58:
1005:
1032:
977:
270:
1883:'s investigation into corruption in this scandal and events leading towards targeting the French nationals, to investigate the circumstances of the attack. Thévenet report, titled: "Nautilus", dated 11 September 2002, concluded that it was related to the discontinuation of payment of commissions. This report, although intended as confidential, was seized by the judges in the spring of 2008, in connection with another case, and forwarded to Judge
277:
1742:
613:
22:
1771:
in
Karachi, detonated his car with the moving bus, ripping the bus apart and severely damaging the hotel. In this attack, it was reported that eleven of the French navy's engineers and two Pakistani engineers were killed while 40 others were injured in this attack. The French engineers were working
1849:
operatives were sentenced to death for the bombing in 2003. The suspected bomb-maker, Mufti
Mohammad Sabir, was arrested in Karachi on 8 September 2005 and hanged in 2014. In series of lawsuits filed by the families of French engineers, there were several convictions on many suspected
1516:
deal that ensure his release, into the Navy's account in 2003–04—an amount that was said to be enough to pay the salaries of entire Navy for two years. In 1999–2005, there were several indictments and convictions held against civilian contractors and politicians by the
1238:
to naval officers and political figures to maintain the support of the program despite its cost. This policy was intended to "convince" political leaders and military officials, but such practices were declared illegal in France until the signing of the
57:
1710:'s private residence and campaign office as part of their probe into claims that he was involved in illegal political campaign financing. The French prosecutors leveled allegations on French politicians of their involvement in selling the
1403:, began looking into this matter and dug out the cover-up intelligence information in this matter, eventually launching his own investigation with new and most reliable leads that he had discovered when he looked into this matter.
1004:
1031:
976:
1150:
Upon hearing of the United
Kingdom's offer, the French government offered extremely lucrative monetary offers and generous financial credits to the Pakistan government in its annual federal budgets if it selected the
1669:
adviser to French presidential candidate
Edouard Balladur, into this weapons trade with Pakistan. On April 26, 1995, it was reported that €8.8 million were donated to the presidential campaign of former
3430:
2086:
260:
214:
3710:
2338:
3639:
3672:
3502:
1259:
698:. Pakistan abandoned talks with the Chinese Navy after the Indian contract with the Soviet Union was terminated over training issues and restrictions on Indian sailors accessing the
526:
890:-class submarines, which were available to immediate transfer for a much lower price than the French offer. Although Admiral Khan favored procuring the British submarines, his
3316:
4169:
3518:
3703:
3484:
1854:
operatives who were either hanged or facing solitary confinement in successive years, though the courts had acquitted three defendants by 2009 due to lack of evidences.
1263:
1345:" only to be handed over to the interested military and political figures. Civilian defense contractor, Zafar Iqbal, was a businessman who had financial ties with the
308:
575:
on 8 May 2002 in
Karachi that killed eleven French engineers in Karachi was in retaliation for the cancellation of these commissions. This theory was rejected by the
782:
2056:'s generals who worked towards with their naval counterparts to cover-up the investigations to prevent maligning the image of the Navy and the military as whole.
235:
810:, which Pakistani war strategists were less enthusiastic due to the submarine's noise and performance as they view it as "less tactical advantage" for Pakistan.
2052:, which according to investigators, were central in covering-up the scandal by quietly closing the investigations. Major allegations also directed towards the
2040:, reportedly testified in media that the "top brass of the Navy's leadership at that time had come from the Submarine Command (SUBCOM), including Vice-Admiral
1521:
in light of the inquiries conducted by the NAB and the FIA who were able to recover the large sum of amount into national treasury through the plea bargains.
464:
Commissions of 6.25% of the contract, approximately €50 million, were paid out to the lobbying firms in
Pakistan and France. Some €50m were allegedly paid as
3696:
3420:
3406:
1234:
to lobbying firms in
Pakistan and France as part of the common practice— a practice that the Pakistani government also followed to award commissions paid in
911:
3375:
1650:
and France in their respective currencies. The French courts eventually opened the inquiries and founded that the large part of the commission was used to
1178:
520 million but the programme of technology transfer cost $ 950 million, for which France first provided loans that were to be paid in five to six years.
3364:
1872:
1114:
922:
1136:
584:
3647:
3339:
685:
656:
548:
and attracted sensations and conspiracy theories in both countries, including this scandal's allegement of financing the political campaign of then-
3443:
199:
4279:
4239:
2957:
2422:
2264:
4304:
1808:
1536:
Liaquat Ali Malik was authorized under the unknown circumstances in 2002–03. Major allegations were also directed towards the senior ranking
1203:
took the responsibility of providing training to
Pakistan Navy's submarine command (SUBCOM). In Pakistan, the entire contract was awarded to
228:
2804:
4022:
3992:
2887:
2023:
301:
4299:
4254:
1801:
2137:
1954:
487:, secretly launched its investigations into this matter and began collecting physical evidence that eventually led to the exposure of
204:
3593:
3266:
2999:
2924:
2861:
2778:
2768:
2724:
2641:
2586:
2348:
2279:
2229:
2182:
1682:
866:
843:
627:
617:
556:
425:
443:
1921:
agreed upon restoring the rank (as former) but not the medical pensions that are enjoyed by the retired four-star officers in the
3388:
3189:
1999:
in 1994, who "was the real person to take away the big chunk because the deal was implemented in his tenure." Navy investigator,
1760:
1634:
opened the inquiry into this matter as French prosecutors were able to retrieve evidences from their
Pakistani counterparts. The
1426:
1277:
907:
765:
83 million cheaper than the French submarines. The
Chinese offer was rejected partly due to Navy exploring the idea of acquiring
689:
166:
3683:
2537:
2069:
when the latter was not found guilty but did not take actions against those naval officers who had received kickbacks including
404:
to procure the designs for the expensive and complex submarine, eventually signing the contract in 1994 for a sum equivalent to
4244:
3526:
3256:
1996:
1816:
1296:
1096:
891:
873:
832:
488:
294:
256:
161:
147:
142:
137:
132:
2451:
4007:
3239:
2714:
2091:
1938:
1842:
1603:
1556:
1494:
1132:
937:
473:
2914:
2626:
667:
activities in 1990. The motivation for procuring nuclear submarines was partly due to the Indian Navy's lease of the ageing
1949:
had to sustained strong criticism over the handling of the scandal by the former spies and investigators who served in the
1890:
The Pakistani investigators contested the French findings and cited their theory that the attack was indeed carried out by
1392:, and later joined the scheme when he accepted the subsequent financial amount that was transferred to Ashraf's account by
4249:
3290:
3054:
2251:
1950:
1891:
1820:
1627:
1548:
when Agosta commission case was exposed in 2000–03 to prevent tarnishing the further image of the military in the public.
