308:
80:
526:
549:, but it became the source of a lengthy controversy. The boulder had unwittingly been removed from a sacred site of the Aboriginal women of the area. Eventually, after more than 45 years of negotiations, a boulder swap was arranged and the sacred boulder was removed from the grave and returned to its original place on 4 September 1999. The grave is now marked with a similar but non-sacred boulder donated by the
87:
64:
433:
343:
Being one of the most widely recognised symbols of
Australia’s outback, the Devils Marbles are also one of the most visited reserves/places in the Northern Territory. The Parks and Wildlife Service recorded 96,172 visitors in 2007. The visitation count increased to 137,500 by 2012. The peak season is
467:
forces caused folding of the Earth's crust in the area, which lifted the granite and fractured the sandstone, allowing the granite to come closer to the surface. As the pressure diminished, the granite expanded causing cracks to form, and then the larger formations began to separate into big, square
505:
The boulders are affected more deeply by the extreme temperature differences between day and night in the arid desert region where the reserve is located. During daylight hours the rocks expand slightly and after nightfall they contract slightly, repeating the process every 24 hours. These repeated
335:
atop one another or on larger rock formations, while others have been split cleanly down the middle by natural forces. The boulders are situated in a wide and shallow desert valley, and are found in scattered groups mainly in the western side of the reserve. A short access road leads directly into
290:
Ownership of Karlu Karlu/Devils
Marbles was officially passed from the Parks and Wildlife Service of the Northern Territory back to the traditional owners at a ceremony held on the reserve in October 2008. The reserve is now leased back to the Parks Service under a 99-year lease and the site is
417:
The clusters turned into the big red boulders at Karlu Karlu that have become so famous today. On his way back to his hill, Arrange spat on the ground. His spit turned into the granite boulders in the central part of the reserve. Arrange finally returned to his place of origin, a hill called
414:, the Devil Man, who came from a hill nearby and travelled through the area. Whilst walking along, Arrange made a hair-string belt which is a kind of traditional adornment worn only by initiated men. As he was twirling the hair to make strings, he dropped clusters of hair on the ground.
255:
is the local
Aboriginal term for both the rock features and the surrounding area. The Aboriginal term translates as "round boulders" and refers to the large boulders found mainly in the western side of the reserve. The English name for the boulders derives from a quote by
1709:
79:
1068:
475:. The surface of the blocks began to decay under the influence of the water and a layer of loose material surrounded the individual blocks. When the blocks came to the surface completely, the loose material was
396:
stories (none of which are about serpents) have Karlu Karlu as their setting, hence its great importance as a sacred site. These stories are alive and well and are passed on from generation to generation of
873:
680:
355:
The Devils
Marbles are accessible all year round with a network of pathways, information boards and a basic camping area. Rangers offer a program of live events at the site as part of their
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1360:
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184:
241:. The nearest settlement is the small town of Wauchope located 9 km (5.6 mi) to the south. The hamlet of Wycliffe Well is located 25 km (16 mi) to the south.
367:
Karlu Karlu are culturally and spiritually significant objects of the local
Aboriginal people. Most of the conservation reserve is a Registered Sacred Site, protected under the
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122:
369:
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1315:
1054:
494:. This process rounds the granite block because the chemical processes have more effect on areas with edges. The rock begins to look like it is made of layers like an
1350:
835:"Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve, Stuart Hwy, Tennant Creek (sic), NT, Australia - listing on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate (Place ID 148)"
307:
1269:
879:. Parks and Wildlife Service of the Northern Territory (PDF file linked from "parksandwildlife.nt.gov.au/manage/plans/tennant"). 1 February 2009. Archived from
781:. Parks and Wildlife Service of the Northern Territory (PDF file linked from "parksandwildlife.nt.gov.au/manage/plans/tennant"). 1 February 2009. Archived from
686:. Parks and Wildlife Service of the Northern Territory (PDF file linked from "parksandwildlife.nt.gov.au/manage/plans/tennant"). 1 February 2009. Archived from
1463:
1274:
567:
1289:
490:. Chemical processes cause the surface of the blocks to expand and contract, resulting in thin layers of rock coming off the boulder in a process called
392:
Accounts of local
Aboriginal people believing the boulders to be eggs of the mythical Rainbow Serpent are incorrect. In reality, a number of traditional
1077:
880:
206:
1646:
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960:
Petra revisited: An examination of sandstone weathering research in Petra, Jordan in
Special Paper 390: Stone Decay in the Architectural Environment
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687:
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within the Earth's crust. Thick layers of sandstone on top of the granite exerted extreme downward pressure on the granite. After some time,
284:
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The above list consists of places managed by the Parks and
Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory either alone or with other parties
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of the land, and the reserve protects one of the oldest religious sites in the world as well as the natural rock formations found there.
