1709:
1560:
1436:
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1379:, and tensions flared when the government appointed supporters, rather than tribal chiefs, to powerful positions in the local government. When Mpandi was about to be appointed head of the Bajila Kasanja clan, provincial governor Alex Kande told him that he would only confirm the appointment if Mpandi joined the governing party. Mpandi refused to do so, and began to openly question the provincial and national authorities' legitimacy. The central government consequently refused to recognise Kamwina Nsapu's appointment as chief. That led him to contest the central government's power, and he began calling for an insurrection in June 2016. At some point, an investigation team raided his home for the first time, ostensibly to search for illegal weapons. Mpandi was outraged, and accused the team of not only "profaning" his status as chief, but also of attempting to rape his wife.
1576:, about 743 Kamwina Nsapu insurgents along with three of their commanders (including Lokondo Luakatebua and Mubiayi Dewayi) surrendered in KasaĂŻ in January 2019. In this way, the rebels showcased that they recognized Tshisekedi as new president and that they were ready to support him amid the ongoing disputes about the election results. By mid-2019, 1,500 rebels had surrendered. Although these surrenders were accompanied by a significant reduction in local fighting, it was estimated that around 90% of the insurgents had stopped fighting but not surrendered their weapons. Several rebels remained vary of the pro-government militias, as these generally remained under arms.
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44:
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them, Trésor Mputu
Kankonde, allegedly attempted to rally and reorganize Kamwina Nsapu rebels before being recaptured by Congolese security forces. According to the UN Children's Fund, 653 schools and 223 health centers were plundered amid the fighting between rebels and government forces in the Kasai region in May 2019.
1646:
hospitals and schools by the central authorities, "social and economic development of the region" and the release of imprisoned rebels as well as civilians. Since
February 2017, a purported spokesman of the group had also demanded the implementation of the agreement between Kabila and the opposition after the
1770:
also called for an investigation into the video. In an official statement, it said, "France condemns the bloody violence which has rocked the Kasai region for several months. It calls on the
Congolese authorities and security forces to shoulder their primary responsibility to protect civilians, fully
1542:
who had once been sentenced by the government to death for his extreme behavior. Increasing reports surfaced of the military having massacred both captured rebels and Luba civilians who were suspected of supporting the insurgency. MONUSCO estimated that
Congolese "state agents" had carried out 1,176
1371:
where he had been convicted in a diamond-trafficking case. Such chiefs exercise significant control over land and are required to be recognized by the central state even if they are selected according to traditions. This policy encourages chiefs to support the
Congolese central government to get its
1645:
As a result of its splintered nature, rebellion lacked clear goals. Common demands by members of the militia were, however, the return of and the proper burial of their slain leader, which the government conceded in March or April 2017, reparations for the chief's family, the restoration of damaged
1551:
By early 2018, the government had retaken most of the areas in KasaĂŻ and the surrounding regions which had previously been held by insurgents. Nevertheless, fighting continued and a new surge of violence in
February 2018 caused about 11,000 people in KasaĂŻ to flee their homes. On 15 September 2018,
1512:
On 15 April 2017, the government returned the body of
Kamwina Nsapu to the militia, one of its key demands, as a way of easing tensions and recognised his successor, Jacques Kabeya Ntumba, as a customary chief, as failure to recognize Nsapu had been a trigger for the fighting. Regardless, fighting
1682:
The Bana Mura militia, a group dominated by Chokwe, Pende, and Tetela, committed a string of ethnically motivated attacks against the Luba and Lulua. It was linked to the government and victims stated that the army and police accompanied it in attacks. It was reported to have committed atrocities
1583:
was particularly affected by an upsurge of violence. Exploiting the growing insecurity, a series of major jailbreaks took place in
Kananga during which several Kamwina Nsapu members managed to escape, including four militants who were suspected of having previously murdered two UN experts. One of
1455:
between 300 militiamen and the armed forces in a reprisal attack by the militia. At least six people were killed, including one civilian. By the next day, 60 to 75 were reported killed by the armed forces, while at least two servicemen had been wounded. On 14 February, United
Nations human rights
1615:
The
Kamwina Nsapu rebels were only loosely connected and operated in various autonomous factions. They lacked an "identifiable leader" since Kamwina Nsapu's death, but individual factions were known to have leaders such as "General" Gaylord Tshimbala and opposition politicians were rumoured to
1400:
Several of his followers refused to believe that he was dead and escalated the violence by intensifying their attacks on the security forces. As the violence by Kamwina Nsapu's men escalated, the uprising spread, and an increasing number of locals picked up arms against the government. Kamwina
1392:
Kamwina Nsapu incited his men with xenophobic language, referring to the regular security forces as foreign mercenaries and an occupation force. He caused a militia, named after him, to launch attacks on the local police. On 12 August 2016, he was killed alongside eight other militiamen and 11
1741:
1477:
On 18 February 2017, the Grand SĂ©minaire de Malole (Great Seminary of Malole) in Kananga was ransacked by Kamwina Nsapu militants. It was the first time that they attacked a Roman Catholic target. Shortly after the attack, both FĂ©licien Mwanama Galumbulula, the
1543:
extrajudicial killings against protesters and anti-government activists in 2017, and that most of these killings occurred in areas affected by the Kamwina Nsapu rebellion. By October 2017, the uprising had been mostly contained by Congolese government forces.
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As a result of the clashes, many parents have stopped sending their children to school. However, on 26 February 2017, Justin Milonga, the vice governor of KasaĂŻ-Central, said that the "insanity" needed to end and that children should resume going to school.
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As the conflict continued to spread and escalate in violence, the government sent hardened troops from eastern Congo to fight the Kamwina Nsapu militia. The commanders of these reinforcements were "notorious for their brutality" and even included a former
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1397:. Upon his death, the Congolese Observatory for Human Rights condemned his killing and suggested he should have been arrested instead. The government did not bury his remains according to local customs, triggering outrage among his followers.
1616:
support the uprising. The rebels were united in their opposition against the government and had adopted red as unifying colour of their uprising. Kamwina Nsapu fighters thus usually identified themselves by wearing red headbands or armbands.
3703:
1744:(MONUSCO) said in a statement that it was "concerned about the persistent conflict in the Kasais". It condemned the "recruitment and use of child soldiers" and "the disproportionate use of force" by the Congolese forces in retaliation.
