 9th. Those who had been observing mourning rituals symbolically changed from black clothes into their normal attire. (Members of the Mara family, however, said that they

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confirmed that they had opened an investigation into the events surrounding his departure from office. Mahendra Chaudhry, the deposed Prime Minister, has publicly supported Mara's version of events, and has further alleged that Mara was blackmailed with a threat to kill his daughter, Tourism Minister

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production. Between 1970 and 1987, the sugarcane crop more than doubled, from under 250,000 tonnes to 502,000. The sugar industry continues to be the mainstay of Fiji's economy, and more than 90% of Fiji's sugar is exported. Mara's government led the way in negotiating special preferential marketing

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declared that there was a lot of hearsay and rumours in circulation that would not stand up in a court of law. "Unfortunately we are hitting a brick wall in our investigations at the moment," Koroi said. On 2 May 2005, however, Commodore Bainimarama agreed to make a statement to the police about his

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in the United Kingdom. Mara's character was described as a combination of the forthright and the diplomatic, the inflexible and the dexterous, the imperious and the tolerant. He was known as a strong, imposing personality, but with an ability to forgive his opponents. A convert to Catholicism, Mara

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she said, referring to controversial legislation introduced by the Fijian government in 2005, aimed at establishing a Commission empowered to propose amnesty for coup-convicts. She reiterated her previously stated opposition to the release of coup-perpetrators, saying that he father would not have

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system. Mara defended his role in the post-coup era of 1987 to 1992, arguing that he was doing the best he could in circumstances that he could not fully control, and that it had seemed better at the time to connive in the writing of a discriminatory constitution than to risk civil war at the hands

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led by Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka seriously undermined the social and economic stability, and the international prestige, of Fiji. Mara was recalled to head an interim administration, with a view to restoring Fiji's international reputation and rebuilding the country's shattered economy. In

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in New Zealand, where he studied medicine (1942 to 1945). He never finished his medical studies, because his great-uncle and mentor, Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna (who was then regarded as Fiji's paramount chief), seeking to groom him for future leadership of the nation, arranged for him to study history at

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There were criticisms of his leadership, too, some of which he eventually acknowledged. Many Indo-Fijians criticised him for not doing more to thwart the 1987 coups which removed an Indo-Fijian dominated administration from office, and for giving his consent to a new constitution, drafted in 1990,

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had been involved in the coup. He alleged that they took George Speight to Parliament, and that their senior officers supplied them with weapons, blankets, and food. Mara also declared that the Counter Revolutionary Warfare officers who joined Speight's coup had trained on a farm owned by Rabuka.

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On 29 April 2001, Mara publicly accused the police chief, Colonel Isikia Savua and former Prime Minister, Sitiveni Rabuka, of instigating the coup. In what was to be his last public interview, Mara claimed that George Speight – who was then in custody and has since been convicted of treason – was

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praised him as a man of vision and compassion, who hated lies and lived by the truth. He praised him as a committed Christian who practised what he preached, and who did not differentiate between people but treated all men alike whatever their race or religion. Madraiwiwi called on all Lauans to

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industry. Today, pine plantations, virtually nonexistent 40 years ago, cover close to 480 square kilometres throughout the Fiji Islands, and there is an ongoing programme to further expand area in all parts of the country. Fiji now derives more than $ 40 to 50 million a year in foreign exchange

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to choose the President of the Republic, as well as 14 of the 32 members of the Senate; at the time of his death, he was the longest-serving member of the Council. He remained Chairman of the Lau Provincial Council, a position he had held concurrently with his national offices for many years.

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said that no charges could be brought against Commodore Bainimarama unless it could be proved that he had actually forced the president to resign. On 5 January 2006, Hughes said that Mara's departure from the Presidency was one of seven major cases the police were still working on.

