663:"Ich habe geschrieben über die Berliner Konferenz, ich habe geschrieben über die … Umstellung auf Goldbasis unserer Währung, ich habe über das 21. Plenum geschrieben, ich habe gewisse Dinge glossiert, die mir glossierenswert erschienen, z. B. wenn irgendwo in der demokratischen Presse geschrieben worden war, dass bei irgendeinem Bau, was weiß ich, die Toiletten nicht funktionierten. Es war jedenfalls ein Krampf, diese zwei Meldungen in der Woche zusammenzubekommen, denn ich durfte grundsätzlich nichts mehr berichten, was bereits in der Zeitung stand oder durch den Rundfunk gegeben war. Von Laby weiß ich, dass die Organisation in Westberlin eine eigene Funkanlage hatte, um wichtige Nachrichten per Funk sofort weiterzugeben. Und ich muss feststellen, dass in meiner ganzen zweijährigen Tätigkeit von mir aus nicht eine einzige Meldung per Funk weitergegeben worden ist."
226:. Defined according to its 1918 city limits, the city was predominantly German speaking, but several neighbouring municipalities had subsequently been concatenated into a new enlarged city area, as a result of which German speakers in Brno, such as the Laurenz family, were now a minority, albeit a very substantial minority. In 1924 Laurenz took a job as a contributing editor with the publishers of "Tageboten", while also moonlighting as a translator (from Czech to German), and sometimes obtaining work as a simultaneous court translator. He also worked as a correspondent for the
654:"I wrote about the Berlin Conference, I wrote about the ... currency reforms , I wrote about the 21st Plenum , I glossed over things that I thought could or should be glossed over, for instance where something had already been written up in the western press, where in some public building or other that I knew, the toilets were out of order. .... It was in any case annoying to get hold of these two reports in a week, whereby there was no longer a need to report on something that was already in the newspaper or on the radio. I knew from
717:. Possibly of more interest to western intelligence would have been information on economic and industrial matters, such as supply shortages of certain raw materials, or challenges involved in feeding the population, but here again, the espionage alleged seems to have been strangely trivial. The court gave close attention to a problem in which Grotewohl's office became involved that had arisen in Dresden in December 1953, when bakers had been unable to produce traditional
533:. When the letter was inspected the next day, after it had passed through the hands of Barczatis, the hair had disappeared, which caused the investigators to suspect that someone had handled the letter far more thoroughly than would have been necessary merely to file it away: the inference was that someone - Barczatis - had removed the letter without authorisation and taken it home, filing it back in the correct safe the next day.
285:) and then, despite his physical unsuitability, conscripted into the military in 1941. Laurenz himself later placed his political position during the 1930s firmly in the context of his work as a translator in the courts, which gave him deep insights into the political situation. With positive beliefs forfeited, he identified himself as a "pacificst multiculturalist" (
724:
Judge Helene Kleine, one of the panel of judges who had condemned
Barczatis to death, was still alive in 1995, and was charged with manslaughter, false imprisonment and legal violations. The court determined that Kleine and her fellow judges had knowingly imposed disproportionately heavy penalties,
712:
Since the trial records have become available, it has become evident that many of the facts which the court concluded
Barczatis had passed to Laurenz for onward transmission to his western handlers involved agenda items that could be found in the newspapers in both East and West Germany, concerning
635:
At around 3 in the morning on 23 November 1955 Laurenz was taken from his cell to the execution room at the
National Execution Facility in Dresden and guillotined. Elli Barczatis was guillotined approximately ten minutes later. Other sources indicate that Barczatis was the first to be guillotined.
