42:
586:, thus strengthening ties. Simultaneously, the system allowed someone from a relatively poor circle to marry hypergamously into one of the fewer, wealthier Patidar families, whose socio-economic status would be diluted unless they adopted such practices because there were insufficient eligible brides. The marriage situation in Gujarat has become so severe in recent years, with such a significant skew of gender, that in the 2010s the Patidar community organisations elsewhere in India have been encouraging some of their number to contract marriages with Gujarati Patidars, and also encouraging some
450:
their lands themselves. The Kanbis retained their lower status as those who did not own land. The
British favoured the "authentic" Patidars over the Rajputs and Kolis, and gave them positions as revenue collectors. The favoured treatment and increased wealth and dominance led the "authentic" Patidars, "lesser" Patidars, and Kanbis to closely associate with each other. Additionally, the development of tobacco as a cash crop and African trade benefited both Patidars and Kanbis and reinforced their unity and prevent them from splitting.
312:
maximised income when compared to a system based on individual responsibility for revenue, in which allowances had to be made for land being out of cultivation. It also allowed a degree of communal self-determination that permitted the rise of economic elites with no reason to engage in political challenges, and hence the rise of the communities then known as Kanbis. Some Kanbis became wealthy enough to enter the world of finance, providing lines of credit to others in their community.
590:-Patidar marriages. The latter they hold to be acceptable because of a belief that, centuries ago, the two castes had a common origin. The numbers involved are at present reported to be very few but it is seen as a significant break with tradition to marry outside the caste and/or outside their home state. They claim that such marriages also develop new business ties.
344:
295:
163:
263:, the extant administrative systems fell apart and anarchy prevailed. The British colonisation of the country took place over a period of many years and had to adapt to the various local land tenure arrangements that had arisen as Mughal power waned. These systems of ownership could be broadly classified as landlord-based (
371:, who had formerly been the dominant caste in the region. The Rajputs, who claimed to be Kshatriyas, lost their landownership to the Kanbis, and were forced to become their tenants. The Kanbis also claimed Kshatriya status, mirroring the Rajputs. The Kanbis/Patidars mirrored the Rajputs in that they both claimed to be of
316:
surplus went to the landlord. Being less inclined to take an active role in agriculture personally and thus maximise revenues from their landholdings, the Koli possessions were often left uncultivated or underused. These lands were gradually taken over by Kanbi cultivators, while the Kolis became classified as a
320:
due to their failure to meet the revenue demands and their tendency to raid Kanbi villages to survive. The Kanbi land takeovers also reduced the Kolis to being the tenants and agricultural labourers of Kanbis rather than landowners, thus increasing the economic inequality between the communities. The
311:
system). Working with this village model enabled the
British to impose a fixed revenue demand that was payable whether or not the land was cultivated and that gave landholders the right to sublet and otherwise manage their lands with minimal official interference. It simplified revenue collection and
302:
In
Gujarat, the British administrators found that all three systems existed. The Kanbis tended to adopt the village-based model and the Kolis the landlord-based variant. The village-based system entailed that organisations jointly owned a village and shared responsibility in some fixed proportion for
504:
status was much easier and more accessible than claiming the obsolete
Kshatriya status. Both Banias and Patidars were able to successfully adapt to modern conditions, whereas castes who traditionally claimed Kshatriya status have not been able to shift as well to modern society. The Patidars claimed
351:
The Kanbis' economic well-being was enhanced further from the 1860s due to improvements in crop selection, farming methods and transportation. They began to diversify their business interests and some with higher status also replaced the field labour of their families â especially the women â with
449:
During this time, the Kanbis and
Patidars were socially stratified. The "authentic" Patidars were those who were the dominant landowners. They owned large estates and supervised cultivation, or leased out land to tenants. The "lesser" Patidars were those who owned less land and cultivated part of
315:
The situation experienced by the
Gujarati Kolis, with their preferred landlord-based tenure system, was not so mutually beneficial. They were subject to interference from the British revenue collectors, who intervened to ensure that the stipulated revenue was remitted to the government before any
186:. The Bhaktas form another subcaste. The Anjana Kanbis are similar to Rajputs, and eat meat and drink alcohol. The Uda Kanbis are followers of Udabhagat, a neo-Vaishnav saint. The Matiyas, also known as Piranas are Kanbis who descend from converts to the Islamic sect of the
419:
The Kadvas used to have a unique marriage custom in which marriages were only conducted once every ten years. This marriage custom was noted to be in decline by 1911. In 1922, the Kadva Seva Mandal organized a caste conference which abolished the deccenial marriage custom.
251:
period. The Raj administrators sought to assure revenue from the highly fertile lands of central
Gujarat by instituting reforms that fundamentally changed the relationship between the two communities of the region, the peasant Kanbi and the warrior
682:
more than century ago. In South Africa during the famine of 1890, many Kanbis became prosperous as labourers and traders. In the 1920s and 1930s, the
British favoured Patidars in East Africa as civil servants in the construction of railways.
375:
status, hired genealogists to fabricate genealogies, and hired bards to concoct warrior legends about their pasts. Traditionally the bards and brahmins had maintained that the Kanbis had always been farmers, but in 1912 the Kanbis published
340:. This led the Company to persuade the Nawab to revoke the Kunbi's license to weave saris in 1800, and guarantee to the Khatris the sole license to manufacture saris, on the condition that they would only work for the East India Company.
2176:
1806:
1902:
402:, and were able to use their land drainage systems, better agriculture, and the growth of a money economy to prosper. The growth of Ahmedabad during the British Raj gave the Patidars a market to sell goods.
