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Disguised as an old woman, she asked some boys herding buffaloes for food. They offered her Pongal made from buffalo milk instead of cow milk. She then requested a lamp lit with sea water. The boys, fearing she was a witch, sought help from the village. When the villagers arrived, Kannagi asked one of the boys to comb her hair, revealing a miraculous sight of 1,000 eyes in her head. She then ascended to heaven, declaring herself as
Kannagi of Poompuhar and instructed the villagers to perform the same ritual each year on the day of Vaikasi. This tradition continues today, with both Sinhalese and Tamils participating in the festival by offering Pongal and lighting sea water lamps. King Gajabahu I recognized Kannagi as Pattini, making her a guardian deity of Sri Lanka for both communities.
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According to folklore, after the burning of
Madurai, Kannagi traveled to Kerala and eventually arrived at the island of Pungudutheevu, near the ancient Manipallavam, now known as Nainativu. She visited approximately 25 sites in Sri Lanka, mostly along the east coast, and finally reached Vattapalai.
202:. Realizing the error, the king committed suicide in shame, after having caused such a huge miscarriage of justice. Kannagi uttered a curse that the entire city of Madurai be burnt. The capital city of the Pandyas was set ablaze, resulting in huge losses. However, at the request of the goddess
103:, their attempt to rebuild their marriage after her unrepentant husband had lost everything, how he is framed then punished without the due checks and processes of justice. Kannagi proves and protests the injustice, then curses the king and city of Madurai, leading to the death of the unjust
962:"), Kulirthi Paaduthal ("Singing Cooling verses") are common rituals of the festival. The festival days differ from temple to temple from three days to seven days. At the end of the festival, the sanctum of Kannaki temple is closed and it will be only opened when the nest Cadangu begins.
380:, offer evidence that Kannaki was praised as a goddess even during the lifetime of Maṇimēkalai, the daughter of Kovalan and Madhavi. Cilappatikāram tells about the Kannaki worship of another Pandyan King "Vetrivel Cheliyan", for relieving the land from the drought and curse of her on
118:
In Tamil folklore, Kannagi has been deified as the symbol – sometimes as a goddess – of chastity, with sculptures or reliefs in Hindu temples iconographically reminding the visitor of her breaking her anklet or tearing her bleeding breast and throwing it at the city.
1360:
and R.K.K. Rajarajan (2012) Dance of Ardhanārī. A Historiographical
Retrospection. In Tiziana Lorenzetti and Fabio Scialpi eds. Glimpses of Indian History and Art. Reflections on the Past, Perspectives for the Future. Roma: SAPIENZA Università Editrice, pp. 233-270.
1709:
R.K.K. Rajarajan (2012) Dance of Ardhanārī. A Historiographical
Retrospection. In Tiziana Lorenzetti and Fabio Scialpi eds. Glimpses of Indian History and Art. Reflections on the Past, Perspectives for the Future. Roma: SAPIENZA Università Editrice, pp.
179:
and had an affair with her, which prompted him to spend all his wealth on the dancer. At last, penniless, Kovalan realized his mistake and returned to his wife, Kannagi. Kovalan hoped to recoup his fortunes by trading in
1394:
R.K.K. Rajarajan (2016) Masterpieces of Indian
Literature and Art - Tears of Kaṇṇaki: Annals and Iconology of the ‘Silapathikaram ’. Sharada Publishing House, New Delhi. Pages xix + 412, photos 143,
1403:
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Kannaki is mainly praised once in a year during the
Vaikasi month (May–June) of Tamil Calendar in Batticaloa and Ampara Districts. The Festival is called Catangu and Katavu Tirattal.
450:, which was the former capital of Cheras, remembers its ancient interaction with the Kannaki cult in its Sthala Puranam. Though the deity of the temple is still observed as
1348:
R.K.K. Rajarajan (2016) Dance of Ardhanārī as Pattinī-Kaṉṉaki: With special reference to the
Cilappatikāram. Berliner Indologische Studien, Berlin, Vol. 13/14, pp. 401-14.
1696:
R.K.K. Rajarajan (2000) Dance of Ardhanārī as Pattinī-Kaṉṉaki: With special reference to the
Cilappatikāram. Berliner Indologische Studien, Berlin, Vol. 13/14, pp. 401-14.
