120:
376:
that expanded from the north into the south and settled in
Mesopotamia. On the other hand, if Kassite is the former rather than the latter, this suggests that Hurro-Urartian was an even larger language group and more significant to the region than historical experts have observed, and was perhaps spoken by far more people than previously thought.
375:
family has been suggested, based on a number of words. It is not clear whether
Kassite was a distinct language in the Hurro-Urartian phylum, or simply a Southern dialect of Hurrian. If it was the latter rather than the former, it could be surmised that the Kassites were merely a tribe of Hurrians
1280:
294:
technical terms relating to animal husbandry, including marks and color designations of horses and asses, found in
Akkadian documents, such as those found on a list of Kassite horse names,
241:
the translations of 19 Kassite personal names on the fourth column of a neo-Assyrian era name list, which occasionally contradicts information given in the
Kassite-Babylonian vocabulary;
1495:
1500:
613:
1330:
1270:
248:
to
Kassite equivalents of divine names, plants, etc.; for example, the plant names included in the four-tablet Babylonian Pharmacopoeia, uru.an.na =
1485:
1353:
1490:
606:
1195:
1183:
1260:
1410:
1400:
1395:
1088:
872:
867:
1240:
1475:
1415:
1385:
147:
from approximately the 18th to the 7th century BC. From the 16th to 12th centuries BC, kings of
Kassite origin ruled in
1265:
422:
1363:
704:
599:
1032:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1288:
1210:
1205:
861:
847:
622:
971:
1255:
1200:
801:
690:
372:
168:
66:
1069:
964:
914:
893:
884:
766:
683:
643:
1225:
1220:
985:
957:
948:
907:
978:
155:. As only a few dozen words are known, none of which have been demonstrably linked to any living or dead
1377:
1250:
1230:
773:
711:
404:
160:
360:
Genetic relations of the
Kassite language are unclear, although it is generally agreed that it was not
1358:
1348:
1338:
1188:
1042:
855:
739:
1405:
1178:
1163:
1098:
900:
822:
732:
725:
676:
634:
119:
1139:
1093:
1008:
1003:
998:
567:
559:
519:
474:
412:
459:"Kassitisch und Hurro-Urartäisch. Ein Diskussionsbeitrag zu möglichen lexikalischen Isoglossen"
1480:
1343:
1320:
1315:
1293:
1235:
1013:
936:
829:
361:
284:
195:
187:
184:
1305:
1298:
1245:
1173:
1168:
1125:
1118:
1048:
992:
930:
836:
794:
780:
697:
669:
657:
650:
551:
466:
365:
164:
357:
A lack of
Kassite texts makes the reconstruction of Kassite grammar impossible at present.
1132:
1083:
1037:
920:
815:
787:
746:
663:
203:
156:
57:
1310:
1078:
107:
1469:
571:
478:
245:
1215:
1023:
757:
287:
documents, principally from
Babylonia (especially in the period 1360–850 BC), from
202:
a
Kassite-Babylonian vocabulary with 48 entries, listing bilingual equivalents of
586:
191:
144:
125:
591:
470:
1390:
1109:
1059:
925:
555:
115:
180:
100:
81:
40:
198:
used for monumental inscriptions. Traces of the Kassite language are few:
194:
was mostly used for economic transactions during the Kassite period, with
152:
140:
563:
523:
416:
626:
148:
30:
718:
434:
Tablet K. 4426 + Rm 617 (II R 65, No. 2; V R 44, treated in Balkan,
539:
458:
291:
and from Iran; giving names of deities, people, places and equids;
544:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
288:
595:
510:
Jaritz, Kurt (1957). "Die Kassitischen Sprachreste".
338:
for bronze parts of a chariot, in contemporary texts;
268:, and terms in the eight-tablet synonym list Malku =
1376:
1329:
1279:
1152:
1107:
1067:
1058:
1022:
947:
883:
846:
756:
633:
98:
79:
74:
54:
46:
36:
26:
21:
206:, common nouns, verbs, and adjective(s), such as
16:Extinct ancient language of the Kassite people
607:
8:
1451:Families with more than 30 languages are in
504:Kassitenstudien. I. Die Sprache der Kassiten
322:, color and marking designations of equids;
1496:Languages attested from the 18th century BC
387:('protected') probably have the same root.
353:, a leather object, in an Akkadian context.
