534:. These are in the form of a Yakshagana or Harikatha about Ramadasu and his songs. They are from six authors – Yadavadasu, Singaridasu, Krishnadasu, Ayyagiri Veerbhadra Rao, Balaji Dasu, and Pentapati Rao. Many contain between 100 and 108, but one has 137 songs attributed to Ramadasu. Taken together, a total of 190 different compositions have been attributed to him, with one critical edition attributing 37 songs before he was arrested by Islamic authorities, 64 while he was held in jail for 12 years, and 31 songs in the final years after his release. Thus, 132 songs are likely to have been composed by Ramadasu. Further, a notable feature of Ramadasu's compositions is his knowledge and his use of ragas from both South Indian schools (20 ragas) and North Indian schools (17 ragas), thereby uniting the two classical musical traditions.
361:
temple of
Bhadrachalam, partly with donations and partly with tax he had collected for the Golconda Sultanate, his arrest on charges of fraud and misuse of the taxes, he spending 12 years in solitary confinement in Golconda prison where he composed poems for the Lord Rama, his release and return to Bhadrachalam. In some version, god Rama and his brother Lakshmana reappear on earth and pay the ransom demanded by Golconda Sultanate for his release. In other versions, the Sultan under attack from Aurangzeb forces and facing imminent collapse, opens a new trial, finds him innocent and acquits him. The varying accounts are found in the records of the Dutch East India company, the temple's hagiography, and the regional Telugu oral traditions.
44:
464:) Ramadas was cast into jail with orders that he be released only after the exchequer received all the taxes in full. Ramadas implores Rama through many emotional songs that were popularized from the stanzas of 'Dasaradhi Sathakam ' and 'Keertanas' of Bhakta Ramadasa. They praise the Lord for all his mysterious ways in popularizing his devotees and Ramadas regularly sings to the Lord. The songs end in a state of total and unconditional surrender to the will of the Almighty.
522:, a bhakti poem with didactic metric style whose lines and stanzas are often sung or shared in the regional Telugu tradition. However, like the works of many poet-saints and philosophers on the Indian subcontinent, it is unclear which of the poems attributed to Ramadasu were authentically composed by him. There are six compilations named after Ramadasu, four of which are all called
284:, a term linked to the Narayana mantra, is believed to be linked to Sri Vaishnavism guru Raghunatha Bhattacharya, who initiated him as a boy into the Dasarathi tradition. These and other hagiographic accounts found in Yakshagana or Harikatha compilations present him as a boy-prodigy with an impulsively creative mind composing lyrics on the Hindu god Rama.
370:
280:. He was orphaned in the teens, triggering an impoverished life, sustained by singing bhakti songs to Rama and collecting rice door to door. His life story has been largely reconstructed from poems he composed or is assumed to have composed, where there is a mention of events of his life. For example, one bhakti song mentions
436:
here. In spite of its significance, the temple was utterly neglected. So, Ramadasu started to raise funds for the renovation and reconstruction of the temple. After he emptied his coffers and could raise no more money, the villagers appealed him to spend his revenue collections for the reconstruction
360:
There are contradictory stories about his life after he became the tehsildar and led the tax collection activities at
Bhadrachalam. All these stories share a common theme – he collecting Jizya religious tax from Hindus in Bhadrachalam area, he reconstructing or building anew the famed large Rama
514:
fame. He is most known for his pallavi, anupallavi and caranam compositions in Telugu and some in
Sanskrit. His musical mudras vary and are remembered by his name or his favorite place Bhadrachalam; for example, Ramadas, Bhadrachalavasa, Bhadradri, Bhadragiri, Bhadrasyla and others. His compositions
335:
In 1650, Gopanna traveled to
Hyderabad to meet his maternal uncles, who were at that time working in the tax department of Golconda Sultanate under the minister Mirza Mohammed Sayyad. They persuaded the minister to give a job to their nephew Gopanna. Mirza Mohammed Sayyad appointed Gopanna in tax
515:
were popular in his days, and influenced many into the modern age. This includes
Tyagaraja who dedicated 5 of his own compositions in praise of Ramadasu, with one equating him to figures such as the Narada muni and bhakta Prahlada, legendary and much loved personalities in Hinduism.
