34:
740:). There are also some examples of words that have an accent in standard Japanese becoming non-accented. This ‘non-accenting’ has also recently been observed in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Below are some examples of words that do not have a pitch accent in some Kanagawa dialects (stress is indicated by bold).
226:. It is sometimes considered difficult to identify a dialect that is strictly unique to Kanagawa. This is due, in part, to its close similarity to other West Kanto dialects, particularly in areas that border other prefectures. For example, the southern Ashigara area shares features with east
1018:(よ ぉ) and have an atypical intonation. Due to sometimes being perceived as rude or improper, some schools have encouraged students to avoid using these particles. Like many other Kantō dialects, polite speech is seldom used in Kanagawa dialects. The word
186:. As there is no single unified dialect throughout the prefecture, it is a collective term, with some of the regional dialects spoken including: the Sōshū dialect (used for areas that were formerly part of
2790:
242:, share numerous traits with the dialects of these respective areas. Like many other parts of Japan, traditional dialects in Kanagawa are declining under the influence of
2641:
309:
Below are the dialect sub-divisions proposed in 1961 by
Sukezumi Hino. (Kawasaki and most of Yokohama were treated separately as a ‘Tokyo/Yokohama dialect’).
2837:
1584:
717:
Generally, the prefecture has the Tokyo-standard pitch accent, although some deviation is found west of the Sagami River, where ‘three-beat’ nouns such as
2636:
298:, leading to relatively fewer dialectal differences between them. Aside from north/south and east/west differences, there is notable variation in the
1054:(らっせぇ) (expressions shared with the coastal areas of the Izu Peninsula). West of the Sagami River, the question-indicating sentence-ending particle
2877:
2263:
1300:
The table below shows some examples of different vocabulary between
Kanagawa dialects (specifically the Hadano dialect) and standard Japanese.
1556:
2258:
1742:
2143:
2849:
2568:
381:
33:
2522:
2517:
2043:
1577:
377:
2691:
1749:
278:, however. Regionally, the largest differences are found in geographically separated areas, such as north and south of the
246:. Owed to its proximity to Tokyo, this trend is even more notable in Kanagawa, especially in northern urban areas, such as
2532:
2248:
2663:
2502:
2061:
2396:
2376:
2180:
2133:
2872:
2512:
2386:
1570:
338:
317:
956:, both of whom hail from Fujisawa City, are known for often using these phrases. Particularly in the Shōnan area,
2797:
2775:
2563:
231:
1225:
2832:
2770:
2760:
2724:
2622:
2573:
2497:
2472:
2081:
1497:
345:
2138:
2216:
1006:(さ) are also widely used. In comparison with the Tokyo area, however, these particles are often lengthened (
371:
2233:
239:
2714:
2603:
2076:
1622:
1612:
267:
262:
There is some general similarity in dialects spoken across the prefecture, with noticeable homogeny in
234:, located in the far northwest of Kanagawa, possesses similarities with the Gunnai dialect of eastern
2765:
2588:
2492:
2366:
2168:
2103:
1617:
1224:) is a common expression in Yokohama and other parts of Kanagawa. It became frequently used from the
295:
235:
1269:
2814:
2696:
2668:
2583:
2163:
2108:
291:
227:
183:
57:
2785:
238:. Parts of the north of the prefecture that are proximate to the Tama Region of Tokyo or the more
2844:
2706:
2593:
2527:
2417:
2412:
2125:
1867:
585:
397:
247:
215:
2673:
2113:
1949:
1898:
932:(ぇ) sound is not lengthened, and in some areas (such as Hadano) these particles may lose their
2608:
2578:
2381:
2200:
2185:
2158:
2153:
2091:
2029:
2004:
1939:
1857:
1813:
1656:
1651:
1641:
1632:
1593:
1552:
589:
279:
243:
179:
79:
74:
725:) that are usually front-mora stressed in standard Japanese may become middle-mora stressed (
2802:
2780:
2558:
2354:
2195:
1997:
1987:
1982:
1970:
1918:
1862:
1823:
1759:
1700:
1277:
334:
223:
195:
89:
84:
2323:
1026:) has multiple regional variants in Kanagawa. North of the Tanzawa Mountains it can become
419:
Phonology is typical for a West Kanto dialect, but less common traits exist in some areas.
