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consents if Honzō's head is brought to her as a wedding gift. Honzō unexpectedly appears, insults
Yuranosuke and Rikiya as debauchees, provoking Yuranosuke's wife to attack him with a lance. Honzō disarms and pins her, when Rikiya enters and stabs Honzō with the discarded lance – just as Honzō planned.
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style, a standard short act written poetically, describing the gloomy thought of Konami, daughter of Honzō and fiance of Rikiya, as she travels with her mother to Rikiya and
Yuranosuke's house. They hope the marriage will be carried out, though all presume it was broken off when Rikiya and Yuranosuke
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The kabuki adaptation appeared shortly after the puppet play did in Osaka and Kyoto, and soon was being performed by three companies in Edo. It is "only intermittently faithful" and frequently cuts entire acts. The saved time is available for a lengthier 11th act, with a sequence featuring a duel on
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Keene 1971 17: "Yuranosuke is probably the greatest role in all of
Japanese drama. Famous actors have confessed their inability to display adequately all the different moods required by the seventh act. The actor must, for example, somehow convey intense repugnance while eating the octopus, even as
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At Kanpei's home, his wife and mother-in-law await the return of the old man; their money will enable Kanpei to become a samurai again. But he has yet to return when the pimp comes to claim Kanpei's wife. While the pimp argues with them and describes his transaction with the old man, Kanpei arrives
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Just then, Kudayū interrupts and accuses
Yuranosuke of being wanton as a deceptive stratagem. But seeing Yuranosuke casually break a taboo and eat octopus on the anniversary of En'ya's death, and looking at how rusty his sword is, Kudayū is almost convinced – but he hides under the veranda to
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Keene 1971 8; "...we may infer that Takeda Izumo planned and supervised the entire play and wrote most of the important acts, the sixth, ninth, fourth, and first. Miyoshi Shōraku probably wrote the least important, the second, tenth, and eleventh acts." Keene sources this evaluation of importance
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After an interlude in which a minor retainer of En'ya, Kanpei, gives into temptation to leave his post with his lover, Wakasanosuke arrives. When
Wakasanosuke encounters Moronao, Moronao's attitude is so welcoming and apologetic that Wakasanosuke confusedly abandons his murderous intentions - as
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Konami arrives at
Yuranosuke's house, and her mother asks Yuranosuke's wife to permit the marriage's consummation. She is rebuffed because of Honzō's bribery of Moronao and restraining En'ya from killing him. The mother and daughter resolve to commit seppuku, impressing Yuranosuke's wife, who
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En'ya sends his retainers a message that he and
Moronao have been charged with the welcoming of Tadayoshi the next day. Wakasanosuke, aware of Moronao's rejection, tells his fellow retainer Honzō of his plan to assassinate Moronao before Moronao can attack or provoke their master En'ya. Honzō
623:. The conversation reveals that Yuranosuke and the others did not immediately assault Moronao's extremely well guarded mansion, but dispersed peacefully, and that Yuranosuke & his son have fallen into decadent seeking of pleasure. Kanpei mentions rumors he has heard that 40 or so of the
360:"Sagisaka Bannai, for example, is a comical character in the third act, but by the seventh act there is hardly a trace left of his comicality, and at the end of the play the triumph of the loyal retainers is climaxed by killing Bannai, as if he, rather than Moronao, were the chief villain.
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En'ya's chief retainer, Yuranosuke, rushes in just as En'ya is pulling the dagger across his stomach; En'ya charges him with seeking vengeance. Yuranosuke orders the men to not commit seppuku nor barricade the mansion and die fighting the shogunate, but likewise to seek vengeance.
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Angered, Moronao takes exception to En'ya's tardiness and begins mercilessly insulting & verbally abusing En'ya. Provoked beyond his limits, En'ya draws and slashes
Moronao. He does not kill Moronao as he is held back by Honzō (who hopes to lessen En'ya's punishment).
802:'s mission is explained, they applaud and return home. Moronao is soon captured and hacked to death by all the men, Yuranosuke striking first. They offer up his head with incense to En'ya's memorial tablets and withdraw to En'ya's family temple to await their fates.
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No sooner has
Sadakurō hidden the body and counted the money than he is accidentally shot by Kanpei, hunting a boar. Kanpei does not see clearly the body in the dark, but takes the money as a gift from heaven and hurries home with his donation to find the other
476:"The same holds true of a country at peace: the loyalty and courage of its fine soldiers remain hidden, but the stars, though invisible by day, at night reveal themselves, scattered over the firmament. Here we shall describe such an instance ..."–Narrator
239:), a standard topic of plays. It was shut down by the authorities, and is thought to have been a disguised version of the recent events. Perhaps because of the touchiness of authorities, kabuki companies did not attempt any further plays on the subject.