236:
lyrics to Rama illustrate the classical
Pallavi, Anupallavi and Charanam genre composed mostly in Telugu, some in Sanskrit and with occasional use of Tamil language. These are famous in South Indian classical music as
437:
and promised to repay the amount after harvesting crops. As such, Ramadas finished the reconstruction of the temple with six hundred thousand rupees collected from land revenues - without the permission of the
857:
The above krithis are sung on the occasion of
Bhadrachala Ramadasu Jayathi Utsavam, which falls in January and February of every year. Carnatic musicians and singers all over India will perform in this event.
311:. They helped their orphaned nephew Gopanna. Beyond this, little is known about his early life and much is shrouded in mythistory created by the later hagiographic tradition. He is said to have learned
299:
in 1672, Tana Shah's father-in-law. As reward for their material support during a period of power struggle with
Aurangzeb and the Mughal Empire, the brothers were appointed ministers at the court of
252:. He wrote the Daasarathi Satakamu (దాశరథి శతకము) with a 'makuTamu' (మకుటము) 'Daasarathee Karunaa payonidhee' (దాశరథీ కరుణా పయోనిధీ), a collection of nearly 108 poems dedicated to Rama.
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The story continues that soon after the reconstruction, his miseries started. He was dismissed from his job by his enemies who spread a lot of fake news. (near
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229:
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In non-scholarly claims feeding the popular imagination, many more compositions are attributed to him. For example, according to the Indian newspaper
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Ramadasu is one of the bhakti movement poet-saints of
Hinduism, and a revered composer in the Carnatic music tradition. His compositions are largely
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at the crest of the main temple. On the same night, it is believed that he saw Rama in his dream and asked him to have a holy dip in the
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349:(tax collector) of 'Palvoncha Paragana' by Akkanna, his uncle, who was then a minister and the administrative head in the court of
541:, Ramadasu composed nearly 300 songs and his works on Rama moved the Sultan. The Navaratna krithis of Ramadasu are as follows:
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rule. Different mythical stories about his life circulate in the Telugu tradition. He is renowned for constructing the famous
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there. Bhadrachalam is significant to devotees of Rama for many reasons. Lord Rama stayed near the
Parnasala there with
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2213:
452:. When Gopanna did so the next day, it is believed that he found the holy Sudarshana Chakra in the river very easily.
97:
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343:, a hagiographic Telugu text. It states that sometime after 1672, Ramadasu in his early 50s, was appointed as the
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776:
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Kancherla Gopanna (Goparaju), later known as Bhakta Ramadasu, was born in a moderately well to do
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1628:
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1411:
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collection department in Bhadrachalam, where the temple dedicated to Rama already existed.
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1703:
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This title denotes a person who not only composes lyrics but also sets them to music;
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and pilgrimage center on the banks of river Godavari at Bhadrachalam. His devotional
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As the temple was nearing completion, he was perplexed one night about fixing the
212:(classical composer) from the Telugu classical era. He was born in the village of
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17:
2015:, Sruti: Journal of the India Music and Dance Society, Volume 5, Issue 3, page 5
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1277:
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1932:
Doug Glener; Sarat Komaragiri (2002). "Chapter 23: The Might of the Mighty".
2082:
473:
401:
382:
345:
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277:
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near Bhadrachalam (although it is believed that Shabari used to live near
2134:"Raghavendra Rao plans to direct another spiritual film - Times of India"
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and 12 years in solitary confinement at the Golconda prison during the
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Thereafter he released Ramadasu and established a tradition to send
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festival and this tradition was continued by the next rulers like
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is believed to have been given direction by Rama to translate the
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48:
A statue of Bhakta Ramadasu singing a song in Rama's praise
1995:"The e-Abode of Bhadrachala Sree Seetha Ramachandra Swamy"
220:, and orphaned as a teenager. He spent his later years in
392:(fair) and was disturbed by the dilapidated state of the
861:
Other popular compositions of ramadasu are as follows:-
468:
Release and Sultan's unanticipated devotion towards Rama
2041:
B Rajanikanta Rao (1991), Ramadasu, Sahitya Akademi,
2024:
B Rajanikanta Rao (1991), Ramadasu, Sahitya Akademi,
1958:
B Rajanikanta Rao (1991), Ramadasu, Sahitya Akademi,
1909:
B Rajanikanta Rao (1991), Ramadasu, Sahitya Akademi,
1859:
The Ramayana in Telugu and Tamil: A Comparative Study
1761:
produced, directed, and essayed Kancherla Gopanna in
1977:"Ramadasu 'Karagruham' in Golconda fort vandalized"
467:
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34:
480:(golden coins with Rama's image on it) beside him.