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and Michael Sharp) were murdered in Kasai, with both the Congolese government and the Kamunia Nsapu militia naming each other as the culprits. A video published by the Congolese government on April 24 seems to point to the militia.
1567:
The United Nations estimated that about 5,000 people had been killed overall during the fighting by August 2018, though the violence did "still fall short of genocide". Several Kamwina Nsapu militias launched attacks during the
1631:. Elements of the Kamwina Nsapu militia were described as "cultlike" due to their beliefs. For example, recruits were reportedly forced to walk through fire and told that by undergoing the initiation ritual, they would be
1699:
The UN Human Rights Council denounced "slavery-like" practices on parts of Bana Mura militants who were involved in fighting the rebellion. They kidnapped civilians and consequently used them for forced labor on farms.
1559:
1755:
called for an end to the violence, especially the use of child soldiers. He said, "I suffer deeply for the victims, especially for so many children ripped from their families and their schools to be used as soldiers."
1513:
continued to escalate, with the time of April to June 2017 being the most violent phase of the rebellion. At the insurgency's peak, it was estimated that Kamwina Nsapu factions had grown to over 10,000 fighters. Local
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militant groups organized ethnic cleansing operations, driving Luba from large areas to deprive the rebels of supporters and recruits. Kamwina Nsapu rebels responded by increasing their attacks on non-Luba civilians.
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In January 2017, four militiamen were killed, and two policemen were wounded. A few days later, the rebels called for the removal of the governor, Alex Kande, and protested the visit of Prime Minister
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1421:. On 26 September 2016, the government announced that in total, 49 people had been killed (27 militiamen, 16 policemen and 6 civilians) and 185 militiamen captured since the fighting began.
1642:. Experts considered it likely that most of the rebels were children. Child soldiers were promised jobs and money and were often given drugs and alcohol in order to motivate them to fight.
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Nsapu's death meant that the rebellion effectively fractured into numerous movements, "all fighting for different reasons". The security forces responded brutally, escalating the conflict.
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The Kamwina Nsapu militia recruited thousands of child soldiers, with some being as young as 5, and Congolese authorities claimed that many in its ranks were under the influence of drugs.
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Two journalists have received death threats for their coverage of the conflict: Sosthène Kambidi of Radio télévision chrétienne in Kananga and Fabrice Mfuamba of Radio Moyo in Tshimbulu.
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Although relatively poorly armed, with most of their weaponry looted or stolen from the Congolese security forces, the rebels were strongly motivated by their belief in various forms of
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The security situation once again worsened in May 2019. Dissatisfied that the new government had not fulfilled its promises, several rebels had resumed their insurgency. The city of
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to honor those who had died during the Kamwina Nsapu rebellion. The organizers demanded justice for those who had been hurt or killed by the government forces and allied militias.
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Between October 2016 and June 2017, more than 3,300 people had been killed and 20 villages had been completely destroyed, half of them by government troops, according to the
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spokeswoman Liz Throssell announced that at least 101 people had been killed by government forces between 9 and 13 February, with 39 women confirmed to have been among them.
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2051:"Kamuina Nsapu: 5 ans après le conflit armé, les victimes attendent toujours que l'État leur rendre justice alors que les bourreaux circulent librement en toute impunité"
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2015:
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In March 2021, a Kamwina Nsapu militia leader, Laurent Nsumbu, was sentenced to life imprisonment by the Kananga Military Tribunal for war crimes. The NGO
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1490:, condemned the violence, and Justin Milonga, the vice governor of KasaĂŻ-Central, called for the Kamwina Nsapu fighters to negotiate with the government.
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A woman is evacuated by Congolese and MONUSCO police officers during a rebel attack. She has been stabbed by a machete. Kananga, 14 March 2017.
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such as cutting off toddlers' limbs, stabbing pregnant women and mutilating fetuses, and it was blamed for the murder of 49 minors in 2017.
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if they were killed in battle. Some fighters also believed that wooden weapons can be transformed into functioning guns by magical rituals.
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and the Chokwe. On 24 March 2017, militiamen reportedly killed and decapitated at least 40 policemen and spared six, who spoke the local
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1556:. Most of his forces, including the commanders of seven militias as well as 600 regular fighters, also laid down their weapons.
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2980:"Justin Milonga : "Toutes les voies de négociations sont en train d'être ouvertes avec les miliciens de Kamuina Nsapu""
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being the most notable ones. These militias allied with government forces, and became proactive as well. Chokwe, Pende, and
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between 2016 and 2019. It was instigated by the Kamwina Nsapu militia against state security forces in the provinces of
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782:
745:
633:
473:
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951:
794:
679:
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804:
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2020:
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Ndaye Kalonga Nsabanga, the leader of a rebel coalition consisting of 8 militias, surrendered to the government in
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971:
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264:
2635:
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4672:
4161:
4130:
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1281:
1140:
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4179:
4156:
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1068:
491:
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1266:
587:
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hailed this event as important in finally addressing the violations of human rights during the rebellion.
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580:
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2665:
2636:"AFRICA/DR CONGO - A priest who opposed the militiamen of Kamuina Nsapu was kidnapped and then released"
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A few days later, a video showing members of the Congolese military killing civilians in the village of
1155:
1135:
789:
594:
3781:"Democratic Republic of the Congo 2018 Harmonized Presidential, Parliamentary and Provincial Elections"
1563:
United Nations peacekeepers move into an area previously held by Kamwina Nsapu rebels in November 2018.
1501:
1336:. The fighting began after the militia, led by Kamwina Nsapu, attacked security forces in August 2016.
425:
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The conflict evolved from a rebellion against the state into ethnic violence. Most of the rebels were
1432:
who tried to stop the militia from taking children from schools was kidnapped but was later released.
43:
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on 30 December 2018. After the election resulted in the victory of opposition presidential candidate
1088:
976:
3727:"UN 'utterly horrified' by video appearing to show murder of two experts in Congo | World news"
17:
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1526:
846:
735:
546:
527:
510:
215:
161:
48:
Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo affected by the rebellion at its peak (dark red).
2725:
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4191:
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3796:"KasaĂŻ conflict assessment: Current Dynamics & Potential Interventions (February-March 2019)"
1821:
1736:
speaks with the press after meeting with MONUSCO and Congolese officials to discuss the conflict.
