545:
30:
1650:
In 1574 the
Mahapatabenda of Colombo is beheaded and quartered by the Portuguese for treasonable communication with Mayadunne, the sannas grants of king Mayadenne to Sitavaka Tantula and Rajapakse Tantula of Ambalangoda for serving the interests of Sitawaka kings, Thamankaduwa, Diddeniya, Galagamuwa
588:
Insignia such as the pearl umbrella, flags, swords, trident, yak tail whisks, lighted flame torches and drums were previously widely used by the
Karavas at their weddings and funerals. By the 1960s, such usage has been greatly reduced, whereas some places is it still practiced.
207:
activities including the development of plantation agriculture such as coconut, tea and rubber. They also played leading role in the emergence of
Sinhala Buddhist nationalism in post-independent Sri Lanka. It is estimated that they form 10% of the Sinhalese population.
634:
Name based on leadership or armoured military office (Sannaddha/Sannadi) include
Hennadige, show a traditional military heritage and confirms the military origins of the group as claimed by Karava origin stories and family histories. Some of the popular surnames,
1534:
1391:
1589:
828:
1770:
Caste
Conflict and Elite Formation, The Rise of the Karava Elite in Sri Lanka 1500–1931. Michael Roberts 1982, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
517:
The
Karavas were coastal people, who served in naval warfare and contributed as coastal chieftains and regional kings. Their chiefs were referred in
1753:: Ancient Swords, Daggers and Knives in Sri Lankan Museums, P.H.D.H. De Silva and S. Wickramasinghe, pp.82,90,101–5 (National Museums of Sri Lanka)
117:
1143:
968:
941:
1808:
1203:
1785:
1775:
1758:
1724:
1697:
1559:
1501:
1474:
1443:
1416:
1358:
1249:
1176:
1116:
1031:
916:
886:
856:
776:
725:
297:
Studies on the establishment of caste system in
Sinhalese society show that the history of the Karava caste does not go beyond the
1751:
The sword of
Mahanaga Rajasinghe Kuruvira Adithya Arsanilaishta (1416 AD) – the oldest representation of the Makara knuckle-guard
488:
298:
1803:
1275:
290:. For instance, Kurukulattaraiyan was the name ascribed to 'the prince who wore a golden anklet' that commanded the army of
603:
naming system. Vasagama, literally meaning "estate (gama) in which one resides", is a title or surname that is given to the
128:
Dynastical origins of the community. This flag is also one of the main flags still used by the
Karavas at their ceremonies.
1517:
Nyrop, Richard F.; Studies, American
University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area; Army, United States Dept of the (1986).
1374:
Nyrop, Richard F.; Studies, American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area; Army, United States Dept of the (1986).
503:
party and political movement, who were involved in two armed uprisings against the ruling governments in 1971 and 1987.
369:
291:
1133:
552:
The Karavas were one of the few Sri Lankan communities traditionally entitled to use flags. A large number of these
1614:
357:
1828:
496:
361:
350:
275:
177:
1739:
1654:
The Karāva of Ceylon: Society and Culture, M. D. Raghavan pp.33–6,43,66,71–5 (K.V.G. De Sīlva ) ASIN: B0006CKOV2
578:
480:
319:
speakers. Some Karava families migrated from South India as recently as the 18th century. The Karavas north of
406:
336:
339:. It is evident that they had also patronised Mahayana Buddhism before its extinction in the Island.
248:
which means Tamil Karava mariner. The name "Karava" has also been proposed to be a corruption of the
241:
1528:
1385:
675:
518:
328:
80:
1168:
258:, following their origin story. Other historical counts refer to them and also the Karaiyars as
1689:
475:
between 16th century and early 20th century. Numerous organization were formed by them such as
1781:
1771:
1754:
1720:
1693:
1608:
1574:
1555:
1497:
1470:
1439:
1412:
1354:
1271:
1245:
1199:
1172:
1139:
1112:
1027:
1002:
964:
960:
The Intra-Group Dimensions of Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka: Learning to Read Between the Lines
937:
912:
882:
852:
772:
721:
577:. The sun and the moon, pearl umbrella are traditional royal symbols used by the Karavas. The
457:
380:
84:
958:
662:(also Baduge; house of carpenters, ship, Silmaguruge & boat builders, also descendant of
1813:
1466:
492:
449:
422:
414:
354:
347:
308:
161:
153:
136:
100:
96:
58:
717:
Inscriptions of Ceylon Vol. I (3rd century BC to 1st century CE in the Early Brāhmī Script)
1265:
1237:
554:
512:
410:
384:
373:
204:
280:
Many Kurukula communities throughout Sri Lanka and south India claim an origin from the
116:
1682:
1161:
685:
604:
530:
324:
316:
303:
281:
233:
192:
62:
1336:. University of London: School of Oriental and African Studies. pp. 59–66, 83–84.