2827:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2190:
1963:
1874:
1774:
1735:
1730:
1691:
1671:
405:
353:
303:
187:
66:
1956:
2822:
2173:
2148:
2071:
2051:
2024:
1975:
1927:
1891:
1845:
1789:
1784:
1764:
1281:
945:
161:
2866:
2613:
2359:
2338:
2056:
1908:
1852:
1720:
1710:
1686:
1676:
1666:
1173:
The vigorous repetition of the name of an object that one is showing to someone else.
928:(だんべ) are commonly used in Kanagawa. However, unlike other Kanto dialects the ending
219:
211:
2598:
2427:
1992:
1886:
1830:
1799:
1794:
1607:
283:
546:(やぁ) instead (a shared trait with Shizuoka and Yamanashi dialects). (For example:
286:. In the case of the Sagami River, a notable exception is at its estuary (around
2653:
1881:
953:
1125:(けんど), and in parts of Ashigara and Tsukui, the conjecture-indicating particle
2682:
2648:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2328:
299:
275:
251:
2462:
2391:
2371:
2313:
1273:
287:
263:
154:
142:
2333:
2318:
700:
Along the Sagami Bay coastal area and on the Miura
Peninsula, the phonemes
199:
2742:
2627:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2225:
2066:
401:
349:
294:) where areas on opposite banks have been connected historically via the
191:
2719:
2658:
2275:
385:
271:
2737:
2270:
2238:
367:
1562:
1268:
It is thought to have been introduced to
Kanagawa via the Tōkaidō,
428:
There is a strong tendency among speakers to merge the vowel sound
2732:
2280:
2243:
47:
998:
Other sentence-ending particles common in Kanto dialects such as
2290:
949:
1566:
1169:
Other notable grammatical and conversational features include:
1200:(知らない (present negative)) as is common in standard Japanese.
210:
The
Kanagawa dialect, along with other dialects such as the
1030:(くんろ), whilst south of the mountains is may be said as
2813:
2753:
2705:
2547:
2405:
2347:
2289:
2224:
2215:
2124:
2090:
2042:
2015:
1938:
1812:
1640:
1631:
1600:
152:
140:
135:
114:
63:
53:
43:
21:
538:In some areas, most notably Ashigara and Tsukui,
230:dialects, whilst the western part of the former
1228:onwards, with presumed etymological origins in
979:) (said somewhere like Yokohama) would become
270:. There are greater recognised differences in
1578:
8:
1280:, where it is believed to have roots in the
341:, western part of Kotsuka Ward in Yokohama).
2221:
2096:
1637:
1585:
1571:
1563:
1196:(present continuous negative)) instead of
1042:(くんな). In Shōnan, it is sometimes said as
32:
18:
637:(ん) in certain situations. (For example:
1302:
742:
1444:
1058:(け) is sometimes used, and the adverb
948:(a member of the Japanese idol group
302:coastal area (also known as Shōnan),
113:
7:
1547:Tanaka, Yukari 編 平山輝男編集委員代表 (2015)
1284:. In parts of the Miura Peninsula,
1109:飲んじゃだめだべ) west of the Sagami River.
977:I've been saying that since earlier
366:Aiko District (south of Susugaya),
240:metropolitan special wards of Tokyo
178:) is the term used to describe the
1292:(じぇん) are sometimes used instead.
588:that lie within a word may become
408:, Miura Peninsula Sagami Bay area.
14:
1519:日本列島方言叢書6 関東方言考2 群馬県・埼玉県・千葉県・神奈川県
1498:"横浜弁じゃなかった「～じゃん」 はまっ子の自信が生んだ勘違い"
1091:You shouldn't just drink alcohol
920:(べ) and its related expressions
306:and the Ashigara region.
1129:(ずら) may be used. For example:
1093:) in standard Japanese becomes
2878:Culture in Kanagawa Prefecture
1:
2729:Kanji pronunciation sources
2503:Katakana Phonetic Extensions
1517:井上史雄・篠崎晃一・小林隆・大西拓一郎編 (1995)
1113:The adversative conjunction
222:dialects, make up the wider
16:Japanese dialect of Kanagawa
2838:Speculative fiction writers
2397:Transcription into Japanese
2894:
1756:Nagano-Yamanashi-Shizuoka
973:sakki kara, sou itteru jan
394:Sagami Bay Coastal Dialect
344:Miura Peninsula (parts of
2099:
1176:Responding to the phrase
960:(よ) is often attached to
633:starting mora may become
31:
26:
2623:Sino-Japanese vocabulary
2082:Yokohama Pidgin Japanese
1528:(in Japanese) Musashino.
