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321:’s invasion of Central Asia, during which Alexander built numerous fortresses and cities. Evidence that Kampir Tepe is the same city described by Ptolemy includes not only the dating of the site, but also cartographic evidence, the design of gates, which are an exact architectural match with those discovered in Greece and Turkey; and the discovery of a new coin depicting
137:
104:
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Kampir Tepe’s sanctuary is on a second artificial terrace. It is in the shape of an irregular triangle surrounded by mud brick walls. Seven structures originally thought to be ceramic furnaces were covered by a single false vault. These were two-part altars used to burn sacred plants. They are
442:
Excavation of a terraced house in the southeast part of Kampir Tepe revealed a pit filled with moulds for early
Hellenistic vessels. It is thought that these were ritual items placed here during a sacrifice to the gods. Larger pieces of pottery are also still visible at the site
251:
in the 2nd century AD, and it was one of the most complete Kushan era settlements ever found The ruins which are currently visible belong to the fortifications built by the
Kushans in the 1st-2nd century CE, on top of an earlier Hellenistic plan dating to the 4th century BC.
328:
In stage 2 (235-200 BC), the fortress was reconstructed. New defensive walls were built, each 4m thick, and two square mud brick towers were added. The dating of this period of the city is clear from coin finds linked to the reign of the
350:
405:
The fortress was constructed from rectangular mud bricks. The fortress walls were intersected with rounded towers and gatehouses. The southwest gate complex was built to the same design as the one at
Sillyum,
446:
Many coins have been found at Kampir Tepe. The earliest of these depict the Greek god Apollo, and there are more from the reign of
Euthydemus I. Statuettes of Greek soldiers were also found in Kampir Tepe.
263:. These excavations were held jointly with scientists from France, India, and Japan. They identified three distinct periods of development at Kampir Tepe, the earliest of which began in the 4th century BC.
340:
The third period of construction was towards the end of the 2nd century BC. Evidence for this chronology comes from a combination of written sources, and archaeological-stratigraphic and numismatic data.
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Kampir Tepe was a mud brick city built on an artificial terrace above a river port on the Amu Darya. There was a lighthouse on the edge of the harbour to guide ships across the river.
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Excavations at Kampir Tepe are ongoing, but by August 2019 Rtveladze had amassed enough evidence to announce that Kampir Tepe was the same site described by
Ptolemy as
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244:. The first dig was in the southern part of the citadel and a western suburb of Kampir Tepe. The majority of finds were from the reign of the
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In total, Kampir Tepe was occupied for approximately 400 years. The course of the river then changed, and the inhabitants had to move.
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Construction of the earliest part of the site began in the 4th century BC and included foundations and the fortress. It coincided with
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680:"History of civilizations of Central Asia, v. 2: The Development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations, 700 BC to AD 250"
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There was evidence of older layers below, which warranted further investigation. The large-scale study of Kampir Tepe’s
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layers began in 2000 with the establishment of the
Tokharistan Archaeological Expedition (TAE), led by
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Kampyr Tepe (Alexandria Oxiana) end 4th cent BCE-1st cent CE Hellenistic Port
Storage Pot.
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during a survey of the Amu Darya river bank. Excavations began in 1977, initially led by
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705:"New Data on Ancient Bactrian Body-Armour (In the Light of Finds from Kampyr Tepe)"
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Reconstruction of Kampyr Tepe (Alexandria Oxiana) end 4th cent BCE-1st cent CE.
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656:"Uzbek authorities say Alexandria-Oxiana lost 2,000 years ago re-discovered"
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216:. It is thought to be the lost city of Alexandria on the Oxus described by
17:
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565:"Inside the 'Pompeii of Uzbekistan', Alexander the Great's forgotten city"
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Alexandria on the Oxus - Kampir Tepe: A fortress city on the Oxus shore
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river (known in antiquity as the Oxus) has now changed its course.
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228:
newspaper describes Kampir Tepe as “the
Pompeii of Central Asia.”
2011:
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270:. This claim was previously made by archeologists excavating
236:
Kampir Tepe was first discovered in 1972 by archeologist
618:"The Fortification of Kampir-Tepe: A Reconstruction"
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2208:Populated places established in the 4th century BC
595:. United Kingdom: Bradt Guides Ltd. p. 206.
703:Nikonorov, Valeri P.; Savchuk, Serge A. (1992).
278:, but Kampir Tepe is another possible location.
204:) is an archaeological site located within the
762:
8:
477:(in Uzbek). Tashkent. 2000–2005. p. 93.
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543:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
487:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
392:Kampir Tepe archeological site, Uzbekistan
356:Kampir Tepe Archeological site, Uzbekistan
2080:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
414:similar to those found in the temple of
1927:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
817:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
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346:
298:Kampir Tepe was built in three phases:
2182:Siberian Collection of Peter the Great
563:Ibbotson, Sophie (13 September 2019).