934:
Caste conflict and elite formation: the rise of a Karāva elite in Sri Lanka, 1500–1931
1822:
663:
628:
418:
389:
125:
121:
1767:
RAGHAVAN, M. D., The Karava of Ceylon: Society and Culture, K. V. G. de Silva, 1961.
1220:
544:
1809:
The Maha Oruwa (The Last in the tradition of the Indigenous Sailing Ships): plate 5
559:
484:
453:
1460:
1313:
Colombo, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Ceylon Branch (1946).
573:(royal forehead plate) was a common practice among Karavas, also mentioned in the
1714:
1664:
1648:
1628:
1549:
1518:
1491:
1433:
1406:
1375:
1348:
1331:
1314:
1297:
1193:
1106:
1063:
1047:
1021:
984:
906:
876:
766:
745:
715:
647:("house of the Royal Mariners"), Patabendige ("house of the local headmen"), and
376:
were under the care of the minister Karunadhipati, the Patabenda of Yapa-Patuna.
1740:
Royal grant to a port Patangatin, Kingdom of Jaffanapatam, P.E. Pieris, p. 25-28
833:. University of Michigan: Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka. 1993. p. 137.
680:
655:
644:
624:
441:
312:
286:
1080:
1006:
Sri Lanka and the Maldive Islands, By Chandra Richard De Silva, p.111 & 137
581:, being an emblem of their clan, is the mount of their clan deity, the sea god
29:
1091:(1). Department of Social Sciences, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka: 58.
574:
394:
365:
184:
108:
1195:
Crucible of Conflict: Tamil and Muslim Society on the East Coast of Sri Lanka
500:
467:
ventures such as in coastal navigation, fishing, carpentry, transportation,
437:
398:
157:
45:
1780:
Social Change in Nineteenth Century Ceylon. Patrick Peebles. 1995, Navrang
1135:
The Presence of the Past: Chronicles, Politics, and Culture in Sinhala Life
797:
Dravidian Settlements in Ceylon and the Beginnings of the Kingdom of Jaffna
342:
The Mukkara Hatana describes that they won a three month siege against the
1026:. Archaeological Survey Department, Government of Sri Lanka. p. 288.
364:
after the death of his father in the war mentioned in Mukkara Hatana. The
1108:
Coup Theories and Officers' Motives: Sri Lanka in Comparative Perspective
538:
487:, a Karava lawyer and national leader, was an essential character in the
471:, coconut, rubber, graphite and other industries. The Karavas formed the
464:
429:
343:
249:
200:
188:
173:
104:
908:
Spiritual Leadership in the Entrepreneurial Business: A Multifaith Study
641:
Wachchi Hennadige, Weera Hennadige, Andra Hennadige and Warusa Hennadige
1081:"Immigrated national identity: Karava and Sinhalese Mask Drama (Kolam)"
690:
648:
537:(meaning "crowned one"), which was also used by their equivalent Tamil
444:. Large Catholic Karava communities exists ever since, who were mostly
402:
332:
320:
254:
237:
183:
The last mass migration to Sri Lanka happened in the 15th century from
165:
66:
989:. Department of Linguistics, University of Kerala. 1990. p. 110.
851:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 18, 75, 81–8, 131–40, 300–20.
659:
582:
468:
220:
are still debated. The name might be a modified version of the Tamil
169:
460:, and the King bestowed honors and titles to the Karava chieftains.
448:
prior to conversion. The Catholic Karava chieftains sided with the
417:
and revolted against the Portuguese. Kuruvita Rala also raided the
543:
472:
445:
196:
115:
1814:
The Bala (Power) Oruwa: world's fastest traditional sailing canoe
1221:"Dona Catherina was the direct heiress by virtue of her heredity"
1079:
Amarasinghe, Jayantha; Kariyakarawana, Saman M. (December 2014).
433:
1350:
Sri Lanka in the Modern Age: A History of Contested Indentities
830:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, Volume 36-37
1408:
Fisheries in Sri Lanka: anthropological and biological aspects
585:. The clan name Warnakulasuriya, denotes their deity Varuna.