524:
reports use a cover name for
Laurenz, identifying him as "Knesel". The reports on their movements were sometimes formidably detailed and precise in terms of times and places, and a certain amount of suspicious activity was reported as early as 1951, but until late in 1954 the investigators came up
438:
In
January 1951 Laurenz obtained work with a Berlin lawyer called Dr. Greffin which, as matters turned out, landed him in more trouble. Sources indicate that he was placed under surveillance from June 1951. In October 1951 he was accused of "favouring prisoners" because of legal advice that he was
471:
himself. According to
Laurenz's later testimony, Laby introduced Schubert as the head of "some West German intelligence service", and explained that they wished to recruit Laurenz. In return for a monthly payment of 400 Marks Laurenz would report on economic matters, politics and culture in East
447:
back in 1945 were beginning to be matched by physical impediments to free movement between East and West Berlin: on his release
Laurenz established that Dr.Greffin had moved to West Berlin. Laurenz sought out Greffin and resumed working for him, albeit on a casual basis and without any fixed
1117:
The name of
Clemens Laby (22 November 1900 - ?) had still not been found in searches of the East German intelligence archives at the end of 2011. His name nevertheless cropped up in several East German criminal trials during the 1950s, where he is identified as a contact man for
400:, the prime minister. In contrast, Laurenz's career was going into reverse. Full details are hard to discern, although much later, following his arrest, hints emerged of inappropriate conduct towards female colleagues. At the start of 1950 his employers sent him to take up a post in
519:
were recruited to report on
Barczatis and her social circle, following her not merely in East Berlin but also West Berlin where she sometimes accompanied Laurenz for his meetings with his old drinking buddy, Laby. In-coming and out-going mail was scrutinised. From 27 March 1953 the
459:, a former colleague from their time together at the National Coal Administration Department. Laby had already relocated from East to West Berlin a few years before. Through Laby, Laurenz met a man called Schubert. Schubert and Laby were both working for the US sponsored
902:
The Stasi records on
Laurenz include a report dated 8 December 1952 entitled "Alles über die Person" ("Personal details"): " remains in contact with his brother. He lives in Kirlach (sic) and often sends parcels containing medicines, cigars etc. to him and his
658:
that the organisation in West Berlin already had a radio facility able to pass on without delay important news items broadcast on the radio. And I must emphasize that throughout my two years of activity, not one of my own reports was passed on by the
1183:"Agentin "Gänseblümchen" starb durch das Fallbeil: Sie arbeitete für DDR-Ministerpräsident Otto Grotewohl und spionierte für den BND. Ende 1955 wurde Elli Barczatis in Dresden hingerichtet. Jetzt arbeitet der RBB mit Ulrike Folkerts den Fall auf"
324:), where he was captured and was held for a few weeks as a US prisoner of war. Immediately after that he took a job in the coal industry, initially in Profen, and ending up, by the end of 1947, at the national head office of the Coal Department (
598:. The trial, thought to have taken place in Berlin, was held on 23 September 1955. It is believed to have lasted approximately 13 hours and was recorded. A version of the recording, reduced to approximately 320 minutes, was found among the
1503:
678:
The East German media were not able to report specifically on the trial which was held behind closed doors "in camera". But they did report in more general terms a massive unmasking and the successful arrest of more than 1,000
355:. In economic and political terms the new country was closely modeled on the institutions of the Soviet Union itself. Internationally it was a member of the Soviet military bloc. Early in 1948 Laurenz became a member of the
586:. The long hours of nocturnal interrogation broke him down. A routine was evolved whereby he underwent twelve hour interrogation sessions through the night, and was then sleep deprived during the hours of daylight.
546:
His arrest was originally scheduled for 8 December 1954, but was deferred. Reasons for the deferral unclear. In the end Laurenz was arrested at around 11.30 on 4 March 1955, close to his home at Vinetastraße 49 in
344:, as part of the Soviet occupation zone, but they had withdrawn in June 1945, leaving Laurenz in the region controlled by the Soviet military. In October 1949 the entire Soviet zone underwent a relaunched as the
356:
537:
investigators now set a series of further traps. Under judicial pressure at her subsequent trial, Barczatis confirmed that she had taken papers home in order to show them to Laurenz, but this was never proven.
316:
Following his conscription Laurenz had the good fortune not to be sent to the front line for several years, instead being assigned to work on the training of new recruits. Towards the end of the
396:. She was widely liked and trusted by colleagues who appreciated her friendly but always correct manner. On 6 April 1950 she was promoted to a prestigious and sensitive job as secretary to
265:, but there is no sign that Laurenz himself defected from the DDFP as the political mood across Europe became progressively more shrill. In 1934, in a lead article that he wrote for the
686:
Contrasting assessments exist concerning the importance of Laurenz and Barczatis to western intelligence. Those who identify them as important sources take their lead from the former
1493:
503:
is used. Over the years Laurenz was paid several thousand Marks, while Elli Barczatis received from her lover a string of gifts large and small, ranging from chocolates to a
621:. Neither Barczatis nor Laurenz had any legal representation. Apart from the two of them, the court officers and the prosecutors, only Stasi officers were present in court.
1237:
1092:
1402:
1473:
1483:
1262:
BStU, ZA, MfS AU 406/55, Bl. 92: Eröffnungsbeschluß „Termin zur Hauptverhandlung ist auf den 23. September 1955, vorm. 9.00 Uhr anberaumt worden. Bl. , d. 16.9.1955“.