1239:
1207:
1093:
872:
866:
856:
851:
418:
230:
3013:"Après la psychose de Kamwina Nsapu, les élèves du Kasaï-Central appelés à reprendre les cours"
4932:
4776:
4445:
4304:
4239:
3750:
3212:"Three Kamuina Nsapu rebel leaders surrender in support for new DR Congo president Tshisekedi"
1325:
1321:
1160:
1058:
946:
740:
730:
672:
649:
83:
79:
2950:"RDC: le cardinal Monsengwo condamne les attaques contre des Ă©difices de l'Ă©glise catholique"
2450:"KasaĂŻ-Central: le chef Kamwina Nsapu est mort dans les combats contre les forces de l'ordre"
1359:
In 2011, Jean-Pierre Mpandi was designated to succeed his uncle and become the sixth head or
4880:
4780:
4572:
4274:
3878:
3340:
3115:"RDC: Kasaï: les experts de l'Onu s'inquiètent de l' " impunité " et de la milice Bana Mura"
2224:
1958:
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1317:
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United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1623:: Many Kamwina Nsapu rebels believed in gaining magical protection from harm by wearing
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1514:
1145:
1078:
1035:
517:
408:
201:
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3170:"Top militia chief and 600 'fighters' surrender in DR Congo's central Kasai region"
3079:
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1672:
1668:
1632:
1518:
1460:
1368:
1364:
462:
3336:"Mokambi ya ba Kamwina Nsapu Laurent Nsumbu aketelami boloko ya libela na Kananga"
3454:
2189:
1874:
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called for an investigation into the video of the alleged Mwanza Lomba massacre.
1471:
said that it had filmed in another country "to destroy the image of the D.R.C."
4927:
4922:
4471:
4245:
4000:
3245:"RDC: désappointés, des miliciens qui s'étaient rendus retournent dans la forêt"
2854:"RDC: une centaine de Kamuina Nsapu tués à Tshimbulu, selon des sources locales"
2576:
2157:"Democratic Republic of Congo: Kamwina Nsapu violence foretells deadly conflict"
1664:
1340:
486:
4543:
2606:"Au moins quatre morts dans des violences Ă Kananga, dans le centre de la RDC"
1620:
2824:"Look, They Are Dying': Video Appears to Show Massacre by Congolese Soldiers"
2573:"Kananga: 49 morts dans les accrochages entre forces de l'ordre et miliciens"
2543:"Analyse de l'attaque de l'aéroport de Kananga par la milice de Kamwin-Nsapu"
2298:"DRC's Kasai-Oriental province requires emergency assistance 600,000 says UN"
1409:
In September 2016, Kamwina Nsapu's militia captured an area 180 km from
2220:"Mounting Inter-Ethnic Tensions in DRC's Kasai Region Threaten New Violence"
2077:
Flash DESC : Les images barbares des soldats congolais au KasaĂŻ Central
1624:
1522:
1467:
said that the video had not been authenticated, and Communications Minister
1452:
1440:
1394:
156:
2076:
1428:. On 31 January 2017, a Roman Catholic priest from St. Alphonsus Parish in
3484:"MONUSCO STRONGLY CONDEMNS THE PERSISTENT VIOLENCE IN THE KASAI PROVINCES"
2477:
2475:
4368:
4089:
3841:
2887:"RDC: les miliciens de Kamwina Nsapu saccagent le grand séminaire Malole"
1600:
1505:
667:
339:
3365:"RDC : un procès inédit pour sanctionner l'impunité dans le Kasaï"
2513:"KasaĂŻ-Central: l'OCDH condamne la mort du chef milicien Kamwina Nsapu"
2263:"Congo government returns tribal leader's body to sooth Kasai tensions"
1748:
1604:
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troops also toured Nganza and Malole in Kananga to calm the situation.
1491:
1429:
1410:
1333:
888:
662:
91:
2190:"Congo-Kinshasa: Kamuina Nsapu Insurgency Adds to Dangers in DR Congo"
4621:
2107:"UN reports 251 killings in DR Congo's Kasai, 62 children among dead"
1628:
332:
1907:"UN accuses Congo-backed militia of crimes against toddlers, others"
1817:"Who's in Congo's Mass Graves? And Why Are Soldiers Guarding Them?"
1759:
On 19 February 2017, Mark C. Toner, the Deputy Spokesperson of the
1521:
who felt threatened by the rebels set up self-defense groups, with
1339:
There was an ethnic aspect to the conflict: the rebels were mostly
3606:"US Demands Independent Probe of Alleged Civilian Massacre in DRC"
2483:"RDC: affrontements meurtriers Ă Tshimbulu, dans le KasaĂŻ-Central"
1727:
1707:
1558:
1500:
1434:
1350:
2666:"En RDC, nouveau décompte macabre en cours dans le Kasaï central"
1638:
The militia had also been noted for its extensive recruitment of
3700:
French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development
3075:"Congo 'state agents' murdered hundreds in 2017, says UN report"
2696:"Congolese soldiers kill at least 101 in militia clashes - U.N."
1768:
French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development
772:
3813:
3056:"Mass graves in central Congo bear witness to growing violence"
2817:
2815:
2600:
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1221:
1007:
902:
817:
691:
646:
434:
343:
3696:"Democratic Republic of Congo - Situation in the Kasai region"
2753:
2751:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
1879:
3575:"Pope prays for victims of violence in DR Congo and Pakistan"
2881:
2879:
3636:"Vidéo de massacre: sous pression, la RDC refuse d'enquêter"
2138:
2136:
2134:
1954:"UN Investigator: Atrocities in DRC Fall Short of Genocide"
1930:
1928:
3478:
3476:
2914:
2912:
2726:"Congo probes video showing apparent massacre by soldiers"
1363:(black ant) of his Bajila Kasanja clan, part of the wider
3545:"Pope laments plight of child soldiers fighting in Congo"
3425:"Congo's violence fuels fears of return to 90s bloodbath"
3144:"DR Congo transfers 45 prisoners after daring jailbreaks"
2920:"RDC: le Grand Séminaire de Malole saccagé dans le Kasaï"
1875:"DR Congo's Kasai conflict: Voodoo rebels take on Kabila"
1447:, on 20 February 2017 to promote dialogue in the region.
5004:
2010s massacres in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3455:"DR Congo Kasai conflict: 'Thousands dead' in violence"
3277:[Suspect arrested after murder of UN experts].
