515:
53:
503:
1456:
1468:
1444:
638:. Akiner added that even in 1926, barely any Karapapakh could converse in the original Karapapakh language. Most of the Soviet Karapapakhs at the time were Sunnis, with a minority being Shia. The Karapapakhs were listed as a separate group in the 1926 Soviet census. During the Soviet Union's existence however the Karapapakhs were culturally and linguistically assimilated by the
729:
774:. In the Georgian SSR of the Soviet Union, this language was often confused with Azerbaijani. Bearing similarities to the process of assimilation in the Soviet Union, in Turkey, the Karapapakhs no longer speak their Turkic language and have completely switched to Turkish. Brent Brendemoen notes in
702:
lastly added that there were more than 10,000 Karapapakhs in the Soviet Union at the time, with most of them localized in Soviet
Central Asia; small numbers of Karapapakhs had been able however to return to southern Georgia and northern Armenia in the 1980s. Some 30,000 and 60,000 Karapapakhs were
695:
syncretic religion. They also explain that due to the religious practices of the
Karapapakh, "there has traditionally been an element of secretiveness and fanaticism to Karapapakh religion". Bennigsen likewise stated that "a certain number of the Karapapakhs are Ali Ilahis, which somewhat hinders
484:
as a fief to 800 Karapapakh families and these new settlers, in return, had to have 400 horsemen ready for disposal for the government. Just prior to their arrival, there were 4–5,000 families in Solduz district consisting of Kurds and
Turkics from the Muqaddam tribe. Gradually however, the land
514:
630:, first published in 1983 and dealing with the situation in and around the 1926 Soviet census, the great majority of the Karapapakh lived outside of the Soviet Union at the time. Those within the Soviet Union, mainly lived in the southern part of the
683:, which was published in 1994 and specifically deals with the ethnography of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, the Karapapakhs are described as a small ethnic group and a Turkmen tribe, who primarily live in and around
586:
from 1908 to 1912, the
Karapapakh population suffered considerably as they were seen as Iranian agents by the Ottomans. In the early 20th century, the Karapapakh in Naqadeh district shared eleven villages with Sunni
560:
as part of the
Karapapakh tribe. The 1886–1892 Tsarist population figures counted 8,893 Terekeme in the Dagestan Oblast and counted them as part of the total Karapapakh population within the empire. According to the
1212:
2871:
279:
was concluded between Iran and Russia in 1828. The
Karapapakhs who remained within the Russian Empire were counted as a separate group in Tsarist population figures. During the
3139:
485:
passed into the hands of the
Karapapakh newcomers. In 19th-century Iran, as part of the Iranian irregular army, the Karapapakh tribe was one of the twenty-two units (
618:. Mid-1920 figures showed that 70% of all Karapapakhs lived in Iran and 30% in the Soviet Union; the Karapapakhs in Turkey were most likely considered simply as
571:, Karapapakhs reportedly numbered some 39,000 and were distributed in 99 villages in Kars Oblast. 63 of these villages were located in the Kars district, 29 in
1500:
3311:
2838:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
2864:
1586:
654:
296:
1386:; Ter-Oganov, Nugzar (2012). "The Military of Qajar Iran: The Features of an Irregular Army from the Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Century".
610:, the number of Karapapakhs had drastically declined to only 6,315, which reflected the loss of Kars Oblast to the newly established Republic of
3292:
3184:
3132:
1364:
3321:
2857:
778:
that the migration of the
Karapapakhs (and Terekeme, amongst others) in modern times from Turkey's east has been responsible for bringing
943:
533:
441:
437:
3125:
2963:
595:
1493:
536:, the Tsarist government conducted a population counting of the newly acquired province. In this 1883 population counting of the
1273:
From the Kur to the Aras: A Military
History of Russia's Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo-Iranian War, 1801-1813
1865:
1289:
Bournoutian, George (2017). "The
Population of the South Caucasus according to the 1897 General Census of the Russian Empire".