1463:
701:). Much subsequent comment has concluded that Gehlen, whose intelligence career had been widely discredited by the time he wrote his memoirs thanks, above all, to
1448:
1349:
624:
The original recommendation had been for life sentences, but the court condemned both defendants to death for "Boycott Agitation" under article §6 of the
574:. Records indicate that he confessed early on, towards the end of March 1955, but then retracted his confession, comparing the tactics employed by the
1153:(There is a suggestion that this source exaggerates the importance of Barczatis' role and the extent of her awareness of Laurenz's intelligence work.)
329:
281:
who joined the Nazi party, and according to his own later testimony was reprimanded by the security services for his "lack of political sensitivity" (
1478:
1273:
1209:
687:
464:
451:
Frustrated, Laurenz became increasingly ambivalent in his attitude to the Eastern version of Germany, quietly becoming more positive about the
483:, enjoyed access to secret documents which she showed Laurenz in the belief that he needed them for his work as a journalist. In the files of
982:
850:
516:
721:
because the authorities, ignorant of the special characteristics of Christmas bread in Dresden, had failed to provide sufficient raisins.
1215:. Der Bundesbeauftragte für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (BStU), Berlin
1182:
560:
274:
594:
On 17 June 1955 the investigation was finally completed, with a recommendation to the court that the ensuing trial should be conducted
525:
with little usable evidence. In the end the authorities set a trap. In November 1954 a hair was carefully attached to on a letter from
1488:
320:, however, in February 1945 he was posted as a soldier to the western front: in April 1945 he deserted, ending up at Profen (south of
1375:
345:
771:
424:
389:
370:
359:
121:
650:
Karl Laurenz consistently downplayed the significance and the level of detail in the information that he has passed to the west.
296:. He married on 28 February 1929, which resulted in the birth, in around 1930, of two daughters who ended up, after the war, in
1468:
618:
1026:
328:) in Berlin. Since the war had ended, formally in May 1945, the entire central portion of what had been Germany had been
625:
693:, who published his memoirs in 1971, describing Barczatis as "the first important link in the other part of Germany" (
479:, but without knowing precisely which secret service he was working for. Elli Barczatis, as the trusted secretary of
246:
1458:
440:
393:
348:
210:. His studies included a dissertation which he wrote with the title "De poena capitali mutandis in temporibus" (
443:. During this time the political and economic divisions that had been implicit in the division of Berlin into
381:
who after 1949 was employed as a secretary to the head of the "Coal Department", a political appointee called
917:
1498:
1318:
1068:
1034:
452:
444:
81:
603:
556:
551:. Elli Barczatis was arrested some six hours later as she left her work. They were taken initially to the
439:
providing. This led to a five month prison term followed by an instruction never again to set foot in the
333:
608:
435:). One mistake was speaking out against a new law cancelling weekend bonus payments for truck drivers.
145:(11 September 1905 - 23 November 1955) was trained as a lawyer, but worked, for much of his life, as a
801:
564:
448:
employment contract. It appears that after this point Laurenz no longer had any full-time employment.
1443:
1438:
1298:
Staadt, Jochen: Gänseblümchens Tod, in: Frankfurter Allgemeine 11 April 2001, Berliner Section, p. 3.
1123:
886:
669:
599:
417:
262:
215:
273:
supporters on a barracks in Brno, but otherwise he was for the most part apolitical. Even after the
1119:
836:
706:
680:
484:
476:
460:
388:
Elli Barczatis was six years younger than Laurenz, and was building a successful career inside the
261:. The party lost support after 1933, following the establishment of the more overtly nationalistic
1453:
992:
860:
726:
530:
367:
207:
91:
1379:
978:
972:
846:
840:
579:
413:
336:. In the early summer the US army, in the south of the country, had advanced into a region of
467:. There is speculation that "Schubert" was a cover name used by West Germany's "chief spy",
341:
317:
149:
journalist and specialist translator. He was executed as a western spy on the guillotine in
705:, had reasons of his own to emphasize any available positive aspects of the role played by
1004:
872:
690:
468:
382:
278:
258:
639:
Laurenz was posthumously rehabilitated by the Berlin district court on 28 November 2006.