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It has been argued that in reality, En'ya was undeserving of loyalty as he was arrogant & hot-tempered and
Moronao was a good man who helped the peasants on his land - thus further emphasizing the unconditional nature of Yuranosuke and the other
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arrive, and tell how they inspected the body of the old man more carefully - he had died of a sword, not a gun. But it is too late for Kanpei. Impressed by his dying sincerity, they accept the donation and allow Kanpei to sign in blood the written
798:(the dead Kanpei making 47) stage an amphibious assault with rowboats. A party scales the walls, captures the nightwatchman, and open the front & back gates. A fierce battle ensues. The neighboring mansions attempt to interfere, but when the
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visit to inquire about the preparations. Later, he is surrounded by dozens of police who threaten to kill his son if he doesn't confess. The merchant scorns them and makes to strangle his son. Yuranosuke bursts out: it was a test, and the
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Keene 1971 17: "The 'debunkers' of traditional history who have asserted that En'ya (Asano), far from being a noble samurai, was avaricious and cruel , only makes us marvel all the more at the unswerving loyalty of the forty-six
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Tadayoshi summons En'ya's wife, for as a maiden in the imperial palace, she saw the helmet presented to Yoshisada. She verifies the correct choice. As the conference ends, Moronao, who has been tutoring En'ya's wife in classical
677:"It's quite true that I felt a certain amount of indignation - about as big as a flea's head split by a hatchet – and tried forming a league of 40 or 50 men, but what a crazy notion that was! ... Oh, when I hear the
428:& loyalty, as exemplified by its protagonist, the chief retainer of the dead lord, Yuranosuke. The retainers seek revenge for their lord even though they know no good will come of it, as Yuranosuke admits in Act 7:
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categorically denies this: the meetings and solicitations are for the charitable purpose of raising funds for a fitting memorial for En'ya's grave. Kanpei resolves to acquire money to donate towards the memorial.
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Keene 1971 26; "...it gives expression to the craving for excitement, color, and even violence that's the counterpart to the austere restraint and understatement more commonly held up as being 'typically'
1122:. And if it is true...that Moronao (Kira), unlike the mean En'ya, was unusually generous to the peasants on his land, building waterworks for their benefit at his own expense, it is further proof that the
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a bridge; as well, the kabuki theater could use a revolving stage to switch between scenes of the siege in Act 9. The short sequence with the highwayman Sadakurō has been developed into an elaborate
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A Chinese translation appeared by 1794, and translations into English, French, and German by 1880 - making it 'probably the first work of Japanese literature to be translated' - and a play by
412:, performance of Chūshingura was banned "because it glorified militarism and was feudalistic in its insistence on such outmoded concepts as honor and loyalty"; later in 1960, members of the
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Keene 1971 16; "In this one act Yuranosuke has assumed many guises, but his every motion has been governed by his sense of loyalty and his awareness of the importance of his mission."
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Honzō finds Moronao at Tadayoshi's palace, and delivers his handsome bribe in the guise of thanks for etiquette instruction. Moronao accepts it and invites Honzō to an audience.
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are also there on a similar mission: when Yuranosuke disavows revenge, they plan to kill him as a warning to the others not to waver. But they decide to let him sober up first.
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to commemorate his victory. Its chief trophy will be the helmet of the dead Yoshisada, but there is confusion as to which of the 47 helmets found by his body is really his.
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Outside, Kanpei hears the commotion and rushes to the back gate, only to realize his failure as a samurai: he dallied and was not there when his master needed him.
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757:, Acts 9–11 of the Kanadehon Chūshingura with act nine at top right, act ten at bottom right, act eleven, scene 1, at top left, act eleven, scene 2 at bottom left
521:, a mistake would be embarrassing, and there were many loyal retainers descended from the Genji anyway. En'ya and Wakasanosuke support the helmet's preservation.
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are impressed. They will use his shop name as a password. (Of course, since he was born a merchant, he cannot join the raid no matter how much he sacrifices.)
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afterwards. either way, it was certain death. It was like taking expensive medicine, then hanging yourself afterwards because you couldn't pay for the cure."
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Keene 1971 14: "From the moment of this superb entrance, Yuranosuke is unmistakably the hero of the play, and his particular virtue, loyalty, is its theme."
517:, Lord Moronao (Kira), Wakasanosuke, and Lord En'ya (Asano). Moronao objects to preserving the helmet, even though Yoshisada was a noble descendant of the
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Keene 1971 10; "...as yet no attempt has been made to determine the authorship on the basis of stylistic features or characteristic plot techniques."