1232:(dialectal variation of
952:) as well as the talent
708:(しぇ) are sometimes used.
282:or east and west of the
2569:Godan and ichidan verbs
2387:Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai
1544:(in Japanese) Sanseidō.
1535:(in Japanese) Yamakawa.
1467:Tanaka, Yukari (2003).
1148:that's right, isn't it?
202:dialect, among others.
38:Kanagawa dialects area.
1521:(in Japanese). ゆまに書房.
1238:Is there such a thing?
981:sakki kara, sou itten-
944:(だえ). Kanagawa-native
382:Ashigarashimo District
2674:Court lady language (
2144:Southern Amami Ōshima
2077:Yilan Creole Japanese
1551:(in Japanese) Meiji.
1549:日本のことばシリーズ14 神奈川県のことば
1471:(in Japanese). 大修館書店.
1456:(in Japanese). Meiji.
994:) in the Shōnan area.
378:Ashigarakami District
370:, Hadano, Hiratsuka,
2493:Small Kana Extension
2104:Eastern Old Japanese
1743:Northern Izu Islands
1486:(in Japanese). 東洋書林.
1452:平山, 輝男 (1992–1994).
1234:sonna koto ga aru ka
1066:) may become simply
436:(えぇ). (For example:
320:(north of Miyagase).
236:Yamanashi Prefecture
2044:Pidgins and creoles
1070:(べぇ). For example:
968:(べよ). For example:
316:- Tsukui District,
184:Kanagawa Prefecture
2845:Classical Japanese
2692:Gender differences
2528:Extended shinjitai
1469:〈小辞典〉ふるさとのことば 神奈川県
1312:Hadano (Kanagawa)
1309:Standard Japanese
1276:originally out of
1240:) as shown below.
746:Standard Japanese
685:because it's there
258:Regional variation
224:West Kantō dialect
176:kanagawa-ken hōgen
2873:Japanese dialects
2860:
2859:
2564:Verb conjugations
2543:
2542:
2211:
2210:
2092:Japonic languages
2038:
2037:
2030:Okinawan Japanese
1594:Japanese language
1557:978-4-625-62448-3
1542:都道府県別 全国方言辞典 CD付き
1432:
1431:
1121:) can be said as
909:
908:
362:Sagami River West
329:Sagami River East
280:Tanzawa Mountains
244:standard Japanese
180:Japanese dialects
174:(Japanese: 神奈川方言
168:
167:
126:Sagami River West
123:Sagami River East
98:Kanagawa dialects
22:Kanagawa dialects
2885:
2803:Polivanov system
2664:Honorific speech
2559:Japanese grammar
2222:
2097:
1638:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1564:
1512:Other references
1506:
1505:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1449:
1303:
1278:Aichi Prefecture
1101:nonja dame da be
1081:nonja dame deshō
975:(さっきからそう言ってるじゃん
936:sound to become
743:
592:. (For example:
172:Kanagawa dialect
164:
145:
85:Eastern Japanese
69:
36:
19:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2809:
2754:Transliteration
2749:
2725:Sound symbolism
2701:
2683:Role language (
2642:from Portuguese
2574:Irregular verbs
2552:
2550:
2539:
2488:Kana Supplement
2483:Kana Extended-B
2478:Kana Extended-A
2401:
2377:Historical kana
2343:
2285:
2264:by stroke count
2255:Kanji radicals
2249:by stroke count
2207:
2120:
2086:
2062:Hawaiian Creole
2034:
2011:
1934:
1808:
1627:
1596:
1591:
1514:
1509:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1482:井上, 史雄 (2002).
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1377:(to the touch)
1298:
1216:The expression
1214:
1194:I don't know it
914:
715:
425:
417:
304:Miura Peninsula
260:
232:Tsukui District
208:
188:Sagami Province
160:
141:
110:
70:
67:Language family
65:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2891:
2889:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2625:
2620:
2614:Native words (
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2219:
2217:Writing system
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2072:Pseudo-Chinese
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2052:Bamboo English
2048:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2025:Amami Japanese
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1946:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1820:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1489:
1474:
1459:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1297:
1294:
1282:Mikawa dialect
1266:
1265:
1213:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1178:shitte iru ka?