1888:
The politics of space in South asian
Diaspora, Chapter 7 Indian immigrants in Queens, New York City: patterns of spatial concentration and distribution, 1965â1990 - Nation and migration: - books.google.com
555:
when in the fields versus the home. In the village fields the consumption of meat and liquor and sexual relations with untouchable women is possible, but such behavior is strictly forbidden in the house.
336:. The Kunbis had learned the art of weaving from the Khatris who had employed them. The Khatris were annoyed by this, and a rivalry developed between the castes, which disrupted the business of the
453:
The community also began to redefine itself in the context of the Hindu religion. As well as aspiring to
Kshatriya status, they adopted ritually pure practices such as vegetarianism, worship of
2269:
1620:
574:
was also distinct from that of the Kolis, with the former marrying relatively locally and across boundaries within their own community while the latter dispersed over a wide area to marry with
1589:
697:. Since US immigration laws allow sponsoring immigration of parents, children and particularly siblings on the basis of family reunion, the numbers rapidly swelled in a phenomenon known as "
2238:
628:
The Raj administration first recognised the separate caste status of Patidars in the 1931 census of India. In the census, all instances of Kanbi in Gujarat were replaced with Patidar.
2207:
2168:
2016:
Gujaratis, mainly Patels, now own 21,000 of the 53,000 hotels and motels in the US. It makes for a staggering 42% of the US hospitality market, with a combined worth of $ 40 billion.
2003:
405:
In the 19th century due to the declining profitability of agriculture, many Kanbis took advantage of new opportunities afforded by British rule, with many migrating to towns like
1972:
936:
1798:
2663:
1886:
597:, formed their own caste association. The Kurmis were a farming caste in the eastern Gangetic plain who, like the Kanbis, were of Shudra status. In an organisation in
955:
2145:
256:. The two had previously been of more or less equal socio-economic standing, but the land reforms better suited the agricultural peasantry than the warriors.
533:. Shah and Shroff consider this scenario to be unlikely, and believe it to be an example of Barots creating myths to legitimize caste claims to a particular
217:
in which Levas would share the payments of revenue owed to the government. They did this to protect their community against exploitations by the government.
2295:
Banerjee, Abhijit; Iyer, Lakshmi (September 2005), "History, Institutions, and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India",
2261:
1612:
469:
system, and discontinuing patronage of low-caste priests. They also retained some of their local customs, such as a preference for singing vernacular
1941:
1581:
690:
564:
2230:
2656:
864:. Broadly speaking, Vaishyas were business people involved in moneylending, trading and similar activities, while Shudras were manual workers.
135:
in Gujarat. The title of Patidar originally conferred to the land owning aristocratic class of Gujarati Kanbis; however, it was later applied
2632:
2509:
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2446:
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1769:
1727:
1708:
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1281:
2199:
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Bal, Gurpreet (2006). "Entrepreneurship among Diasporic Communities: A Comparative Examination of Patidars of Gujarat and Jats of Punjab".
321:
difference was further exacerbated by the Kanbis' providing better tenancy arrangements for members of their own community than for Kolis.
147:
1995:
653:
1775:
198:
sect by Narayan Mistri. The Levas and Kadvas are considered superior to the other subcastes, with the most prestigious section living in
1964:
1381:
Indian Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Historical Perspective. with Special Reference to the Schroffs of Gujarat: 17th to 19th centuries
440:
term to describe themselves and thus emphasise the high status associated with their ownership. The community also adopted the surname
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1474:
3705:
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2611:
2536:
2489:
2347:
2037:
1935:
1896:
1151:
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1090:
686:
In recent decades, many from the East African countries as well as from India have moved to countries such as USA, UK, and Canada.
41:
488:
the Patidars wielded more power than the Brahmins did. However, with many Patidars now being merchants, they later began claiming
634:
Until the 1950s, Patidar and Brahmin children did not dine with each other or drink from the same glasses in Primary schools in
480:
variants. However, upper castes never recognised any claim of status above Shudra for the Patidars. The Patidars did not allow
139:
to the entirety of the Kanbi population who lay claim to a land owning identity, partly as a result of land reforms during the
236:. The Kanbis were a group of western Indian peasant farmers that had various subclans, for example in the central Deccan the
1480:
3710:
2137:
560:
259:
Governments in India had always relied on revenue from land as their major source of income. With the decline of the
303:
the land revenues. The division of responsibility might be arranged by the amount of land held by each member (the
1830:"Effects of the immigration act of 1965 on selected population characteristics of immigrants to the United States"
2357:
914:
247:
community in Gujarat and its change of identity to that of Patidar can be attributed to the land reforms of the
2385:
2769:
1411:
Rural Credit in Western India 1875â1930: Rural Credit and the Co-operative Movement in the Bombay Presidency
768:
756:
738:
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3101:
3081:
2736:
2304:
998:
956:"Saurashtra, Patidar & 'Zamindar'â what's fuelling Rajput fury against BJP's Rupala in 'Gujarat Garh'"
1925:
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in the United States is controlled by Patidars and other Gujaratis. The Patidar samaj, also dominate as
116:
2832:
2590:
2555:
2475:
710:
2309:
1003:
436:
is the holder of one of those allotments. During the 19th century, the Kanbis generally adopted the
2339:
Villages, Women, and the Success of Dairy Cooperatives in India: Making Place for Rural Development
718:
392:, the Kanbis have never ruled any territory except the estates of Patadi, Dhasa, Rai, and Sankali.