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in his wallet, earned by selling his daughter – Kanpei's wife – to a brothel. He is accosted and then killed by Sadakurō the highwayman.
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While waiting, Yuranosuke receives a letter from Kaoyo to the effect that Moronao is leaving for the provinces and they will need to strike soon.
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The same holds true of Rikiya; the blushing young man of the second act is so unlike the resolute hero of the ninth act as to require two actors."
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Again, Kakogawa Honzō fawningly offers bribes to Moronao in the third act by no means appears the same man as the heroic Honzō of the ninth act...
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criticized performances of Chūshingura overseas by traveling kabuki companies over similar fears that it would give foreigners misleading ideas
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and Chūshingura, but these two most popular plays of their respective theaters are both quintessentially Japanese, and both are masterpieces."
615:, Acts 5–8 of the Kanadehon Chūshingura with act five at top right, act six at bottom right, act seven at top left, act eight at bottom left
471:, Acts 1–4 of the Kanadehon Chūshingura with act one at top right, act two at bottom right, act three at top left, act four at bottom left
432:"I realized when I thought about it calmly that if we failed in our mission our heads would roll, and if we succeeded we'd have to commit
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841:, a reference to how the 47 participants match the 47 symbols of the kana; the symbolism is often employed, "especially in the last act"
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the loyalty of his men by the sterling administration of his fief. The whole point of the play is the unconditional nature of loyalty."
67:
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Yuranosuke in this speech is cloaking his true intentions, as he must constantly through the play, rendering him a challenging role.
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Keene 1971 8; "If a few guesses may be allowed, it seems likely that Izumo wrote the sixth and seventh acts, and Senryū the third."
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En'ya is placed under house arrest. The retainers and women discuss his fate, and En'ya's wife, Kaoyo, reveals Moronao's motives.
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It was an instant success, and was quickly imitated countless times, with variants coming out annually between 1706 and 1748.
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applauds the plan, suggests that Wakasanosuke take a nap first, and immediately departs to find Moronao first to bribe him.
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theater since the kabuki actors frequently departed from the texts to invent parts and aggrandize their own roles; however,
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701:, which changed its name to the disguised name in this play). He intends to learn whether Yuranosuke is indeed dissipated.
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with the tell-tale wallet. He is accused of murdering his father-in-law, and because it was dark, even Kanpei believes it.
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poetry, presses upon her a love letter. She rejects it entirely, and Moronao is embittered with hatred for En'ya.
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s envoys arrive with En'ya's sentence: seppuku, confiscation of En'ya's estate, and the reduction of his men to
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Likely Izumo conceived the overall plot and write acts 1, 4, 6, & 9; Shōraku likely wrote 2, 10, and 11.
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Unfortunately, when En'ya arrives, he comes bearing a note from his wife to Moronao; it is a poem from the
256:(the 14th century); the third act appeared in another puppet play, and was ostensibly about the historical
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The multiple authorship may be responsible for some of the shifts characters undergo during the 11 acts:
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Keene 1971 26; "It would be hard to imagine two works for the theater more dissimilar than the Nō play
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Kanpei, long after the expulsion, has become a hunter. One rainy day, he meets on the highway a fellow
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is loading onto a ship his highly illegal cargo: more than 40 sets of samurai armor and weapons. 2
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Honzō provides the ground plans for Moronao's mansion and expires, having atoned for his prudence.
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271:. The use of Moronao's name for Kira and many of the other renamings would be copied in the later
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was so successful that it was almost immediately adapted for the kabuki theater as well.
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puppet play composed in 1748. It is one of the most popular Japanese plays, ranked with
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spy on the letter, to make sure. He is shortly stabbed to death by Yuranosuke.
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Keene suggests that Acts 6 & 7 be assigned to Izumo, and Act 3 to Senryū.
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performed an English-language version of the play in 2001, directed by Mr.
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While Kanpei gives his account of events, he commits seppuku. His fellow
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he banters with Kudayū, who is intently observing his expression."
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Later, an old man comes along the road with the large sum of 50
229:. Two weeks later, a kabuki play opened in Edo. It was entitled
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The names of only 45 are given; an apparent error. Keene 172
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which indicates her definitive rejection of Moronao's love.
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The general story has been depicted in many mediums such as
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were uninterested in anything by the claims of loyalty..."
