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796:) and partly to sheer ill-luck. Compared with his foreign policy, the domestic policy of Charles IX was comparatively unimportant. It aimed at confirming and supplementing what had already been done during his regency. He did not officially become king until 22 March 1604. The first deed in which the title appears is dated 20 March 1604; but he was not crowned until 15 March 1607.
2194:
568:, to submit to his authority, rather than to that of the king, provoked a civil war. Charles sought to increase his power and the king attempted to manage the situation by diplomacy over several years, until fed up, Sigismund got permission from the Commonwealth's legislature to pursue the matters dividing his Swedish subjects, and
42:
551:
Protestant state. Under the agreement, Charles and the
Swedish Privy Council shared power and ruled in Sigismund's place since he resided in Poland. In the ensuing years 1593–1595, Charles's task was extraordinarily difficult. He had steadily to oppose Sigismund's reactionary tendencies and
654:
619:, Charles had the coffin opened to reassure himself that Fleming was indeed dead. After having identified the face of Fleming, he was to have pulled Fleming's beard with the words, "If you had been alive, your head would not have been safe", upon which Fleming's wife
1003:, who had participated in the wars. As a ruler, Charles is the link between his great father and his still greater son. He consolidated the work of Gustav I, the creation of a great Protestant state; he prepared the way for the erection of the Protestant empire of
2128:
Gustavus
Adolphus: a history of the art of war from its revival after the Middle Ages to the end of the Spanish Succession War, with a detailed account of the campaigns of the great Swede, and of the most famous campaigns of Turenne, Condé, Eugene and
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Necessity compelled him to work with the clergy and people rather than the gentry; hence it was that the
Riksdag of the Estates assumed under his regency government a power and an importance which it had never possessed before. In 1595, the Riksdag of
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666:
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508:. He had no sympathy with John's High-Church tendencies on the one hand, and he sturdily resisted all the king's endeavours to restrict his authority as Duke of Södermanland on the other. The nobility and the majority of the
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of 1618–1648. These conflicts had already caused the dynastic squabble rooted in religious freedom that deposed
Charles' nephew (Sigismund III) and brought Charles to rule as king of Sweden.
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of 1629. In fact, it worsened
European politics to the abandonment or prevention of settling events by diplomacy and compromise during the vast bloodletting of the Thirty Years' War.
749:
Finally, the
Riksdag at Linköping, 24 February 1604 declared that Sigismund abdicated the Swedish throne, that duke Charles was recognized as the sovereign. He was declared king as
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Quite likely, the dynastic outcome between the
Swedish and Polish representatives of the House of Vasa exacerbated and radicalized the later actions of Europe's Catholic princes in
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630:, and was captured himself, as well as being forced to deliver up certain Swedish noblemen who were named traitor by Charles and the Riksens ständer and then executed in the
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supported John. However, in his endeavours to unify the realm, and
Charles had consequently (1587) to resign his pretensions to autonomy within his duchy. But, steadfast
500:
against the unhappy king after his deposition. Charles's relations with John were always more or less strained. He was at least suspected of being implicated in the
458:
forced
Sigismund to abdicate the throne to Charles IX in 1595. This eventually kicked off nearly seven decades of sporadic warfare as the two lines of the divided
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as he was, on the religious question he was immovable. The matter came to a crisis on the death of John III in 1592. The heir to the throne was John's eldest son,
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directives; he had also to curb the nobility which sought to increase their power at the expense of the absent king, which he did with cruel rigor.
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In all these struggles, he was more or less unsuccessful, owing partly to the fact that he and his forces had to oppose superior generals (e.g.
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He came into the throne by championing the
Protestant cause during the increasingly tense times of religious strife between competing sects of
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majority in Sweden—particularly the commoners and lower nobility, and Charles came forward as their champion, and also as the defender of the
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634:. With Sigismund defeated and exiled, as both an alien and a heretic to the majority of the Swedish nation, and his formal deposition by the
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753:(anglicized as Charles IX). Charles's short reign was one of uninterrupted warfare. The hostility of Poland and the breakup of
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In 1568, he was the real leader of the rebellion against Eric XIV. However, he took no part in the designs of his brother
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ally Sigismund of Poland and Sweden. During these tense political times, Charles viewed the inheritance of the throne of
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of Charles's position all along, for the same session of the Riksens ständer named him as the ruler as regent.