3316:
3276:
1434:
3326:
2400:
1579:
3331:
2880:
1486:
1328:
453:
264:
3108:
2466:
1350:
1234:
2990:
1337:
1217:
3148:
2798:
2757:
1925:
1472:
565:
of 1897, there were 29,879 Karapapakhs in the entire Russian Empire. According to the 1910 publication of the
3207:
2911:
2901:
1965:
1890:
1654:
1647:
1572:
3022:
2788:
878:
The full switch to Turkish by the Karapapakhs in Turkey was already reported by the second edition of the
857:
817:
375:
3032:
742:
737:
502:
3047:
2997:
2953:
2896:
2444:
1739:
562:
445:
276:
762:
The Karapapakhs originally mainly spoke their own western Oghuz language, which is part of the western
321:. According to the latest western ethnographic works that primarily dealt with the ethnography of the
3336:
3251:
3202:
3197:
3042:
2958:
2783:
2120:
1744:
1624:
822:
767:
647:
643:
607:
292:
288:
237:
201:
134:
691:
at the time of the book's publication. They add that the Karapapakhs are primarily adherents of the
3266:
3062:
3012:
2985:
2647:
1935:
1670:
1256:
661:
567:
468:, where they formed 15% of the population, and partly in the Iranian region of Solduz (present-day
406:
390:
357:
Karapapakh translates as "black hat" in Oghuz Turkic. The Karapapakhs are sometimes referred to as
303:
2328:
2130:
2040:
1940:
1403:
1341:
1268:
862:
410:
58:
52:
3229:
2906:
2486:
2385:
1846:
1704:
1460:
1360:
1345:
1323:
1244:
939:
490:
260:
86:
3271:
3256:
3246:
3224:
3002:
2938:
2793:
2439:
2286:
2155:
2087:
2016:
1960:
1945:
1930:
1915:
1885:
1875:
1851:
1787:
1694:
1395:
1298:
827:
771:
747:
669:
665:
541:
418:
244:. Nowadays, the Karapapakh language has been largely supplanted by Azerbaijani and Turkish.
241:
209:
146:
142:
138:
3082:
3067:
3052:
2803:
2410:
2321:
2160:
2140:
2045:
2035:
2021:
1950:
1910:
1905:
1870:
1771:
1725:
1699:
779:
763:
557:
366:
233:
1638:
1543:
3057:
2968:
2943:
2923:
2891:
2839:
2722:
2608:
2572:
2471:
2307:
2226:
2150:
2092:
2011:
2006:
1955:
1920:
1895:
1880:
1811:
1603:
1595:
1538:
1518:
1333:
1229:
1225:
1207:
787:
631:
619:
576:
521:
481:
457:
433:
394:
272:
229:
188:
179:
798:
The Karapapkhs were traditionally involved in sheep-rearing and a bit of agriculture.
3305:
3261:
3234:
3072:
3037:
2973:
2767:
2542:
2476:
2415:
2300:
2247:
2135:
2125:
1900:
1720:
1528:
1407:
1311:
1221:
1195:
707:
and Turkey respectively at the time. Groups of Karapapakh still live around Ardahan,
623:
386:
283:'s existence, the Karapapakhs were culturally and linguistically assimilated by the
3087:
3027:
2933:
2815:
2682:
2667:
2481:
2420:
2390:
2354:
2314:
2178:
2050:
2027:
1795:
1731:
1618:
861:
mentions that it is close to both "Āzerī and the Turkish of Turkey". The historian
692:
673:
639:
635:
414:
346:
342:
322:
318:
284:
280:
248:
184:
166:
1838:
1374:
Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles, eds. (1994).