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Police have said they have faced "many challenges" in their investigation, finding many officers uncooperative. On 30 April 2004, the Fijian police said they were closely examining the recording of Mara's last interview, in an attempt to uncover new leads. Police spokesman

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Mara was first educated at Primary in Levuka (Sacred Heart Convent) than to Lau Provincial school before he left for his secondary education in an all boys boarding school in North of Tailevu (Queen Victoria School), he later moved to Marist Brothers High School

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ritual, which lifted taboos in place for the Mara family and the people of the Lau Islands. Mara's son, Ratu Finau Mara, who is widely expected to be named his successor as Tui Nayau, or Paramount Chief of the Lau Islands, was expected to participate in the

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earnings from its forestry sector. Of this total, more than half is from pinewood chips exports. This industry now provides a substantial and increasing source of income to those in rural areas, including especially the indigenous Fijian landowners.

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ruled on 15 November that year that Mara's replacement was unconstitutional and ordered his reinstatement, but Mara, wishing to spare the country further constitutional trauma, officially resigned, with his resignation retroactive to 29 May 2000.

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had a history of strained relations. The marriage proved to be a happy one, however, and in stark contrast to the prevalence of divorce among many of Mara's relatives, it lasted for more than 53 years. They had three sons and five daughters

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reserved for ethnic Fijians in 1953. (There were ten other seats, five reserved for Indians and five for Europeans and other minorities; a further sixteen members were appointed by the colonial Governor). In 1959, Mara was appointed to the

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Convinced of the need to include Indo-Fijians in the government, he proposed a "government of national unity" – a grand coalition with the National Federation Party. The NFP, however, rejected the offer and remained in opposition. In the

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from 1996 to 1998, when he resigned to take up a diplomatic posting. Their second daughter, Adi koila Nailatikau has also followed in her father's footsteps and has served her country as a career diplomat and politician. She was

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that the same government that was working to release from prison persons convicted of offences related to the coup which deposed him, was also promoting an independent biography to be written by Australian academic

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Even in death, Ratu Mara stirred controversy. His state funeral was by no means universally popular, even among his close supporters. Claiming to speak for many of those who had been close to the late president,

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chosen by the Great Council of Chiefs. Following his retirement as Prime Minister, Mara was elected to the Vice-Presidency in June 1992, and became Acting president soon after, when the ailing president Ratu Sir

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in 1963 following the traditional consultation process between the Yavusa Tonga in Sawana, Lomaloma and the Tui Nayau his father. Though the title Tui Lau is not hereditary it has been left vacant by his cousin¹

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On the global stage, Mara was known for his strongly pro-American views. He supported visits to Fijian ports by nuclear-armed United States warships and submarines. He was a close ally of US President

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Sitiveni Rabuka, who led the 1987 coup, surprised many in 1999 when he claimed in an autobiography that he had carried out the coups at Mara's behest. Mara retaliated by suing him for defamation.

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in the Lau Islands. For the 80-year-old president, who was seen as the father of the country and had led it, in one capacity or another, for more than 40 years, it was an anticlimactic end.

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Following his resignation, Mara retired to his native island of Lakeba. He continued to influence politics in Fiji, where democracy was subsequently restored, through his membership of the

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in the United Kingdom. Mara was distressed to abandon his medical studies, but, dependent on Ratu Sukuna for financial support, followed his orders without question, and graduated with an

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Excerpts of this interview were broadcast on 29 April 2001; the full interview was not broadcast until 29 April 2004 – while his body was lying in state in preparation for his funeral.

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Ganilau said. She called for a thorough investigation into the abrogation of the Constitution, and for those who were legal advisers at the time to be answerable for their actions.

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of 1972. Internal divisions within the ethnic Fijian electorate led to the narrow defeat of his Alliance Party by the Indo-Fijian dominated National Federation Party (NFP) in the

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as Second Vice-President; Takiveikata resigned in Mara's favour, and Tavaiqia moved to the post of Second Vice-President to allow Mara to assume that of First Vice-President.

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would continue to wear black for a further three months, until the period of mourning for his wife, Adi Lala, is over). Thousands of people arrived in the chiefly village of

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for a Diploma in Economics and Social Administration, which he was awarded in 1962. In 1973, his old alma mater, Otago University, awarded him an honorary doctorate of laws (

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of government to Fiji in October 1967. The Executive Council was transformed into a modern Cabinet, and its members, who had hitherto been answerable only to the colonial

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The military regime that took over appointed Ratu Josefa Iloilo, who had been Mara's vice-president, to succeed him on 13 July 2000. After the coup had been quashed, the

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on 28 May, where he was allegedly approached by a group of present and former military and police officers and ordered to suspend the Constitution. When he refused,

from the Fonolahi Family of the Yavusa Tonga clan in Sawana. Fonolahi has lineage to the Tongan royalty and was also descended from an English missionary.