569:
714:
526:
504:
480:
397:
378:
293:
254:
223:
219:
183:
162:
116:
43:
1148:
1031:
MfS-Akten enthüllen die Hintergründe einer der größten innerdeutschen Spionage-Affären
1432:
745:
629:
203:
628:. These were the eighth and ninth death sentences handed out by this court in 1955.
655:
552:
456:
125:
70:
1242:
SWR 2 Archivradio: Der DDR-Strafprozess gegen Elli Barczatis und Karl Laurenz 1955
1060:
301:
1350:"Vernehmung Elli Barczatis ... Angst und Vertrauen & Rosinen für den Stollen"
1156:
749:
702:
366:, by now well on its way to becoming the ruling party in a new kind of German
270:
266:
231:
412:, Laurenz looked for work in journalism. In February 1950 he took a job with
595:
373:. In the course of his work in the National Coal Administration Department (
337:
305:
559:. The next six months were spent held under investigatory detention at the
1339:
Reinhard Gehlen: Der Dienst. Erinnerungen 1942-1971, München 1971, p. 201.
842:
Spionage im Vorzimmer der Macht - der Fall Elli Barczatis und Karl Laurenz
697:). He thanked her, posthumously, for her "committed and successful work" (
404:
as a legal advisor to the central Germany Trading Centre for solid fuels (
182:, a large multi-cultural city, and at that time the principal city in the
1186:
718:
583:
401:
321:
289:), acknowledging "just three gods": the law, justice and common sense.
235:
187:
158:
150:
146:
66:
668:
Karl Laurenz (as quoted in the trial transcript which turned up after
1423:
Berliner Zeitung: 31 March 1995: Wissentlich zu hohe Strafen verhängt
548:
409:
297:
227:
191:
154:
683:. Most of these were, of course, not spies but political detainees.
377:) Laurenz became friendly with several female colleagues, including
1307:
Landgericht Berlin, Geschäftsnummer (551 Rh), 3 Js 322/06 (331/06).
198:, which opened the way to university-level education. Remaining in
1131:
1127:
890:
575:
534:
521:
492:
1504:
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States
1093:"Der DDR-Strafprozess gegen Elli Barczatis und Karl Laurenz 1955"
725:
and she was sentenced to a five-year jail term. The sentence was
578:
with those that he had evidently experienced at the hands of the
1210:"Die Töne der Staatssicherheit – die Audioüberlieferung des MfS"
695:"der ersten wichtigen Verbindungen im anderen Teil Deutschlands"
199:
179:
39:
385:. Towards the end of 1949 Laurenz and Barczatis became lovers.
1149:"Die Geschichte des Bundesnachrichtendienstes: Pullach intern"
190:. His school career concluded successfully when he passed his
416:, but was sacked after two weeks. He then took work with the
1319:"50 Jahre Bundesnachrichtendienst ... Gänseblümchen und Eva"
1278:
Review of Maximilian Schönherr: "Fallbeil für Gänseblümchen"
515:
The authorities were already investigating Laurenz in 1951.
16:
German resistance fighter, journalist and jurist (1905–1955)
1061:"was der spitzel sieht 3. September 2014 ... gute Genossin"
433:"mangelnder Wachsamkeit und kleinbürgerlicher Abweichungen"
420:
publishing house, but was sacked from this in August 1950.
1354:
Der DDR-Strafprozess gegen Elli Barczatis und Karl Laurenz
1321:. Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn
772:"1955: Elli Barczatis and Karl Laurenz, East Berlin spies"
257:
to preserve liberal political traditions on behalf of the
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
487:
the operation is identified with the cover name "Daisy" (
475:
By 1952, at the latest, Laurenz was working as a spy for
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
312:
After the Second World War in the Soviet occupation zone
214:). By this time, following frontier changes mandated at
472:
Germany. Military matters would be expressly excluded.
431:) and "deficient vigilance and bourgeois deviations" (
632:
rejected an appeal for clemency on 11 November 1955.
563:. Laurenz was interrogated by a Stasi officer called
795:
793:
161:. Approximately ten minutes later, Laurenz's lover,
713:matters such as the scheduling of formal visits by
132:
111:
97:
87:
77:
50:
28:
21:
283:wegen "fehlendem politischem Fingerspitzengefühl"
1208:Silvia Oberhack; Katri Jurichs; Elke Steinbach.
1142:
1140:
602:following the demise of the East German regime.
1317:Henrike Girmond (Heinz Nixdorf Museum Forum ).
1176:
1174:
1065:Anonymised report apparently from Johanna Lexow
1054:
1052:
647:
1147:Hermann Zolling; Heinz Höhne (19 April 1971).