1399:
3241:
3219:
3169:
3007:
2916:
2819:
2702:
2697:
2641:
2145:
2061:
1988:
1857:
1448:
712:
615:
537:
477:
465:
310:
158:
27:
3281:
3212:
3192:
3164:
3094:
3077:
3017:
2980:
2849:
2687:
2502:
1831:
1749:
1548:
1533:
1302:
812:
553:
473:
461:
429:
314:
268:
162:
101:
96:
1248:
3156:
2717:
2707:
2654:
2621:
2507:
2293:
2255:
2236:
2216:
2191:
2097:
1631:
1553:
688:
334:
20:
3117:
2827:
2672:
2616:
2602:
2587:
2562:
2552:
2522:
2211:
2198:
2184:
1765:
1383:
684:
622:
by that time, and thus no figures for Turkey were reported. According to
338:
113:
413:
referred to them as "Turkicized Kazakhs (Qazzaqs)." They had moved into
2948:
2762:
2712:
2662:
2636:
2631:
2592:
2582:
2537:
2532:
2517:
2434:
2380:
2343:
2338:
2231:
2221:
2206:
2055:
1824:
1778:
1689:
1163:
1161:
599:
583:
572:
549:
469:
422:
252:
117:
109:
594:
2928:
2737:
2727:
2677:
2626:
2577:
2567:
2547:
2527:
2512:
2426:
2362:
2348:
2280:
2265:
2260:
2241:
2069:
1983:
1523:
1478:
807:
783:
611:
326:
91:
76:
1148:
1146:
1133:
1131:
1129:
3174:
2835:
2732:
2692:
2597:
2557:
2275:
2270:
2102:
1817:
593:
588:
556:. The Tsarist authorities also regarded the Terekeme tribe of the
449:
256:
1564:
957:
955:
782:
loanwords with Persian vocalism to isolated areas as far west as
2831:
2823:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
708:
704:
330:
232:
people, who originally spoke the Karapapakh language, a western
105:
81:
3121:
2853:
1568:
1482:
1376:
An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires
1316:
Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas: Historical and Linguistic Aspects
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
776:
Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas: Historical and Linguistic Aspects
722:
917:
915:
913:
251:
in the Middle Ages together with other Turkic speakers and
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1432:
865:
only mentions that it is "close to present-day Azeri-
1417:
Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus
380:
3183:
3155:
2776:
2750:
2495:
2453:
2399:
2371:
2169:
2111:
2078:
1997:
1974:
1804:
1758:
1713:
1682:
1611:
1602:
448:, the Karapapakhs migrated from the area along the
172:
152:
127:
67:
43:
1327:
1211:
653:In 1944, the Karapapakhs in the Soviet Union were
295:. In 1944 the Karapapakh in the Soviet Union were
1282:The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828
1152:
1137:
1108:
287:, and they were counted as "Azerbaijanis" in the
961:
813:Qajar Iran § Migration of Caucasian Muslims
452:river in eastern Georgia (along the present-day
520:Karapapakh woman from near Kars as depicted by
464:. They partly settled in the Ottoman region of
1051:
1018:
3133:
2865:
1580:
1494:
1426:Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook
642:. They were counted as "Azerbaijanis" in the
489:) of provincial militia from the province of
8:
104:(mostly western part and big cities such as
38:
1167:
973:
921:
736:It has been suggested that this section be
3140:
3126:
3118:
2872:
2858:
2850:
1608:
1587:
1573:
1565:
1501:
1487:
1479:
1351:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1235:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1179:
255:nomads, the Karapapakhs settled along the
37:
325:, most Karapapakhs in the 1980s lived in
1075:
1063:
1039:
582:During the Ottoman occupation of Iran's
425:nomads, where some had become peasants.
309:The Karapapakhs have traditionally been
19:For the municipality in Azerbaijan, see
1439:
936:Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey
894:
846:Also known as Debeda or Borchala river.
839:
548:) numbered 21,652, of whom 11,721 were
498:
440:. Following the Russian victory in the
417:in the Middle Ages together with other
133:Originally Karapapakh, nowadays mostly
1120:
1096:
1261:Muslims of the Soviet Empire: A Guide
740:out into another article titled
482:Solduz (present-day Naqadeh) district
333:, Soviet Central Asia (primarily the
7:
68:Regions with significant populations
1419:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1200:Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union
696:their assimilation by the Azeris".
628:Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union
393:—a term traditionally used for any
370:
3312:Ethnic groups in Georgia (country)
1263:. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd.
405:The Karapapakhs were originally a
337:) and the Soviet republics of the
14:
2830:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
1466:
1454:
1442:
727:
513:
501:
51:
1153:Olson, Pappas & Pappas 1994
1138:Olson, Pappas & Pappas 1994
1109:Olson, Pappas & Pappas 1994
902:Ercilâsun, Ahmet Bican (1983).