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With independence, the office of Chief Minister was renamed Prime Minister, but its functions were substantially unchanged. Mara retained power in

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Mara was survived by his wife, Adi Lala (who herself died on 20 July the same year), and by two sons and five daughters; one son predeceased him.

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to resolve the impasse in September that year, however, appeared to vindicate Cakobau, when the Alliance Party won a record 36 seats out of 52.

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was incapacitated. He assumed the office of President officially when Ganilau died on 16 December of the following year. Modelled on the

1024:. In 1966, he founded the Alliance Party, which, supported overwhelmingly by the ethnic Fijian and European communities (but not by most 2584: 1384: 2644: 1246: 1084: 1076: 809:

from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, as the

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and Adi Elenoa Tuilau Mara Taito two of whom have pursued political careers of their own. Their eldest son, Ratu Finau Mara, was a

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which guaranteed indigenous Fijian supremacy and was widely regarded as racist, even drawing comparisons from some quarters with

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After serving (from 1950) as an Administrative Officer in the Colonial Services, Mara was nominated to one of five seats on the

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Kamisese Kapaiwai Tuimacilai Uluilakeba Mara was born on 6 May 1920, in Sawana, Lomaloma, Vanuabalavu in the archipelago of

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Mara told the programme that within half an hour of Speight's forcible occupation of the Parliament, Rabuka had telephoned

2270: 2247: 1510: 1404: 1207:, are alleged to have asked for, and possibly forced, Mara's resignation. He was subsequently taken to his home island of 1169: 949:. The marriage was initially opposed by some members of Mara's family, as Ro Lala was from a rival dynasty with which the 407: 233: 1493:. He died in Suva on 18 April 2004, from complications arising from the stroke. His state funeral, led by Roman Catholic 1257:

Whether Mara's resignation was in fact forced has been the subject of a police investigation since 21 May 2003, when the

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Mara also played 8 non-first-class matches for Fiji from 1954 to 1956, with his final match for Fiji coming against the

1224: 1118: 1110: 1079:. He tendered his resignation as Prime Minister, but the NFP splintered three days later in a leadership dispute, and a 1072: 1029: 208: 2462: 1572:"On one hand they want to praise him but on the other they are working to free those people who ousted him through the 2559: 1368: 1021: 1004: 114: 41: 35: 2467: 2599: 1598: 1388: 1341:

Yet another significant Mara achievement was his contribution to the negotiations that led to the signing of a new

1139: 1101: 984: 911: 857:, which means "Chief," was hereditary; as the hereditary Paramount Chief of the Lau Islands, he held the titles of 754: 1621: 1060: 1009: 988: 1418: 52: 2389: 1682: 1636: 1327: 1088: 1052: 979: 1239: 1911: 1535: 1462: 1276: 1017: 801: 2554: 2348: 2168: 1817: 1790: 1736: 1705: 1279: 1149: 903: 810: 806: 758: 589: 526: 440: 356: 488: 1335: 1215: 1013: 833: 731: 662: 1961: 1554: 1326:

In the 1960s, Mara led a revolt by Pacific Islands delegates that brought about a restructuring of the

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Over the years, Mara received many honours from around the world. In addition to his knighthood (a

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that he confronted Savua and Rabuka two days after the coup about their possible involvement. "

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Addressing the Lau Provincial Council in Ratu Mara's honour, Fiji's current vice-president,

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Mara, Ratu Sir Kamisese: "The Pacific Way: A Memoir", University of Hawai'i Press, 1997 –

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in 1949. In 1961, he returned to the United Kingdom to pursue postgraduate study at the

2504: 2190: 2077: 1838: 1749: 1659:, golf, athletics, and fishing. Mara is cousins with one of Fiji's famous cricketer's, 1656: 1450: 1387:

in London beginning in 1973. Recognitions from other governments included being made a

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Following his graduation from Oxford University, Mara returned to Fiji and had married