1483:
1371:
1354:
1292:
1118:
642:
588:
1961:(NAVCOM) blamed the officers in the Submarine Command (COMSUBS) of receiving the commissions and kickbacks. In 2010, the
1357:
to conduct the further inquiry into business deals of Iqbal after receiving a reference from an anonymous naval officer.
4012:
2074:
1942:
1880:
1607:
1580:
1560:
1295:
had been tracking news of military officials being financially paid by France and Pakistan in a program overseen by the
1240:
956:
933:
580:
2989:
2576:
1815:
who orchestrated this attack in retaliation for the cancellation of these commissions— this theory was rejected by the
4309:
3678:
3159:
2846:
2167:
1059:
960:
510:, who took over the command of the Navy from Admiral Mansurul Haq, forced to attempt damage control of the situation.
1091:-class boats, which were available at a much lower price and in greater numbers than the French offer, others in his
1583:
in Benazir's administration. According to the FIA and NAB, Amir Lodhi was a close associate and business partner of
3861:
3751:
3741:
2501:
1946:
1777:
1719:
1690:
1461:
1022:
906:
submarine from France rather than procuring the readily available British submarines. There was a strong lobby for
899:
814:
766:
740:
729:
457:
phase, and would have taken years to manufacture and deliver. Nonetheless, the Benazir administration selected the
387:
380:
342:
42:
1508:
in 2001 in light of new evidences surfaced. Mansurul Haq later faced the accountability and transferred more than
967:
that the final decision was for the acquisition of the French technology over the British second-hand submarines.
4269:
4234:
4224:
4209:
3806:
2015:
1407:
1223:
1219:, as private accounting firms were hired as civilian defense contractors to oversee the accounting and finances.
748:
648:
518:
499:
364:
281:
177:
2371:
571:
according to the media reports. Other theories and subsequent investigative journalist reports alleged that the
4274:
4061:
3756:
2743:
1962:
1768:
1746:
1736:
1686:
1671:
1646:
civilian contractor, received millions of Euros as part of his commission, and then paid off lobbying firms in
1524:
Inquiries and findings that involved several high ranking admirals were subjected to a massive cover up by the
1518:
1417:
when he authorized a second sting operation that the arrests of several high ranking admirals in the Navy, and
769:, despite the fact that more Chinese submarines were available to buy. Due to the expensive procurement of the
572:
549:
545:
1871:
investigators in 2002 who joined the investigation. The DCNS recruited Claude Thévenet, an official from the
1303:. Knowledge on commission being paid to the naval officials were exposed when Naval Intelligence's spy chief
4264:
4259:
4229:
4219:
4214:
1333:
Alvi who confirmed his contacts with Zafar Iqbal, a defence contractor, and accepted "receiving millions of
1038:
824:
733:
703:
674:
465:
99:
4289:
4284:
3960:
3851:
2096:
2060:
2037:
2003:
1958:
1910:
1785:
1694:
1631:
1487:
1451:
1414:
1400:
1322:
1258:. The names of the recipients are still kept as secret but the amounts are known and were reported to the
1167:
660:
576:
484:
401:
353:
3876:
3955:
2033:
2007:
1988:
1364:
1307:
1078:
707:
668:
472:
to various senior Pakistan Navy admirals and officers as well as the political leaders. In 1996–97, the
349:
2218:
No easy answers: the development of the navies of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, 1945-1996
525:
to the political lobbyists involved in the bilateral deals until France began partied and ratified the
269:
3143:
1693:, the former French culture minister in Balludur's government, for questioning about the kickbacks on
4294:
3791:
1978:
1851:
1846:
1797:
1615:
1611:
1468:
1216:
1190:
1175:
807:
790:
786:
762:
758:
409:
119:
3917:
3912:
3454:
3425:
2216:
2070:
2011:
1992:
1838:
1572:
1568:
1350:
1311:
1208:
1199:
964:
952:
882:
The United Kingdom formally entered in the competition with France in 1993–94, offering their four
876:
836:
439:
398:
251:
2689:
1504:, announced to take over of inquiries and requested the extradition of Adm. Mansurul Haq from the
4159:
4083:
3970:
2770:
China's Economic Dilemmas in the 1990s: The Problem of Reforms, Modernisation and Interdependence
2665:
2019:
1922:
1812:
1501:
1250:, channeled money to political and military officials through front companies and individuals in
1227:
1011:
851:
797:
778:
752:
693:
522:
391:
368:
194:
1571:, the Defence Minister in Benazir's administration, Zafar Iqbal, a civilian defence contractor,
1318:
2829:
Captain Humayun Akhtar "Pakistan's Submarine Dilemma" AsiaPacific Defence Review July 1994 p. 3
4186:
4174:
3736:
3589:
3262:
2995:
2920:
2857:
2774:
2720:
2637:
2582:
2344:
2275:
2225:
2178:
1789:
1678:
1472:
803:
796:
Upon hearing the news in 1992–93, the Chinese government reportedly offered to sell off their
652:
541:
3583:
4181:
4076:
4029:
4002:
3907:
3866:
3824:
2045:
1974:
1918:
1914:
1884:
1834:
1827:
1823:
1700:
1674:
1655:
1651:
1584:
1576:
1525:
1498:
1418:
1378:
1204:
1156:
1103:
929:
552:
503:
477:
172:
114:
3688:
2479:
1048:. Initially interested, the Navy opted out from this deal due to the expensive procurement.