904:Kars ili ağızları: ses bilgisi
442:Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828
438:Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813
1:
1259:; Wimbush, S. Enders (1986).
428:The Karapapakh fought on the
3293:Ethnic minorities in Georgia
1400:10.1080/00210862.2011.637776
1314:; Bulut, Christiane (eds.).
1280:Bournoutian, George (1992).
962:Bennigsen & Wimbush 1986
938:. Reichert. pp. 75–77.
236:language closely related to
3322:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan
2881:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan
1202:. Kegan Paul International.
381:
3353:
3109:Demographics of Azerbaijan
1310:Brendemoen, Brent (2006).
1052:Rabi & Ter-Oganov 2012
1019:Barthold & Wixman 1978
855:The second edition of the
766:and is closely related to
45:Qarapapaqlar, Karapapaklar
25:
18:
3290:
3103:
2887:
2812:
1931:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
1514:
1415:Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014).
1303:10.1163/1573384X-20170307
1210:& Wixman, R. (1978).
1066:, p. 193 (note 160).
906:(in Turkish). p. 44.
177:
157:
132:
72:
50:
3149:Ethnic groups in Georgia
2799:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
2467:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
1170:, p. 331 (note 28).
598:Karapapakh falconers in
534:Russian conquest of Kars
532:Several years after the
454:Georgian-Armenian border
265:Georgian-Armenian border
26:Not to be confused with
1956:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
1612:Azerbaijani communities
1424:Wixman, Ronald (1984).
1359:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1243:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1182:, p. 231 (note 6).
934:Andrews, Peter (2002).
476:. Iranian crown prince
263:(along the present-day
16:Turkic tribe and people
2789:Crimean Tatar diaspora
1966:Western Thracian Turks
1901:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
1318:. Harrassowitz Verlag.
880:Encyclopaedia of Islam
858:Encyclopaedia of Islam
818:Azerbaijanis in Turkey
603:
540:, the Karapapakhs (in
225:
221:
213:
205:
3317:Ethnic groups in Iran
2496:Extinct Turkic groups
2454:Turkic minorities in
2401:Turkic minorities in
2372:Turkic minorities in
2170:Turkic minorities in
1648:Georgian Azerbaijanis
1291:Iran and the Caucasus
715:to this present day.
703:reportedly living in
687:, the capital of the
597:
563:Russian Empire Census
446:Treaty of Turkmenchay
277:Treaty of Turkmenchay
173:Related ethnic groups
2814:Central Asian (i.e.
2784:Azerbaijani diaspora
2121:Iranian Azerbaijanis
1759:Turkmen communities
1655:Western Azerbaijanis
1625:Iranian Azerbaijanis
1257:Bennigsen, Alexandre
976:, pp. 190, 192.
823:Iranian Azerbaijanis
648:1970 Soviet censuses
293:1970 Soviet censuses
63:Ottoman Empire, 1901
57:Group of Karapapakh
3327:Turkomans in Turkey
1805:Turkish communities
1671:Javanshir Qizilbash
1284:. Mazda Publishers.
1269:Bournoutian, George
794:Traditional economy
743:Karapapakh language
662:Soviet Central Asia
317:, and adherents of
304:Soviet Central Asia
40:
3332:Azerbaijani tribes
2329:Siberian Bukharans
2131:Chaharmahali Turks
2112:Turkic minorities
2079:Turkic minorities
1998:Turkic minorities
1714:Kyrgyz communities
1683:Kazakh communities
1509:Azerbaijani tribes
1378:. Greenwoon Press.
1111:, p. 346-347.
863:George Bournoutian
672:and others of the
608:1926 Soviet census
604:
568:Caucasian Calendar
444:and the resulting
411:George Bournoutian
247:After moving into
3299:
3298:
3185:Ethnic minorities
3115:
3114:
2847:
2846:
2746:
2745:
2657:
2650:
2611:
2487:Tatars of Romania
2460:
2429:
2386:Mongolian Kazakhs
2357:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2064:
2030:
1941:Palestinian Turks
1936:Montenegrin Turks
1860:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1790:
1781:
1774:
1734:
1705:Mongolian Kazakhs
1673:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1562:
1561:
1473:Georgia (country)
1366:978-90-04-10422-8
760:
759:
755:
606:According to the
432:side against the
397:nomadic people).