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title in 1969, following the death of his father in 1966. He was earlier installed as

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Partial transcript of Ratu Mara's last interview, with Fiji Television, 29 April 2001

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Official death notice, tributes, and announcement of a state funeral (Heraldsun)

1936: 1610: 1602: 1400: 967: 879: 826: 716: 1614: 1550: 1494: 1486: 1380: 1056: 963: 942: 927: 745: 702: 1990:(1992 to 1997). Tavaiqia was already First Vice-President, serving alongside 1968: 1660: 1478: 1435: 1338:, both associations of Pacific nations, of which Fiji was a founder member. 1297: 950: 922: 865: 841: 672: 123: 2137: 2056: 1371:(KBE), awarded in 1969), his honours from Queen Elizabeth II included the 2508: 1997: 1474: 1242:(the official residence of the president) to offer to form a government. 611: 1411:

at Suva, which was founded with the support of his government. In 2000,

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regime, in gratitude, helped to finance the publication of his memoirs.

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chiefs; like her husband, Ro Lala was a chief in her own right, as the

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Island Business magazine names Mara Pacific Islands Man of the Century

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After the military coups of 1987, Fiji had severed its links with the

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One problem that threatened to delay independence was the failure of

1032:. In preparation for independence, the United Kingdom introduced the 925:, better known as Ro Lady Lala Mara, on 9 September 1950. Her title, 651: 2331:

Field, Michael; Baba, Tupeni; Nabobo-Baba, Unaisi (1 January 2005).

1360:, he never hid the fact that his true sympathies lay there, and the 805:(6 May 1920 – 18 April 2004) was a Fijian politician who served as 1518: 1465:, which not only advised the government but also functioned as an 1392: 1100: 647: 2363:"Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Fiji's First Prime Minister, Dies at 83" 1121:, Mara was finally defeated by a multiracial coalition led by Dr 1020:, which at that time was empowered to appoint two members to the 2216: 2032: 1314: 1192:

he defiantly declared) the group, including the army commander,

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I-Taukei Fijian members of the House of Representatives (Fiji)

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on 8 January 2006. His family was displeased, his daughter

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agreements with nations importing Fijian sugar, through the

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in Fiji's famous 28 run win over them, a match in which he

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I-Taukei Fijian members of the Legislative Council of Fiji

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said that he did not believe that Mara had been involved.

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A brief sketch of Ratu Mara's life (Daily Telegraph) (UK)

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In his two first-class matches Mara scored 64 runs at a

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United Nations International Law of the Sea Convention

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1992, he handed over power to an elected government.

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People educated at Marist Brothers High School, Fiji

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Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire

1235:" said Mara, emphatically rejecting their denials. 764: 744: 724: 683: 668: 658: 643: 626: 605: 600: 579: 569: 553: 543: 524: 512: 502: 484: 470: 447: 430: 406: 383: 373: 354: 344: 332: 318: 299: 283: 267: 255: 241: 206: 190: 174: 154: 134: 85: 2334:Speight of Violence : Inside Fiji's 2000 coup 2610:People educated at Sacred Heart College, Auckland 1125:. His retirement was to be short-lived, however. 1109:The Alliance Party's majority was reduced in the 1051:and Indo-Fijians to agree on a post-independence 2615:Recipients of the Meritorious Service Decoration 1485:, with two of his longtime friends, businessmen 1296:Under Mara's leadership, Fiji became a giant in 1245:Mara said that he was shocked to learn that the 1148:and become a republic, with a president and two 923:Ro Litia Cakobau Lalabalavu Katoafutoga Tuisawau 1624:of 21.33, with a high score of 44. A right-arm 1356:. Although he did not officially recognise the 2495:The end of an era (Islands Business), May 2004 2485:Transcript of ABC Radio report of Mara's death 1613:. After scoring 44 runs against Canterbury he 1389:Grand Master of the Order of the National Lion 1381:Knight Grand Cross of the Pian Order with Star 966:,Adi Litia Cakobau Mara Dugdale and the twins 2153: 2013: 1673:United Oxford and Cambridge Universities Club 1628:bowler, with the ball he took 8 wickets at a 1405:Knight of the Most Venerable Order of St John 813:from 1970 to 1992. He subsequently served as 8: 1521:on the island of Lakeba to take part in the 1449:Not all of Mara's critics were Indo-Fijian. 678:9 September 1950 – 18 April 2004 (his death) 539:20 September 1967 – 10 October 1970 1028:), won a majority of the seats in the 1966 2160: 2146: 2138: 2020: 2006: 1998: 1689: 1352:. Mara was also known for his support for 1168:That crisis came on 19 May 2000, with the 1083:developed. The official representative of 150:Acting: 16 December 1993 – 18 January 1994 122: 82: 16:Fijian former prime minister and president 1538:, was believed to be out of the country. 71:Learn how and when to remove this message 2680:Fijian expatriates in the United Kingdom 2545:Alumni of the London School of Economics 1549:Another controversy was reported by the 1530:at the request of elders from Tubou and 369:10 October 1970 – 13 April 1987 148:16 December 1993 – 29 May 2000 34:This article includes a list of general 2337:. Canberra, ACT : Pandanus Books. 2323: 1899:Head of the Interim Military Government 1134:President of the Republic: 1993 to 2000 999:The making of a statesman: 1950 to 1970 221:2 June 1992 – 15 December 1993 201:Head of the Interim Military Government 1570:. This was contradictory, she said. 1379:, Companion of the Order of Fiji, and 1332:Pacific Islands Producers' Association 1322:International achievements and honours 1105:Mara visiting the United States (1984) 821:Early life and education: 1920 to 1950 466:5 December 1987 – 2 June 1992 1632:of 17.12, with best figures of 4/77. 1040:, were made fully responsible to the 1016:). In 1964, he was received into the 7: 2625:Knights of the Order of Pope Pius IX 2415:The World of Talk on a Fijian Island 1383:(1995). He was also a member of the 1073:the first post-independence election 1067:Prime Minister of Fiji: 1970 to 1992 991:in 1999 and 2000, and served in the 931:, is also hereditary and is held by 314:13 April 1987 – 14 May 1987 1059:, leader of the mainly Indo-Fijian 1247:Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit 1190:("If the Constitution goes, I go," 1180:and kidnapped the Prime Minister, 40:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 2675:Fijian expatriates in New Zealand 1397:Order of Diplomatic Service Merit 866:Tui Nayau kei Sau ni Vanua ko Lau 2665:Leaders of the Opposition (Fiji) 2635:Fijian people of English descent 2550:Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford 2388:Aglionby, John (23 April 2004). 