222:had ceased to exist, and Brno had ended up in
1494:People executed by East Germany by guillotine
1376:"Weiterer Fall im Prozeß gegen DDR-Richterin"
1087:
1085:
971:Karl Wilhelm Fricke; Roger Engelmann (1998).
8:
699:"hingebungsvolle und erfolgreiche Tätigkeit"
362:"Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands"
1403:"Sechs Menschen starben unter dem Fallbeil"
1238:"Vernehmung der Angeklagten Elli Barczatis"
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
911:
909:
300:and subsequently with Laurenz's brother at
178:Karl Anton Laurenz was born and grew up in
1232:
1230:
18:
1181:Sven Felix Kellerhoff (13 October 2015).
804:. TAZ Verlags- und Vertriebs GmbH, Berlin
613:presided over the Nbr. 1 Criminal bench (
1474:Socialist Unity Party of Germany members
408:coal and lignite). Not wishing to leave
251:"Deutsche Demokratische Freiheitspartei"
1484:Federal Intelligence Service informants
737:
245:Until 1939 Laurenz was a member of the
212:"On the Death Penalty through the ages"
1464:People from the Margraviate of Moravia
1000:
990:
977:. Ch. Links Verlag. pp. 339–343.
868:
858:
839:; Roger Engelmann (8 September 2010).
453:German Federal Republic (West Germany)
1449:German Army personnel of World War II
1025:Jan von Flocken (30 September 1996).
427:for "conduct damaging to the party" (
7:
1272:Ralf Bei der Kellen (7 March 2014).
707:the West German intelligence service
342:designated, by the allied commanders
1401:Sigrid Averesch (17 January 1995).
1130:HA IX/Tb/2166-2188, MfS AOP 77/53,
491:). In the files of the East German
1356:. Südwestrundfunk, Stuttgart. 1955
1244:. Südwestrundfunk, Stuttgart. 1955
1099:. Südwestrundfunk, Stuttgart. 1955
14:
1274:"Die Partei, die macht das Recht"
287:als "pazifistischen Kosmopoliten"
1059:Johanna Lexow (9 January 1951).
800:Philipp Gessler (29 June 2002).
529:to the Soviet Foreign Minister,
465:West German Intelligence Service
885:Stasi records under reference:
845:. Links, Ch. pp. 181–194.
429:"parteischädigenden Verhaltens"
247:German Democratic Liberal Party
105:court translator (simultaneous)
1479:BND agents convicted of crimes
916:Roger Cousin (18 April 2013).
643:Further context and evaluation
561:Berlin-Hohenschönhausen prison
206:at the city's recently opened
1:
493:Ministry for State Security (
423:In 1950 he was expelled from
349:German Democratic Republic (
269:, he condemned an attack by
1520:
974:Dokumente ... Karl Laurenz
636:The bodies were cremated.
441:German Democratic Republic
394:German Democratic Republic
277:Laurenz was not among the
1489:Masaryk University alumni
1382:, Berlin. 24 January 1995
445:military occupation zones
375:"Zentralverwaltung Kohle"
326:"Zentralverwaltung Kohle"
238:-based "Morgen-Zeitung" (
180:Brünn (since 1919 "Brno")
1280:. Deutschlandradio, Köln
1027:"Heimlich aufs Schafott"
752:(online). 11 August 1997
746:"Der Makler der Agenten"
715:Prime Minister Grotewohl
709:during the early 1950s.
485:West German intelligence
463:, the forerunner of the
392:and, after 1949, in the
259:German speaking minority
918:"Barczatis Elli Helene"
511:Leisurely investigation
360:Socialist Unity Party (
275:German invasion of 1938
82:Execution by guillotine
65:Münchner Platz Prison,
1469:Moravian-German people
691:chief, Reinhard Gehlen
675:
580:Nazi security services
542:Arrest and questioning
340:that had already been
334:Soviet occupation zone
192:school leaving exams (
165:, was also executed.