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https://www.academia.edu/30222114/Masterpieces_of_Indian_Literature_and_Art_-_Tears_of_Ka%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87aki_Annals_and_Iconology_of_the_Cilappatik%C4%81ram_
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The
Kannagi cult was especially popular among the coastal folk who considered her as their guardian deity since she was the daughter of a rich sea trader of
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still preserves the
Kannaki cult in its own form. The [Sinhalese praise her as Pattini. Their stories of that goddess also differ from those of the
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Richard Francis Gombrich, Richard Gombrich, Gananath Obeyesekere (1988) "Buddhism Transformed: Religious Change in Sri Lanka" pp.30,31
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Although the hierophant of Kannaki is fully transformed into the Bhagavati and Mariamman cult in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, respectively,
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996:. She was born as a mango in the garden of the Pandyan king. She was neglected by him and kept in a boat at sea and grew up in
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and so many Bhagavathy temples are believed to be located on the journey of Kannaki to Chera Nadu after the burning of Madurai.
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directed by R.S Mani released in 1942. This was the first Tamil film based on the epic Silapadhigaaram. A similar movie named
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395:. Cilappatikāram states that Mariamman is none other than Kannaki by stating that Kannaki burnt Madurai on the Friday of the
322:, she is eulogized as the epitome of chastity and is worshiped as a goddess in select regions. She is worshiped as a goddess
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Gananath Obeyesekere (1990) "The Work of Culture: Symbolic Transformation in Psychoanalysis and Anthropology" p.28,46,129
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https://www.academia.edu/2955548/Dance_of_Ardhanari_as_Pattini-Kannaki_with_special_reference_to_the_Cilappatikaram
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1000:. She eventually slew the evil Pandyan king and was hired as one of the guardian gods of Lanka by the Buddha.
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Kannagi came to the king's court, broke open the anklet seized from Kovalan and showed that it contained
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https://www.academia.edu/3740760/Dance_of_Ardhan%C4%81r%C4%AB._A_Historiographical_Retrospection
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Sri Lankan beliefs on Kannaki are intermediate to Cilappatikāram and common Sri Lankan Beliefs.
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1045:"horn play" are the main three aspects of the Pattini cult. There are well-known devales at
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Temples as Kannaki was considered as a ln incarnation of Shakti by the activists of
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are the other few temples where their connection with Kannaki is still remembered.
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99:. Kannagi is described as a chaste woman who stays with her husband despite his
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to death. The society that made her suffer suffers in retribution as the city
1521:"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka" (2004)Volumes 47-48, p.86
905:, recited in eastern Kannaki Amman temples, is believed to be written by the
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Superdiverse Diaspora: Everyday Identifications of Tamil Migrants in Britain
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Kannagi was the daughter of the merchant and ship captain Manayakan from
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1237:. Columbia University Press. pp. 318–327 with note 86 on page 366.
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Tamils praises her as "Kannakai Amman". There are so many evidences in
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month. which is identified as the month of Mariamman's veneration in
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Kingdom. (1747 - 1782) according to the request of Upali Thera, a
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1494:"The journal of Asian studies - Volume 49, Issues 1-2" (1990)p.88
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897:. The author of the Sri Lankan epic on Kannaki equivalent to the
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931:. The remaining temples of Kannaki were transformed into Agamic
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350:. Keralites believe Kannaki to be an incarnation of the goddess
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Biju Mathew (2013)Pilgrimage to Temple Heritage pp.50,51,62,292
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The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 111, Issues 13-25 p.33
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confirms that Kannaki was also popular during the rule of the
61:
This article is about a legendary person. For other uses, see
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Kannaki Amman's worship involves her identification with the
1117:. The role of the goddess Paththni or Kannagi was played by
1532:"Presidency College ground ideal for Kannagi statue: panel"
1484:. University of Jaffna: Thillimalar Ragupathy. p. 217.
1671:
The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India
943:
movement of 19th Century in Jaffna in the leadership of
167:, whose family were sea traders and had the sea goddess
1591:"On Marina beach, Karunanidhi keeps date with Kannagi"
1459:
Chummar Choondal (1980) "Kerala Folk Literature", p.37
1564:"Kannagi statue to be reinstalled on Jun 3: Governor"
1481:
Early Settlements in Jaffna: An Archaeological Survey
1423:
T. Madhava Menon(2000), "A Handbook of Kerala" p.229
1302:. Chennai: Macmillan India Limited. pp. 16–19.