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2213:Former populated places in Uzbekistan
2203:Cities founded by Alexander the Great
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46:Ruins of the fortress of Kampir Tepe
2137:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
474:National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan
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65:
2218:Archaeological sites in Uzbekistan
2132:Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription
1133:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
25:
1543:Desert castles of ancient Khorezm
86:Show map of West and Central Asia
27:Archaeological site in Uzbekistan
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208:of Uzbekistan, near the village
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2142:Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka
1412:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
2177:Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)
2122:Aramaic Inscription of Laghman
622:Bulletin of the Asia Institute
380:Kampir Tepe archeological site
1:
1128:Silk Road transmission of art
2127:Kandahar Aramaic inscription
292:Termez Archaeological Museum
212:, northwest of the city of
2234:
1628:Siypantosh Rock Paintings
591:Ibbotson, Sophie (2020).
201:
2075:Mogao Christian painting
1648:Zarautsoy Rock Paintings
1362:Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen
1352:Merke Turkic Sanctuaries
116:Kampir Tepe (Uzbekistan)
2172:Saksanokhur gold buckle
2060:Hephthalite silver bowl
1937:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa
977:Second Turkic Khaganate
778:History of Central Asia
616:RUSANOV, D. V. (1994).
83:Location of Kampir Tepe
2152:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
1912:Alexandria Prophthasia
937:First Turkic Khaganate
872:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
439:
295:
268:Alexandria on the Oxus
119:Show map of Uzbekistan
1962:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
1337:Karsakpay inscription
792:Mal'ta–Buret' culture
529:Rtveladze, E (2019).
467:[Kampirtepa]
437:
289:
149:Kampir Tepe (Bactria)
1769:Kutlug Timur Minaret
1304:Noin-Ula burial site
1102:Chinese Central Asia
368:Ruins of Kampir Tepe
80:class=notpageimage|
2162:Siberian Ice Maiden
1952:Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan
1367:Petrovka settlement
1097:Soviet Central Asia
1022:Great Seljuq Empire
319:Alexander the Great
242:Galina Pugachenkova
181:37.4105°N 67.0282°E
177: /
152:Show map of Bactria
2112:Buddhas of Bamiyan
2065:Chilek silver bowl
1932:Buddhas of Bamiyan
1608:Obi-Rakhmat Grotto
1397:Talapty Settlement
1183:Filippovka kurgans
1072:Khanate of Bukhara
1032:Khwarazmian Empire
957:Ikhshids of Sogdia
802:Afanasievo culture
684:unesdoc.unesco.org
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206:Surxondaryo Region
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2167:Ai-Khanoum plaque
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2037:
1842:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi
1118:Central Asian art
1092:Russian Turkestan
1087:Chinese Turkestan
987:Abbasid Caliphate
951:Anxi Protectorate
897:Kushano-Sasanians
862:Macedonian Empire
857:Achaemenid Empire
827:Andronovo culture
807:Sintashta culture
483:cite encyclopedia
16:(Redirected from
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2085:Penjikent murals
1706:Kalai Kafirnigan
1593:Koi Krylgan Kala
1402:Turkistan (city)
1387:Steppe Geoglyphs
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2020:Bandian complex
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1862:Tapa-i Kafariha
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1173:Pazyryk burials
1155:Southern Russia
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962:Tokhara Yabghus
867:Seleucid Empire
842:Pazyryk culture
797:Yamnaya culture
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1538:Dalverzin Tepe
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1508:Akchakhan-Kala
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1261:Bezeklik Caves
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337:(230-200 BC).
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1948:
1947:Dasht-e Nawar
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
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1780:
1779:Monjukli Depe
1777:
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1765:
1764:Konye-Urgench
1762:
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1455:Koshoy Korgon
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1227:
1224:
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1221:Kumtura Caves
1219:
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1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1193:Western China
1190:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1178:Salbyk kurgan
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:Arzhan kurgan
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
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1138:Serindian art
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1038:
1037:Mongol Empire
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1027:Ghurid Empire
1025:
1023:
1020:
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1013:
1010:
1008:
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1003:
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975:
973:
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968:
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948:
945:
943:
942:Western Turks
940:
938:
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928:
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923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
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892:Kushan Empire
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
877:Guiyi Circuit
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
852:Median Empire
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Tagar culture
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
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808:
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803:
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734:
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587:
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581:
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569:The Telegraph
566:
559:
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546:
540:
532:
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484:
476:
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397:
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364:
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288:
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279:
277:
273:
269:
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247:
243:
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231:
229:
227:
226:The Telegraph
223:
220:, though the
219:
215:
211:
207:
199:
195:
190:
131:
98:
81:
60:
42:
19:
2094:
2025:Mount Khajeh
1992:Qala-i-Jangi
1972:Khair Khaneh
1877:Khair Khaneh
1784:Namazga-Tepe
1739:Anau culture
1716:Turkmenistan
1633:Tavka Kurgan
1572:
1528:Balalyk Tepe
1445:Burana Tower
1435:Aigyr-Zhal 2
1327:Issyk kurgan
1062:Kart dynasty
1057:Sufi dynasty
1047:Golden Horde
972:Oghuz Yabgus
947:Tang dynasty
912:Hephthalites
837:Uyuk culture
712:
708:
698:
687:. Retrieved
683:
674:
663:. Retrieved
660:akipress.com
659:
650:
625:
621:
611:
592:
572:. Retrieved
568:
530:
472:
465:"Кампиртепа"
459:
445:
441:
412:
404:
401:
398:Architecture
343:
339:
335:Euthydemus I
327:
316:
297:
265:
254:
235:
193:
162:
2117:Kabul hoard
2050:Sokh snakes
2002:Surkh Kotal
1967:Haji Piyada
1942:Darra-e Kur
1907:Yemshi Tepe
1902:Tillya Tepe
1897:Tepe Fullol
1887:Tepe Narenj
1882:Tapa Sardar
1872:Fondukistan
1837:Tapa Shotor
1817:Tepe Fullol
1809:Afghanistan
1638:Toprak-Kala
1623:Shahrukhiya
1573:Kampir Tepe
1563:Itchan Kala
1518:Ancient Pap
1475:Shakh Fazil
1347:Krasnyi Yar
1251:Mogao Caves
1211:Kizil Caves
1147:Archaeology
1012:Farighunids
967:Turk Shahis
907:Alchon Huns
628:: 155–160.