558:
have survived the ravages of time and many are illustrated in
368:
mentions that in the 16th century, the heirs to the throne -
1578:
Ceylon and the Portuguese 1505–1658, by Paulus Edward Pieris
393:(also known as Antonio Barreto), who had his strongholds in
301:(15th–16th century AD). Historical manuscripts such as the
168:
royalty of the old Kingdom of Kuru in Northern India. The
1576:
Patangatin/Headmen of Chilaw baptised in 1606 at Malwana;
1316:
Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1267:
Rajavaliya, Or, a Historical Narrative of Sinhalese Kings
607:
descendants. The most common clans among the Karavas are
1798:
1669:. Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka. 1993. p. 137.
548:
A 19th-century representation of the Karava Makara Flag.
720:. Department of Archaeology. pp. 7, 83 & 113.
160:, whose ancestors migrated throughout history from the
771:. Cambridge University Press. 1965. pp. 18, 51.
651:(also Tantulage or Thanthulage, "house of experts").
147:
799:. University of London. pp. 109–110, 371, 373.
120:The Karava Sun and Moon Flag symbolising the Royal
90:
73:
52:
39:
1681:
1160:
294:(11th century AD) to end Chola rule in Sri Lanka.
1666:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka
495:and other Karava leaders formed in the 1960s the
360:was the son of a Karava chief who was adopted by
1799:Karava web site – Kshatriya Maha Sabha Sri Lanka
1068:. University of Sri Lanka. 1970. pp. 34–35.
658:(house of the ship/boat owners or sailors ) and
428:They were under Portuguese rule, along with the
1523:. Headquarters, Dept. of the Army. p. 111.
1380:. Headquarters, Dept. of the Army. p. 106.
747:Tamil culture in Ceylon: a general introduction
34:The Karava Maha Kodiya of the Karava Community.
1015:
1013:
986:International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics
236:. The earliest recorded instance could be the
1551:Caste and Family Politics Sinhalese 1947–1976
1259:
1257:
1052:. Sri Lak-Indo Study Group. 1983. p. 78.
878:Caste and Family Politics Sinhalese 1947-1976
598:
569:The sacred usage of conch shell and tying of
307:indicate that there were migrations from the
16:Maritime martial Sinhalese caste in Sri Lanka
8:
1533:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1390:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1319:. Colombo Apothecaries Company. p. 210.
1167:. The University of Chicago Press. pp.
379:The Karava chieftains resisted the colonial
323:are predominantly Catholic and bilingual in
22:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1554:. Cambridge University Press. p. 127.
1465:. University of California Press. pp.
1242:A Complete Illustrated History of Sri Lanka
936:. Cambridge University Press. p. 292.
808:
806:
790:
788:
739:
737:
195:. They have also given great importance to
1719:. Cambridge University Press. p. 18.
1438:. Cambridge University Press. p. 43.
1353:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 13.
1270:. Asian Educational Services. p. 75.
1244:. Vijitha Yapa Publications, 2012. p 397.
1111:. Princeton University Press. p. 33.
881:. Cambridge University Press. p. 27.
244:dating from the 1st century BC denoting a
65:also spoken by bilingual Karavas north of
21:
1590:"பட்டங்கட்டி | அகராதி | Tamil Dictionary"
1411:. Kumaran Book House. pp. 136, 137.
1299:The Karāva of Ceylon: Society and Culture
1138:. Cornell University Press. p. 159.
870:
868:
842:
840:
815:The Karāva of Ceylon: Society and Culture
709:
707:
705:
1302:. K.V.G. De Sīlva. pp. 36, 39, 143.
998:
996:
224:, where "Karava" has the same root word
1688:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp.
1023:Ancient Anuradhapura: The Monastic City
911:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 55.
817:. K.V.G. De Sīlva. pp. 5, 13, 195.
701:
1606:
1526:
1383:
383:in 16th century. The Karava Prince of
1804:Karava – the blue-blooded Kshatriyas
1651:and Matale Karavas and their insignia
1291:
1289:
1287:
1198:. Duke University Press. p. 61.
1100:
1098:
203:. The elite families are involved in
7:
1684:South Asia; seven community profiles
1065:The Ceylon Journal of the Humanities
900:
898:
761:
759:
757:
176:. Both groups are also known as the
40:Regions with significant populations
1713:McGilvray, Dennis B. (1982-09-02).
1333:The Portuguese in Ceylon, 1617-1638
463:The Karavas amassed wealth through
284:and the Kauravas of the Hindu epic
1493:Historical Dictionary of Sri Lanka
1105:Horowitz, Donald L. (2014-07-14).