198:, as opposed to the queen's anklets which contained
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919:. Since most of the coastal folk were converted to
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90:woman who forms the central character of the Tamil
32:
410:, still commemorate the goddess as Kannaki Amman.
1258:Huskin, Frans Husken; Meij, Dick van der (2013).
927:, most of the Kannaki shrines became churches of
1432:Silappatikaram, Katturai Kaathai, Line 133-136
1191:
1886:
1743:
1234:The Tale of an Anklet: An Epic of South India
1204:E.T. Jacob-Pandian (1977). K Ishwaran (ed.).
1162:E.T. Jacob-Pandian (1977). K Ishwaran (ed.).
115:is burnt to the ground because of her curse.
8:
184:and selling the precious anklet of Kannagi.
1260:Reading Asia: New Research in Asian Studies
1088:holding her anklet, depicting a scene from
430:The Kannaki cult, perhaps initiated by the
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1736:
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1643:"Pathini Sinhala Film by Sunil Ariyaratne"
1300:Myths and Legends from India - Great Women
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135:. A more extended version appears in the
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438:, is still preserved in the form of the
1618:"Kannagi's statue adorned Marina Beach"
1540:. Chennai. 16 June 2002. Archived from
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127:The Kannagi story first appears in the
863:Places Visited by Kannagi in Sri Lanka
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187:Madurai was ruled by the Pandyan king
29:
1478:Ph.D. Ragupathy, Ponnampalam (1987).
1003:The grant festival of Sri Lanka, the
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163:. She marries the son of Macattuvan,
107:, who had wrongfully put her husband
7:
1287:. Annamalai University. p. 185.
1285:Buddhism as Expounded in Manimekalai
1207:Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977
1165:Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977
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473:Thambiluvil Sri Kannaki amman temple
412:Mathura Kaliamman Temple, Siruvachur
1007:, initially included only Kannaki,
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338:, and as Kodungallur Bhagavati and
239:Representation of a deified Kannaki
1210:. Brill Academic. pp. 56–61.
1168:. Brill Academic. pp. 56–59.
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1616:Tiwari, Binita (23 August 2007).
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489:Vattappalai Kannaki Amman Kovil
408:Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvottiyur
406:However, several temples, like
1113:was released on 5 May 2016 in
651:
358:and attained salvation in the
334:, and as Kannaki Amman by the
175:. Later, Kovalan met a dancer
1:
1723:All about Kannaki and Pattini
1328:. Springer. 31 October 2019.
360:Kodungallur Bhagavathy Temple
58:Protagonist of Cilappatikāram
2397:Characters in Silappatikaram
1414:Silappatikaram, Vanji Kantam
1065:Kodungallur Bhagavaty temple
1021:Kirti Sri Rajasinha of Kandy
992:and see her as an avatar of
1589:Menon, Jaya (16 May 2006).
1383:Bubbling over with devotion
954:(Planting Wedding Pillar),
416:Mangala Devi Kannagi Temple
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1381:Shankar Radhakrishnan HAI
1262:. Routledge. p. 119.
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1283:Kantacāmi, Cō Na (1978).
958:(Reciting the verses of "
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18:Kannagi (Tamil mythology)
2350:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
458:Attukal Bhagavati Temple
63:Kannagi (disambiguation)
1668:Kamil Zvelebil (1973).
1298:Bhanu, Sharada (1997).
1041:"village rituals", and
389:Dravidian folk religion
336:Sri Lankan Tamil people
105:Pandyan king of Madurai
2412:Fictional Tamil people
1231:Iḷaṅkōvaṭikaḷ (1993).
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79:), sometimes spelled
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860:class=notpageimage|
1597:. indianexpress.com
1192:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
966:Sinhalese Buddhists
956:Vaḻakkurai Pāduthal
227:Goddess of Chastity
27:Fictional character
1544:on 25 January 2013
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875:Eastern Sri Lankan
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44:Kannagi Statue in
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1703:978-3-447-05676-2
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1367:978-88-95814-85-8
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1244:978-0-231-07849-8
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1092:was installed on
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1662:Bibliography
1647:. Retrieved
1645:. Sandeshaya
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1621:
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1542:the original
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2334:Mahabharata
2245:Kuladevatas
2024:Vishvakarma
1799:Manimekalai
1136:Vattappalai
923:during the
921:Catholicism
907:Jaffna king
803:Thambiluvil
452:Bhadra Kali
448:Kodungallur
382:Pandya Nadu
377:Maṇimēkalai
356:Kodungallur
299:in form of
281:Neem leaves
253:Affiliation
169:Manimekalai
2391:Categories
2316:Upanishads
2235:Gandharvas
1959:Dattatreya
1804:Masattuvan
1772:Characters
1142:References
1013:Kataragama
994:the Buddha
819:Vatrapalai
723:Veeramunai
401:Tamil Nadu
366:Tamil Nadu
352:Bhadrakali
129:Sangam era
2255:Rakshasas
2125:Mahavidya
2068:Saraswati
2055:Goddesses
1984:Kartikeya
1674:. BRILL.