220:
The Patidar were originally a title for the Kanbis who had become village tax collectors under the
183:
1396:
The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Later Nineteenth Century
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2322:
1867:
1851:
1051:
1016:
906:
840:
337:
328:. In the 1740s, some Kanbis were granted permission by the governor, Safdar Khan, to manufacture
3574:
1762:
Transregional and Transnational Families in Europe and Beyond: Experiences Since the Middle Ages
1184:
Peasants and Imperial Rule: Agriculture and Agrarian Society in the Bombay Presidency, 1850-1935
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2413:
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Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the SHREYAS Folk Museum of Gujarat
1344:
1277:
1147:
1122:
1086:
762:
750:
722:
103:
87:
2499:
835:
Crispin Bates has stated a date of 1815 for the beginning of British land revenue reforms in
3459:
3327:
2951:
2746:
2731:
2567:
2380:
2372:
2314:
1841:
1758:"Mirror Image of Family Relations: Social Links between Patel Migrants in Britain and India"
1043:
1008:
898:
853:
792:
780:
744:
702:
534:
514:
2604:
Farms and factories: social profile of large farmers and rural industrialists in West India
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171:
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2085:
Caste, Class, and Capital: The Social and Political Origins of Economic Policy in India
861:
836:
804:
667:
552:
485:
389:
225:
206:
191:
132:
128:
1144:
South Asia in Transition: An Introduction to the Social Anthropology of a Subcontinent
3699:
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3048:
3038:
2941:
2910:
2721:
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2402:
1055:
1020:
663:
In 1985, Patidars and Brahmins violently participated in the anti-reservation riots.
646:
635:
545:
518:
497:
458:
381:
353:
260:
221:
179:
175:
2110:
Mehta, Shirin M. (1978). "The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928: A Note on Organizations".
1871:
1450:
Provincial Globalization in India: Transregional Mobilities and Development Politics
509:. Specifically, the Patidars claim that the Levas and Kadvas are the descendants of
3449:
3444:
3341:
3258:
3156:
3106:
3071:
2966:
2895:
2807:
2789:
2432:
810:
798:
694:
689:
Significant immigration from India to the United States started after the landmark
610:
205:
Since the 17th century, the Leva Kanbis controlled the majority of the land in the
195:
1924:
Kalnins, Arthur; Chung, Wilbur (2001). Greve, Henrich R.; Baum, Joel A.C. (eds.).
2622:
2526:
2456:
2436:
2337:
1464:
3663:
3615:
3569:
3564:
3509:
3489:
3336:
3311:
3263:
3196:
3028:
2971:
2857:
2774:
714:
679:
466:
399:
253:
248:
210:
140:
1047:
1034:
Shah, A. M. (1982). "Division and Hierarchy: an overview of caste in Gujarat".
1012:
656:, Patidars along with Brahmins, Rajputs, and Banias formed the upper castes of
3579:
3494:
3371:
3361:
3131:
2984:
2961:
2900:
2817:
2376:
2032:. University park, PA, USA: Pennsylvania State University press. p. 285.
622:
579:
124:
2358:"The Nature of Social Change in Rural Gujarat: The Kheda District, 1818â1918"
2318:
525:
to become cultivators, and after which the Patidars supposedly migrated from
3668:
3559:
3406:
2872:
2528:
Capital, Interrupted: Agrarian Development and the Politics of Work in India
1760:. In Johnson, Christopher H.; Teuscher, Simon; Sabean, David Warren (eds.).
1274:
Eighteenth Century Gujarat: The Dynamics of Its Political Economy, 1750â1800
887:"The VahÄ«vancÄ BÄroáčs of Gujarat: A Caste of Genealogists and Mythographers"
657:
621:
under the Kurmi umbrella. They then campaigned to have Kurmis recognised as
571:
538:
474:
406:
385:
372:
170:
The Kanbi/Patidars were divided into several subcastes. The Levas were from
2169:"Gujarat polls: In epicentre of Patidar protest, anger at BJP but not Modi"
1504:
Mind, Body, and Wealth: A Study of Belief and Practice in an Indian Village
1863:
484:
to exploit them or allow Brahmins to control their lives; in fact, in the
428:
The parcels of land held under the village tenureship system are known as
343:
3539:
3439:
3416:
3401:
3376:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3146:
3121:
2852:
2711:
726:
602:
481:
477:
461:(who were given animal sacrifices), prohibiting widow remarriage, giving
360:
status in the varna ranking system. The Kanbis had been of the low caste
324:
In the 18th century, Kanbis were also mentioned as working as weavers at
287:
265:
199:
187:
55:
2055:
Social Change in Gujarat: A Study of Nineteenth Century Gujarati Society
294:
3381:
3351:
3268:
3253:
3243:
3182:
3116:
3086:
3012:
2914:
2812:
2681:
2579:
2326:
2262:"Meet 22-year-old Hardik Patel, the face of Patel agitation in Gujarat"
1855:
1343:. University of California Press, Popular Prakashan. pp. 460â461.
857:
642:
631:
The Patidars are estimated to comprise 12â14% of Gujarat's population.
606:
582:
marriage circles based around groups of equal-status villages known as
530:
526:
501:
489:
454:
357:
162:
151:
120:
113:
74:
2481:
India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India
2394:
910:
886:
123:. The community comprises at multiple subcastes, most prominently the
3653:
3630:
3604:
3386:
3356:
3306:
3301:
3278:
3273:
3233:
3228:
3206:
3191:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3136:
3126:
3096:
3091:
3076:
3017:
2956:
2946:
2905:
2877:
2867:
2847:
2842:
2802:
2797:
2779:
594:
575:
470:
410:
368:
361:
333:
17:
2571:
1846:
1829:
416:
In 1891, around ten percent of Leva and Kadva Kanbis were literate.
150:
their population is approximately 1.5 crores and they form 21.7% of
902:
3658:
3549:
3499:
3479:
3464:
3411:
3396:
3316:
3248:
3238:
3218:
2976:
2918:
2822:
2641:
1799:"This Navratri, Kadva Patidars' kuldevi goes places in US, Canada"
1613:"In Surat, 42 women from Odisha set to tie the knot with Patidars"
1582:"With business and marital ties Patidars look to unite nationally"
860:, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras, with those unclassified being
706:
618:
614:
598:
587:
462:
442:
342:
325:
293:
244:
233:
229:
161:
98:
2200:"Gujarat protests: Who are the Patidars, and why are they angry?"