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Note the number of helmets is the same as the number of
48:
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Keene 1971, p. 6, citing pg 134 of Matsushima Eiichi,
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These identifications are tentative, and not based on
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playing like that, I just can't resist."—Yuranosuke
424:The chiefest theme of Chūshingura is the code of
751:The Monster's Chūshingura (Bakemono Chūshingura)
697: – Yuranosuke's favorite haunt (in reality
609:The Monster's Chūshingura (Bakemono Chūshingura)
465:The Monster's Chūshingura (Bakemono Chūshingura)
301:Early materials listed the authors in order as:
286:region where censorship was reportedly lighter,
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1218:Chūshingura: The Treasury of Loyal Retainers
685:Kudayū, now a spy for Moronao, arrives at a
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53:introducing citations to additional sources
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627:are conspiring to kill Moronao. The other
328:, in his analysis & anecdotal history
233:("Night attack at dawn by the Soga "; see
1372:Tales of the Unusual: "Samurai Cellular"
1220:. Translations from the Asian Classics.
43:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1332:Chūshingura: Hana no Maki, Yuki no Maki
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246:wrote a three-act puppet play entitled
1292:Chūkon giretsu: Jitsuroku Chūshingura
870:, 'The Treasury of Loyal Retainers'."
388:The Australian National University's
332:(1803), implies that authorship was:
7:
1013:, Tokyo, Kazama Shobō (1963), pg 593
1308:Akō Rōshi: Ten no Maki, Chi no Maki
773:The merchant Gihei of the port of
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36:relies largely or entirely on a
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1011:Jōruri Ayatsuri Shibai no Kenkū
755:Princeton University Art Museum
613:Princeton University Art Museum
469:Princeton University Art Museum
118:The Treasury of Loyal Retainers
990:, Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten (1964)
242:In 1706, the great playwright
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164:During this portion of the
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1222:Columbia University Press
278:Three years later in the
215:On 20 March 1703, the 46
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509:s brother & deputy,
330:Chūshingura Okame Hyōban
16:1748 bunraku puppet play
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64:"Kanadehon Chūshingura"
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339:Shōraku: 2 & 10
324:The fiction author
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1089:Keene 1971 108-109
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38:single source
34:This article
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1491:Kabuki plays
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1067:Keene 1971
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868:Chūshingura
862:Keene 1971
850:Keene 1971
829:Keene 1971
812:Chūshingura
290:premiered.
288:Chūshingura
273:Chūshingura
211:Chūshingura
205:Composition
174:Chūshingura
1496:1748 plays
1475:Categories
1399:Television
1207:References
880:Japanese."
394:Shun Ikeda
351:stylometry
297:Authorship
244:Chikamatsu
166:Edo period
75:newspapers
1431:Akō Rōshi
1407:Akō Rōshi
1324:Akō Rōshi
891:Matsukaze
726:michiyuki
390:Za Kabuki
342:Senryū: 4
154:Matsukaze
149:Matsukaze
45:talk page
1380:47 Ronin
1356:47 Ronin
1216:(1971).
1182:naginata
806:See also
687:teahouse
679:samisens
515:Kamakura
497:Hachiman
253:Taiheiki
183:prints.
794:The 46
730:became
689:in the
434:seppuku
426:bushido
258:samurai
223:by the
221:seppuku
200:History
181:ukiyo-e
140:bunraku
125:仮名手本忠臣蔵
89:scholar
1442:(2001)
1434:(1979)
1426:(1974)
1418:(1971)
1410:(1964)
1391:(2015)
1383:(2013)
1375:(2000)
1367:(1994)
1359:(1994)
1351:(1978)
1343:(1965)
1335:(1962)
1327:(1961)
1319:(1958)
1311:(1956)
1303:(1941)
1295:(1928)
1228:
1137:earned
833:; the
790:Act 11
769:Act 10
579:shōgun
504:shōgun
482:shōgun
404:After
226:shōgun
187:Kabuki
170:kabuki
160:Medium
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1450:Other
1284:Films
1272:rōnin
1159:rōnin
1124:rōnin
1120:rōnin
818:Notes
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796:rōnin
784:rōnin
779:rōnin
775:Sakai
738:Act 9
732:rōnin
719:Act 8
706:rōnin
672:Act 7
661:rōnin
651:Act 6
645:rōnin
629:rōnin
625:rōnin
621:rōnin
596:Act 5
586:rōnin
582:'
570:Act 4
542:Act 3
533:Act 2
519:Genji
507:'
452:Act 1
446:rōnin
284:Osaka
280:Kyoto
217:rōnin
144:Zeami
96:JSTOR
82:books
1226:ISBN
1188:yari
839:kana
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695:Gion
577:The
527:waka
502:The
480:The
420:Plot
194:mime
68:news
1185:or
837:is
693:of
637:ryō
146:'s
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