3007:
3005:
2016:"Kamuina Nsapu Insurgency Adds to Dangers in DR Congo"
3666:"France calls on DRC to shed light on massacre video"
3395:"DR Congo: 40 police officers decapitated by militia"
2372:"Kamwina Nsapu militia kill 40 policemen in DR Congo"
1508:
peacekeepers on patrol in KasaĂŻ-Central in late 2017
1375:
Mpandi's home region supported the opposition in the
3275:"Verdächtiger nach Mord an UN-Experten festgenommen"
1419:
Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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3305:"UNICEF DRC Humanitarian Situation Report May 2019"
2760:"Massacre filmé au Kasaï, dans le centre de la RDC"
2444:
2442:
1388:
Beginning of the uprising and Kamwina Nsapu's death
1355:
Jean-Pierre Mpandi, known as Kamwina Nsapu, in 2016
5019:War crimes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4974:Civil wars in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2075:Jean-Jacques Wondo Omanyundu (18 February 2017).
2790:"Possible massacre de civils par l'armée en RDC"
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2323:
2213:
2211:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
36:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
3825:
3198:
2433:
2045:
2043:
1019:
914:
446:
355:
8:
4969:2019 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4964:2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4959:2017 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4954:2016 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3041:
2142:
2089:. Kasai Direct. Published 14 December 2017.
1934:
301:Thousands killed, captured, and surrendered
4836:
4476:
4229:
4005:
3857:
3832:
3818:
3810:
2366:
2364:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1815:de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (28 July 2017).
1218:
1026:
1012:
1004:
921:
907:
899:
814:
688:
643:
453:
439:
431:
362:
348:
340:
42:
33:
2398:"DR Congo tribal rebellion: What we know"
1868:
1866:
1864:
1312:, was an uprising that took place in the
3981:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
3515:"DR Congo: Pope Francis calls for peace"
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1774:On 13 March 2017, two UN investigators (
1451:On 9 February 2017, fighting erupted in
179:Jean-Pierre Mpandi "Kamwina Nsapu"
4524:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
4198:2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis
3138:
3136:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
2822:Gettleman, Jeffrey (17 February 2017).
1873:Byaruhanga, Catherine (24 April 2017).
1788:
3758:
3748:
3239:
3237:
2339:"Briefing: The conflict in Kasai, DRC"
1887:from the original on 26 September 2017
1829:from the original on 26 September 2017
862:Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila
4713:South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict
4634:2012–2013 Tana River District clashes
3725:Reuters in Kinshasa (24 April 2017).
3706:from the original on 22 February 2017
3676:from the original on 21 February 2017
3616:from the original on 22 February 2017
3585:from the original on 20 February 2017
3555:from the original on 22 February 2017
3525:from the original on 20 February 2017
3494:from the original on 20 February 2017
3375:from the original on 15 December 2021
3180:from the original on 16 November 2018
3023:from the original on 28 February 2017
2990:from the original on 22 February 2017
2960:from the original on 21 February 2017
2930:from the original on 22 February 2017
2897:from the original on 21 February 2017
2864:from the original on 20 February 2017
2834:from the original on 20 February 2017
2800:from the original on 20 February 2017
2770:from the original on 21 February 2017
2736:from the original on 20 February 2017
2676:from the original on 10 February 2017
2616:from the original on 21 February 2017
2583:from the original on 11 February 2017
2553:from the original on 20 February 2017
2523:from the original on 22 February 2017
2493:from the original on 11 February 2017
2460:from the original on 22 February 2017
1599:In August 2021, Kasaians gathered in
1343:and had selectively killed non-Luba.
624:Dissolution of the Lumumba Government
7:
3788:Carter Center: Expert Mission Report
3646:from the original on 12 October 2017
3315:from the original on 5 November 2019
3285:from the original on 11 January 2023
2646:from the original on 1 February 2017
18:Kasaï-Central clashes (2016–present)
4803:Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
4754:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
4269:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
3087:from the original on 19 August 2018
2758:Tilouine, Joan (20 February 2017).
2232:from the original on 19 August 2018
2028:from the original on 25 August 2017
1966:from the original on 19 August 2018
1671:, and they reportedly targeted the
1245:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
331:1.09 million internally, 35,000 to
190:No central leader since August 2016
4511:Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict
4053:Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria
3737:from the original on 24 April 2017
3604:Schwartz, Ken (20 February 2017).
3405:from the original on 28 March 2017
3255:from the original on 14 March 2020
3222:from the original on 14 March 2019
3113:Marie-France Cros (10 July 2019).
2701:. 14 February 2017. Archived from
2408:from the original on 21 April 2017
2378:from the original on 27 March 2017
2349:from the original on 9 August 2017
2273:from the original on 20 April 2017
2196:from the original on 28 March 2017
2167:from the original on 7 August 2017
2119:from the original on 7 August 2017
1909:. The News Nigeria. 20 June 2017.
1627:, specific leaves, and protective
1463:was leaked. Human Rights Minister
25:
4748:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
4451:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
3461:from the original on 15 June 2018
2308:from the original on 8 March 2017
1913:from the original on 20 June 2017
1732:UN Deputy Special Representative
1235:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
4578:2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention
3435:from the original on 8 July 2017
2724:Ross, Aaron (18 February 2017).
1648:December 2016 Congolese protests
1314:Democratic Republic of the Congo
235:
223:
209:
195:
139:
122:
96:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4595:Piracy off the coast of Somalia
3513:Boh, Elvis (20 February 2017).
3073:Jason Burke (25 January 2018).
2014:Hoebeke, Hans (21 March 2017).
1952:William Eagle (3 August 2018).
3334:Lisa Schlein (16 March 2021).
629:Torture and killing of Lumumba
1:
4896:2014 Lesotho political crisis
4853:RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)
4016:Communal conflicts in Nigeria
3363:Wendy Bashi (12 March 2021).
2374:. Al Jazeera. 26 March 2017.
2218:Lisa Schlein (6 March 2018).
2192:. All Africa. 21 March 2017.
1751:message on 16 February 2017,
1547:Low-level insurgency in KasaĂŻ
1417:before it was retaken by the
312:
166:Smaller pro-government groups
61:
4890:SADC intervention in Lesotho
4492:OLA insurgency, 2018–present
4446:Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon)
4203:ECOWAS military intervention
3923:2011–2014 factional violence
3054:Aaron Ross (19 March 2017).