1656:
Communalism, Caste and Hindu Nationalism: The Violence in Gujarat
3213:
3007:
2922:
2716:
522:
506:
329:
2645:
190:
in the 15th century. These Kanbis were ostracised and moved to
2595:
Kanbi and Patidar: a study of the Patidar community of Gujarat
1891:. Philadelphia, USA: University of Pennsylvania. p. 179.
2030:
Namaste America: Indian Immigrants in an American Metropolis
1688:
Kohli, Atul; Yashar, Deborah J.; Centeno, Miguel A. (2017).
1165:
1163:
548:, and employ any caste of Brahmins to act as their priests.
178:. The Matis, who were a sub-subcaste of the Levas, lived in
1222:
1220:
705:
and business enterprise, a number of them opened shops and
551:
Pocock notes differences in the behavior of Patidar men of
194:. Later some of these Kanbis were in turn converted to the
839:, which places the changes in the pre-Raj period when the
2548:
Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat: Kheda District 1917â1934
202:. These two sections inter-dine but do not inter-marry.
1965:"Why Indian Americans Dominate the U.S. Motel Industry"
521:
record that Lava and Kusha were cursed by their mother
395:
The Patidars began trading indigo in the 19th century.
678:
Patidars starting migrating to the British-controlled
446:, which was traditionally applied to village headmen.
413:
where they became weavers, traders, and moneylenders.
2070:
The Nonviolent Struggle for Indian Freedom: 1905-1919
1531:
The Cohesive Role of Sanskritization and Other Essays
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1207:
1205:
747:(1873 - 1933), Indian legislator and political leader
380:
in Gujarati, attempting to link the Kanbis with the
3677:
3639:
3613:
3593:
3325:
3180:
3057:
3026:
2998:
2932:
2886:
2755:
2679:
1413:. University of California Press. pp. 167â168.
693:, Early immigrants after 1965 were highly educated
69:
61:
51:
34:
1339:Desai, Akshay Ramanlal; Mandelbaum, David (1975).
1083:Peasant Pasts: History and Memory in Western India
2386:20.500.11820/df2d88ef-9bf2-449f-b797-32f24d3bc73f
1119:Gandhi's Rise to Power: Indian Politics 1915â1922
1927:Multiunit organization and multimarket strategy
2624:The Social structure of Patidar caste in India
1121:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 88â89.
1085:. University of California Press. p. 35.
367:The Kanbis also claimed equal status with the
240:and in Gujarat the-then elite Patidar Kanbis.
107:
91:
2657:
1930:(1 ed.). New York: JAI. pp. 33â48.
1341:State and Society in India: Essays in Dissent
783:(1929 â 1994), former Gujarat Chief Minister
243:The rise to socio-economic prominence of the
8:
1226:
578:. The Patidar system caused the creation of
1308:
771:(1911 - 2002) former Gujarat Chief Minister
759:(1887 - 1951), Indian independence activist
2664:
2650:
2642:
2484:(Reprinted ed.), C. Hurst & Co.,
2112:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
2087:. Cambridge University Press. p. 109.
1692:. Cambridge University Press. p. 267.
1169:
709:. Now in the 21st century over 40% of the
517:, respectively, the two sons of Rama. The
500:. They found that claiming the mercantile
352:hired labour in an attempt to emulate the
2384:
2308:
1845:
1658:. Cambridge University Press. p. 27.
1641:
1555:
1398:. Cambridge University Press. p. 88.
1186:. Cambridge University Press. p. 11.
1002:
182:. The Chullias lived in certain areas of
2415:A Companion to the Anthropology of India
2138:"A sorry tale of Patidar CMs in Gujarat"
2097:
1756:Rutten, Mario; Patel, Pravin J. (2011).
1726:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDecés2011 (
1707:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDecés2011 (
1673:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDecés2011 (
1463:Berger, Peter; Heidemann, Frank (2013).
1323:A Companion to the Anthropology of India
398:The Patidars heavily benefited from the
332:, which traditionally was the domain of
2072:. Oxford University Press. p. 141.
1994:HIRAL DHOLAKIA-DAVE (18 October 2006).
1743:Indian Society, Institutions and Change
1533:. Oxford University Press. p. 105.
1529:Srinivas, Mysore Narasimhachar (1989).
1448:Rutten, Mario; Koskimaki, Leah (2018).
877:
828:
717:of fast food restaurant chains such as
691:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
641:In the 1960s, an alliance of Patidars,
496:, to be par with the authentic-Vaishya
228:. These Kanbis also took the titles of
2558:(May 1955). "The Movement of Castes".
2272:from the original on 27 September 2021
1996:"42% of US hotel business is Gujarati"
1543:
1516:
473:devotional songs rather than the more
31:
2441:(Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan,
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
1721:
1702:
1668:
1623:from the original on 18 December 2018
1592:from the original on 18 December 2018
1443:
1441:
1439:
1334:
1332:
1196:
505:to be descendants of the Hindu deity
465:rather than using the then-prevalent
378:Origin and History of Kanbi Kshatriya
77:, but also some other states of India
7:
2231:"Wealthy, yet 'backward' in Gujarat"
1567:
1430:
1296:
1259:
1242:
1211:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1068:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
701:". Given the Patidar propensity for
148:2011 Socio Economic and Caste Census
2198:Kateshiya, Gopal (27 August 2015).
1809:from the original on 5 January 2019
1764:. Berghahn Books. pp. 295â11.
1383:. Academic Foundation. p. 186.