2206: 2055: 1275:own role in Mara's resignation. 1259:Police Investigations Department 25: 2630:Fijian people of Tongan descent 2620:Companions of the Order of Fiji 2500:Details Ratu Mara and his Life. 1579:stood for it if he were alive. 1409:University of the South Pacific 1407:, and became Chancellor of the 1330:. He also helped to launch the 302:Leader of the Opposition (Fiji) 1568:Australian National University 1373:Meritorious Service Decoration 1233:I could see it in their faces, 895:Sacred Heart College, Auckland 1: 2670:Fijian independence activists 2640:Converts to Roman Catholicism 869:in 1969. He succeeded to the 234:Second Vice-President of Fiji 2130:§Head of the military regime 1818:First Vice-President of Fiji 1477:late in 2001 while visiting 1034:Westminster (Cabinet) system 209:First Vice-President of Fiji 1680:He wrote an autobiography, 1395:, Senegal in 1975, and the 2696: 2585:University of Otago alumni 1651:Mara's interests included 1609:in Fiji's 1953/54 tour of 1419:Pacific Man of the Century 1140:Removal of Ratu Mara, 2000 1137: 912:London School of Economics 844:clan of Tubou, Lakeba and 755:London School of Economics 2645:Foreign ministers of Fiji 2520:Swami Rudrananda's impact 2297: 2204: 2128: 2053: 1975: 1966: 1958: 1950: 1941: 1933: 1928: 1918: 1908: 1905: 1891: 1878: 1868: 1856: 1843: 1835: 1825: 1815: 1807: 1797: 1788: 1782: 1774: 1765: 1757: 1743: 1734: 1724: 1712: 1703: 1697: 1692: 1683:The Pacific Way: A Memoir 1663:. He was a member of the 1313:Mara also founded Fiji's 1061:National Federation Party 882:, who had died in 1958. 772: 737:Lusiana Qolikoro (mother) 596: 532: 459: 362: 307: 214: 141: 130: 121: 2390:"Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara" 2299:* interim † military 1988:Ratu Sir Josaia Tavaiqia 1862:As substantive President 1829:Ratu Sir Josaia Tavaiqia 1811:Ratu Sir Josaia Tavaiqia 1768:Leader of the Opposition 1328:South Pacific Commission 1223:only a front, Mara told 980:Fijian Association Party 840:and head of the chiefly 2660:Politicians from Lakeba 2570:Prime ministers of Fiji 2565:Vice-presidents of Fiji 2169:Prime ministers of Fiji 1839:Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau 1546:follow Mara's example. 1463:Great Council of Chiefs 1403:in 1978. He was also a 1092:Ratu Sir George Cakobau 1018:Great Council of Chiefs 962:Adi Asenaca kakua Mara, 897:. He then attended the 393:Ratu Sir George Cakobau 55:more precise citations. 2595:Fijian Roman Catholics 1962:Ratu Tevita Uluilakeba 1912:Lau Provincial Council 1791:Prime Minister of Fiji 1737:Prime Minister of Fiji 1706:Chief Minister of Fiji 1536:Roko Tevita Uluilakeba 1176:forced their way into 1106: 1077:election of March 1977 985:Minister for Transport 904:Wadham College, Oxford 759:Wadham College, Oxford 527:Chief Minister of Fiji 357:Prime Minister of Fiji 2065:President (from 1987) 1104: 1081:constitutional crisis 941:(Paramount Chief) of 834:Tevita Uluilakeba III 732:Tevita Uluilakeba III 223:Serving with 169:Ratu Tevita Momoedonu 2473:30 June 2006 at the 1937:Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna 1676:wrote of his faith: 1543:Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi 1457:Later life and death 880:Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna 811:first Prime Minister 564:Robert Sidney Foster 389:Robert Sidney Foster 91:The Right Honourable 1929:Titles of nobility 1874:As Acting President 1574:Reconciliation Bill 1417:Magazine named him 1336:South Pacific Forum 1277:Police Commissioner 1096:subsequent election 1022:Legislative Council 1005:Legislative Council 995:from 2001 to 2006. 