3886:
3881:
3871:
2041:
1715:
1707:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1533:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1315:
1071:
855:
537:
326:
276:
3617:
1124:
submarines, were on the idea of utilizing the air-independent propulsion technology that
1741:
1563:
investigations also implicated the civilian defence contractor, Amir Lodhi (brother Dr.
595:
had carried out the terrorist attack in Karachi, mistaking the French nationals for the
3902:
3856:
2842:
2622:
2212:
1864:
1764:
1588:
1422:
1346:
1280:
1235:
1182:
1171:
1092:
1067:
883:
840:
820:
624:
560:
530:
421:
357:
345:
209:
94:
89:
72:
3519:"SHC gives govt last chance to reply on Mansurul Haq's petition | Pakistan News Index"
1599:
of being benefactory of the scheme, though he failed to provide subsequent evidences.
1266:
in 2000, as these commissions are 6.25% of the contract amount. The French newspaper,
1155:–90Bravo submarines, which had the additional advantage of keeping the "underemployed
449:-class submarines, which were already available and at a lesser cost than newly build
4203:
4142:
4130:
4101:
4066:
4056:
3965:
2694:. Centre for South Asian Studies, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab. 1992
2545:
2065:
editorial gave criticism to Fasih Bokhari of quietly closed the case against retired
2053:
2049:
1934:
1868:
1859:
1662:
1596:
1592:
1529:
1505:
1434:
1430:
1385:
1381:
1268:
1110:
991:
987:
918:
847:
630:
507:
34:
3472:
3112:
1830:
to release the details of mastermind, Sharib Zubair, arrested on 18 September 2002.
813:
Eventually, Pakistan entered in negotiation with France over the procurement of the
612:
4164:
4071:
3997:
3928:
3796:
3459:
2272:
Supplying the Enemy: The Modern Arms Industry & the Military–Industrial Complex
2066:
2030:
2000:
1985:
1906:
1876:
1564:
1513:
1479:
1475:
1464:
1411:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1375:
1361:
1360:
The investigative leads, case studies, and the evidences were then compiled by the
1304:
1300:
1212:
1186:
1107:
1100:
926:
915:
872:
diesel-electric submarines to the Pakistan Navy, an offer which was favored by the
699:
681:
495:
481:
30:
3801:
3786:
2854:
Pakistan's Arms Procurement and Military Buildup, 1979-99: In Search of a Policy
2634:
Pakistan's Arms Procurement and Military Buildup, 1979-99: In Search of a Policy
1455:
1194:
1125:
664:
1752:
in Karachi in 2007. The blast severely damaged the 15-story high hotel in 2002.
431:
submarines, which were being decommissioned from the military service with the
4108:
3746:
3556:
3215:
3094:(in Urdu). Karachi, Pakistan: Dawn News Network, 2010 P-III. Dawn News Network
3084:
3028:
2308:
1837:
with their lawyers arguing for financial compensation from the governments of
895:
862:
432:
184:
1722:
in Balladur's government in 1995, had denied any involvement in the scandal.
3127:
1966:
1899:
1773:
1666:
1509:
1342:
879:, who began lobbying for the British submarines over the French submarines.
596:
454:
2888:"Agosta submarine deal - Benazir, Zardari not involved: ex-naval spy chief"
2805:"Agosta submarine deal - Benazir, Zardari not involved: ex-naval spy chief"
2309:"REPORTER-Kickbacks and commissions in Agosta submarine case-Part-3-Clip-1"
1207:
by the Government of Pakistan, that opened the employment opportunities in
529:
that led to the outlawing the practice of awarding monetary commissions in
3557:"Reporter - Agosta Submarine Corruption More revelations! - Ep80 - Part 2"
3216:"Reporter - Agosta Submarine Corruption More revelations! - Ep80 - Part 2"
3029:"Reporter - Agosta Submarine Corruption More revelations! - Ep80 - Part 1"
2983:
2981:
2979:
1833:
The families of eleven killed French engineers filed multiple lawsuits in
1062:
had been considering acquiring and commissioning the four diesel-electric
461:, taking advantage of the lucrative financial credits provided by France.
4147:
2340:
Stolen Stripes and Broken Medals: Autobiography of a Senior Naval Officer
1970:
1895:
1793:
1757:
1647:
1537:
1251:
1117:, who were submariners by profession and had trained in the French-built
592:
564:
376:
1021:. The Navy rejected the proposal due to focusing towards acquisition of
390:(AIP) proprietary designs, which Pakistan was eager to acquire over the
4017:
1545:
1174:
signed off a submarine procurement deal that was initially budgeted at
492:
413:
338:
21:
2224:(3 ed.). Hartford, Wi, U.S.: Spantech & Lancer. p. 269.
1143:
class which were then readily available, for a lower prince while the
831:
90B prototype in 1992. At this time, the personal connections between
4152:
3781:
2502:"No talk about corruption or kickbacks: Haider - The Express Tribune"
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
1552:
1541:
1349:
and had access to the sensitive accounting departments linked to the
1273:
1255:
1247:
1045:
732:
as a substitute for nuclear-powered submarines. Sweden offered their
725:
717:
568:
514:
417:
416:). Negotiations and the decision-making for defense procurement with
372:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2396:
2318:(in Urdu). Islamabad: Dawn News Network, 2010 P-I. Dawn News Network
1913:, seeking to restore his military rank and medical pensions, at the
1614:
30 million from the benefitted parties though it was reported that ~
563:
cancelled the commissions and kickbacks, angering many officials in
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
2670:. United States Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
1147:
s had yet to be built, and would have taken years to be delivered.