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2364:, the adoptive heirs of the House of Holstein-Gottorp, who were adoptive heirs of the Palatinate-ZweibrĂĽckens.
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1920:— although his successor dropped the title, Charles claimed to be King of the Caijaners from 1607 to 1611
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and preparing to resist the expected invasion of Charles, Fleming died and was succeeded as governor by
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to depose John III in 1574, and was one of the alternative regents suggested by the conspirators of the
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In the events that followed, despite some initial successes, Sigismund lost the crucial
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Från vår konstverld: Taflor och skulpturer af svenska och finska konstärer i vår tid.
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nephew with alarm. Several years of religious controversy and discord followed.
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His reign marked the start of the final chapter (dated 1648 by some) both of the
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replied, "If my late husband was alive, Your Grace would never have been here."
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Karin Tegenborg Falkdalen (2010). Vasadöttrarna (2). Falun: Historiska Media.
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1783:(1543–1604), and first cousin of his previous wife. Their children were:
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2181:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 927.
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999:, 30 October 1611 when he was succeeded by his seventeen-year-old son
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in 1593, thereby recognizing the fact that Sweden was essentially a
528:. The fear that Sigismund might re-catholicize the land alarmed the
466:
and Swedish thrones with opposing counter-claims and dynastic wars.
416:. Just under a decade after his death, these would re-ignite in the
2047:"Sweden's stolen crown jewels have 'likely' been found, police say"
2020:"Swedish crown jewels: Speedboat thieves steal priceless treasures"
41:
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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607:. In August 1597, Charles and his army invaded Ă–sterland, took
2072:"Police confirm: Sweden's stolen crown jewels have been found"
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959:
1038:
The helmet of the armor opened and photographed, unknown date
435:
in November 1592, the Swedish throne went to his nephew, the
454:
ruled in Sigismund's name. After various preliminaries, the
1875:
Arms of Charles of Sweden and Christine of Holstein-Gottorp
2098:"Swede jailed for stealing crown jewels in broad daylight"
462:
both continued to attempt to remake the union between the
2807:
Not Swedish prince by birth, but created prince of Sweden
409:. He was actually the third Swedish king called Charles.
757:
involved him in overseas contests for the possession of
450:
While King Sigismund resided in Poland, Charles and the
2451:
King John II Casimir of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania
2045:
Smith, Saphora; Radnofsky, Caroline (5 February 2019).
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from 1604 until his death. He was the youngest son of
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King Władysław IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania
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848:Coin from 1607 depicting Charles IX with the royal
375:. By his father's will Charles received, by way of
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1887:Arms of King Charles and Queen Christine of Sweden
638:in 1599 was, in effect, a natural vindication and
615:. Fleming was still not buried, and, according to
1848:Arms of Charles as Prince of Sweden, and Duke of
560:elected Charles regent, and his attempt to force
251:Princess Maria Elizabeth, Duchess of Östergötland
340:; 4 October 1550 – 30 October 1611), reigned as
2461:John Albert, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and KrakĂłw
1863:Arms of Charles of Sweden and Marie of Palatine
995:Four and a half years later Charles IX died at
2831:
2320:
543:was forced to confirm the resolutions at the
8:
2545:Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland
492:(as he then was called) in 1596 by H. NĂĽtzel
405:), took their regnal numbers according to a
2428:Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland
1184:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
815:once stolen and then found in a rubbish bin
811:Charles IX's and Queen Christina's funeral
394:Both Charles and one of his predecessors,
255:Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland
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1022:Funeral monument of Carl IX and family at
539:It was due entirely to him that Sigismund
40:
31:
2803:Lost his title due to an unequal marriage
2711:Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
1204:Learn how and when to remove this message
867:Coin from 1608, with a sword and a shield
737:
726:
599:In April 1597, after having subdued the
574:
371:, who became king both of Sweden and of
237:Catherine, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg
2644:Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland
2466:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole
1995:"Explore Linköping's historic quarters"
1930:
1838:
1767:Charles IX with Christina, 17th century
1489:12. Abraham Kristiernsson (Leijonhuvud)
1012:
801:
650:
183: 1579; died 1589)
2344:The generations indicate descent from
1799:(1596–1618), married her first cousin
1581:
1541:13. Birgitta MĂĄnsdotter (Natt och Dag)
1470:
1466:
1456:
1350:
1234:
1230:
536:dynasty against foreign interference.