379:
267:). They moved to
259:river in eastern
194:
193:
59:Hamidiyeh Cavalry
3344:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3119:
3003:Meskhetian Turks
2874:
2867:
2860:
2851:
2794:Turkish diaspora
2653:
2646:
2607:
2458:
2440:Karategin Uzbeks
2425:
2353:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2287:Astrakhan Tatars
2285:
2250:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2156:Iranian Turkmens
2088:Crimean Karaites
2060:
2026:
1926:Macedonian Turks
1891:Dodecanese Turks
1856:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1788:Iranian Turkmens
1786:
1777:
1770:
1730:
1669:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1609:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1566:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1480:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1379:
1370:
1342:Heinrichs, W. P.
1331:
1319:
1306:
1285:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1215:
1203:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1168:Bournoutian 2017
1165:
1156:
1150:
1141:
1135:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1022:
1016:
977:
974:Bournoutian 2021
971:
965:
959:
950:
949:
931:
925:
922:Bournoutian 1992
919:
908:
907:
899:
883:
876:
870:
853:
847:
844:
828:Meskhetian Turks
751:
731:
730:
723:
666:Meskhetian Turks
517:
505:
480:handed over the
384:
374:
372:
55:
41:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3286:
3179:
3151:
3146:
3116:
3111:
3099:
3068:Shahdagh people
2883:
2878:
2848:
2843:
2808:
2804:Kazakh diaspora
2772:
2742:
2491:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2411:Afghan Turkmens
2402:
2395:
2373:
2367:
2322:Siberian Tatars
2246:
2171:
2165:
2161:Iranian Kazakhs
2141:Khorasani Turks
2113:
2107:
2080:
2074:
2017:Chinese Kazakhs
1999:
1993:
1976:
1975:Turkic peoples
1970:
1871:Bulgarian Turks
1847:Abkhazian Turks
1800:
1772:Afghan Turkmens
1754:
1709:
1700:Iranian Kazakhs
1695:Chinese Kazakhs
1678:
1598:
1593:
1563:
1558:
1510:
1507:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1423:
1414:
1388:Iranian Studies
1382:
1373:
1367:
1334:Bosworth, C. E.
1322:
1309:
1288:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1230:Bosworth, C. E.
1206:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1180:Brendemoen 2006
1178:
1174:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1025:
1017:
980:
972:
968:
960:
953:
946:
933:
932:
928:
920:
911:
901:
900:
896:
892:
887:
886:
877:
873:
854:
850:
845:
841:
836:
804:
796:
756:
732:
728:
721:
558:Dagestan Oblast
552:and 9,931 were
530:
529:
528:
525:
518:
509:
506:
419:Turkic-speaking
403:
355:
341:(primarily the
182:
123:
62:
56:
46:
36:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3350:
3348:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3304:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3122:
3113:
3112:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2723:Yenisei Kyrgyz
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:Finnish Tatars
2469:
2463:
2461:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2093:Crimean Tatars
2090:
2084:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2036:Chinese Uzbeks
2033:
2032:
2031:
2022:Chinese Kyrgyz
2019:
2014:
2012:Chinese Tatars
2009:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1961:Tunisian Turks
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Romanian Turks
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:Lebanese Turks
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1896:Egyptian Turks
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1876:Croatian Turks
1873:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1852:Algerian Turks
1849:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1726:Chinese Kyrgyz
1723:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1651:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1615:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1596:Turkic peoples
1594:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1569:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1431:
1430:
1428:. M.E. Sharpe.
1421:
1412:
1394:(3): 333–354.
1380:
1371:
1365:
1338:van Donzel, E.
1320:
1312:Johanson, Lars
1307:
1297:(3): 324–340.
1286:
1277:
1265:
1253:
1218:van Donzel, E.