2179:http://www.bhadrachalarama.org/templehistory.html
1829:Kuppuswamy, Gowri; Hariharan, Muthuswamy (1982).
2090:on 7 September 2006 – via The Hindu (old).
2013:Rescue of Bhadrachalam Ramadas from Imprisonment
510:genre, all focused on the Hindu god Rama of the
2086:. 14 September 2005. p. 03. Archived from
1935:Wisdom's Blossoms: Tales of the Saints of India
339:A different version of his career is found in
8:
1862:. Lakshminarayana Granthamala. p. 160.
388:Once, Ramadasu visited Bhadrachalam for a
295:(Tana Shah) gain power after the death of
42:
31:
1927:
1925:
1923:
268:family to Linganna Mantri and Kamamba in
1808:meaning singing or singable in Sanskrit.
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543:
2060:"Long long ago when faith moved a king"
1821:
1789:
1670:Ramachandraya Janaka Rajaaja Manohara
197:), was a 17th-century devotee of the
27:17th century Indian composer and poet
7:
2194:17th-century Hindu religious leaders
2174:http://www.karnatik.com/co1015.shtml
1893:Rao, Balantrapu Rajanikanta (1988).
1876:Rao, Balantrapu Rajanikanta (1988).
1871:
1869:
2162:http://www.bhadradriramadarsini.com
1899:. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 35–39.
1882:. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 17–19.
1765:which won the National Film Award.
404:during his exile and also visited
248:. Ramadasu was a writer of Telugu
25:
1804:denotes a singer with the prefix
204:, a saint-poet and a composer of
2219:17th-century classical composers
1856:Rādhākr̥ṣṇaśarma, Callā (1973).
476:saw Rama in his dream and found
2239:Indian male classical musicians
1800:denotes a word or speech while
1:
2234:17th-century Indian composers
2078:"A classical salute to music"
1148:Dorikane bhadrachala nilayudu
420:which is believed to be near
287:His maternal uncles were the
175:
82:
230:Sita Ramachandraswamy Temple
181:– 1688), popularly known as
64:Kancharla Gopanna (Goparaju)
2259:17th-century male musicians
472:After twelve years, Sultan
98:Khammam District, Telangana
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1938:. Shambhala Publications.
291:brothers. They had helped
2244:17th-century male writers
2224:17th-century Indian poets
256:Early life and background
194:
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74:Ramadasu, Bhakta Ramadasu
41:
2254:Musicians from Telangana
1832:Glimpses of Indian Music
1727:Dasharatha Rama Govindha
1580:Narahari deva janardhana
373:Sri Ramanavami Kalyanam
365:Reconstruction of temple
2167:2 February 2011 at the
1999:www.bhadrachalarama.org
1835:. Sundeep. p. 13.
1334:Nanu brovamani cheppave
1241:Dasaratha rama govindha
1396:Kamala nayana vasudeva
385:
54:Background information
1779:as Kancherla Gopanna.
1742:Paluke bangara mayena
1709:Charanamulae Nammidhi
1642:Pahimam sri rama ante
1119:Rama rama bhadrachala
1026:Iskshvaku kula tilaka
964:Ennaganu rama bhajana
678:Sree Ramula Divyanama
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355:Abul Hassan Tana Shah
2249:Poets from Telangana
1272:Charanamule nammithi
833:Kantinedu Maa Ramula
647:Paluke Bangaramayena
528:Bhadrachala Ramadasu
439:Abul Hasan Qutb Shah
293:Abul Hasan Qutb Shah
239:Ramadaasu Keertanalu
187:Bhadrachala Ramadasu
36:Bhadrachala Ramadasu
2011:T. Sharada (2003),
1210:Rama chandrayajanka
1088:Ramachandrulu napai
530:and another called
496:Nizams of Hyderabad
488:Bhadrachalam temple
379:Bhadrachalam Temple
309:Kingdom of Golconda
289:Madanna and Akkanna
150:bhadrachalaramadasu
2214:Carnatic composers
2138:The Times of India
2114:on 5 November 2013
1769:K. Raghavendra Rao
386:
305:Qutb Shahi dynasty
297:Abdullah Qutb Shah
94:Golconda Sultanate
2229:Indian male poets
1945:978-0-8348-2938-1