1627:9 October
1601:9 October
1574:9 October
1548:9 October
1537:The Hindu
1115:Sri Lanka
1110:Paththini
1081:Poompuhar
1071:epic film
1039:Gammaduwa
1035:Polkeliya
986:Sri Lanka
787:Pattimedu
739:Karaitivu
531:Neelapola
479:Sri Lanka
440:Bhagavati
393:Mariamman
346:state of
328:Sri Lanka
265:Bhagavati
204:Meenakshi
85:legendary
2371:Hinduism
2327:Ramayana
2269:Yakshini
2175:Shashthi
2135:Matrikas
2120:Mahadevi
1922:Trimurti
1710:233-270.
1125:See also
1069:A Tamil
1043:ankeliya
929:Our Lady
707:Kalmunai
675:Kallaaru
414:and the
257:Shaktism
101:adultery
2321:Puranas
2309:Atharva
2278:Texts (
2265:Yakshas
2260:Vahanas
2230:Dikpāla
2203:Apsaras
2155:Rukmini
2130:Matangi
2078:Parvati
2073:Lakshmi
2063:Tridevi
1989:Krishna
1969:Hanuman
1964:Ganesha
1954:Chandra
1949:Ashvins
1850:Madurai
1819:Madalan
1814:Kosigan
1789:Madhavi
1784:Kovalan
1779:Kannagi
1107:called
1098:Chennai
1075:Kannagi
972:Pattini
945:Navalar
771:Kolavil
485:Pattini
342:in the
324:Pattini
311:Kovalan
307:Consort
261:Pattini
214:Worship
182:Madurai
177:Madhavi
165:Kovalan
153:Kovalan
113:Madurai
109:Kovalan
83:, is a
81:Kannaki
69:Kannagi
50:Chennai
33:Kannagi
2225:Devata
2218:Danava
2213:Daitya
2208:Asuras
2170:Shakti
2160:Sanjna
2150:Rohini
2110:Shachi
2095:Chhaya
2014:Varuna
2004:Shasta
1994:Kubera
1932:Vishnu
1927:Brahma
1855:Vanchi
1715:
1701:
1678:
1398:
1365:
1352:
1332:
1306:
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1051:Panama
1015:, and
1009:Vishnu
901:, the
659:Eruvil
436:Kerala
426:Kerala
348:Kerala
301:Shakti
277:Anklet
272:Symbol
263:, and
200:pearls
196:rubies
143:Legend
77:கண்ணகி
2304:Yajur
2289:Vedas
2140:Radha
2105:Ganga
2100:Durga
2090:Bhumi
2085:Aditi
2009:Surya
1974:Indra
1937:Shiva
1906:texts
1845:Puhar
1838:Place
1649:2 May
1047:Kandy
1027:from
1017:Natha
941:Saiva
879:Vanni
297:Tiger
288:Mount
161:Puhar
131:poem
88:Tamil
73:Tamil
2357:more
2299:Sama
2280:list
2240:Gana
2186:more
2180:Sita
2165:Sati
2145:Rati
2115:Kali
2035:more
2029:Yama
2019:Vayu
1999:Rama
1979:Kama
1944:Agni
1914:Gods
1904:and
1713:ISBN
1699:ISBN
1676:ISBN
1651:2016
1629:2011
1603:2011
1576:2011
1550:2011
1396:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1350:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1304:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1212:ISBN
1170:ISBN
935:and
877:and
487:and
370:the
293:Lion
123:Text
92:epic
2294:Rig
1763:by
1402:.
446:at
434:of
418:in
397:Ādi
330:in
326:in
318:As
295:or
171:as
2393::
2267:/
1620:.
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1184:^
1150:^
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1103:A
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71:(
65:.
20:)
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