1213:"Ḳarapapak̲h̲"
1204:
1196:Akiner, Shirin
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1172:
1157:
1155:, p. 347.
1142:
1140:, p. 346.
1125:
1113:
1101:
1099:, p. 254.
1080:
1078:, p. 186.
1068:
1056:
1054:, p. 347.
1044:
1042:, p. 832.
1023:
1021:, p. 627.
978:
966:
964:, p. 137.
951:
945:978-3895003257
944:
926:
909:
893:
891:
888:
885:
884:
871:
848:
838:
837:
835:
832:
831:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
803:
800:
795:
792:
758:
757:
735:
733:
726:
720:
717:
632:Azerbaijan SSR
527:
526:
522:Max Karl Tilke
519:
512:
510:
508:Karapapakh man
507:
500:
497:
496:
495:
458:Ottoman Empire
402:
399:
354:
351:
273:Ottoman Empire
220:(Azerbaijani:
192:
191:
180:Turkic peoples
175:
174:
170:
169:
155:
154:
150:
149:
130:
129:
125:
124:
122:
121:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
73:
70:
69:
65:
64:
48:
47:
44:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3349:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3235:Pontic Greeks
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3110:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2842:territories).
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Black Klobuks
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2459:(exc. Russia)
2452:
2446:
2445:Afghan Kyrgyz
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2301:Mishar Tatars
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:in Uzbekistan
1973:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:Serbian Turks
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:Kosovan Turks
1909:
1907:
1906:Israeli Turks
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:Cypriot Turks
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Bosnian Turks
1864:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:Afghan Kyrgyz
1738:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1123:, p. 95.
1122:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:Tsutsiev 2014
1072:
1069:
1065:
1064:Tsutsiev 2014
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:Minorsky 1997
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
979:
975:
970:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
947:
941:
937:
930:
927:
924:, p. 50.
923:
918:
916:
914:
910:
905:
898:
895:
889:
881:
875:
872:
868:
864:
860:
859:
852:
849:
843:
840:
833:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
801:
799:
793:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
754:
749:
745:
744:
739:
734:
725:
724:
718:
716:
714:
710:
706:
701:
697:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:According to
677:
675:
671:
667:
664:, along with
663:
659:
658:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:Shirin Akiner
621:
617:
613:
609:
602:, Iran (1913)
601:
596:
592:
590:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
569:
564:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
523:
516:
511:
504:
499:
494:
492:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
387:broken plural
383:
377:
368:
364:
360:
352:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
300:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
190:
186:
181:
176:
171:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
126:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
74:
71:
66:
60:
54:
49:
42:
33:
29:
22:
3208:Azerbaijanis
3105:
2934:Azerbaijanis
2482:Lipka Tatars
2355:Tozhu Tuvans
2315:Volga Tatars
2028:Akto Turkmen
1921:Libyan Turks
1881:Cretan Turks
1796:Akto Turkmen
1745:Tajik Kyrgyz
1732:Akto Turkmen
1661:
1619:Azerbaijanis
1425:
1416:
1391:
1387:
1375:
1356:
1349:
1324:Minorsky, V.
1315:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1260:
1240:
1233:
1208:Barthold, W.
1199:
1175:
1116:
1104:
1071:
1059:
1047:
969:
935:
929:
903:
897:
879:
874:
866:
856:
851:
842:
797:
775:
764:Oghuz branch
761:
752:
741:
700:Olson et al.
699:
698:
693:Ali-Illahism
681:Olson et al.
680:
678:
674:Georgian SSR
656:
652:
640:Azerbaijanis
627:
605:
581:
566:
545:
531:
486:
472:), south of
427:
415:Western Asia
404:
362:
358:
356:
347:Armenian SSR
343:Georgian SSR
323:Soviet Union
319:Ali-Illahism
308:
298:
285:Azerbaijanis
281:Soviet Union
249:Western Asia
246:
217:
214:Karapapaklar
206:Qarapapaqlar
197:
195:
185:Azerbaijanis
167:Ali-Illahism
35:Ethnic group
32:
3337:Karapapakhs
3170:Mingrelians
3157:Kartvelians
2917:Armeno-Tats
2703:Toquz Oghuz
2642:Oghuz Turks
2609:Sir-Kıvchak
2403:Afghanistan
2146:Qarai Turks
2062:Tor Uyghurs
2041:Fuyu Kyrgyz
1989:Karakalpaks
1858:Kouloughlis
1662:Karapapakhs
1346:Lecomte, G.