885:Shah, A. M.; Shroff, R. G. (1958).
593:In 1894, another farmer caste, the
3685:Genetic studies on Gujarati people
2241:from the original on 27 April 2021
2210:from the original on 27 April 2021
2179:from the original on 27 April 2021
2167:Sharma, Vikram (2 December 2017).
2148:from the original on 27 April 2021
1944:from the original on 26 March 2023
1905:from the original on 26 March 2023
1797:Yagnik, Bharat (13 October 2018).
1778:from the original on 26 March 2023
1483:from the original on 26 March 2023
917:from the original on 3 August 2021
25:
2550:. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
2531:. University of Minnesota Press.
2006:from the original on 16 June 2014
1975:from the original on 25 July 2018
1611:Saiyed, Kamal (11 October 2015).
1368:. Shreyas Prakashan. p. 111.
1036:Contributions to Indian Sociology
347:An Anjana Kanbi from Baroda State
2229:Das, Sohini (5 September 2015).
1963:Staff, W. S. J. (11 June 2012).
1580:Saiyed, Kamal (22 August 2017).
1506:. Basil Blackwell. pp. 8â9.
1466:The Modern Anthropology of India
1325:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 2005.
891:The Journal of American Folklore
777:(1928 â 2020), Indian politician
765:(1890 - 1973), Indian politician
753:(1875 â 1950), Indian politician
725:, and retail franchises such as
601:, the Kurmis sought to draw the
112:), is an Indian land-owning and
40:
2621:Trivedi, Jayprakash M. (1992).
1146:. Lexington Books. p. 41.
565:outlawed by the British in 1870
298:A Kadwa Kanbi from Baroda State
2461:, Tata McGraw-Hill Education,
2412:Clark-Deces, Isabelle (2011),
1828:Keely, Charles B. (May 1971).
1690:States in the Developing World
1321:Clark-Decés, Isabelle (2011).
649:controlled Gujarati politics.
166:A Lewa Kanbi from Baroda State
1:
2627:. Kanishka Publishing House.
2136:Dave, Nayan (9 August 2016).
2057:. Vora & Co. p. 440.
1276:. Brill. pp. 26â28, 31.
954:Dave, Janki (15 April 2024).
544:The Patidars do not wear the
213:system of land tenure called
46:Patidar reservation agitation
2297:The American Economic Review
1741:Sharma, Rajendra K. (2004).
1081:Chaturvedi, Vinayak (2007).
807:, Indian diamond businessman
307:method) or by ancestry (the
2606:. Oxford University Press.
1182:Charlesworth, Neil (1985).
995:Journal of Entrepreneurship
3732:
2525:Gidwani, Vinay K. (2008).
2356:Bates, Crispin N. (1981),
2028:Rangaswami, Padma (2000).
1058:– via SAGE Journals.
1048:10.1177/006996678201600101
1013:10.1177/097135570601500205
285:) and individually based (
174:and the Kadavas were from
27:Indian agriculturist caste
2377:10.1017/s0026749x00008763
2260:Sharon, Meghdoot (2015).
1272:Nadri, Ghulam A. (2009).
1117:Brown, Judith M. (1974).
741:, Dewan of Junagadh state
39:
3706:Social groups of Gujarat
2934:Agricultural communities
2546:Hardiman, David (1981).
2504:, Springer, p. 46,
2501:Narrowing the Gender Gap
2336:Basu, Pratyusha (2009),
2319:10.1257/0002828054825574
2068:Hardiman, David (2018).
1745:. Atlantic. p. 340.
1409:Catanach, I. J. (2021).
1364:Jain, Jyotindra (1980).
1227:Banerjee & Iyer 2005
570:The Patidar practice of
119:and community native to
2585:(subscription required)
2438:Caste and race in India
2418:, John Wiley and Sons,
2407:(subscription required)
2331:(subscription required)
1885:Khandelwal, MS (1995).
1546:, pp. 226â228, 451
1379:Mehta, Makrand (1991).
1142:Parkin, Robert (2020).
757:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
739:Haridas Viharidas Desai
559:The Patidars practised
131:. They form one of the
3102:Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya
3082:Gurjar Kshatriya Kadia
2888:Mercantile communities
2737:Sidhra-Rudhra Brahmins
2602:Rutten, Mario (1995).
2498:Somjee, Geeta (1989),
2455:Heredia, Ruth (1997),
2173:The New Indian Express
2083:Murali, Kanta (2017).
1502:Pocock, David (1973).
1170:Shah & Shroff 1958
843:administered the area.
801:, Indian industrialist
795:, Indian industrialist
348:
299:
167:
108:
92:
2476:Jaffrelot, Christophe
2053:Desai, Neera (1978).
1654:Shani, Ornit (2007).
1452:. Taylor and Francis.
813:, Gujarati politician
666:They form one of the
654:post-independence era
356:communities, who had
346:
297:
165:
96:), formerly known as
3000:Pastoral communities
2458:The Amul India Story
2365:Modern Asian Studies
711:hospitality industry
625:in the 1901 census.
572:hypergamous marriage
424:Reinventing identity
3711:Agricultural castes
3059:Artisan communities
2757:Warrior communities
1394:Seal, Anil (1971).
943:. Gujarati Lexicon.
941:Digital àȘàȘàȘ”àȘŠà«àȘà«àȘźàȘàȘĄàȘČ
789:, Indian politician
3535:Shaikhs of Gujarat
3515:Pathans of Gujarat
3328:Muslim communities
3183:Tribal communities
3097:Kumhar (Prajapati)
2597:. Clarendon Press.
2204:The Indian Express
2000:The Times of India
1803:The Times of India
1617:The Indian Express
1586:The Indian Express
1558:, pp. 180â182
1199:, pp. 773â774
1071:, p. 112-113.