2302:International Business Times
1151:M23 offensive (2022–present)
1074:2009 Eastern Congo offensive
746:Assassination of Habyarimana
317:(UN estimate by August 2018)
275:National Intelligence Agency
132:Various independent militias
4567:Puntland–Somaliland dispute
4422:Insurgency in Northern Chad
2670:Radio France Internationale
2487:Radio France Internationale
2057:(in French). 19 August 2021
1439:UN peacekeepers patrolling
1287:Child soldiers in the Congo
805:Ascension of Laurent Kabila
680:Non-aggression pact of 1979
304:Hundreds killed and wounded
5035:
5009:Ethnic cleansing in Africa
4858:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado
4679:Abyei conflict (2022–2023)
4534:Benishangul-Gumuz conflict
4399:Djotodia period, 2013–2014
4210:Western Togoland Rebellion
3670:Radio France International
3457:. BBC News. 20 June 2017.
3281:(in German). 31 May 2020.
3251:(in French). 12 May 2019.
2858:Radio France International
2155:Hess, Max (27 July 2017).
2021:International Crisis Group
1771:respecting human rights".
1570:Congolese general election
758:Great Lakes refugee crisis
255:Congolese security forces
4695:Second Sudanese Civil War
1766:On 20 February 2017, the
1740:On 11 February 2017, the
1484:Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya
1230:
1084:2014 North Kivu offensive
1043:
938:
830:
726:War in Uganda (1986–1994)
721:Second Sudanese Civil War
704:
659:
634:Death of Dag Hammarskjöld
470:
380:
308:
295:
282:
245:
172:
114:
52:
41:
5014:Child soldiers in Africa
4798:2008 invasion of Anjouan
4394:Civil War (2012–present)
4363:Pool Department conflict
2082:3 September 2018 at the
1367:, after his return from
1282:Western DR Congo clashes
1262:2011 coup d'etat attempt
4793:Hanish Islands conflict
4329:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
4180:Guinea-Bissau Civil War
4022:Herder–farmer conflicts
3946:Western Sahara conflict
1724:International reactions
1377:2011 national elections
1310:Kamuina Nsapu rebellion
1306:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
1277:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
1079:M23 rebellion (2012–13)
1069:2008 Nord-Kivu campaign
474:Force Publique mutinies
37:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
4999:Insurgencies in Africa
4616:Somali–Kenyan conflict
4505:Second Afar insurgency
4112:Sierra Leone Civil War
1761:US Department of State
1737:
1713:
1564:
1509:
1488:Archbishop of Kinshasa
1469:Lambert Mende Omalanga
1448:
1413:and then captured the
1356:
1193:Kasindi church bombing
967:October 2020 offensive
559:Port Francqui incident
325:estimate by June 2017)
173:Commanders and leaders
4875:Bophuthatswana crisis
4539:Oromia–Somali clashes
4457:Boko Haram insurgency
4417:Civil War (2005–2010)
4034:Boko Haram insurgency
3957:Clashes, 2020–present
3176:. 17 September 2018.
2579:. 26 September 2016.
2549:. 26 September 2016.
1731:
1711:
1562:
1504:
1465:Marie-Ange Mushobekwa
1438:
1405:Main phase, 2016–2017
1387:
1354:
1272:2013 Kinshasa attacks
1156:Anti-MONUSCO protests
773:Formation of the AFDL
296:Casualties and losses
241:Gen. Éric Ruhorimbere
128:Kamwina Nsapu rebels
4847:Mozambican Civil War
4807:Burundian conflicts
4787:Djiboutian Civil War
4499:Insurgency in Ogaden
4127:Liberian Civil Wars
4040:Niger Delta conflict
3702:. 20 February 2017.
3672:. 20 February 2017.
3642:. 20 February 2017.
3581:. 19 February 2017.
3551:. 20 February 2017.
3490:. 11 February 2017.
3019:. 26 February 2017.
2986:. 20 February 2017.
2956:. 20 February 2017.
2926:. 20 February 2017.
2893:. 19 February 2017.
2860:. 14 February 2017.
2796:. 18 February 2017.
2672:. 10 February 2017.
1089:2017 CNPSC offensive
603:Violettes Imperiales
27:Rebellion in the DRC
4886:Lesothan conflicts
4811:1993–2005 Civil War
4529:Afar–Somali clashes
4316:2022–2024 offensive
4311:2012–2013 rebellion
4153:Ivorian Civil Wars
3986:Tunisian revolution
3928:2014–2020 civil war
3908:2008 Kufra conflict
3845:conflicts in Africa
3790:. 19 December 2019.
3218:. 29 January 2019.
2705:on 21 February 2017
2612:. 28 January 2017.
1594:TRIAL International
1188:August 2022 attacks
847:Gbadolite Agreement
800:Overthrow of Mobutu
736:Burundian Civil War
4933:Colour revolutions
4731:Sudanese civil war
4583:2009–present phase
4323:Batwa–Luba clashes
4192:Casamance conflict
4069:Tuareg rebellions
4029:Religious violence
3975:Algerian Civil War
3891:Terrorism in Egypt
3761:has generic name (
3309:UN Children's Fund
3199:Carter Center 2019
2828:The New York Times
2519:. 13 August 2016.
2489:. 14 August 2016.
2456:. 13 August 2016.
2434:Carter Center 2019
1822:The New York Times
1738:
1714:
1565:
1510:
1449:
1365:Lulua ethnic group
1357:
1267:Batwa–Luba clashes
1240:Katanga insurgency
1208:Kirindera massacre
982:Nyamamba and Mbogi
873:Effacer le tableau
867:Kisangani massacre
852:Sun City Agreement
778:Massacres of Hutus
618:Other major events
499:Congo-Stanleyville
426:LĂ©opoldville riots
419:1944 Kivu uprising
106:Government victory
4994:Conflicts in 2019
4989:Conflicts in 2018
4984:Conflicts in 2017
4979:Conflicts in 2016
4941:
4940:
4906:
4905:
4826:
4825:
4777:Rwandan Civil War
4725:Blue Nile clashes
4707:Nomadic conflicts
4663:Nomadic conflicts
4466:
4465:
4305:March 23 Movement
4240:Angolan Civil War
4219:
4218:
3995:
3994:
3401:. 26 March 2017.
3044:, pp. 33–34.