4135:
3640:"Why Admiral Bokhari is a favourite of Zardari, rejected by Nawaz"
3317:"Ex-French PM Balladur investigated over Karachi kickbacks affair"
1740:
1540:
who played a crucial role in covering-up other defence deals with
1163:
1018:
744:
721:
611:
20:
2882:
2880:
2570:
2568:
2566:
1800:
operatives who later confessed that the attacks were supposed to
1087:
With the Chief of Naval Staff Admiral S.M. Khan lobbying for the
3078:
3076:
2480:
France: Investigation of 2002 Karachi bombing implicates Sarkozy
1334:
1231:
1181:
In 1994, the French government awarded the defence contracts to
951:
When the retirement of Admiral S.M. Khan was confirmed in 1994,
898:
had provided strong lobbying in the government of procuring the
777:
was comparatively outdated, the Navy abandoned their talks with
405:
3692:
3022:
3020:
3018:
1796:, and later Pakistani crime-scene investigators linked it with
1384:, did look into this matter but the efforts were hampered when
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2087:
Corruption charges against Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari
1661:
The French court investigation also founded the connection of
2445:
2443:
2302:
2300:
2298:
1575:, Defence Production minister in Benazir administration, and
1077:
frigates and commissioned them into the Pakistan Navy as the
861:
Learning that Pakistan was in the market for submarines, the
498:, in receiving massive monetary commissions in 1997. Massive
3365:
Affaire Karachi: les juges sur la piste de comptes en Suisse
2799:
2797:
2581:. Karachi, Pakistan: PN Book Club Publication. p. 487.
2544:. The Friday Times, Chisti. The Friday Times. Archived from
1714:
submarine commissions that was used in political campaigns.
3183:
3181:
3179:
2738:
2736:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2132:
397:
In 1992, the Benazir administration began negotiating with
3512:
3510:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
1070:, which were made available after Pakistan had bought the
3679:
French suspect in ‘Karachi Affair’ grilled in Switzerland
3455:
Suicide bomber kills 11 French engineers at Karachi hotel
3255:
Cole, Alistair; Meunier, Sophie; Tiberj, Vincent (2013).
3240:"Zardari 'pocketed millions' in French subs deal: report"
2837:
2835:
1863:, the links between the attack and the activities of the
3444:
Nicolas Sarkozy financial 'affaires' return to haunt him
2508:. The Express Tribune, Karachi 2010. The Express Tribune
1222:
In 1994–96, the French government paid large amounts of
986:-class nuclear submarine offered by China. Rejection by
728:
over the procurement and acquisition of submarines with
3503:
Timeline: The Karachi bombing and kickbacks allegations
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
1618:
28 million were still untraceable and unaccounted for.
1276:
continued until 2001, when they were stopped by former
424:
later entering in the competition by offering its four
3673:
Timeline: The Karachi bombing and kickback allegations
3525:. pakistannewsindex. pakistannewsindex. Archived from
3376:
French ex-minister questioned in 'Karachigate' inquiry
2138:"PPP govt, not Navy, purchased French subs, in a deal"
1446:
Pakistan: Relief of Mansurul Haq and massive cover-ups
1367:
who passed it further to the acting director in 1995.
2958:"'Bribes and bombs' scandal returns to haunt Sarkozy"
2423:"Villepin backs 'Karachigate' claims against Sarkozy"
1925:– Haq later died from chronic heart disease in 2018.
442:
wanted to procure the four used British-manufactured
3421:"Nicolas Sarkozy to be questioned in Karachi affair"
3407:"Nicolas Sarkozy to be questioned in Karachi affair"
2716:
The Illustrated Directory of Submarines of the World
2667:
Chinese arms production and sales to the Third World
2578:
Bubbles of Water: Or, Anecdotes of the Pakistan Navy
1490:
failed to produce any evidence against him in 1998.
4123:
4094:
4049:
4042:
3985:
3948:
3941:
3895:
3844:
3837:
3817:
3774:
3767:
3729:
3340:"Rachel Marsden: Paul Manafort's French connection"
2636:(1st ed.). London, UK: Springer. p. 220.
1406:In 1997, the scandal was eventually exposed in the
1325:, based on an accidental intelligence based on the
692:to acquire the short-term lease for the submarine,
2461:. New Delhi: The Hindu, Pakistan Bureau. The Hindu
1772:with their Pakistani counterparts to assemble the
1396:in 1995. It was not until 1996 when new director,
3485:KARACHI: Man acquitted in Frenchmen killing case
865:entered in the competition by offered their four
3389:"Nicolas Sarkozy's home raided by French police"
3235:
3233:
3190:"DG Naval Intelligence ready to spill the beans"
1965:in this matter was launched by journalists from
341:that took place in the second administration of
3646:. No. 1/2. 11 October 2011. Archived from
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
2964:. The Independent Paris Bureau. The Independent
1756:In the morning of 8 May 2002, a man driving an
1131:Nonetheless, the Navy NHQ recommended that the
657:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
3033:Arshad Sharif, Reporter anchor, Dawn newspaper
1804:but mistakenly attacked the French nationals.
1626:When the scandal became public in 1997 by the
716:In 1990, Pakistan entered in negotiation with
506:tarnished the image of the Navy, with Admiral
236:Reconciliation: Islam, Democracy, and the West
3704:
3684:The 'Karachi affair' and French Naval bombing
2538:"The Karachi affair and French Naval bombing"
2161:
2159:
536:Since its exposure in the news media of both
302:
8:
3291:"French divorce holds key to Karachi affair"
3128:"Masoorul Haq held in another NAB reference"
2175:The Battle for Zimbabwe: The Final Countdown
1622:France: Court investigations and indictments
1467:signed the relief papers that dismissed the
559:took place in 1995. Upon electing President
363:The scandal involved the payment of massive
2274:(1 ed.). U.S.: Lulu.com. p. 210.