925:– via JSTOR.
841:East India Company
561:female infanticide
349:
338:East India Company
300:
277:), village-based (
168:
3693:
3692:
3641:Other communities
3545:Sayyid of Gujarat
2697:Audichya Brahmins
2634:978-8-18547-519-6
2511:978-1-34919-644-9
2468:978-0-07463-160-7
2448:978-81-7154-205-5
2425:978-1-4051-9892-9
2342:, Cambria Press,
2235:Business Standard
1771:978-0-85745-183-5
1350:978-81-7154-013-6
1283:978-90-04-17202-9
856:system comprises
769:Babubhai J. Patel
763:Kalyanji V. Mehta
751:Vallabhbhai Patel
745:Vitthalbhai Patel
81:
80:
16:(Redirected from
3723:
3596:Jain communities
2952:Anjana Chaudhari
2747:Tapodhan Brahmin
2742:Sompura Brahmins
2732:Shrimali Brahmin
2727:Sachora Brahmins
2712:Khedaval Brahmin
2666:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2638:
2617:
2598:
2586:
2583:
2551:
2542:
2514:
2494:
2471:
2451:
2428:
2408:
2405:
2388:
2362:
2352:
2332:
2329:
2312:
2303:(4): 1190â1213,
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2133:
2120:
2119:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2011:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1849:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1738:
1732:
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1719:
1713:
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1700:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1666:
1660:
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1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1577:
1571:
1570:, pp. 54â55
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1499:
1493:
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1454:
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1428:
1415:
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1406:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1318:
1312:
1309:Clark-Deces 2011
1306:
1300:
1299:, pp. 56â57
1294:
1288:
1287:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1246:
1240:
1229:
1224:
1215:
1209:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1179:
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1158:
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1139:
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1132:
1114:
1097:
1096:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1006:
990:
971:
970:
968:
966:
951:
945:
944:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
882:
865:
850:
844:
833:
793:Karsanbhai Patel
781:Chimanbhai Patel
703:entrepreneurship
459:mother goddesses
224:, and later the
180:southern Gujarat
176:northern Gujarat
111:
95:
44:
32:
21:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3673:
3635:
3609:
3589:
3560:Sulaymani Bohra
3530:Sandhai Muslims
3520:Salaat (Muslim)
3321:
3176:
3152:Salaat (Muslim)
3053:
3022:
2994:
2928:
2882:
2751:
2707:Girnara Brahmin
2702:Bardai Brahmins
2675:
2673:Gujarati people
2670:
2635:
2620:
2614:
2601:
2589:
2584:
2572:10.2307/2794840
2554:
2545:
2539:
2524:
2521:
2519:Further reading
2512:
2497:
2492:
2474:
2469:
2454:
2449:
2431:
2426:
2411:
2406:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2335:
2330:
2310:10.1.1.507.9480
2294:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2135:
2134:
2123:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2009:
2007:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1938:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1899:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1847:10.2307/2060606
1827:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1772:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1724:, p. 2007.
1720:
1716:
1706:
1705:, p. 2005.
1701:
1697:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1671:, p. 2006.
1667:
1663:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1610:
1609:
1605:
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1303:
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1291:
1284:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1249:
1241:
1232:
1225:
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1210:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1116:
1115:
1100:
1093:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1004:10.1.1.970.9295
992:
991:
974:
964:
962:
953:
952:
948:
935:
934:
930:
920:
918:
884:
883:
879:
869:
868:
851:
847:
834:
830:
820:
787:Anandiben Patel
775:Keshubhai Patel
735:
699:chain migration
676:
668:dominant castes
537:(in this case,
426:
388:. According to
172:central Gujarat
160:
154:'s population.
133:dominant castes
73:Principally in
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3729:
3727:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3698:
3697:
3691:
3690:
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3687:
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3608:
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3590:
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3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
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3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
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3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3427:Makwana Muslim
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3202:Dungri Garasia
3194:
3188:
3186:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:Sathwara Salat
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2633:
2618:
2612:
2599:
2587:
2552:
2543:
2537:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2495:
2490:
2472:
2467:
2452:
2447:
2429:
2424:
2409:
2371:(4): 771â821,
2353:
2348:
2333:
2284:
2283:
2252:
2221:
2190:
2159:
2121:
2118:(2): 598, 603.
2102:
2100:, p. 148.
2090:
2075:
2060:
2045:
2038:
2020:
1986:
1955:
1936:
1916:
1897:
1877:
1840:(2): 157â169.
1820:
1789:
1770:
1748:
1733:
1714:
1695:
1680:
1661:
1646:
1644:, pp. 197
1642:Jaffrelot 2003
1634:
1603:
1572:
1560:
1556:Jaffrelot 2003
1548:
1536:
1521:
1509:
1494:
1476:978-1134061181
1475:
1455:
1435:
1416:
1401:
1386:
1371:
1356:
1349:
1328:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1282:
1264:
1247:
1230:
1216:
1201:
1189:
1174:
1172:, p. 268.
1159:
1152:
1134:
1127:
1098:
1091:
1073:
1061:
1026:
972:
946:
928:
903:10.2307/538561
876:
875:
867:
866:
845:
837:Kheda district
827:
826:
819:
816:
815:
814:
808:
805:Savji Dholakia
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
734:
733:Notable people
731:
723:Dunkin' Donuts
675:
672:
553:Kheda district
486:Kheda district
425:
422:
390:Jyotindra Jain
318:criminal tribe
238:Maratha Kanbis
226:Maratha Empire
207:Kheda district
192:Kutch district
159:
156:
79:
78:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3728:
3717:
3716:Shudra castes
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
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3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:Multani Lohar
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:Dawoodi Bohra
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3315:
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3142:Sompura Salat
3140:
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3127:Gurjar Suthar
3125:
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3067:Bhambi Khalpa
3065:
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2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2942:Aboti Brahmin
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
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2722:Nagar Brahmin
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:Aboti Brahmin
2690:
2689:
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2685:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2648:
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2630:
2626:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2613:9780195632996
2609:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2591:Pocock, David
2588:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2556:Pocock, David
2553:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2538:9780816649587
2534:
2530:
2529:
2523:
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2518:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2491:9781850653981
2487:
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2473:
2470:
2464:
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2459:
2453:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2433:Ghurye, G. S.