341:scattered Kassite words, such as the title
179:Based on the patchy distribution of extant
1156:
1064:
614:
600:
592:
18:
407:(1917). "The Language of the Kassites".
1501:Languages extinct in the 4th century BC
396:
371:Relationship with or membership in the
540:"The Question of the Kassite Language"
7:
409:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
379:Morphemes are not known; the words
283:many proper names in a variety of
151:until they were overthrown by the
14:
244:scattered references in Akkadian
118:
587:trypillia.narod.ru (in Russian)
139:) was a language spoken by the
1486:Unclassified languages of Asia
349:, "small metal ornament"; and
1:
463:Altorientalische Forschungen
465:(in German) (30): 372–381.
159:, Kassite is considered an
1519:
1271:Chukotko-Kamchatkan–Amuric
471:10.1524/aofo.2003.30.2.372
457:Schneider, Thomas (2003).
1439:
1159:
556:10.1017/S0035869X00036558
276:"rim" (of a wheel), and
169:Hurro-Urartian languages
163:at present, possibly an
1491:Agglutinative languages
1448:have no living members.
1331:East and Southeast Asia
538:Pinches, T. G. (1907).
298:, meaning unknown, and
576:Accessed 25 Feb. 2023.
330:, "spoke" of a wheel;
497:La lingua dei Cassiti
405:Theophilus G. Pinches
326:, "bit" for a horse;
161:unclassified language
167:or belonging to the
1476:Ancient Mesopotamia
1089:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
873:Northwest Caucasian
868:Northeast Caucasian
50:18th–4th century BC
1354:Austronesian–Ongan
1153:Proposed groupings
506:. New Haven, 1954.
364:; a relation with
1463:
1462:
1372:
1371:
1364:Sino-Austronesian
1148:
1147:
623:Language families
447:Tablet CBS 12617.
285:Akkadian language
188:Akkadian language
114:
113:
1508:
1431:Proto-Euphratean
1157:
1065:
1033:Great Andamanese
616:
609:
602:
593:
575:
527:
483:
482:
454:
448:
445:
439:
432:
426:
425:Tablet BM 93005.
420:
401:
230:"nether world",
128:
123:
122:
110:
93:
84:
60:
19:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1435:
1426:Paleo-Laplandic
1421:Pre-Finno-Ugric
1368:
1325:
1289:Greater Siangic
1275:
1261:Uralic–Yukaghir
1211:Ibero-Caucasian
1206:Elamo-Dravidian
1144:
1103:
1054:
1018:
943:
879:
862:North Caucasian
842:
752:
691:Paleo-Sardinian
629:
620:
583:
537:
534:
532:Further reading
518:(5/6): 850–98.
509:
492:
487:
486:
456:
455:
451:
446:
442:
436:Kassitenstudien
433:
429:
403:
402:
398:
393:
177:
157:language family
124:
117:
106:
91:
80:
70:
61:
58:Language family
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1516:
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1503:
1498:
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1366:
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1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
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1333:
1327:
1326:
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1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1285:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1256:Uralo-Siberian
1253:
1248:
1243:
1241:Serbi–Mongolic
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:Dravido-Korean
1198:
1196:Dené–Yeniseian
1193:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1184:Dené–Caucasian
1181:
1171:
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1160:
1154:
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858:
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850:
844:
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833:
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819:
812:
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802:Hurro-Urartian
798:
791:
784:
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770:
762:
760:
754:
753:
751:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
684:Paleo-Corsican
680:
673:
666:
661:
654:
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637:
631:
630:
621:
619:
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589:
582:
581:External links
579:
578:
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533:
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500:
499:. Milan, 1980.
495:Ancilotti, A.
491:
488:
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395:
394:
392:
389:
383:('ruler') and
373:Hurro-Urartian
355:
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190:of the native
176:
173:
130:
129:
112:
111:
104:
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76:
75:Language codes
72:
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67:Hurro-Urartian
65:unclassified (
64:
62:
55:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:
28:
27:Native to
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1266:Eskimo–Uralic
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1070:Paleosiberian
1066:
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965:Austroasiatic
962:
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950:
946:
939:
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929:
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917:
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915:Austroasiatic
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894:Indo-European
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767:Indo-European
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514:(in German).
513:
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388:
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377:
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369:
368:is doubtful.