2404:. 31 March 2017.
2269:. 16 April 2017.
2115:. 5 August 2017.
1677:Tshiluba language
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1217:
1216:
1161:Kishishe massacre
1059:Makobola massacre
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
952:North Night Final
894:ICC investigation
813:
812:
741:Rwandan Civil War
731:1991 Zaire unrest
687:
686:
673:Battle of Kolwezi
642:
641:
478:Secession crisis
338:
337:
326:
318:
205:(until Jan. 2019)
110:
109:
16:(Redirected from
5026:
4881:Caprivi conflict
4837:
4816:2015–2018 unrest
4622:Likoni massacres
4611:Ethnic conflicts
4573:Somali Civil War
4477:
4275:Second Congo War
4230:
4006:
3885:Post-coup unrest
3879:Sinai insurgency
3858:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3791:
3785:
3767:
3766:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3610:Voice of America
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3480:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3431:. 30 June 2017.
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3341:Voice of America
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3241:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3140:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3110:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3051:
3045:
3042:Mercy Corps 2019
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2446:
2437:
2431:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2345:. 31 July 2017.
2335:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2304:. 8 March 2017.
2294:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2259:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2225:Voice of America
2215:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2152:
2146:
2143:Mercy Corps 2019
2140:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2103:
2090:
2088:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2011:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1959:Voice of America
1949:
1938:
1935:Mercy Corps 2019
1932:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1870:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1812:
1659:Ethnic cleansing
1574:FĂ©lix Tshisekedi
1250:Operation Shujaa
1225:
1219:
1203:Mukondi massacre
1198:Makugwe massacre
1183:Otomabere attack
1064:Makombo massacre
1038:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1005:
933:
923:
916:
909:
900:
842:Lusaka Ceasefire
836:Operation Kitona
825:
823:
822:Second Congo War
815:
753:Rwandan genocide
699:
697:
689:
654:
652:
644:
523:Battle of Kabalo
465:
455:
448:
441:
432:
397:Congo Free State
375:
364:
357:
350:
341:
320:
316:
314:
310:Killed in total:
270:Republican Guard
240:
239:
228:
227:
220:
219:(from Jan. 2019)
216:FĂ©lix Tshisekedi
214:
213:
206:
200:
199:
185:
151:Allied militias:
145:
143:
142:
127:
126:
125:
63:
60:8 August 2016 –
54:
53:
46:
34:
21:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5023:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4902:
4863:
4832:Southern Africa
4822:
4765:
4736:
4683:
4668:Ethnic violence
4645:
4640:Baragoi clashes
4599:
4555:
4462:
4434:
4424:(2016–present)
4405:
4380:
4379:Central African
4374:
4340:
4334:
4263:First Congo War
4251:
4215:
4168:
4142:
4116:
4107:Ndogboyosoi War
4095:
4058:
4042:(2003–present)
4018:(1998–present)
3991:
3963:
3948:(1970–present)
3934:
3896:
3874:2011 revolution
3868:Egyptian Crisis
3847:
3838:
3805:. 10 June 2019.
3798:
3794:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3757:
3747:
3740:
3738:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3679:
3677:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3588:
3586:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3549:Catholic Herald
3543:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3376:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3311:. 31 May 2019.
3303:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3119:La Libre Africa
3112:
3111:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3011:
3010:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2918:
2917:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2885:
2884:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2432:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2337:
2336:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2296:
2295:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2261:
2260:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2141:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2112:The Independent
2105:
2104:
2093:
2086:
2084:Wayback Machine
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2013:
2012:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1951:
1950:
1941:
1933:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1872:
1871:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1814:
1813:
1790:
1785:
1726:
1718:Catholic Church
1706:
1697:
1689:
1661:
1656:
1613:
1590:
1549:
1480:Bishop of Lwiza
1415:Kananga Airport
1407:
1390:
1385:
1349:
1308:, also spelled
1302:
1301:
1300:
1291:
1226:
1223:
1213:
1212:
1111:Kipupu massacre
1054:Kasika massacre
1049:Lemera massacre
1039:
1034:
1032:
995:
972:Boga and Tchabi
934:
929:
927:
898:
884:Pretoria Accord
879:Bogoro massacre
826:
821:
819:
809:
762:
716:Shaba Invasions
700:
696:First Congo War
695:
693:
683:
655:
651:Shaba Invasions
650:
648:
638:
576:Simba rebellion
571:Kwilu rebellion
566:Kanyarwanda War
506:UN intervention
466:
461:
459:
430:
376:
370:
368:
327:
323:Catholic Church
234:
233:
231:Dieudonné Banze
222:
221:
218:
208:
207:
204:
194:
188:
181:
149:
140:
138:
123:
121:
98:
65:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5032:
5030:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4946:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4914:
4912:
4911:Related topics
4908:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4884:
4878:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4860:(2017–present)
4855:
4850:
4843:
4841:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4784:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4760:Kasese clashes
4757:
4756:(1996–present)
4751:
4750:(1987–present)
4744:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4733:(2023–present)
4728:
4722:
4716:
4710:
4709:(2009–present)
4704:
4698:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4637:
4631:
4625:
4619:
4618:(1963–present)
4613:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4570:
4569:(1998–present)
4563:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4517:War, 1998–2000
4508:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4487:Oromo conflict
4483:
4481:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4459:(2009–present)
4454:
4453:(1987–present)
4448:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4428:2021 offensive
4419:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4391:
4384:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4344:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4302:
4301:(2009–present)
4299:Ituri conflict
4296:
4293:Dongo conflict
4290:
4289:(2004–present)
4284:
4281:Ituri conflict
4278:
4272:
4271:(1996–present)