1478:, and was arrested for a brief time by the
1162:Despite the strong political opposition by
688:Adm. Sirohey had been negotiating with the
633:offered the immediate transfer of the four
544:, the scandal has been involved in various
4046:
3945:
3841:
3771:
3711:
3697:
3689:
3145:Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific
2956:Lichfield, John Lichfield (26 June 2009).
2894:. No. 4/5. Islamabad. 5 December 2010
2252:French divorce holds key to Karachi affair
1699:submarines deal which may have funded the
1054:Intermediaries, commissions, and kickbacks
819:submarines after the French designer, the
502:and the news of the dismissals of one and
309:
295:
48:
3148:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1998.
3055:"Ex-Navy chief confirms French kickbacks"
2916:Murdered in Malaysia: The Altantuya Story
2397:"Sarkozy queried over Pakistan arms cash"
1953:. Within the Navy, the officers from the
1898:, mistaking the French nationals for the
1166:over this deal in 1994, French President
3196:. News International. News International
587:made potential discovery in linking the
3188:etl.al., top story (20 November 2010).
2856:. New York, US: Springer. p. 230.
2215:(1997). "The Pakistan Navy 1972-1996".
2108:
1287:Naval Intelligence and sting operations
1246:The French state-owned consortium, the
969:
637:-class submarines to the Pakistan Navy.
386:. The submarines utilized the emerging
51:
3113:"Former Pakistani navy chief arrested"
3035:. Dawn Newspaper, 2010. Dawn Newspaper
2767:Committee, The Joint Economic (2016).
2097:Agosta-class submarine § Variants
1703:'s failed 1995 presidential campaign.
1433:, was eventually recalled to face the
971:Other Nations in Submarine Competition
420:was extremely controversial, with the
3618:"REPORTERS: Agosta Submarine Scandal"
2500:Siddiqui, Salman (21 November 2010).
2376:. Institute of Regional Studies. 2001
1706:On 3 July 2012, French police raided
1685:. Based on the court's insights, the
1683:first round of presidential elections
1159:in Karachi" in employment and works.
229:Daughter of Destiny: An Autobiography
7:
3387:Chrisafis, Angelique (3 July 2012).
3164:. Pakistan Herald Publications. 2000
2452:"The Karachi submarine sale scandal"
2421:Lichfield, John (22 November 2010).
3616:Sharif, Arshad (30 December 2010).
3555:Sharif, Arshad (30 November 2010).
3338:Marsden, Rachel (31 October 2017).
3083:Sharif, Arshad (30 December 2010).
3027:Sharif, Arshad (30 November 2010).
2450:Naravane, Vaiju (12 January 2012).
2307:Sharif, Arshad (30 December 2010).
1731:Bus bombing in Karachi and lawsuits
1410:by director of naval intelligence,
3433:from the original on 8 March 2019.
3297:. Sunday Guardian. Sunday Guardian
3289:Menon, Laxman (4 September 2011).
2177:. London, UK: Zebra. p. 300.
1241:OECD Convention against Corruption
994:issues despite being cheaper than
785:governments, and consequently the
655:were aggressively pursued by then-
14:
3258:Developments in French Politics 5
2022:while giving criticism to Navy's
1652:finance the presidential campaign
1567:), whose share was €2.9 million,
1353:in Islamabad, which prompted the
940:(MoD) also favored acquiring the
379:over the negotiations to acquire
3517:staff writer (12 October 2013).
2847:"§Arms Procurement for the Navy"
2024:naval crime investigation branch
1610:reportedly recovered more than ~
1427:Royal College of Defence Studies
1425:to attend the war course at the
1030:
1003:
975:
275:
268:
56:
3585:Judges and Generals in Pakistan
3561:Arshad Sharif, Reporters Anchor
2991:Judges and Generals in Pakistan
2719:. Zenith Imprint. p. 393.
2395:Schofield, Hugh (4 June 2010).
2026:for singling out Mansurul Haq.
1845:for those accused, and the two
1788:Initial blames were put on the
1595:leveled serious allegations on
1421:Ashraf who had departed to the
4280:Government of Pakistan secrecy
3588:. Grosvenor House Publishing.
2994:. Grosvenor House Publishing.
2691:Selections from National Press
2373:Selections from Regional Press
2092:National Accountability Bureau
2010:'s allegation and scrutinized
1811:later placed the blame on the
1495:National Accountability Bureau
1:
4124:Others agreements with France
2627:"Military Build-up decisions"
1879:, a lead investigator in the
806:at price tag of $ 63 million
757:submarines at a price tag of
16:Political scandal in Pakistan
4305:Defence industry of Pakistan
2144:. Islamabad. 12 October 2011
1929:Further criticism in 2010–13
1909:filed a lawsuit against the
1681:, only three days after the
1441:Aftermath and Investigations
1272:, revealed that payments of
1264:Pakistan Ministry of Finance
641:Plans to replace the ageing
608:Negotiations and procurement
2664:Bitzinger, Richard (1991).
2337:Anwar, Dr Muhammad (2006).
1512:9.5 million, though a
1137:Defence production ministry
1066:-class submarines from the
902:and proprietary designs of
453:s, which were still in the
4326:
4300:2010 in Pakistani politics
4255:Pakistan military scandals
3742:Air-independent propulsion
2263:Durham, Robert B. (2015).
2213:Goldrick, RN, R.Adm. James
2077:involved in the affairs."
2029:The Navy's investigators,
1867:were raised by it, and by
1734:
1691:Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres
1449:
1260:French Ministry of Finance
1023:air-independent propulsion
730:air-independent propulsion
649:diesel-electric submarines
513:In 1990s, it was legal in
388:air-independent propulsion
155:Prime Minister of Pakistan
4240:France–Pakistan relations
3720:Agosta Submarine Scandal/
3085:"REPORTER- Part-3-Clip-4"
2748:. Naval War College. 2012
2575:Shah, Mian Zahir (2001).