1226:Pellat, Ch.
1121:Wixman 1984
1097:Akiner 1983
768:Azerbaijani
753:(July 2024)
616:World War I
575:, and 7 in
538:Kars Oblast
478:Abbas Mirza
238:Azerbaijani
226:Terekemeler
224:; Turkish:
222:Tərəkəmələr
202:Azerbaijani
198:Karapapakhs
183:Especially
159:Sunni Islam
135:Azerbaijani
39:Karapapakhs
28:Karakalpaks
3306:Categories
3282:Lom people
3213:Qarapapaqs
3193:Abkhazians
3018:Qarapapaqs
2981:Karadaghis
2912:Nakhchivan
1750:Van Kyrgyz
1632:Shahsevans
1549:Qarapapaqs
1534:Karadaghis
1461:Azerbaijan
1355:Volume IX:
1239:Volume IV:
890:References
636:Aras River
634:along the
614:following
546:Карапапахи
491:Azerbaijan
474:Lake Urmia
462:Qajar Iran
456:), to the
275:after the
271:, and the
269:Qajar Iran
163:Shia Islam
102:Azerbaijan
97:Kazakhstan
3252:Ossetians
3203:Assyrians
3198:Armenians
3106:See Also:
3053:Terekemes
2991:Sheylanli
2969:Ashkenazi
2944:Georgians
2902:Armenians
2777:Diasporas
2718:Xueyantuo
2708:Uriankhai
2655:Pechenegs
2648:Turkomans
2622:Kutrigurs
2294:Kryashens
2256:Kumandins
2237:Karachays
2217:Besermyan
2192:Telengits
2098:Krymchaks
2081:in Crimea
2046:Ili Turks
1639:Küresünni
1554:Shahsevan
1544:Küresünni
1408:159730844
1384:Rabi, Uzi
1249:758278456
1222:Lewis, B.
689:Uzbek SSR
655:deported
382:Tarākameh
376:romanized
335:Uzbek SSR
297:deported
228:), are a
128:Languages
21:Qarapapaq
3267:Russians
3083:Khinalug
3023:Russians
2974:Mountain
2924:Akhvakhs
2828:Turkmens
2816:Turkmeni
2673:Saragurs
2617:Kurykans
2603:Kipchaks
2588:Keraites
2573:Göktürks
2563:Dughlats
2553:Dingling
2523:Berendei
2374:Mongolia
2344:Tofalars
2308:Nağaybäk
2212:Bashkirs
2199:Tubalars
2185:Chelkans
2179:Altaians
2000:in China
1832:Tahtacıs
1825:Muhacirs
1766:Turkmens
1348:(eds.).
1329:"Suldūz"
1326:(1997).
1275:. Brill.
1271:(2021).
1241:Iran–Kha
1232:(eds.).
1198:(1983).
802:See also
719:Language
685:Tashkent
657:en masse
577:Kağızman
434:Russians
407:Turkoman
363:Tarakama
359:Terekeme
345:and the
339:Caucasus
299:en masse
218:Terekeme
153:Religion
114:Lankaran
3225:Germans
3058:Tsakhur
2998:Lezgins
2954:Germans
2949:Garachi
2892:Afshars
2840:Ottoman
2824:Iranian
2820:Afghani
2768:Mughals
2763:Hazaras
2713:Utigurs
2688:Türgesh
2663:Onogurs
2637:Nushibi
2632:Naimans
2593:Khazars
2583:Karluks
2538:Chigils
2533:Bulgars
2518:Barsils
2456:Europe
2435:Ansarlu
2381:Khotons
2339:Teleuts
2232:Dolgans
2227:Chuvash
2222:Chulyms
2207:Balkars
2151:Qashqai
2136:Khalajs
2114:in Iran
2056:Uyghurs
1779:Ansarlu
1690:Kazakhs
1604:Peoples
1519:Afshars
1435:Portals
1357:San–Sze
1189:Sources
772:Turkish
748:Discuss
600:Naqadeh
584:Naqadeh
573:Ardahan
542:Russian
487:dastehs
470:Naqadeh
436:in the
430:Iranian
409:group.