533:. Tashkent.
300:Hellenistic
276:Afghanistan
257:Hellenistic
194:Kampir Tepe
184: /
143:Kampir Tepe
110:Kampir Tepe
72:Kampir Tepe
33:Kampir Tepe
18:Kampyr Tepe
2197:Categories
1997:Rag-i-Bibi
1822:Ai-Khanoum
1754:Gonur Depe
1749:Dev-Kesken
1686:Kafir-kala
1676:Ajina tepe
1658:Tajikistan
1618:Sarmishsay
1603:Kyzyl-Kala
1583:Khalchayan
1568:Kafir-kala
1548:Fayaz Tepe
1533:Burchmulla
1495:Uzbekistan
1485:Tash Rabat
1460:Manas Ordo
1427:Kyrgyzstan
1314:Kazakhstan
1017:Ghaznavids
922:Ustrushana
917:Tocharians
847:Massagetae
689:2020-10-31
665:2020-10-31
593:Uzbekistan
574:2020-10-31
451:References
202:Kampirtepa
172:67°01′42″E
169:37°24′38″N
2043:Artifacts
1917:Aq Kupruk
1867:Mes Aynak
1799:Ulug Depe
1734:Altyndepe
1681:Cyropolis
1671:Penjikent
1643:Varakhsha
1578:Kara Tepe
1523:Ayaz-Kala
1513:Akhsikath
1503:Afrasiyab
1450:Issyk-Kul
1440:Balasagun
1286:Beshbalik
1163:Sintashta
1123:Silk Road
1052:Ilkhanate
1007:Ma'munids
902:Kidarites
729:0578-6967
715:: 49–54.
634:0890-4464
539:cite book
430:Artefacts
408:Pamphylia
272:Ai Khanum
232:Discovery
222:Amu Darya
1977:Mundigak
1957:Firozkoh
1847:Shotorak
1666:Bunjikat
1558:Hazorasp
1382:Shilikty
1372:Boralday
1296:Mongolia
1231:Dunhuang
1002:Samanids
932:Farghana
785:Polities
642:24048772
308:Parthian
1922:Asqalan
1857:Bimaran
1852:Paitava
1794:Togolok
1729:Abiward
1613:Poykent
1598:Koktepe
1465:Navekat
1342:Kerderi
1332:Jankent
1281:Kashgar
1256:Tumshuq
1201:Bulayïq
1111:Culture
927:Khuttal
887:Xiongnu
737:4299868
424:Eleusis
416:Demeter
282:History
218:Ptolemy
210:Shoʻrob
1987:Nagara
1759:Jeitun
1691:Sarazm
1377:Sawran
1322:Begash
1276:Khotan
1271:Loulan
882:Yuezhi
735:
727:
640:
632:
599:
323:Apollo
312:Kushan
310:, and
246:Kushan
214:Termez
1832:Hadda
1588:Khiva
1480:Suyab
1470:Özgön
1407:Urpek
1392:Sumbe
1357:Otrar
1246:Rawak
1236:Miran
1206:Kucha
733:JSTOR
638:JSTOR
469:(PDF)
333:king
198:Uzbek
2012:Iran
1789:Nisa
1774:Merv
1744:Anau
1241:Niya
822:Saka
725:ISSN
709:Iran
630:ISSN
597:ISBN
545:link
489:link
420:Kore
418:and
304:Saka
717:doi
422:in
274:in
2199::
731:.
723:.
713:30
711:.
707:.
682:.
658:.
636:.
624:.
620:.
583:^
567:.
553:^
541:}}
537:{{
497:^
485:}}
481:{{
471:.
426:.
325:.
314:.
302:,
200::
953:)
949:(
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763:t
756:v
739:.
719::
692:.
668:.
644:.
626:8
605:.
577:.
547:)
491:)
306:-
294:.
196:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