1174:
1167:
1166:
1111:
1110:
996:
995:
946:Masahiro Nakai
913:
910:
907:
906:
891:
888:
871:
870:
855:
852:
835:
834:
817:
814:
792:
791:
778:
775:
753:
752:
749:
747:
714:
711:
710:
709:
698:
628:
579:
578:
577:
424:
421:
416:
413:
412:
411:
410:
409:
391:
390:
389:
375:
359:
358:
357:
346:Miura District
342:
321:
259:
256:
254:and Yokohama.
207:
204:
166:
165:
158:
150:
149:
146:
138:
137:
136:Language codes
133:
132:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
116:
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
105:
104:
103:
102:
101:
100:
73:
71:
64:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
45:
44:Native to
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2890:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2798:Cyrillization
2796:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2786:Wāpuro rōmaji
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2616:yamato kotoba
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:Counter words
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2546:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
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2339:Kana ligature
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2234:Script reform
2232:
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2199:
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2098:
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2078:
2075:
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2068:
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2057:Bonin English
2055:
2053:
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2041:
2031:
2028:
2026:
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1630:
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1621:
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1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:Earlier forms
1599:
1595:
1588:
1583:
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1576:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1540:佐藤亮一編 (2009)
1539:
1534:
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1527:
1523:
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1427:
1424:
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1418:
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1399:
1397:(completely)
1396:
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1368:
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1362:
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1199:
1195:
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1187:
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1128:
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1120:
1116:
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1099:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1064:full of, only
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
993:
992:
987:
986:
985:
978:
974:
971:
970:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
916:The particle
911:
904:
900:
899:
898:
892:
889:
886:
882:
880:
879:
873:
872:
868:
864:
863:
862:
856:
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846:
843:
841:
837:
836:
832:
831:
826:
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824:
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815:
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808:
807:
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789:
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769:
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748:
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741:
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731:
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724:
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686:
682:
681:
676:
672:
671:
666:
664:
663:
656:
652:
651:
646:
644:
643:
636:
632:
629:
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625:
620:
618:
617:
610:
607:
606:
601:
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598:
591:
587:
583:
580:
575:
573:
572:
565:
561:
560:
555:
553:
552:
545:
541:
537:
536:
534:
533:
528:
527:
526:
519:
516:
515:
510:
509:
508:
501:
500:
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494:
493:
486:
483:
482:
477:
476:
475:
468:
467:
462:
461:
460:
453:
450:
449:
444:
443:
442:
435:
431:
427:
426:
423:Pronunciation
422:
420:
414:
407:
403:
400:, Chigasaki,
399:
395:
392:
387:
383:
379:
376:
373:
372:Naka District
369:
365:
364:
363:
360:
355:
351:
347:
343:
340:
339:Kōza District
336:
332:
331:
330:
327:
326:
325:
322:
319:
318:Aiko District
315:
312:
311:
310:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
257:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