2430:
2427:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2387:
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2349:9781604976250
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2132:
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2117:
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2106:
2103:
2099:
2098:Hardiman 1981
2094:
2091:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2039:0271--01980-8
2035:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1987:
1974:
1970:
1969:Blogs.wsj.com
1966:
1959:
1956:
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1937:0-7623-0721-8
1933:
1929:
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1898:0-8122-3259-3
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1525:
1522:
1519:, p. 40.
1518:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1498:
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1478:
1472:
1469:. Routledge.
1468:
1467:
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1360:
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1335:
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1324:
1317:
1314:
1311:, p. 290
1310:
1305:
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1153:9781793611796
1149:
1145:
1138:
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1130:
1128:0-521-08353-2
1124:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
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1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:9780520250789
1088:
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1005:
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947:
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740:
737:
736:
732:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
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696:
695:professionals
692:
687:
684:
681:
673:
671:
669:
664:
661:
659:
655:
650:
648:
644:
639:
637:
636:Old Ahmedabad
632:
629:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
563:until it was
562:
557:
554:
549:
547:
546:sacred thread
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
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499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
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435:
431:
423:
421:
417:
414:
412:
408:
403:
401:
396:
393:
391:
387:
383:
382:Ikshvaku clan
379:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
345:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
319:
313:
310:
306:
296:
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290:
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284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:
262:
261:Mughal Empire
257:
255:
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246:
241:
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231:
227:
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222:Mughal Empire
218:
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212:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
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185:
181:
177:
173:
164:
157:
155:
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149:
146:According to
144:
142:
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126:
122:
118:
115:
110:
105:
101:
100:
94:
89:
85:
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72:
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64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3640:
3614:
3594:
3505:Patani Bohra
3450:Meta Qureshi
3326:
3181:
3072:Bhambi Rohit
3058:
3027:
2999:
2980:
2967:Kathi people
2933:
2887:
2790:Kathi Darbar
2756:
2717:Modh Brahmin
2680:
2623:
2603:
2594:
2563:
2559:
2547:
2527:
2500:
2480:
2457:
2437:
2414:
2368:
2364:
2338:
2300:
2296:
2289:Bibliography
2288:
2287:
2274:. Retrieved
2265:
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2234:
2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2203:
2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2172:
2162:
2150:. Retrieved
2141:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2093:
2084:
2078:
2069:
2063:
2054:
2048:
2029:
2023:
2015:
2008:. Retrieved
1999:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1968:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1926:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1887:
1880:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1802:
1792:
1782:11 September
1780:. Retrieved
1761:
1751:
1742:
1736:
1717:
1698:
1689:
1683:
1664:
1655:
1649:
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1616:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1585:
1575:
1563:
1551:
1539:
1530:
1524:
1512:
1503:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1465:
1458:
1449:
1433:, p. 54
1410:
1404:
1395:
1389:
1380:
1374:
1365:
1359:
1340:
1322:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1273:
1267:
1262:, p. 53
1245:, p. 52
1214:, p. 51
1192:
1183:
1177:
1143:
1137:
1118:
1082:
1076:
1064:
1039:
1035:
1029:
994:
963:. Retrieved
959:
949:
940:
931:
919:. Retrieved
897:(281): 247.
894:
890:
880:
871:
870:
862:untouchables
848:
831:
822:
821:
811:Hardik Patel
799:Pankaj Patel
688:
685:
677:
670:in Gujarat.
665:
662:
651:
640:
633:
630:
627:
592:
583:
569:
558:
550:
543:
493:
457:rather than
452:
448:
441:
437:
433:
429:
427:
418:
415:
404:
397:
394:
377:
366:
350:
323:
314:
308:
304:
301:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
264:
258:
242:
219:
214:
204:
196:Swaminarayan
169:
145:
136:
97:
83:
82:
29:
3664:Mahyavanshi
3618:communities
3616:Zoroastrian
3565:Sunni Bohra
3510:Patni Jamat
3337:Alavi Bohra
3031:communities
3029:Genealogist
2775:Dabhi Kolis
2684:communities
2276:20 December
2266:New18 India
2142:The Pioneer
1948:21 February
1813:18 December
1627:18 December
1596:18 December
1544:Ghurye 2008
1517:Pocock 1973
1042:(1): 5, 7.
715:franchisees
680:East Africa
467:bride price
400:British Raj
249:British Raj
232:, Amin and
211:coparcenary
141:British Raj
3700:Categories
3580:Vora Patel
3575:Turk Jamat
3372:Halaypotra
3362:Chundrigar
3288:Patanwadia
3132:Sai Suthar
2962:Bhanushali
2901:Bhanushali
2010:5 February
1834:Demography
1722:Decés 2011
1703:Decés 2011
1669:Decés 2011
1197:Bates 1981
818:References
623:Kshatriyas
580:endogamous
386:Kshatriyas
305:bhaiachara
209:through a
184:Saurashtra
3669:Thathagar
3460:Molesalam
3407:Khaskheli
2770:Chudasama
2566:: 71â72.