1816:He also had a son with his mistress,
1742:(1584–1638), married a prince of the
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879:Charles IX's bedchamber at Gripsholm
7:
2768:Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland
2763:Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland
2685:Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland
1966:
1182:adding citations to reliable sources
1026:, worked on by 12 goldsmiths in 1611
940:The reverse side depicting his sons
262:
3767:People of the War against Sigismund
2799:Also prince of Poland and Lithuania
2592:Crown Prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa
2566:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of SmĂĄland
2387:Prince Magnus, Duke of Östergötland
2223:"Charles IX., king of Sweden"
1771:In 1592 he married his second wife
1050:Reveal of a grand statue of him in
2726:Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna
2659:Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland
2207:"Charles IX. King of Sweden"
1984:Albert Bonniers förlag, Stockholm.
1726:(1539–1584). Their children were:
1512:6. Erik Abrahamsson (Leijonhufvud)
580:Duke Karl Insulting the Corpse of
383:, which included the provinces of
25:
2695:Prince Carl, Duke of Östergötland
2418:Prince John, Duke of Östergötland
1309:9. Birgitta Gustafsdotter (Sture)
1220:Ancestors of Charles IX of Sweden
773:, while his pretensions to claim
431:. With the death of his brother
46:Charles IX by an unknown artist,
2690:Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland
2354:Houses of Palatinate-ZweibrĂĽcken
2192:
2151:
1880:
1868:
1856:
1841:
1712:Anna Marie of Palatinate-Simmern
1154:
1118:
1103:
1087:
1071:
1059:
1043:
1031:
1015:
963:
933:
910:
898:
872:
860:
841:
820:
804:
713:, 1882, Charles IX on the right)
695:
665:
660:Duke Charles on a coin from 1583
653:
315:
27:King of Sweden from 1604 to 1611
2731:Prince Lennart, Duke of SmĂĄland
2716:Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland
1903:Rise of Sweden as a Great Power
1730:Margareta Elisabeth (1580–1585)
785:in the last year of his reign.
400:
350:
205:
180:
2721:Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland
2628:Prince August, Duke of Dalarna
2618:Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland
2213:New International Encyclopedia
767:Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)
1:
3737:17th-century Swedish monarchs
2863:
2654:Prince Oscar, Duke of Gotland
1793:(Gustav II Adolf) (1594–1632)
1773:Christina of Holstein-Gottorp
570:invaded with a mercenary army
223:
194:Christina of Holstein-Gottorp
3041:descendant of Inge the Elder
2985:descendant of Inge the Elder
2352:, and continues through the
1733:Elisabeth Sabina (1582–1585)
1657:Anna Karlsdotter (Vinstorpa)
407:fictitious history of Sweden
3282:Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
2784:Prince Oscar, Duke of SkĂĄne
2664:Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke
2571:Crown Prince Charles August
2169:Charles IX., king of Sweden
1791:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
1453:Charles IX of Sweden (Vasa)
1427:Sigrid Eskilsdotter (Banér)
169:Maria of Palatinate-Simmern
3788:
3352:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
3305:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
3288:Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
1575:
1468:
1344:
1245:Johan Kristiernsson (Vasa)
1232:
355:) and of his second wife,
3676:
2792:
2342:
2293:
2284:
2271:
2266:
2239:
1825:Carl Carlsson Gyllenhielm
1777:Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp
1775:(1573–1625), daughter of
1714:(1561–1589), daughter of
1642:
1634:
1606:
1587:
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1412:
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1315:
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1259:
1236:
605:Arvid StĂĄlarm the Younger
247:Gustav II Adolf of Sweden
39:
3772:People of the Kalmar War
2456:Prince Alexander Charles
2413:Gustav, Prince of Uglich
1600:14. Erik Karlsson (Vasa)
1110:Relief on a wall of the
1094:Statue of Charles IX in
1082:("Jehovah is my Solace")
2229:The American Cyclopædia
2178:Encyclopædia Britannica
2124:Dodge, Theodore Ayrault
1625:Ebba Eriksdotter (Vasa)