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247:
246:lexical lists
243:
240:
237:
234:"young", and
233:
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49:
45:
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32:
29:
25:
20:
1452:
1445:
1444:Families in
1401:Pre-Goidelic
1396:Pre-Germanic
1226:Indo-Semitic
1221:Indo-Pacific
1216:Indo-Hittite
1131:
1124:
1117:
1047:
1024:Indian Ocean
991:
986:Austronesian
984:
977:
970:
963:
958:Sino-Tibetan
956:
935:
913:
908:Sino-Tibetan
906:
899:
892:
860:
835:
828:
821:
814:
808:
807:
800:
793:
786:
779:
772:
765:
745:
738:
731:
724:
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712:North Picene
710:
703:
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223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
178:
136:
132:
131:
99:
87:
1251:Ural-Altaic
1231:Indo-Uralic
1043:Sentinelese
774:Afroasiatic
740:Eteocypriot
502:Balkan, K.
411:: 102–105.
308:lagaštakkaš
266:šagabigalzu
218:"country",
192:Babylonians
183:texts, the
145:Mesopotamia
126:Asia portal
1470:Categories
1391:Pre-Celtic
1359:East Asian
1349:Austro-Tai
1339:Andamanese
1189:Eurasiatic
1110:North Asia
1060:North Asia
972:Hmong–Mien
926:Burushaski
885:South Asia
856:Kartvelian
823:Philistine
733:Eteocretan
677:Tartessian
550:(3): 685.
438:, pp. 1–3)
296:sambiḫaruk
272:, such as
252:, such as
238:"to give";
214:"falcon",
175:Vocabulary
1416:Pre-Vedic
1406:Pre-Greek
1378:Substrata
1281:Arunachal
1179:Nostratic
1164:Alarodian
1099:Yeniseian
949:East Asia
901:Dravidian
758:West Asia
726:Tyrsenian
572:164041744
512:Anthropos
479:163178607
351:baziḫarzi
300:alzibadar
226:"deity",
204:god names
181:cuneiform
101:Glottolog
82:ISO 639-3
41:Near East
1481:Kassites
1411:Vasconic
1386:Atlantic
1140:Eskaleut
1094:Yukaghir
1009:Koreanic
1004:Tungusic
999:Mongolic
937:Harappan
848:Caucasus
830:Sumerian
705:Ligurian
564:25210463
524:40453114
417:25189508
347:dardaraḫ
328:akkandaš
254:ḫašimbur
250:maštakal
222:"king",
210:"star",
196:Sumerian
153:Elamites
141:Kassites
108:kass1244
1446:italics
1344:Austric
1321:Kho-Bwa
1316:Hrusish
1294:Siangic
1236:Karasuk
1136: ?
1049:Kenaboi
1014:Japonic
979:Kra–Dai
940: ?
931:Kusunda
837:Elamite
809:Kassite
795:Kaskian
698:Camunic
670:Iberian
627:Eurasia
490:Sources
366:Elamite
362:Semitic
336:šaḫumaš
332:kamūsaš
324:iškamdi
320:timiraš
304:ḫulalam
280:"foot";
262:pirizaḫ
185:Semitic
165:isolate
149:Babylon
137:Cassite
133:Kassite
31:Babylon
22:Kassite
1306:Mijiic
1299:Digaro
1246:Pontic
1174:Borean
1169:Altaic
1133:Rouran
1126:Turkic
1119:Uralic
1108:Other
993:Turkic
921:Nihali
816:Gutian
788:Hattic
781:Turkic
747:Minoan
719:Sicani
664:Basque
658:Turkic
651:Uralic
635:Europe
570:
562:
522:
477:
423:Archiv
415:
318:, and
316:šimriš
312:pirmaḫ
278:ḫameru
232:simbar
228:miriaš
212:hašmar
135:(also
37:Region
1084:Nivkh
1038:Ongan
568:S2CID
560:JSTOR
520:JSTOR
475:S2CID
413:JSTOR
391:Notes
385:burna
343:bugaš
274:allak
270:šarru
258:kuruš
236:šimdi
224:mašḫu
220:janzi
208:dakaš
1453:bold
1311:Miju
1079:Ainu
381:buri
334:and
289:Nuzi
264:and
216:iašu
88:None
1026:rim
625:of
552:doi
467:doi
421:on
143:in
92:mis
47:Era
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