2006:, also backed and echoed
1786:Naval Dockyard in Karachi
1097:Vice Chief of Naval Staff
892:Vice Chief of Naval Staff
623:in 2006: In 1993 British
3757:Closed-cycle gas turbine
2745:Naval War College Review
1963:Investigative journalism
1947:Musharraf administration
1737:2002 Karachi bus bombing
1526:Musharraf administration
858:to Pakistan in 1993–94.
546:investigative journalism
335:Agosta Submarine scandal
210:Murder of Murtaza Bhutto
65:This article is part of
3978:Capt. Liaquat Ali Malik
3295:www.sunday-guardian.com
2913:Shankar, E. S. (2017).
2536:Chishti, Ali K (2002).
1726:Legacy and later events
789:entered talks with the
761:180 million, which was
285:: Picture, Sound, Video
4245:Corruption in Pakistan
3644:The News International
3261:. Palgrave Macmillan.
2542:www.thefridaytimes.com
1911:Government of Pakistan
1753:
1486:investigations led by
1482:but was released when
1452:Corruption in Pakistan
1388:reportedly confronted
1323:Karachi Naval Dockyard
1310:led the arrest of the
1291:As early as 1995, the
1217:heavy machine industry
661:Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey
638:
577:Government of Pakistan
557:presidential elections
333:), otherwise known as
330:
205:Seventh Five-Year Plan
46:
43:AIP-powered submarines
3971:Cdre. Moh'd Zakaullah
3523:pakistannewsindex.com
3473:Bomb suspect arrested
2713:David Miller (2002).
1744:
1672:French Prime Minister
1638:widely reported that
1347:Bhutto-Zardari family
686:Chairman Joint chiefs
615:
252:Assassination attempt
195:Repression in Karachi
24:
4250:Corruption in France
3582:Sehri, Inam (2013).
2988:Sehri, Inam (2013).
2166:Hill, Geoff (2003).
1857:According to French
1802:target the Americans
1677:from the account of
1528:when the release of
1297:Chief of Naval Staff
1211:while issuing major
934:Additional Secretary
844:Admiral of the Fleet
833:Chief of Naval Staff
700:missile control room
680:submarine, from the
628:Admiral of the Fleet
489:Chief of Naval Staff
384:90B-class submarines
120:Charter of Democracy
41:are much larger and
25:In the Picture: The
3942:Investigators/Spies
3913:Aftab Shaban Mirani
3896:Pakistan government
3852:François Mitterrand
3807:Forces Sous-marines
3426:The Daily Telegraph
2892:The Express Tribune
2809:The Express Tribune
2506:The Express Tribune
2071:Aftab Shaban Mirani
1581:Investment minister
1569:Aftab Shaban Mirani
1209:self-sustainability
1200:Forces Sous-marines
1170:and Prime Minister
1168:François Mitterrand
938:Ministry of Defense
787:Pakistan government
773:class and that the
704:reactor compartment
402:François Mitterrand
354:François Mitterrand
215:Corruption scandals
200:Coup d'état attempt
4310:Scandals in France
4170:PAC Mirage-IIIC/Es
4085:News International
3650:on 31 January 2017
3344:chicagotribune.com
3218:. 30 November 2010
3194:www.thenews.com.pk
3059:News International
2142:News International
2062:News International
1951:Naval Intelligence
1923:Pakistani military
1875:, who worked with
1841:while seeking the
1813:Pakistani military
1754:
1628:Naval Intelligence
1519:courts in Pakistan
1502:Muhammad Zakaullah
1484:Naval Intelligence
1372:Naval Intelligence
1355:Naval Intelligence
1293:Naval Intelligence
1060:Benazir government
912:British technology
852:British government
653:nuclear submarines
639:
517:to award monetary
474:Naval Intelligence
392:nuclear submarines
47:
4197:
4196:
4119:
4118:
4038:
4037:
3961:Adm. Tanvir Ahmad
3937:
3936:
3845:French government
3833:
3832:
3792:Dassault Systèmes
3737:Marine propulsion
3529:on 22 August 2017
3346:. Chicago tribune
3245:, 15 January 2011
3061:. 12 January 2010
2811:. 5 December 2010
2678:– via RAND.
2265:"Karachi Affairs"
2168:"the money trail"
2014:of receiving the
1826:held a televised
1821:Interior Minister
1394:Adm. Mansurul Haq
1191:Dassault Systèmes
961:Bhutto government
908:French technology
804:nuclear submarine
791:French government
737:-class submarines
631:Sir Julian Oswald
504:two-star admirals
440:Pakistan Navy NHQ
319:
318:
167:Second Government
82:
81:
4317:
4270:Asif Ali Zardari
4235:2010 in Pakistan
4225:2002 in Pakistan
4210:1994 in Pakistan
4047:
4043:Media/journalism
4030:Sindh High Court
4024:Paris High Court
3956:Adm. Javed Iqbal
3946:
3918:Hazar K. Bijrani
3908:Asif Ali Zardari
3877:Pierre Bérégovoy
3867:Edouard Balladur
3862:Renaud Donnedieu
3842:
3838:Public officials
3772:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3690:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3552:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3514:
3505:
3500:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3452:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3384:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3252:
3246:
3237:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3185:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3140:
3134:
3125:
3119:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3089:
3080:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3024:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2985:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2953:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2884:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2851:
2843:Siddiqa-Agha, A.
2839:
2830:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2631:
2623:Siddiqa-Agha, A.
2619:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2572:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2551:on 12 March 2013
2550:
2533:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2497:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2343:. Author House.