1369:10. MĂĄns Karlsson (Eka)
794:Christian IV of Denmark
590:, 1878, Fleming's wife
3414:Sten Sture the Younger
3345:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
3328:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
3271:Christopher of Bavaria
1978:Warburg, Karl (1881):
1768:
1566:Margareta Leijonhufvud
746:
735:
706:Pleads for Her Husband
636:Riksdag of the Estates
596:
510:Riksdag of the Estates
493:
456:Riksdag of the Estates
359:, the brother of King
337:
3757:Dukes of Södermanland
3747:People from Stockholm
2795:Also prince of Norway
2576:King Charles XIV John
1787:Christina (1593–1594)
1766:
1749:, becoming mother of
1710:He married, firstly,
1080:Jehovah solatium meum
1078:His motto inscribed:
790:Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
741:
730:
578:
488:
452:Swedish privy council
443:Sweden by his devout
357:Margaret Leijonhufvud
296:Margaret Leijonhufvud
3732:16th-century regents
3393:Sten Sture the Elder
3376:Sten Sture the Elder
3275:House of Wittelsbach
2747:King Carl XVI Gustaf
2680:King Gustaf VI Adolf
2561:King Gustav IV Adolf
2519:King Adolf Frederick
2423:King Gustav II Adolf
2201:at Wikimedia Commons
2199:Charles IX of Sweden
1178:improve this section
672:With his first wife
475:Edict of Restitution
3066:Sverker the Younger
2165:Bain, Robert Nisbet
2131:. Greenhill Books.
1913:Battle of StĂĄngebro
1024:Strängnäs Cathedral
905:Gold coin from 1608
632:Linköping Bloodbath
628:Battle of StĂĄngebro
429:Counter-Reformation
367:, and the uncle of
151:Strängnäs Cathedral
122:, Stockholm, Sweden
3424:House of Oldenburg
3386:House of Oldenburg
3359:Erik Axelsson Tott
3321:House of Oldenburg
3311:Erik Axelsson Tott
3223:House of Estridsen
3037:House of Estridsen
3027:Eric "IX" the Holy
2981:House of Estridsen
2972:Ragnvald Knaphövde
2847:Monarchs of Sweden
2276:Title last held by
2104:. 22 February 2019
2078:. 11 February 2019
1908:Battle of Kircholm
1805:John III of Sweden
1803:, youngest son of
1781:Christine of Hesse
1769:
1756:Gustav (1587–1587)
1724:Elisabeth of Hesse
1394:Cecilia MĂĄnsdotter
1334:Gustav I of Sweden
1066:Statue in Göteborg
975:. You can help by
747:
736:
731:Painting from the
711:Helene Schjerfbeck
597:
520:, already king of
518:Sigismund III Vasa
494:
433:John III of Sweden
286:Gustav I of Sweden
244:Princess Christina
232:Princess Elisabeth
230:Princess Margareta
139:, Nyköping, Sweden
3742:Regents of Sweden
3709:
3708:
3685:Norwegian monarch
3680:Lineage uncertain
3672:
3671:
3613:
3612:
3564:
3563:
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3241:House of Griffins
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3190:
3189:
3161:
3160:
3103:
3102:
3042:
3021:Sverker the Elder
2994:
2993:
2986:
2910:c. 1060 – c. 1130
2896:
2895:
2813:
2812:
2540:King Charles XIII
2303:
2302:
2294:Succeeded by
2197:Media related to
1943:978-91-85873-87-6
1918:Kings of Kvenland
1899:History of Sweden
1759:Maria (1588–1589)
1736:Louis (1583–1583)
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1135:John Munsterhjelm
1005:Gustavus Adolphus
1001:Gustavus Adolphus
993:
992:
893:
777:brought upon him
714:
682:Hieronymus NĂĽtzel
595:
471:the German states
418:Thirty Years' War
323:
322:
18:Karl IX of Sweden
16:(Redirected from
3779:
3634:Charles XIV John
3624:
3580:
3570:Holstein-Gottorp
3534:Charles X Gustav
3524:
3520:
3451:
3209:
3172:
3114:
3040:
3011:
2984:
2967:Inge the Younger
2907:
2865:
2860:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2817:
2503:King Frederick I
2498:King Charles XII
2408:King Sigismund I
2358:Holstein-Gottorp
2329:
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2315:
2306:
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2255:
2237:
2233:
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1935:
1884:
1872:
1860:
1845:
1818:Karin Nilsdotter
1779:(1526–1586) and
1751:Charles X Gustav
1722:(1539–1583) and
1720:Elector Palatine
1253:
1226:
1217:
1209:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1158:
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1122:
1112:Stockholm Palace
1107:
1091:
1075:
1063:
1047:
1035:
1019:
988:
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956:Death and legacy
937:
927:
917:Medal of him by
914:
902:
891:
880:
876:
864:
845:
836:
824:
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744:Gripsholm Castle
708:
699:
690:
676:and second wife
669:
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585:
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402:
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353: 1523–1560
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259:Carl Gyllenhielm
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120:Stockholm Castle
116:
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65:22 March 1604 –
44:
32:
21:
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3664:Carl XVI Gustaf
3659:Gustaf VI Adolf
3609:
3600:Gustav IV Adolf
3590:Adolf Frederick
3560:
3549:Ulrika Eleonora
3514:
3513:
3506:
3495:
3486:Gustav II Adolf
3436:
3205:
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3186:
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2911:
2892:
2878:Olof Skötkonung
2849:
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2814:
2809:
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2801:
2797:
2788:
2777:16th generation
2772:
2756:15th generation
2751:
2740:14th generation
2735:
2704:13th generation
2699:
2673:12th generation
2668:
2637:11th generation
2632:
2613:King Charles XV
2606:10th generation
2601:
2580:
2549:
2535:King Gustav III
2523:
2507:
2486:
2482:King Charles XI
2470:
2434:
2396:
2392:King Charles IX
2365:
2338:
2336:Swedish princes
2333:
2299:
2297:Gustav II Adolf
2290:
2277:
2261:30 October 1611
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2026:. 1 August 2018
2018:
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2585:9th generation
2582:
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2557:
2555:
2554:8th generation
2551:
2550:
2548:
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2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2528:7th generation
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2513:
2512:6th generation
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2491:5th generation
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2475:4th generation
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2439:3rd generation
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2401:2nd generation
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2370:1st generation
2367:
2366:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2292:
2287:King of Sweden
2283:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2267:Regnal titles
2264:
2263:
2254:4 October 1550
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2234:
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2188:
2187:External links
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2173:Chisholm, Hugh
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881:(Painting by
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709:(Painting by
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641:ex post facto
637:
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624:
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621:Ebba Stenbock
618:
614:
610:
606:
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594:on the right)
593:
592:Ebba Stenbock
589:
586:(Painting by
584:
583:
582:Klaus Fleming
577:
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567:
563:
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545:Uppsala Synod
542:
541:as king-elect
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147:21 April 1612
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78:15 March 1607
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49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3605:Charles XIII
3553:
3517:Hesse-Kassel
3515:
3511:Wittelsbach)
3480:
3429:
3420:Christian II
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3374:
3365:Charles VIII
3357:
3350:
3343:
3334:Charles VIII
3326:
3309:
3303:
3294:Charles VIII
3286:
3280:
3263:
3246:
3199:
3196:Kalmar Union
3092:
3080:
3025:
3003:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2597:King Oscar I
2391:
2285:
2278:
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2258:
2251:
2244:
2227:
2211:
2176:
2127:
2118:
2106:. Retrieved
2101:
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2075:
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2050:
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2023:
2014:
2002:. Retrieved
1998:
1989:
1980:
1974:
1933:
1850:Södermanland
1815:
1770:
1709:
1452:
1200:
1191:
1176:Please help
1164:
1079:
994:
981:
977:adding to it
972:
942:Gustav Adolf
787:
750:
748:
702:
639:
625:
613:Turku Castle
598:
579:
562:Klas Fleming
554:
540:
538:
495:
490:Duke Charles
489:
473:such as the
468:
449:
422:
414:Christianity
411:
393:
381:Södermanland
363:and of King
329:
325:
324:
234:Prince Louis
222:
132:(1611-10-30)
29:
3727:1611 deaths
3722:1550 births
3555:Frederick I
3544:Charles XII
3507:ZweibrĂĽcken
3505:Palatinate-
3407:Eric Trolle
3317:Christian I
3167:Mecklenburg
3047:Charles VII
2883:Anund Jacob
2129:Marlborough
1812:(1601–1622)
1747:ZweibrĂĽcken
1248: [
922: [
886: [
883:Emma Sparre
831: [
771:Ingrian War
742:Charles in
685: [
680:in 1598 by
558:Söderköping
502:Mornay Plot
427:and of the
425:Reformation
83:Predecessor
3716:Categories
3644:Charles XV
3627:since 1818
3619:Bernadotte
3595:Gustav III
3539:Charles XI
3481:Charles IX
3431:Gustav (I)
3144:Eric "XII"
3129:Magnus III
3088:Knut LĂĄnge
2953:Blot-Sweyn
2873:Eric "VII"
2362:Bernadotte
2360:; and the
2291:1604–1611
1925:References
1744:Palatinate
1125:Relief in
601:Cudgel War
530:Protestant
441:Protestant
326:Charles IX
113:1550-10-04
74:Coronation
35:Charles IX
3691:Norwegian
3583:1751–1818
3574:Oldenburg
3527:1654–1751
3491:Christina
3476:Sigismund
3454:1523–1654
3254:Eric XIII
3237:Eric XIII
3227:Eric XIII
3212:1389–1523
3175:1364–1389
3149:Magnus IV
3139:Magnus IV
3117:1250–1364
3094:Eric "XI"
3082:Eric "XI"
3033:Magnus II
2912:1160–1161
2348:, of the
2280:Sigismund
2167:(1911). "
2076:The Local
1967:Bain 1911
1801:Duke John
1740:Catherine
1194:July 2014
1165:does not
1146:Ancestors
678:Christina
506:1576 Plot
369:Sigismund
312:Signature
93:Successor
87:Sigismund
3654:Gustaf V
3649:Oscar II
3471:John III
3466:Eric XIV
3461:Gustav I
3219:Margaret
3202:indicate
3124:Valdemar
3071:Eric "X"
3056:Boleslaw
2977:Magnus I
2346:Gustav I
2126:(1895).
2051:NBC News
1893:See also
1716:Louis VI
1706:Children
1096:Karlstad
1052:Göteborg
997:Nyköping
775:Lappland
769:and the
549:Lutheran
526:Catholic
514:Lutheran
498:John III
445:Catholic
437:Habsburg
396:Eric XIV
389:Värmland
377:appanage
365:John III
361:Eric XIV
306:Lutheran
302:Religion
3639:Oscar I
3382:John II
3204:regents
3200:Italics
3002:·
3000:Sverker
2944:Halsten
2929:Halsten
2919:Stenkil
2902:Stenkil
2241:Karl IX
2232:. 1879.
2216:. 1905.
2175:(ed.).
2162::
2108:10 June
2082:10 June
2056:10 June
2030:10 June
2004:10 June
1186:removed
1171:sources
1131:Finland
892:, 1884)
854:scepter
813:regalia
759:Livonia
751:Karl IX
566:Finland
338:Karl IX
334:Swedish
328:, also
210:
202:
198:
185:
177:
173:
3182:Albert
3153:Haakon
3134:Birger
3109:Bjälbo
3076:John I
2963:Philip
2273:Vacant
2257:
2171:". In
2156:
2135:
1941:
1336:(Vasa)
1280:(Vasa)
1137:, 1924
1098:, 1926
1054:, 1904
928:, 1609
765:, the
763:Ingria
755:Russia
617:legend
522:Poland
464:Polish
373:Poland
292:Mother
282:Father
224:Detail
158:Spouse
144:Burial
3699:Also
3689:Also
3683:Also
2855:Munsö
2259:Died:
2252:Born:
1396:(Eka)
1252:]
1127:Vaasa
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890:]
835:]
781:with
779:a war
689:]
674:Maria
609:Ă…land
385:Närke
271:House
218:Issue
204:(
200:
179:(
175:
62:Reign
3693:and
3446:Vasa
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3005:Eric
2133:ISBN
2110:2020
2084:2020
2058:2020
2032:2020
2006:2020
1939:ISBN
1835:Arms
1655:15.
1425:11.
1169:any
1167:cite
944:and
852:and
792:and
761:and
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534:Vasa
481:Duke
387:and
330:Carl
276:Vasa
263:ill.
127:Died
107:Born
3052:Kol
2102:BBC
2024:BBC
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1564:3.
1451:1.
1392:5.
1332:2.
1276:4.
1243:8.
1180:by
1133:by
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850:orb
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2356:,
2226:.
2210:.
2100:.
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1997:.
1949:^
1901:—
1820::
1718:,
1250:sv
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3367:(
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3273:(
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111:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