849:Caste Conflict and Elite Formation
750:. Kalai Nilayam. pp. 53, 138.
654:Names based on profession include
191:confederation as mentioned in the
14:
1330:DeSilva, Chandra Richard (1972).
479:, one of the predecessors of the
489:Sri Lankan independence movement
315:, and that they were originally
28:
1490:Peebles, Patrick (2015-10-22).
1163:The cult of the goddess Pattini
564:Sinhalese Banners and Standards
331:, whereas the Karavas south of
1716:Caste Ideology and Interaction
1596:. University of Madras Lexicon
1548:Jiggins, Janice (1979-06-07).
1432:Runciman, W. G. (1989-02-02).
1020:Seneviratna, Anuradha (1994).
875:Jiggins, Janice (1979-06-07).
795:Indrapala, Karthigesu (1965).
714:PARANAVITĀNA, Senerat (1970).
232:meaning "coast" or "shore" in
1:
1633:. University of Ceylon. 1975.
1347:Wickramasinghe, Nira (2006).
1192:McGilvray, Dennis B. (2008).
768:Cambridge South Asian Studies
1496:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1405:Sivasubramaniam, K. (2009).
1159:Obeyesekere, Ganath (1984).
529:, which is derived from the
413:, led his and the troops of
353:in the 14th century AD. The
1435:A Treatise on Social Theory
599:
477:Ceylon National Association
346:, under the sponsorship of
148:
1845:
1680:Maloney, Clarence (1974).
1520:Sri Lanka, a country study
1377:Sri Lanka, a country study
510:
273:
164:, claiming lineage to the
932:Roberts, Michael (1982).
847:Roberts, Michael (1982).
497:Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna
276:Timeline of the Kurukulam
156:speaking ethnic group of
140:
95:
78:
57:
44:
27:
1459:Silva, K. M. De (1981).
1296:Raghavan, M. D. (1961).
1085:Journal of Social Review
963:. Springer. p. 48.
905:Fernando, Mario (2007).
813:Raghavan, M. D. (1961).
744:Raghavan, M. D. (1971).
481:Ceylon National Congress
216:The origins of the term
1264:Gunasekara, B. (1995).
1132:Kemper, Steven (1991).
1613:: CS1 maint: others (
1462:A History of Sri Lanka
1219:Fernando, A. Denis N.
957:Bush, Kenneth (2003).
549:
440:and were converted to
129:
1630:Modern Ceylon Studies
597:The Karava's use the
547:
311:coast of Tamil Nadu,
187:to fight against the
119:
91:Related ethnic groups
425:out of his capital.
246:Dameda karava navika
623:). Other clans are
619:(formerly known as
240:inscription at the
24:
23:Karava of Sri Lanka
676:Caste in Sri Lanka
550:
507:Traditional status
452:and the kingdom's
130:
81:Theravada Buddhism
1145:978-0-8014-2395-6
970:978-0-230-59782-2
943:978-0-521-23210-4
617:Mihindikulasuriya
458:Portuguese empire
358:Bhuvanaikabahu VI
242:Abhayagiri Vihāra
146:
114:
113:
85:Roman Catholicism
1836:
1829:Sinhalese castes
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493:Rohana Wijeweera
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423:Senarat of Kandy
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351:Parakramabahu VI
162:Coromandel coast
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313:South India
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697:References
575:Rajaveliya
527:Patangatim
465:commercial
395:Batticaloa
366:Rajavaliya
355:Kotte King
348:Kotte king
274:See also:
185:Tamil Nadu
109:Pattanavar
1529:cite book
1386:cite book
649:Thantrige
539:Karaiyars
523:Patabendi
519:Sinhalese
501:communist
438:Lascarins
399:Wellawaya
344:Mukkuvars
329:Sinhalese
212:Etymology
158:Sri Lanka
154:Sinhalese
97:Sinhalese
53:Languages
46:Sri Lanka
1823:Category
1609:cite web
670:See also
643:, Arasa
600:vasagama
571:Nalapata
430:Karaiyar
337:Buddhist
264:Kaurawar
250:Sanskrit
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201:commerce
189:Mukkuvar
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174:Karaiyar
105:Karaiyar
74:Religion
1004:Vaduga:
691:Kastane
664:Vadugar
403:Negombo
333:Colombo
321:Negombo
270:History
255:Kaurava
238:Prakrit
166:Kaurava
152:) is a
137:Sinhala
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562:book
533:term
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317:Tamil
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141:කරාවා
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