4266:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4248:(1975–present)
4243:
4236:
4234:
4227:
4225:Central Africa
4221:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4212:(2020–present)
4207:
4206:
4205:
4195:
4194:(1982–present)
4189:
4186:Guinea clashes
4183:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4092:(2012–present)
4087:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4055:(2021–present)
4050:
4049:
4048:
4037:
4036:(2009–present)
4031:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4012:
4010:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3983:
3978:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3952:War, 1975–1991
3942:
3940:
3939:Western Sahara
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3918:2011 civil war
3910:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3893:(2013–present)
3888:
3882:
3881:(2011–present)
3876:
3871:
3864:
3862:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3792:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3717:
3687:
3657:
3627:
3596:
3566:
3536:
3505:
3472:
3446:
3416:
3386:
3355:
3326:
3296:
3266:
3233:
3203:
3191:
3161:
3132:
3098:
3065:
3046:
3034:
3001:
2971:
2941:
2908:
2875:
2845:
2811:
2781:
2747:
2716:
2687:
2657:
2627:
2594:
2564:
2534:
2504:
2471:
2438:
2419:
2389:
2360:
2319:
2284:
2243:
2207:
2178:
2147:
2130:
2091:
2068:
2039:
1977:
1939:
1924:
1898:
1840:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1725:
1722:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1687:Child soldiers
1685:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1640:child soldiers
1612:
1609:
1589:
1586:
1548:
1545:
1426:Samy Badibanga
1406:
1403:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1348:
1345:
1326:KasaĂŻ-Oriental
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1257:Dongo conflict
1254:
1253:
1252:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1178:Masambo attack
1175:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
993:
988:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
936:
935:
931:Ituri conflict
928:
926:
925:
918:
911:
903:
897:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
831:
828:
827:
818:
811:
810:
808:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
780:
775:
769:
768:
761:
760:
755:
750:
749:
748:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
712:
711:
705:
702:
701:
692:
685:
684:
682:
677:
676:
675:
665:
660:
657:
656:
647:
640:
639:
637:
636:
631:
626:
615:
614:
613:
606:
599:
592:
585:
573:
568:
563:
562:
561:
556:
554:Kindu atrocity
551:
544:
543:
542:
530:
525:
520:
515:
503:
502:
501:
496:
495:
494:
484:
476:
471:
468:
467:
460:
458:
457:
450:
443:
435:
429:
428:
423:
422:
421:
416:
406:
405:
404:
394:
388:
387:
381:
378:
377:
369:
367:
366:
359:
352:
344:
336:
335:
306:
305:
302:
298:
297:
293:
292:
289:
285:
284:
280:
279:
278:
277:
272:
267:
262:
252:
248:
247:
246:Units involved
243:
242:
192:
175:
174:
170:
169:
168:
167:
164:
159:
135:
134:
133:
117:
116:
112:
111:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
84:KasaĂŻ-Oriental
74:
72:
68:
67:
58:
50:
49:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5031:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4918:War on terror
4916:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4719:Heglig Crisis
4717:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4701:War in Darfur
4699:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4657:Heglig Crisis
4655:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4628:Kenyan crisis
4626:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4550:
4549:War in Amhara
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4377:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4337:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4287:Kivu conflict
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:CĂ´te d'Ivoire
4145:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4046:2016 conflict
4044:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3913:Libyan crisis
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3835:
3830:
3828:
3823:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3804:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3764:
3759:|author=
3752:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3718:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3597:
3584:
3580:
3579:Vatican Radio
3576:
3570:
3567:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3506:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3460:
3456:
3450:
3447:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3374:
3371:(in French).
3370:
3366:
3359:
3356:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3330:
3327:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3201:, p. 63.
3200:
3195:
3192:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3150:. 18 May 2019
3149:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2929:
2925:
2924:Vatican Radio
2921:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2717:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2675:
2671:
2668:(in French).
2667:
2661:
2658:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2582:
2578:
2575:(in French).
2574:
2568:
2565:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2492:
2488:
2485:(in French).
2484:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2436:, p. 15.
2435:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2148:
2145:, p. 46.
2144:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2118:
2114:
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2017:
2010:
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1990:
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1965:
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1937:, p. 34.
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1776:Zaida Catalán
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1734:David Gressly
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1393:policemen in
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1361:Kamwina Nsapu
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1166:1st Kitshanga
1164:
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1154:
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1149:
1147:
1146:Kagogo ambush
1144:
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1124:
1122:
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1094:Uvira clashes
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1036:Kivu conflict
1029:
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162:Ecurie Mbembe
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76:KasaĂŻ-Central
73:
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45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
4779: /
4513:(2000–2018)
4341:of the Congo
4328:
4100:Sierra Leone
3853:North Africa
3802:
3787:
3739:. Retrieved
3731:The Guardian
3730:
3720:
3708:. Retrieved
3699:
3690:
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3669:
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3449:
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3429:The Guardian
3428:
3419:
3407:. Retrieved