205:
203:
201:
197:
194:dialect, the
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
163:
159:
157:
156:
151:
147:
144:
139:
134:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
117:
99:
96:
95:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
76:
72:
68:
62:
59:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
35:
30:
25:
20:
2791:In Esperanto
2761:Romanization
2715:Pitch accent
2697:Dictionaries
2684:
2676:nyōbō kotoba
2675:
2629:
2628:Loan words (
2615:
2599:Topic marker
2513:ARIB STD B24
2259:by frequency
2139:Amami Ōshima
2016:
2005:
1964:
1950:
1940:
1928:
1915:East San'in
1899:
1875:
1846:
1824:
1814:
1750:
1715:
1701:
1657:
1642:
1623:Early Modern
1613:Early Middle
1548:
1541:
1532:
1531:日野資純 (1961)
1525:
1524:日野資純 (1950)
1518:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1477:
1468:
1462:
1453:
1447:
1425:
1419:
1414:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1366:
1360:
1355:
1347:
1341:
1336:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1299:
1289:
1285:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1237:
1236:(そんなことがあるのか
1233:
1230:sō ja, an ka
1229:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1168:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
997:
990:
989:
988:(さっきからそう言ってん
983:
982:
980:
976:
972:
965:
961:
957:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
915:
902:
896:
895:
893:
884:
877:
876:
874:
866:
860:
859:
857:
848:
844:
839:
838:
829:
828:
822:
821:
819:
810:
805:
804:
797:
796:
795:
787:
782:
780:
771:
767:
761:
758:
756:
735:
733:
727:
726:
722:
718:
716:
713:Pitch accent
705:
701:
693:
692:
688:
684:
679:
678:
674:
669:
668:
661:
660:
658:
655:I don't know
654:
649:
648:
641:
640:
638:
634:
630:
623:
622:
615:
614:
612:
608:
604:
603:
596:
595:
593:
581:
570:
569:
567:
563:
558:
557:
550:
549:
547:
543:
539:
531:
530:
524:
523:
521:
517:
513:
512:
506:
505:
503:
498:
497:
491:
490:
488:
484:
480:
479:
473:
472:
470:
465:
464:
458:
457:
455:
451:
447:
446:
440:
439:
437:
433:
429:
418:
393:
361:
333:Sagamihara,
328:
323:
313:
308:
284:Sagami River
268:pitch accent
261:
209:
198:dialect and
175:
171:
169:
153:
97:
2771:Nihon-shiki
2654:Wasei-kango
2589:Possessives
2549:Grammar and
2382:Modern kana
2367:Punctuation
2348:Orthography
2169:Tokunoshima
1781:Gifu-Aichi
1751:Tōkai–Tōsan
1618:Late Middle
1356:Talk / chat
1270:Kōshū Kaidō
1182:Do you know
1089:飲んじゃだめでしょう
1050:(さっせぇ) and
954:Thane Camus
723:morning sun
542:may become
485:expectation
2867:Categories
2815:Literature
2685:yakuwarigo
2669:Honorifics
2649:Wasei-eigo
2637:from Dutch
2584:Adjectives
2551:vocabulary
2329:Hentaigana
2324:Man'yōgana
2164:Okinoerabu
1868:Okuyoshino
1484:辞典〈新しい日本語〉
1454:現代日本語方言大辞典
1435:References
1415:Last night
1367:kucchaberu
1318:Throw away
1296:Vocabulary
1288:(じぇえ) and
1212:) ・ じゃん(か)
1150:) becomes
783:kyaku sama
354:Miura City
300:Sagami Bay
276:vocabulary
252:Sagamihara
182:spoken in
129:Sagami Bay
2707:Phonology
2594:Particles
2533:Half/Full
2463:Shift JIS
2392:Yotsugana
2372:Kanazukai
2314:Okurigana
2226:Logograms
1838:Shiramine
1683:Southern
1663:Northern
1440:Citations
1401:bukkowasu
1369:(くっちゃべる)
1274:Silk Road
1226:Shōwa Era
1190:shitte nē
1188:)?) with
1180:(知っているか?
1038:(けんろ) or
924:(だべ) and
751:Kanagawa
704:(じぇ) and
584:starting
415:Phonology
292:Chigasaki
288:Hiratsuka
264:phonology
155:Glottolog
143:ISO 639-3
2630:gairaigo
2609:Numerals
2579:Pronouns
2518:Enclosed
2498:Katakana
2473:Hiragana
2469:Unicode
2424:ISO/IEC
2406:Encoding
2309:Furigana
2304:Katakana
2299:Hiragana
2201:Yonaguni
2181:Southern
2159:Okinawan
2154:Kunigami
2134:Northern
2126:Ryukyuan
2067:Kyowa-go
1998:Tsushima
1988:Nagasaki
1983:Kumamoto
1971:Chikuzen
1835:Kanazawa
1825:Hokuriku
1760:Shizuoka
1727:Eastern
1716:Kanagawa
1707:Western
1652:Hokkaidō
1633:Dialects
1502:withnews
1389:(しゃっこい)
1381:tsumetai
1331:(うっちゃる)
1306:English
1257:ka → sō
1198:shiranai
1002:(ね) and
964:to form
940:(え) and
811:students
772:customer
675:aru kara
432:(あい) to
402:Kamakura
398:Fujisawa
350:Yokosuka
324:Southern
314:Northern
248:Kawasaki
228:Shizuoka
192:Yokohama
162:kana1290
120:Northern
115:Dialects
80:Japanese
58:Kanagawa
2833:Writers
2766:Hepburn
2720:Rendaku
2659:Engrish
2355:Braille
2276:Ryakuji
2196:Yaeyama
2114:grammar
2109:Hachijō
2006:Satsugū
1965:Hichiku
1951:Hōnichi
1905:San'yō
1900:Chūgoku
1876:Shikoku
1815:Western
1775:Nagaoka
1771:Echigo
1736:Tochigi
1731:Ibaraki
1692:Nairiku
1672:Tsugaru
1643:Eastern
1533:神奈川県の方言
1526:相模方言の素描
1409:(ぼっこす)
1407:bokkosu
1403:(ぶっ壊す)
1395:Destroy
1387:shakkoi
1363:(しゃべる)
1361:shaberu
1350:(おっぺす)
1329:uccharu
1192:(知ってねぇ
1034:(けぇろ),
1020:kudasai
912:Grammar
719:a-sa-hi
689:an kara
576:(きゃーる).