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boulders that form the exposed top layer of an extensive and mostly underground granite formation. The natural processes of
451:
and are part of the top layer of a formation which penetrates the ground from below, like little geological islands in the
1529:
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40:
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stories for the area which can be told to the public relates to how Karlu Karlu was created. This tradition tells of
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expedition, where he said "This is the Devil’s country; he’s even emptied his bag of marbles around the place!"
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since it is easily seen and accessed just off the Stuart
Highway, the major north/south road connecting
1034:
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jointly managed by rangers and traditional owners. Visitor access has not been affected, making it an
1615:
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have created the various shapes of the boulders. Some of the boulders are naturally but precariously
257:
1448:
344:
in the cooler months from May to August. The reserve is one of the main tourist attractions in the
1016:
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222:
44:
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510:, create cracks which sometimes go so deep that the boulder is completely split in half.
498:. Only the outer few centimetres are affected by chemical weathering in a process called
513:
471:
The next phase of the formation of the
Marbles started when the blocks were exposed to
337:
332:
218:
616:"Place Names Register Extract for "Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve""
1683:
550:
534:
401:. Only a handful of stories are considered suitable to tell to uninitiated visitors.
238:
750:
1710:
Northern Territory places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate
1022:
874:"Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve Joint Management Plan - Managing Visitors"
459:. The granite was formed millions of years ago as a result of the hardening of
935:. Georgia Perimeter College/Pamela J. W. Gore. 5 February 2002. Archived from
507:
487:
483:
324:
967:
283:. In 1982, almost the entire reserve was registered as a sacred site by the
137:
124:
749:. Parks and Wildlife Service of the Northern Territory. 2013. Archived from
464:
456:
405:
374:
226:
63:
432:
389:
people, also have spiritual connections and responsibilities for the area.
244:
The Devils Marbles are of great cultural and spiritual significance to the
17:
681:"Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve Joint Management Plan - Introduction"
642:"Terrestrial Protected Areas by Reserve Type in Northern Territory (2016)"
86:
546:
529:
John Flynn's Memorial with the replacement boulder, Alice Springs, 2002
476:
448:
441:
410:
328:
320:
776:"Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve Joint Management Plan - Foreword"
533:
One of the boulders was removed from the reserve in 1952 and taken to
452:
373:. Although Karlu Karlu is within country originally belonging to the
377:
people, all of the other local Aboriginal groups, which include the
524:
512:
495:
472:
460:
431:
306:
279:. In 1980, the conservation reserve was listed on the now-defunct
299:
was assigned, corresponding with the joint management structure.
1050:
815:. Parks and Wildlife Service of the Northern Territory. 2013
545:. The boulder was chosen as a symbol of his link to the
1652:
Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory
185:
Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory
1657:
Protected areas managed by the Australian government
1642:
Indigenous Protected Areas of the Northern Territory
1634:
1588:
1512:
1421:
1400:
1384:
1308:
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813:"Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve"
370:
Northern Territory Aboriginal Sacred Sites Act 1989
202:
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169:
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114:
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34:
29:
Protected area in the Northern Territory, Australia
741:
739:
482:The rounding of the granite blocks is a result of
868:
866:
864:
862:
770:
768:
297:Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve
215:Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve
196:Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve
93:Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve
36:Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve
1695:Conservation reserves in the Northern Territory
908:(1995). "Bornhardts, Boulders and Inselbergs".