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2313:
2304:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2269:
2260:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2223:
2209:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2134:
2075:Defence Minister
2046:Abdul Aziz Mirza
1991:in 2013, it was
1975:Asif Ali Zardari
1959:Aviation Command
1933:In 2002–03, the
1919:Sindh High Court
1915:Sindh High Court
1835:Sindh High Court
1828:press conference
1824:Moinuddin Haider
1763:parallel to the
1720:Finance minister
1701:Edouard Balladur
1675:Edouard Balladur
1656:Edouard Balladur
1585:Asif Ali Zardari
1390:Adm. Masurul Haq
1312:project engineer
1278:French President
1133:Finance ministry
1042:-class submarine
1034:
1015:-class submarine
1007:
979:
957:Defense Minister
856:Type 21 frigates
850:resulted in the
663:as a counter to
553:Edouard Balladur
478:Director-General
399:French President
348:, involving the
339:military scandal
311:
304:
297:
279:
272:
173:First Women Bank
162:First Government
115:Social democracy
95:Political career
78:
77:
75:
68:
60:
53:
52:
49:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4275:Nicolas Sarkozy
4200:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4115:
4090:
4034:
3981:
3975:Capt. Z.U. Alvi
3966:Cdre. S. Ashraf
3933:
3891:
3887:Ziad Takieddine
3882:Jacques Lanxade
3872:Nicolas Sarkozy
3829:
3813:
3763:
3725:
3722:affaire Karachi
3717:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3490:
3483:
3479:
3471:
3467:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3438:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3370:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3322:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3238:
3231:
3221:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3187:
3186:
3177:
3167:
3165:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3126:
3122:
3118:, 12 April 2001
3111:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3064:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3026:
3025:
3016:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2987:
2986:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2962:The Independent
2955:
2954:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2849:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2629:
2621:
2620:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2574:
2573:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2535:
2534:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2499:
2498:
2485:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2427:The Independent
2420:
2419:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2311:
2306:
2305:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2221:
2211:
2210:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2110:
2105:
2083:
1955:Surface Command
1931:
1843:death penalties
1765:Daewoo city bus
1758:explosive-laden
1739:
1733:
1728:
1716:Nicolas Sarkozy
1708:Nicolas Sarkozy
1644:Lebanese French
1640:Ziad Takieddine
1624:
1458:
1450:Main articles:
1448:
1443:
1376:acting director
1327:sting operation
1289:
1236:Pakistan Rupees
1128:were offering.
1056:
1049:
1035:
1026:
1008:
999:
980:
942:Agosta 90Bravos
749:diesel-electric
610:
605:
527:OECD Convention
444:diesel-electric
331:affaire Karachi
315:
273:
266:
241:
219:
179:Midnight Jackal
152:
124:
108:Political views
104:
73:
71:
70:
69:
66:
64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4323:
4321:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4265:Benazir Bhutto
4262:
4260:Jacques Chirac
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4230:2010 in France
4227:
4222:
4220:2002 in France
4217:
4215:1994 in France
4212:
4202:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4106:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3993:Saif-ur-Rahman
3989:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3903:Benazir Bhutto
3899:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3857:Jacques Chirac
3854:
3848:
3846:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3815:
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3809:
3799:
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3789:
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3760:
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3749:
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3727:
3726:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3668:
3667:External links
3665:
3662:
3661:
3631:
3620:. Dawn News TV
3608:
3594:
3574:
3563:. Dawn News TV
3540:
3506:
3488:
3477:
3465:
3447:
3436:
3412:
3409:. 3 July 2012.
3398:
3379:
3368:
3357:
3330:
3308:
3281:
3267:
3247:
3229:
3207:
3175:
3151:
3135:
3133:, 17 July 2002
3120:
3105:
3072:
3046:
3014:
3000:
2975:
2939:
2925:
2905:
2876:
2862:
2850:(google books)
2831:
2822:
2793:
2779:
2759:
2732:
2725:
2705:
2681:
2656:
2642:
2630:(google books)
2601:
2587:
2562:
2519:
2483:
2472:
2439:
2413:
2387:
2363:
2349:
2329:
2294:
2280:
2268:(google books)
2255:
2244:
2230:
2197:
2183:
2171:(google books)
2155:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2012:Adm. S.M. Khan
1993:Adm. S.M. Khan
1930:
1927:
1809:European media
1774:machined parts
1769:Sheraton Hotel
1735:Main article:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1696:Agosta 90Brave
1679:Crédit du Nord
1623:
1620:
1589:Benazir Bhutto
1573:Hazar Bijarani
1462:Prime Minister
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1423:United Kingdom
1288:
1285:
1281:Jacques Chirac
1215:to unemployed
1172:Benazir Bhutto
1068:United Kingdom
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1009:
1002:
1000:
981:
974:
972:
877:Adm. S.M. Khan
841:First Sea Lord
816:Agosta-90Bravo
767:AIP technology
741:AIP technology
625:First Sea Lord
609:
606:
604:
601:
561:Jacques Chirac
550:Prime Minister
500:media coverage
422:United Kingdom
358:Jacques Chirac
346:Benazir Bhutto
343:Prime Minister
337:, was a major
323:Karachi affair
317:
316:
314:
313:
306:
299:
291:
288:
287:
267:
265:
264:
254:
248:
247:
240:
239:
232:
225:
218:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
190:Karachi affair
187:
182:
175:
170:
164:
151:
150:
145:
140:
135:
123:
122:
117:
111:
110:
103:
102:
97:
92:
84:
83:
80:
79:
74:Benazir Bhutto
67:a series about
63:
61:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4322:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4290:Pakistan Navy
4288:
4286:
4285:Weapons trade
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4067:Kamran Shahid
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:Arshad Sharif
4055:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Marc Trévidic
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3714:
3709:
3707:
3702:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3619:
3612:
3609:
3597:
3595:9781781482346
3591:
3587:
3586:
3578:
3575:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3440:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3345:
3341:
3334:
3331:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3282:
3270:
3268:9781137349170
3264:
3260:
3259:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3152:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3106:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3003:
3001:9781781482346
2997:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2928:
2926:9789671485309
2922:
2918:
2917:
2909:
2906:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2865:
2863:9780230513525
2859:
2855:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2782:
2780:9781315485430
2776:
2773:. Routledge.