386:Odawara
296:Tōkaidō
272:grammar
216:Saitama
206:Outline
190:), the
94:Western
75:Japonic
2828:Poetry
2776:Kunrei
2738:Kan-on
2509:Other
2418:EUC-JP
2334:Sōgana
2319:Gojūon
2271:Kokuji
2239:Kanbun
2191:Tarama
2186:Miyako
1976:Hakata
1941:Kyūshū
1929:Umpaku
1892:Sanuki
1858:Banshū
1847:Kansai
1790:Mikawa
1785:Nagoya
1765:Narada
1658:Tōhoku
1555:
1428:(ゆんべ)
1383:(冷たい)
1348:oppesu
1325:(捨てる)
1323:suteru
1078:bakari
1060:bakari
1046:(せぇ),
1024:please
1022:(ください
1014:(さぁ),
1010:(ねぇ),
849:lesson
590:voiced
368:Atsugi
335:Yamato
200:Shōnan
196:Hadano
54:Region
27:神奈川県方言
2850:texts
2823:Books
2743:Tō-on
2733:Go-on
2360:Kanji
2281:Ateji
2244:Kanji
2174:Yoron
2149:Kikai
2017:Other
1919:Inshū
1909:Bingo
1863:Kishū
1853:Awaji
1721:Tokyo
1711:Gunma
1702:Kantō
1687:Kesen
1677:Akita
1667:Nanbu
1426:yunbe
1422:(昨夜)
1420:yuube
1344:(押す)
1123:kendo
1095:sake
1075:sake
1062:(ばかり
1052:rassē
1048:sassē
1040:kunna
1036:kenro
1028:kunro
984:be yo
966:be yo
926:danbe
922:da be
788:きゃくさま
759:kyaku
730:sa-hi
721:(あさひ
673:ねぇ),
609:to go
452:stage
406:Zushi
212:Gunma
90:Kantō
48:Japan
2458:0213
2453:0212
2448:0211
2443:0208
2438:0201
2434:JIS
2428:2022
2291:Kana
1993:Saga
1957:Ōita
1887:Tosa
1831:Kaga
1800:Hida
1795:Mino
1553:ISBN
1375:Cold
1337:Push
1155:zura
1137:darō
1127:zura
1117:(けど
1115:kedo
1032:kēro
950:SMAP
942:da e
897:mago
847:ぎょう
768:きゃくさ
687:) →
659:waka
657:) →
639:waka
611:) →
586:mora
566:) →
564:frog
520:) →
487:) →
454:) →
290:and
274:and
266:and
220:Tama
218:and
170:The
2781:JSL
2523:EIS
2413:EUC
1882:Iyo
1608:Old
1342:osu
1290:jen
1272:or
1263:ka.
1260:jan
1245:sō
1218:jan
1206:jan
1159:(そう
1152:sō
1144:だろう
1141:(そう
1134:sō
1119:but
1086:ばかり
887:ご)
867:ぎょう
865:(じゅ
861:gyō
845:(じゅ
842:gyō
823:ito
809:いと
801:ito
786:�(お
766:�(お
738:-hi
706:she
697:から)
683:から
667:(わか
653:ない
647:(わか
645:nai
535:).
518:you
502:),
489:kit
471:kit
469:),
456:but
438:but
2869::
1500:.
1286:jē
1254:an
1248:ja
1222:ka
1210:ka
1186:it
1165:).
1162:ずら
1106:べぇ
1103:(酒
1098:bē
1083:(酒
1068:bē
1056:ke
1044:sē
1016:yō
1012:sā
1008:nē
1004:sa
1000:ne
991:べよ
962:be
958:yo
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903:まご
901:(た
894:ta
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883:(た
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858:ju
854:→
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840:ju
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830:いと
827:(せ
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798:se
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781:o-
777:→
774:)
770:ま
764:ma
762:sa
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736:sa
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627:).
621:(い
602:(い
582:k-
574:ru
571:yā
562:る
559:かえ
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544:yā
540:ai
532:めぇ
529:(お
522:om
514:まえ
511:(お
507:ae
504:om
499:てぇ
496:(き
481:たい
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352:,
348:,
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594:i
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556:(
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525:ē
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459:ē
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388:.
374:.
148:–
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