899:University of Otago 817:from 1993 to 2000. 751:University of Otago 489:Josefata Kamikamica 2560:Presidents of Fiji 2351:on 17 August 2021. 2313:Elenoa Mara-Rasova 1922:Ratu Josefa Basulu 1693:Political offices 1566:, formerly of the 1292:Sugarcane industry 1201:Ratu Epeli Ganilau 1127:Two military coups 1107: 425:Mosese Qionibaravi 2600:Fijian cricketers 2516:on CricketArchive 2443:20th Century Fiji 2438:978-0-8248-1893-7 2421:The Years of Hope 2304: 2303: 2135: 2134: 2040:Queen (1970–1987) 1992:Inoke Takiveikata 1983: 1982: 1976:Succeeded by 1951:Succeeded by 1919:Succeeded by 1906:Preceded by 1900: 1895:Frank Bainimarama 1892:Succeeded by 1885:President of Fiji 1882: 1875: 1863: 1857:Succeeded by 1850:President of Fiji 1847: 1826:Succeeded by 1798:Succeeded by 1775:Succeeded by 1752: 1744:Succeeded by 1731: 1730:As Chief Minister 1719: 1718:As Prime Minister 1713:Succeeded by 1700:None (new office) 1671:in Suva, and the 1643:Fiji to victory. 1555:Adi Ateca Ganilau 1467:electoral college 1444:Mahendra Chaudhry 1358:Republic of China 1197:Frank Bainimarama 1182:Mahendra Chaudhry 1170:Fiji coup of 2000 1010:Executive Council 776: 775: 679: 673:Ro Lady Lala Mara 592: 575:None (new office) 443: 384:Governors General 236: 202: 197:Frank Bainimarama 165:Mahendra Chaudhry 136:President of Fiji 81: 80: 73: 2687: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2359: 2353: 2352: 2347:. Archived from 2328: 2217:Republic of Fiji 2210: 2177:Dominion of Fiji 2162: 2155: 2148: 2139: 2059: 2022: 2015: 2008: 1999: 1959:Preceded by 1934:Preceded by 1910:Chairman of the 1898: 1880: 1873: 1869:Preceded by 1861: 1845: 1836:Preceded by 1808:Preceded by 1783:Preceded by 1758:Preceded by 1748: 1729: 1725:Preceded by 1717: 1698:Preceded by 1690: 1593:Mara played two 1583:Jioji Kotobalavu 1473:Mara suffered a 1240:Government House 1172:. Gunmen led by 1119:election of 1987 1089:Governor-General 1014:cabinet minister 972:Cabinet Minister 960:Koila Nailatikau 938:Roko Tui Dreketi 846:Lusiana Qolikoro 804: 695:Koila Nailatikau 677: 633: 622:, British Empire 601:Personal details 587: 582: 572: 537: 515: 505: 464: 450: 438: 433: 421:David Toganivalu 367: 347: 335: 319:Governor General 312: 286: 270: 258: 232: 219: 200: 193: 177: 157: 146: 126: 83: 76: 69: 65: 62: 56: 51:this article by 42:inline citations 29: 28: 21: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2685: 2684: 2525: 2524: 2475:Wayback Machine 2459: 2411: 2410: 2400: 2398: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2372: 2370: 2369:. 19 April 2004 2361: 2360: 2356: 2345: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2320: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2293: 2211: 2202: 2171: 2166: 2136: 2131: 2124: 2060: 2051: 2035: 2026: 1979: 1972: 1964: 1954: 1947: 1939: 1924: 1915: 1901: 1897: 1888: 1883: 1876: 1872: 1864: 1860: 1853: 1848: 1841: 1831: 1822: 1813: 1803: 1801:Sitiveni Rabuka 1794: 1786: 1778: 1771: 1763: 1753: 1747: 1740: 1732: 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Retrieved 2395:The Guardian 2393: 2383: 2371:. Retrieved 2366: 2357: 2349:the original 2333: 2326: 2277:Senilagakali 2269: 2246: 2225: 2195: 2185: 2082: 2047:Elizabeth II 1967: 1942: 1909: 1879: 1844: 1816: 1789: 1766: 1735: 1704: 1681: 1677: 1669:Defence Club 1650: 1634: 1619: 1597:matches for 1592: 1581: 1571: 1558: 1548: 1540: 1527: 1522: 1515: 1507: 1491:Joe Ruggiero 1472: 1460: 1448: 1441: 1432:South Africa 1428: 1412: 1366: 1347: 