2772:
2771:
2763:
2760:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2726:9780760313459
2722:
2718:
2717:
2709:
2706:
2693:
2692:
2685:
2682:
2669:
2668:
2660:
2657:
2645:
2643:9780230513525
2639:
2635:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2590:
2588:9789698318031
2584:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2473:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2414:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2388:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2352:
2350:9781467010566
2346:
2342:
2341:
2333:
2330:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2283:
2281:9781329067554
2277:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2233:
2231:9781897829028
2227:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2186:
2184:9781868726523
2180:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2059:In 2011, the
2057:
2055:
2054:Pakistan Army
2051:
2050:Fasih Bokhari
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1984:According to
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1957:, along with
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1885:Marc Trévidic
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1790:Indian branch
1787:
1783:
1781:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1738:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1687:French Police
1684:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1663:Paul Manafort
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1597:Sharif family
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1538:army generals
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:United States
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:In 1999, the
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1435:court-martial
1432:
1431:Great Britain
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:Shahid Ashraf
1380:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1213:tender offers
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1115:DCNS (Supply)
1112:
1111:Fasih Bokhari
1109:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1058:In 1993, the
1053:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
992:noise control
990:due to their
989:
985:
978:
973:
970:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
924:
923:DCNS (Supply)
920:
919:Fasih Bokhari
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
894:Vice-Admiral
893:
889:
886:manufactured
885:
880:
878:
875:
871:
869:
864:
859:
857:
853:
849:
848:Julian Oswald
845:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:
811:
809:
805:
801:
800:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
755:
750:
746:
742:
738:
736:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
710:
705:
701:
697:
696:
691:
687:
684:in 1990, and
683:
679:
677:
672:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
647:
645:
636:
632:
629:
626:
622:
620:
614:
607:
602:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
509:
508:Fasih Bokhari
505:
501:
497:
494:
490:
486:
483:
479:
475:
471:
469:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
428:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:826 million (
407:
403:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
383:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
312:
307:
305:
300:
298:
293:
292:
290:
289:
286:
284:
280:
278:
271:
262:
258:
257:Assassination
255:
253:
250:
249:
246:
245:Assassination
243:
242:
238:
237:
233:
231:
230:
226:
224:
223:Books written
221:
220:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
180:
176:
174:
171:
168:
165:
163:
159:
158:
157:
156:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
129:
128:
121:
118:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
105:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
86:
85:
76:
62:
59:
55:
54:
50:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
19:
4165:ROSE Program
4109:
4102:
4084:
4077:
4072:Ansar Abbasi
4023:
3998:Tariq Pervez
3929:Mansurul Haq
3721:
3719:
3652:. Retrieved
3648:the original
3643:
3634:
3622:. Retrieved
3611:
3599:. Retrieved
3584:
3577:
3565:. Retrieved
3560:
3531:. Retrieved
3527:the original
3522:
3480:
3468:
3460:The Guardian
3458:
3450:
3439:
3424:
3415:
3401:
3393:The Guardian
3392:
3382:
3371:
3360:
3348:. Retrieved
3343:
3333:
3321:. Retrieved
3311:
3299:. Retrieved
3294:
3284:
3272:. Retrieved
3257:
3250:
3242:
3220:. Retrieved
3210:
3198:. Retrieved
3193:
3166:. Retrieved
3160:
3154:
3144:
3138:
3130:
3123:
3115:
3108:
3096:. Retrieved
3091:
3063:. Retrieved
3058:
3049:
3037:. Retrieved
3032:
3005:. Retrieved
2990:
2968:10 September
2966:. Retrieved
2961:
2930:. Retrieved
2919:. BookBaby.
2915:
2908:
2896:. Retrieved
2891:
2867:. Retrieved
2853:
2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2808:
2786:24 September
2784:. Retrieved
2769:
2762:
2752:24 September
2750:. Retrieved
2744:
2715:
2708:
2696:. Retrieved
2690:
2684:
2672:. Retrieved
2666:
2659:
2647:. Retrieved
2633:
2592:. Retrieved
2577:
2553:. Retrieved
2546:the original
2541:
2510:. Retrieved
2505:
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2458:
2430:. Retrieved
2426:
2416:
2404:. Retrieved
2400:
2390:
2378:. Retrieved
2372:
2366:
2354:. Retrieved
2339:
2332:
2320:. Retrieved
2315:
2285:. Retrieved
2271:
2258:
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2217:
2188:. Retrieved
2174:
2146:. Retrieved
2141:
2067:Mansurul Haq
2061:
2058:
2038:R-Adm. Ahmad
2028:
2004:Tanvir Ahmed
1983:
1932:
1907:Mansurul Haq
1904:
1889:
1877:Tariq Pervez
1858:
1856:
1839:both nations
1832:
1817:Pakistan MoI
1806:
1779:
1767:outside the
1755:
1747:
1718:who was the
1711:
1705:
1695:
1660:
1636:French media
1632:French court
1625:
1601:
1593:Cdre. Ashraf
1577:A.A. Zardari
1565:Maliha Lodhi
1550:
1530:Cdre. Ashraf
1523:
1514:plea bargain
1497:(NAB) under
1492:
1488:R-Adm. Ahmad
1480:Naval Police
1476:Mansurul Haq
1465:Nawaz Sharif
1459:
1415:Tanvir Ahmed
1412:Rear-Admiral
1405:
1401:Tanvir Ahmed
1398:Rear-Admiral
1386:Cdre. Ashraf
1369:
1359:
1343:briefcase(s)
1305:Rear-Admiral
1301:Mansurul Haq
1290:
1267:
1245:
1221:
1198:
1180:
1161:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1139:acquire the
1130:
1119:
1095:, including
1088:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1039:
1012:
995:
983:
953:Aftab Mirani
950:
945:
941:
927:Rear-Admiral
916:Rear-Admiral
903:
887:
881:
867:
860:
854:selling the
839:and British
828:
815:
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