1842:978-81-7574-037-2
1738:in Poorvi Kalyani
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1456:Rama bhadra ra ra
1365:Thakkuvemi manaku
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520:Dasarathi Satakam
446:Sudarshana Chakra
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208:. He is a famous
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2199:Telugu poets
2141:. Retrieved
2137:
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2116:. Retrieved
2112:the original
2105:
2102:"- Sify.com"
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111:Bhadrachalam
29:
2209:1680 deaths
2204:1620 births
1425:Pavana rama
1401:Shenjurutti
933:Emayya rama
873:Composition
843:Khandachapu
553:Composition
492:Rama Navami
478:Rama mudras
394:Rama temple
351:Qutub Shahi
210:Vaggeyakara
179: 1620
135:Vaggeyakara
86: 1620
2188:Categories
1816:References
1759:V. Nagayya
1718:Rama Ra Ra
1672:in Kurinji
1549:Rama ra ra
904:Ye teeruga
808:Saurashtra
410:Kishkindha
226:Qutb Shahi
60:Birth name
2143:20 August
2083:The Hindu
2064:The Hindu
1981:The Hindu
1777:Nagarjuna
1771:directed
1757:Stalwart
1493:Manirangu
1124:Nilambari
539:The Hindu
490:on every
474:Tana Shah
462:Hyderabad
402:Lakshmana
383:Telangana
346:tahsildar
301:Tana Shah
278:Telangana
264:speaking
199:Hindu god
131:Tehsildar
2165:Archived
2047:20746068
2030:20746068
1964:20746068
1915:20746068
1896:Ramadasu
1879:Ramadasu
1802:Geyakāra
1763:Ramadasu
1680:Dhanyasi
1629:Sanskrit
1598:Sanskrit
1505:Sanskrit
1431:Dhanyasi
1412:Sanskrit
1406:Roopakam
1228:Sanskrit
1197:Sanskrit
1154:Kambhoji
939:Kambhoji
892:Language
746:Dhanyasi
629:(Thisra)
572:Language
512:Ramayana
418:Ramayana
317:Sanskrit
250:satakams
100:, India)
2118:9 April
1340:Kalyani
1216:Kurunji
1185:Kalyani
1094:Asaveri
486:to the
426:Pothana
414:Vanaras
406:Shabari
353:Sultan
321:Persian
303:of the
234:kirtana
145:Website
2045:
2028:
1962:
1942:
1913:
1839:
1695:Varali
1660:Telugu
1567:Telugu
1536:Telugu
1524:Saveri
1474:Telugu
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1383:Telugu
1352:Telugu
1321:Telugu
1315:Jhampa
1290:Telugu
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1166:Telugu
1135:Telugu
1106:Telugu
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1013:Telugu
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976:Rūpaka
951:Telugu
920:Telugu
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820:Telugu
789:Telugu
777:Kanada
758:Telugu
727:Telugu
696:Telugu
684:Sāvēri
665:Telugu
659:Rūpaka
634:Telugu
602:Telugu
590:Varali
508:kirtan
484:Pearls
434:Telugu
390:Jatara
375:utsava
331:Career
323:, and
313:Telugu
262:Telugu
191:Telugu
168:Telugu
117:Genres
1784:Notes
1775:with
1731:Kamas
1722:Kamas
1555:Kamas
1468:Tisra
1377:Chapu
1346:Chapu
1100:Chapu
1038:Chapu
715:Kamas
621:Atana
432:into
422:Hampi
381:, in
2145:2020
2120:2009
2107:Sify
2043:OCLC
2026:OCLC
1960:OCLC
1940:ISBN
1911:OCLC
1837:ISBN
1806:Geya
1713:Kapi
1278:Kapi
1253:Kapu
886:Tāḷa
879:Raga
566:Tāḷa
559:Raga
400:and
398:Sita
325:Urdu
202:Rama
174:) (
152:.com
133:and
105:Died
79:Born
1798:Vāk
1744:in
1729:in
1720:in
1711:in
1702:in
1693:in
1678:in
1654:Adi
1623:Adi
1617:Sri
1592:Adi
1561:Adi
1530:Adi
1499:Adi
1437:Adi
1284:Ādi
1222:Eka
1191:Ādi
1160:Adi
1129:Ādi
1069:Ādi
1007:Ādi
945:Ādi
914:Ādi
814:Ādi
783:Ādi
752:Ādi
721:Ādi
690:Ādi
627:Ādi
596:Ādi
424:).
416:in
377:at
307:in
276:of
216:in
185:or
2190::
2136:.
2104:.
2080:.
2062:.
1997:.
1979:.
1922:^
1868:^
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193::
176:c.
170::
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83:c.
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2001:.
1948:.
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