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
1062:
359:program between May and September each year.
352:and Alice Springs, and points further south.
277:Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act
8:
610:
608:
506:cycles of expansion and contraction, called
488:physical (also called mechanical) weathering
568:Ewaninga Rock Carvings Conservation Reserve
1069:
1055:
1047:
722:Northern Territory Land Information System
712:
710:
708:
237:, and 393 km (244 mi) north of
62:
31:
1078:Protected areas of the Northern Territory
910:Cadernos do Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe
807:
805:
803:
271:in October 1961. The name was changed to
207:Protected areas of the Northern Territory
1647:National parks of the Northern Territory
233:about 105 km (65 mi) south of
927:
925:
923:
604:
573:Henbury Meteorites Conservation Reserve
68:A pair of balanced boulders at the site
1042:Similar rocks in the antipodes (Spain)
183:Traditional Aboriginal Owners and the
1128:Douglas River / Daly River Esplanade
285:Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority
7:
273:Devil's Marbles Conservation Reserve
1601:George Brown Darwin Botanic Gardens
1035:"Devil's Marbles handover ceremony"
578:Rainbow Valley Conservation Reserve
165:18.02 km (7.0 sq mi)
262:Australian Overland Telegraph Line
25:
933:"Weathering: Types of Weathering"
455:, surrounded by large amounts of
56:V (protected landscape/seascape)
440:The Devils Marbles constitute a
85:
78:
1580:Yeperenye/Emily and Jessie Gaps
1371:Tennant Creek Telegraph Station
1316:Alice Springs Telegraph Station
1275:Napwerte/Ewaninga Rock Carvings
724:. Northern Territory Government
622:. Northern Territory Government
281:Register of the National Estate
275:on 21 September 1979 under the
1464:Iytwelepenty / Davenport Range
1331:Barrow Creek Telegraph Station
718:"Place Names Register Extract"
583:Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park
267:The area was originally named
1:
1200:Black Jungle/Lambells Lagoon
962:. Vol. 390. p. 39.
648:. Australian government. 2016
593:West MacDonnell National Park
1700:Rock formations of Australia
1662:Protected areas of Australia
1351:Heavitree Gap Police Station
1250:Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles
1174:Newry Station Gouldian Finch
1023:"New Light on Flynn's Grave"
840:Australian Heritage Database
336:the boulder fields from the
543:Royal Flying Doctor Service
447:. The formation is made of
295:. On 6 July 2011, the name
229:located in the locality of
1731:
1611:Manton Dam Recreation Area
994:. Flinders Ranges Research
1670:
1596:Alice Springs Desert Park
508:thermal stress weathering
311:A naturally split boulder
293:Indigenous Protected Area
73:
61:
51:
1270:Mac Clark (Acacia peuce)
1118:Adelaide River Foreshore
968:10.1130/0-8137-2390-6.39
958:Paradise, T. R. (2005).
479:away by water and wind.
424:where he remains today.
1626:Windows on the Wetlands
1621:Territory Wildlife Park
1606:Leanyer Recreation Park
1429:Barranyi (North Island)
620:NT Place Names Register
363:Aboriginal significance
1535:Giwining / Flora River
1162:Conservation Covenants
1123:Daly River (Mt Nancar)
588:Watarrka National Park
537:to form a memorial to
530:
517:
437:
312:
269:Devils Marbles Reserve
173:137,500 (in 2012)
1290:Tnorala (Gosse Bluff)
1188:Conservation Reserves
992:"John Flynn Memorial"
845:Australian Government
541:, the founder of the
528:
516:
500:spheroidal weathering
435:
357:Territory Parks Alive
310:
1616:Owen Springs Reserve
1376:Victoria River Depot
1336:Central Mount Stuart
179:Managing authorities
106:Nearest town or city
1555:Leaning Tree Lagoon
1550:Katherine Low Level
1309:Historical Reserves
1179:Longreach Waterhole
1029:. 8 September 1999.