1340: 1325: 1312: 1295: 1272:Mesake Koroi 1268: 1263: 1256: 1244: 1237: 1232: 1221: 1213: 1205:Isikia Savua 1189: 1167: 1143: 1115: 1108: 1070: 1053:Constitution 1046: 1026:Indo-Fijians 1002: 936: 926: 920: 885: 884: 874: 870: 864: 858: 852: 850: 837: 830: 824: 785: 779: 778: 777: 632:(2004-04-18) 616:Vanua Balavu 581:Succeeded by 548:Elizabeth II 534: 514:Succeeded by 474: 461: 449:Succeeded by 396: 378:Elizabeth II 364: 346:Succeeded by 322: 309: 289: 285:Succeeded by 273: 245: 224: 216: 192:Succeeded by 180: 143: 93: 67: 61:January 2013 58: 39: 18: 2540:2004 deaths 2535:1920 births 2427:Pacific Art 2283:Bainimarama 2179:(1970–1987) 2099:Bainimarama 2088:Bainimarama 1637:West Indies 1626:fast-medium 1611:New Zealand 1595:first-class 1401:South Korea 1042:legislature 968:Tevita Mara 717:Tevita Mara 571:Preceded by 504:Preceded by 432:Preceded by 334:Preceded by 269:Preceded by 176:Preceded by 53:introducing 2529:Categories 2318:References 2120:Katonivere 2110:Nailatikau 1973:1969–2004 1948:1964–2004 1889:1994–2000 1854:1993–1994 1823:1992–1993 1795:1987–1992 1741:1970–1987 1710:1967–1970 1607:Canterbury 1551:Fiji Times 1495:Archbishop 1487:Hari Punja 1425:Criticisms 1287:Evaluation 1178:Parliament 1057:Sidiq Koya 964:Finau Mara 943:Burebasaga 765:Profession 746:Alma mater 703:Finau Mara 609:6 May 1920 36:references 2590:Vuanirewa 2580:Tui Nayau 2373:6 January 2259:Momoedonu 2241:Momoedonu 1969:Tui Nayau 1661:I.L. Bula 1641:captained 1557:told the 1479:Port Vila 1436:apartheid 1345:in 1982. 1298:sugarcane 1194:Commodore 951:Mara clan 871:Tui Nayau 842:Vuanirewa 838:Tui Nayau 815:president 768:Economist 669:Spouse(s) 535:In office 471:President 462:In office 365:In office 310:In office 242:President 217:In office 144:In office 2509:Cricinfo 2471:Archived 2401:20 April 2308:See also 2236:Chaudhry 1601:against 1334:and the 1225:Close-Up 1159:Monarchy 1146:Monarchy 1038:Governor 1030:election 734:(father) 684:Children 612:Lomaloma 554:Governor 525:1st 355:1st 300:4th 207:2nd 2575:Tui Lau 2191:Bavadra 2115:Konrote 2078:Ganilau 1944:Tui Lau 1916:?-2004 1871:Himself 1859:Himself 1746:Himself 1727:Himself 1715:Himself 1653:cricket 1589:Cricket 1483:Vanuatu 1249:of the 989:Tourism 875:Tui Lau 860:Tui Lau 725:Parents 585:Himself 544:Monarch 436:Himself 374:Monarch 49:improve 2449: 2436: 2341: 2289:Rabuka 2265:Qarase 2254:Qarase 2231:Rabuka 2105:Iloilo 2094:Iloilo 2072:Rabuka 1978:Vacant 1953:Vacant 1881:Acting 1846:Acting 1785:Vacant 1777:Vacant 1559:Times, 1532:Levuka 1504:Legacy 1475:stroke 1362:Taipei 1354:Taiwan 1209:Lakeba 654:, Fiji 652:Lakeba 639:, Fiji 508:Vacant 485:Deputy 408:Deputy 350:Vacant 38:, but 2197:coups 1772:1987 1657:rugby 1603:Otago 1519:Tubou 1393:Dakar 933:Rewan 648:Tubou 2447:ISBN 2434:ISBN 2403:2024 2375:2022 2339:ISBN 2271:coup 2248:coup 2226:Mara 2186:Mara 2083:Mara 2033:Fiji 1605:and 1599:Fiji 1489:and 1315:pine 1251:Army 1186:Kiro 987:and 974:and 947:Rewa 945:and 916:LL.D 893:and 891:Suva 886:Ratu 854:Ratu 831:Ratu 798:GCMG 781:Ratu 637:Suva 627:Died 606:Born 562:Sir 557:Sir 477:Sir 475:Ratu 399:Sir 397:Ratu 387:Sir 325:Sir 323:Ratu 292:Sir 290:Ratu 276:Sir 274:Ratu 248:Sir 246:Ratu 227:Sir 225:Ratu 183:Sir 181:Ratu 111:GCMG 95:Ratu 2507:on 2031:of 1434:'s 1399:of 1391:in 1227:on 918:). 827:Lau 802:KBE 787:Sir 618:, 588:As 439:As 115:KBE 99:Sir 2531:: 2392:. 2365:. 2285:*† 1820:† 1655:, 1576:," 1481:, 1305:. 1087:, 928:Ro 908:MA 836:, 800:, 796:, 794:CF 791:, 650:, 614:, 113:, 109:, 107:CF 2405:. 2377:. 2279:* 2261:* 2243:* 2161:e 2154:t 2147:v 2101:§ 2090:§ 2074:§ 2021:e 2014:t 2007:v 1685:. 958:, 74:) 68:( 63:) 59:( 45:.

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