401:History
391:Turkmen
378::
261:Georgia
242:Turkish
210:Turkish
147:Russian
143:Persian
139:Turkish
118:Shirvan
110:Sumgait
87:Georgia
3230:Greeks
3073:Budukh
3043:Tatars
3038:Talysh
3008:Padars
2959:Greeks
2929:Ayrums
2836:Syrian
2758:Abdals
2751:Others
2738:Yabaku
2728:Yueban
2678:Shatuo
2668:Sabirs
2627:Merkit
2578:Kangly
2568:Esegel
2548:Cumans
2528:Bulaqs
2513:Basmyl
2477:Gagauz
2427:Timuri
2421:Aimaqs
2416:Afshar
2363:Yakuts
2349:Tuvans
2281:Tatars
2276:Soyots
2266:Nogais
2261:Kumyks
2248:Koibal
2242:Khakas
2172:Russia
2126:Afshar
2070:Yugurs
1984:Uzbeks
1839:Yörüks
1721:Kyrgyz
1539:Qajars
1524:Ayrums
1406:
1363:
1344:&
1247:
1228:&
942:
808:Ayrums
784:Kangal
780:Arabic
612:Turkey
550:Sunnis
524:(1915)
423:Mongol
395:Turkic
385:, the
371:تراكمة
367:Arabic
365:(from
327:Turkey
311:Sunnis
253:Mongol
230:Turkic
216:), or
178:Other
92:Russia
77:Turkey
3272:Turks
3257:Poles
3247:Kurds
3242:Kists
3175:Svans
3088:Kryts
3063:Turks
3033:Serbs
3028:Rutul
3013:Poles
2986:Kurds
2939:Avars
2897:Arabs
2832:Iraqi
2733:Yagma
2698:Torks
2693:Tuhsi
2683:Tiele
2598:Kimek
2558:Duolu
2391:Dukha
2271:Shors
2103:Urums
2051:Salar
1818:Gajal
1812:Turks
1529:Bayat
1404:S2CID
1332:. In
1216:. In
867:Türki
834:Notes
788:Sivas
738:split
713:Iğdır
670:Kurds
620:Turks
589:Kurds
554:Shias
450:Debed
315:Shias
257:Debed
234:Oghuz
189:Turks
3277:Jews
3262:Roma
3220:Bats
3165:Lazs
3048:Tats
2964:Jews
2907:Baku
2834:and
2822:and
2503:Alat
2007:Äynu
1449:Iran
1361:ISBN
1245:OCLC
940:ISBN
770:and
711:and
709:Kars
705:Iran
646:and
644:1959
466:Kars
460:and
421:and
389:for
353:Name
331:Iran
291:and
289:1959
240:and
196:The
187:and
165:and
145:and
106:Baku
82:Iran
3095:Udi
3078:Jek
1396:doi
1299:doi
786:in
746:. (
660:to
626:'s
361:or
349:).
302:to
3308::
2826:)
2818:,
2508:Az
1402:.
1392:45
1390:.
1353:.
1340:;
1336:;
1295:21
1293:.
1237:.
1224:;
1220:;
1160:^
1145:^
1128:^
1083:^
1026:^
981:^
954:^
912:^
869:".
790:.
750:)
676:.
668:,
650:.
591:.
579:.
544:,
493:.
373:,
369::
329:,
313:,
306:.
212::
208:;
204::
161:,
141:,
137:,
116:,
112:,
108:,
3141:e
3134:t
3127:v
2873:e
2866:t
2859:v
1588:e
1581:t
1574:v
1502:e
1495:t
1488:v
1437::
1410:.
1398::
1369:.
1305:.
1301::
1251:.
948:.
882:.
200:(
120:)
61:,
30:.
23:.
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