3398:
3389:
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3368:
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3344:(in Lingala)
3339:
3329:
3317:. Retrieved
3308:
3299:
3289:14 September
3287:. Retrieved
3278:
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3248:
3224:. Retrieved
3216:Defense Post
3215:
3206:
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3174:Defense Post
3173:
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3147:
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3118:
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3080:The Guardian
3078:
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2703:the original
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2110:
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2054:
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2019:
1968:. Retrieved
1957:
1915:. Retrieved
1901:
1891:25 September
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1878:
1833:25 September
1831:. Retrieved
1820:
1773:
1765:
1758:
1753:Pope Francis
1746:
1739:
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1698:
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1618:
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1611:Rebel forces
1598:
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1473:
1461:Mwanza Lomba
1458:
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1391:
1374:
1369:South Africa
1360:
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1309:
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1303:
1276:
871:
834:
783:
765:
708:
617:
616:
609:
602:
595:
588:
582:Dragon Rouge
581:
547:
540:Camp Massart
533:
511:
463:Congo Crisis
392:Colonization
384:
328:
309:
265:Police Force
260:Armed Forces
254:
189:
182:
178:
150:
137:
120:
115:Belligerents
66:(c. 3 years)
29:
4928:Arab Winter
4923:Arab Spring
4892:(1998–1999)
4883:(1994–1999)
4849:(1977–1992)
4789:(1991–1994)
4783:(1990–1994)
4727:(2022–2023)
4715:(2011–2020)
4703:(2003–2020)
4697:(1983–2005)
4675:(2013–2020)
4650:South Sudan
4636:(2012–2013)
4630:(2007–2008)
4507:(1995–2018)
4501:(1994–2018)
4472:East Africa
4390:(2004–2007)
4371:(2016–2017)
4365:(2002–2003)
4347:Civil wars
4331:(2016–2019)
4325:(2013–2018)
4283:(1999–2007)
4277:(1998–2003)
4265:(1996–1997)
4246:Cabinda War
4242:(1975–2002)
4182:(1998–1999)
4001:West Africa
3988:(2010–2011)
3977:(1991–2002)
3887:(2013–2014)
3870:(2011–2014)
3803:Mercy Corps
3774:Works cited
3710:21 February
3680:21 February
3650:21 February
3620:21 February
3589:20 February
3559:21 February
3529:20 February
3498:20 February
3379:15 December
3348:15 December
3121:(in French)
3027:27 February
3017:Radio Okapi
2994:21 February
2964:21 February
2954:Radio Okapi
2934:21 February
2901:21 February
2891:Radio Okapi
2868:20 February
2838:21 February
2804:20 February
2774:21 February
2740:20 February
2709:20 February
2680:10 February
2650:20 February
2620:20 February
2587:10 February
2577:Radio Okapi
2557:21 February
2547:Radio Okapi
2527:21 February
2517:Radio Okapi
2497:10 February
2464:21 February
2454:Radio Okapi
2087:(in French)
2061:15 December
2055:Media Congo
1633:resurrected
977:Plaine Savo
857:Six-Day War
784:Thunderbolt
596:White Giant
589:Dragon Noir
487:South Kasai
414:during WWII
4948:Categories
4840:Mozambique
4544:Tigray war
3741:7 February
3519:Africanews
3319:5 November
3148:Gulf Times
2640:Vatican.va
2610:Africanews
2402:New Vision
1783:References
1704:Casualties
1654:Atrocities
1621:witchcraft
1347:Background
795:Kinsangani
790:Lubumbashi
709:Background
528:Jadotville
402:Atrocities
385:Background
329:Displaced:
4673:Civil War
4356:1997–1999
4351:1993–1994
4307:conflict
4162:2010–2011
4157:2002–2007
4136:1999–2003
4131:1989–1996
4078:2007–2009
4073:1990–1995
3091:19 August
2794:Le Figaro
2236:19 August
1970:19 August
1588:Aftermath
1523:Bana Mura
1506:Pakistani
1453:Tshimbulu
1441:Tshimbulu
1395:Tshimbulu
1383:Rebellion
548:Grandslam
512:Rum Punch
319:; 3,300+
291:Thousands
157:Bana Mura
4781:genocide
4480:Ethiopia
4388:Bush War
4381:Republic
4369:Pool War
4339:Republic
4256:DR Congo
4090:Mali War
3842:Cold War
3751:cite web
3735:Archived
3704:Archived
3674:Archived
3644:Archived
3640:La Croix
3614:Archived
3583:Archived
3553:Archived
3523:Archived
3492:Archived
3459:Archived
3433:Archived
3409:27 March
3403:Archived
3373:Archived
3313:Archived
3283:Archived
3259:14 March
3253:Archived
3226:14 March
3220:Archived
3184:14 March
3178:Archived
3154:14 March
3125:14 March
3085:Archived
3021:Archived
2988:Archived
2958:Archived
2928:Archived
2895:Archived
2862:Archived
2832:Archived
2798:Archived
2768:Archived
2764:Le Monde
2734:Archived
2674:Archived
2644:Archived
2614:Archived
2581:Archived
2551:Archived
2521:Archived
2491:Archived
2458:Archived
2412:20 April
2406:Archived
2382:27 March
2376:Archived
2353:8 August
2347:Archived
2343:Irinnews
2312:10 March
2306:Archived
2277:20 April
2271:Archived
2230:Archived
2200:28 March
2194:Archived
2171:7 August
2165:Archived
2123:7 August
2117:Archived
2080:Archived
2032:7 August
2026:Archived
1964:Archived
1911:Archived
1885:Archived
1827:Archived
1625:fetishes
1601:Kinshasa
1116:Kangbayi
987:Response
668:Shaba II
492:Invasion
373:DR Congo
283:Strength
147:DR Congo
71:Location
4560:Somalia
4121:Liberia
4009:Nigeria
3488:MONUSCO
3465:21 July
3399:Newshub
3060:Reuters
2730:Reuters
2699:Reuters
2267:Reuters
1917:20 June
1749:angelus
1747:In his
1695:Slavery
1629:amulets
1605:requiem
1581:Kananga
1554:Kananga
1540:warlord
1492:MONUSCO
1430:Kananga
1411:Kananga
1334:Sankuru
1141:Maimoya
1136:Bulongo
1106:Virunga
991:UN 1484
957:Marabho
947:Artemis
889:MONUSCO
663:Shaba I
482:Katanga
288:10,000+
251:Unclear
183:†
92:Sankuru
4877:(1994)
4868:Others
4770:Others
4762:(2016)
4741:Uganda
4721:(2012)
4659:(2012)
4642:(2012)
4624:(1997)
4588:AMISOM
4439:Others
4295:(2009)
4233:Angola
4188:(2013)
4173:Others
3968:Others
3439:9 July
1603:for a
1531:Tetela
1515:Chokwe
1486:, the
1482:, and
1330:Lomami
1131:Mwenda
1126:Tingwe
1121:Lisasa
962:Ndjala
942:Bogoro
534:UNOKAT
333:Angola
315:5,000
144:
103:Result
88:Lomami
4688:Sudan
4604:Kenya
3901:Libya
3861:Egypt
3840:Post–
3799:(PDF)
3784:(PDF)
2984:Radio
1673:Pende
1669:Lulua
1519:Pende
1322:KasaĂŻ
1224:Other
1101:Oicha
610:South
229:Gen.
80:KasaĂŻ
4410:Chad
4083:2012
4063:Mali
3763:help
3743:2018
3712:2017
3682:2017
3652:2017
3622:2017
3591:2017
3561:2017
3531:2017
3500:2017
3467:2018
3441:2017
3411:2017
3381:2021
3350:2021
3321:2019
3291:2020
3279:Zeit
3261:2020
3228:2019
3186:2019
3156:2020
3127:2020
3093:2018
3029:2017
2996:2017
2966:2017
2936:2017
2903:2017
2870:2017
2840:2017
2806:2017
2776:2017
2742:2017
2711:2017
2682:2017
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2622:2017
2589:2017
2559:2017
2529:2017
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2466:2017
2414:2017
2384:2017
2355:2017
2314:2017
2279:2017
2238:2018
2202:2017
2173:2017
2125:2017
2063:2021
2034:2017
1972:2018
1919:2017
1893:2017
1835:2017
1667:and
1665:Luba
1525:and
1517:and
1341:Luba
1332:and
1304:The
90:and
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3249:rfi
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