2435:(2008) ,
2403:146793414
2305:CiteSeerX
1568:Basu 2009
1431:Basu 2009
1297:Basu 2009
1260:Basu 2009
1243:Basu 2009
1212:Basu 2009
1069:Jain 1980
1056:143970195
1021:146239982
999:CiteSeerX
872:Citations
658:Ahmedabad
539:Kshatriya
475:Brahmanic
407:Ahmedabad
373:Kshatriya
309:pattidari
279:mahalwari
275:magulzari
266:zamindari
215:narwadari
188:Imam Shah
62:Languages
52:Religions
3678:See also
3540:Shaikhda
3440:Mansoori
3417:Machiyar
3377:Hingorja
3297:Rathodia
3292:Pateliya
3284:Padharia
3122:Sikligar
2853:Sarvaiya
2785:Karadiya
2593:(1972).
2478:(2003),
2270:Archived
2245:27 April
2239:Archived
2214:27 April
2208:Archived
2183:27 April
2177:Archived
2152:27 April
2146:Archived
2004:Archived
1973:Archived
1942:Archived
1903:Archived
1872:36538373
1807:Archived
1776:Archived
1621:Archived
1590:Archived
1487:19 March
1481:Archived
960:ThePrint
921:3 August
915:Archived
858:Brahmins
727:7-Eleven
674:Diaspora
643:Brahmins
607:Marathas
603:Patidars
494:en masse
482:Brahmins
478:Sanskrit
288:ryotwari
200:Charotar
137:en masse
104:Gujarati
88:Gujarati
65:Gujarati
56:Hinduism
3585:Vyapari
3470:Multani
3435:Mandali
3422:Makrani
3382:Hingora
3352:Bhadala
3269:Meghwal
3254:Halpati
3244:Garasia
3117:Panchal
3087:Kansara
3044:Motisar
3013:Bharwad
2981:Patidar
2915:Agarwal
2863:Solanki
2813:Jinkara
2765:Chauhan
2682:Brahmin
2580:2794840
2327:4132711
1909:20 June
1864:5163987
1856:2060606
965:14 June
652:In the
576:Rajputs
531:Gujarat
527:Ayodhya
502:Vaishya
492:status
490:Vaishya
463:dowries
455:Krishna
438:Patidar
434:patidar
369:Rajputs
358:Vaishya
334:Khatris
158:History
152:Gujarat
121:Gujarat
114:peasant
93:PÄáčÄ«dÄr
84:Patidar
75:Gujarat
35:Patidar
3654:Kapadi
3631:Parsis
3626:Iranis
3605:Navnat
3555:Sipahi
3485:Nagori
3455:Miyana
3387:Juneja
3357:Chhipa
3347:Baloch
3342:Ansari
3307:Tirgar
3302:Rathwa
3279:Padhar
3274:Naikda
3259:Kharwa
3234:Dhodia
3229:Dhanka
3207:Vasava
3192:Bamcha
3172:Valand
3167:Vanzha
3162:Vankar
3137:Shenva
3112:Mestri
3107:Mistry
3092:Koshti
3077:Gihara
3018:Rabari
2957:Charan
2947:Anavil
2911:Vaniya
2906:Lohana
2896:Bhatia
2878:Wagher
2868:Thakor
2848:Rehvar
2843:Rajput
2838:Rathor
2833:Parmar
2828:Nadoda
2803:Jethwa
2798:Jadeja
2780:Dodiya
2631:
2610:
2578:
2535:
2508:
2488:
2465:
2445:
2422:
2401:
2395:312172
2393:
2346:
2325:
2307:
2036:
1979:27 May
1934:
1895:
1870:
1862:
1854:
1768:
1473:
1347:
1280:
1150:
1125:
1089:
1054:
1019:
1001:
937:"àȘàȘŁàȘŹà«"
911:538561
909:
719:Subway
707:motels
647:Banias
645:, and
619:Naidus
617:, and
615:Reddys
595:Kurmis
519:Barots
498:Banias
471:bhakti
432:and a
411:Cambay
364:rank.
362:Shudra
129:Kadvas
109:KaáčabÄ«
70:Region
3659:Dhedh
3649:Khant
3550:Siddi
3525:Samma
3500:Panar
3490:Nayak
3480:Mutwa
3465:Momna
3445:Memon
3431:Malik
3412:Khoja
3397:Kagzi
3392:Kadia
3317:Vagri
3312:Thori
3249:Godha
3239:Gamit
3224:Dangi
3219:Damor
3049:Rawal
3039:Barot
2989:Kadva
2977:Kanbi
2919:Oswal
2858:Sagar
2823:Maiya
2808:Jhala
2794:Gohil
2576:JSTOR
2399:S2CID
2391:JSTOR
2361:(PDF)
2323:JSTOR
1868:S2CID
1852:JSTOR
1052:S2CID
1017:S2CID
907:JSTOR
854:varna
823:Notes
611:Kapus
599:Awadh
588:Kurmi
535:varna
515:Kusha
443:Patel
430:patis
354:Bania
330:Saris
326:Surat
283:narva
271:vanta
254:Kolis
245:Kanbi
234:Patel
230:Desai
125:Levas
117:caste
99:Kanbi
18:Kanbi
3495:Node
3264:Koli
3214:Bhoi
3197:Bhil
3157:Soni
3008:Ahir
2985:Leva
2972:Koli
2923:Modh
2873:Vala
2629:ISBN
2608:ISBN
2533:ISBN
2506:ISBN
2486:ISBN
2463:ISBN
2443:ISBN
2420:ISBN
2344:ISBN
2278:2020
2247:2021
2216:2021
2185:2021
2154:2021
2034:ISBN
2012:2015
1981:2018
1950:2022
1932:ISBN
1911:2015
1893:ISBN
1860:PMID
1815:2018
1784:2020
1766:ISBN
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