747:"Park Visitor Data"
134: /
1469:Judbarra / Gregory
1361:John Flynn's Grave
1240:Henbury Meteorites
1111:Conservation Areas
1027:Alice Springs News
531:
518:
438:
399:traditional owners
313:
249:traditional owners
223:Northern Territory
138:20.550°S 134.283°E
45:Northern Territory
1677:
1676:
1530:Cutta Cutta Caves
1459:Garig Gunak Barlu
1408:Garig Gunak Barlu
1245:Illamurta Springs
847:. 21 October 1980
753:on 4 January 2014
436:Suspended boulder
212:
211:
16:(Redirected from
1722:
1575:Umbrawarra Gorge
1385:Hunting Reserves
1260:Knuckey Lagoons
1195:Anna's Reservoir
1085:Coastal Reserves
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404:One of the main
260:during the 1870
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143:-20.550; 134.283
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1690:IUCN Category V
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1525:Butterfly Gorge
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1225:Connells Lagoon
1205:Blackmore River
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1635:Related topics
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939:on 10 May 2013
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886:on 16 May 2013
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1255:Kintore Caves
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1017:Official site
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54:IUCN category
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1705:Sacred rocks
1589:Other places
1513:Nature Parks
1444:Dulcie Range
1413:Limmen Bight
1401:Marine Parks
1326:Attack Creek
1249:
1153:Stray Creek
1026:
996:. Retrieved
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941:. Retrieved
937:the original
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157:October 1961
26:
1454:Finke Gorge
1220:Caranbirini
521:Controversy
492:exfoliation
253:Karlu Karlu
154:Established
141: /
116:Coordinates
18:Karlu Karlu
1684:Categories
1489:Mary River
1484:Litchfield
1474:Keep River
1356:John Flynn
1280:Native Gap
1169:Lake Woods
1148:Tree Point
998:31 January
943:29 January
916:: 347–380.
890:29 January
819:29 January
792:29 January
757:29 January
728:29 January
697:29 January
652:15 January
646:CAPAD 2016
599:References
539:John Flynn
325:weathering
319:are large
246:Aboriginal
170:Visitation
1366:Ryan Well
1300:Woodgreen
1210:Bullwaddy
1102:Shoal Bay
1092:Casuarina
457:sandstone
428:Formation
383:Warumungu
375:Alyawarre
258:John Ross
231:Warumungu
227:Australia
41:Warumungu
1565:Ruby Gap
1499:Watarrka
1494:Nitmiluk
1439:Djukbinj
1321:Arltunga
1235:Fogg Dam
851:17 March
626:17 March
557:See also
553:people.
551:Arrernte
484:chemical
468:blocks.
465:tectonic
442:degraded
406:Dreaming
394:Dreaming
387:Warlpiri
379:Kaytetye
333:balanced
321:granitic
303:Features
203:See also
129:134°17′E
110:Wauchope
1265:Kuyunba
547:outback
449:granite
411:Arrange
329:erosion
221:in the
191:Website
126:20°33′S
43:,
1479:Limmen
974:
477:eroded
453:desert
445:nubbin
350:Darwin
1449:Elsey
884:(PDF)
877:(PDF)
786:(PDF)
779:(PDF)
691:(PDF)
684:(PDF)
496:onion
473:water
461:magma
217:is a
1000:2020
972:ISBN
945:2014
892:2014
853:2019
821:2014
794:2014
759:2014
730:2014
699:2014
654:2018
628:2019
486:and
385:and
327:and
315:The
162:Area
964:doi
225:of
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