1120:western intelligence
1069:Maximilian Schönherr
688:western intelligence
604:Judge Walter Ziegler
455:. He linked up with
357:recently constructed
263:Sudeten German Party
253:; DDFP), founded in
234:(newspaper) and the
893:, AOP 57/56, Bl. 54
837:Karl Wilhelm Fricke
802:"Die teuren Diener"
590:Trial and execution
461:Gehlen Organization
406:"feste Brennstoffe"
240:"Morning Newspaper"
78:Cause of death
1405:. Berliner Zeitung
1037:, München (online)
778:. 23 November 2013
557:Berlin-Lichtenberg
531:Vyacheslav Molotov
371:party dictatorship
208:Masaryk University
92:Masaryk University
33:Karl Anton Laurenz
1459:Writers from Brno
1380:Neues Deutschland
984:978-3-86153-147-0
852:978-3-86284-035-9
267:Neue Freie Presse
232:Neue Freie Presse
140:
139:
36:11 September 1905
1511:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1144:
1135:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1097:SWR2 Archivradio
1089:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1022:
1009:
1008:
1002:
998:
996:
988:
968:
933:
932:
930:
928:
913:
904:
900:
894:
883:
877:
876:
870:
866:
864:
856:
833:
814:
813:
811:
809:
797:
788:
787:
785:
783:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
742:
612:
573:
565:Gerhard Niebling
346:Soviet sponsored
184:Austro-Hungarian
61:
59:
54:23 November 1955
19:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1024:
1023:
1012:
999:
989:
985:
970:
969:
936:
926:
924:
915:
914:
907:
901:
897:
884:
880:
867:
857:
853:
835:
834:
817:
807:
805:
799:
798:
791:
781:
779:
770:
769:
765:
755:
753:
744:
743:
739:
735:
719:Christmas bread
676:
674:
661:
660:
652:
645:
630:President Pieck
615:"1. Strafsenat"
606:
596:in closed court
592:
567:
544:
513:
489:"Gänseblümchen"
469:Reinhard Gehlen
418:Berliner Verlag
383:Gustav Sobottka
314:
176:
171:
120:
112:Political party
106:
104:
102:
101:legal assistant
88:Alma mater
73:
63:
57:
55:
46:
37:
35:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1517:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1499:Executed spies
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1416:
1393:
1367:
1341:
1332:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1264:
1255:
1226:
1200:
1170:
1136:
1110:
1081:
1048:
1010:
983:
934:
905:
895:
878:
851:
815:
789:
776:Executed Today
763:
736:
734:
731:
681:"Gehlen spies"
666:
648:
646:
644:
641:
600:Stasi archives
591:
588:
543:
540:
527:Otto Grotewohl
512:
509:
505:radio receiver
499:the code name
481:Otto Grotewohl
398:Otto Grotewohl
379:Elli Barczatis
313:
310:
294:Roman Catholic
292:Laurenz was a
279:ethnic Germans
255:Czechoslovakia
224:Czechoslovakia
220:Austro-Hungary
175:
172:
170:
167:
163:Elli Barczatis
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
117:Czechoslovakia
113:
109:
108:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
64:
62:(aged 50)
52:
48:
47:
44:Austro-Hungary
38:
32:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1516:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1420:
1417:
1404:
1397:
1394:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1006:
994:
986:
980:
976:
975:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
935:
923:
919:
912:
910:
906:
899:
896:
892:
888:
882:
879:
874:
862:
854:
848:
844:
843:
838:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
816:
803:
796:
794:
790:
777:
773:
767:
764:
751:
747:
741:
738:
732:
730:
728:
722:
720:
716:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
689:
684:
682:
673:
671:
670:reunification
665:
664:
657:
651:
642:
640:
637:
633:
631:
627:
622:
620:
619:Supreme Court
616:
610:
605:
601:
597:
589:
587:
585:
581:
577:
571:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:Berlin-Pankow
541:
539:
536:
532:
528:
523:
518:
510:
508:
506:
502:
498:
496:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
446:
442:
436:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
365:
363:
358:
354:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:Jurisprudence
202:, he studied
201:
197:
195:
189:
186:territory of
185:
181:
174:In Brünn/Brno
173:
168:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
114:
110:
100:
98:Occupation(s)
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
53:
49:
45:
41:
31:
27:
20:
1419:
1407:. Retrieved
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1353:
1344:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1312:
1303:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1277:
1267:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1241:
1217:. Retrieved
1203:
1191:. Retrieved
1161:. Retrieved
1152:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1096:
1072:. Retrieved
1064:
1039:. Retrieved
1030:
973:
925:. Retrieved
921:
898:
881:
841:
806:. Retrieved
780:. Retrieved
775:
766:
754:. Retrieved
740:
723:
711:
698:
694:
685:
677:
667:
662:
653:
649:
638:
634:
626:constitution
623:
614:
593:
545:
514:
500:
494:
488:
474:
457:Clemens Laby
450:
437:
432:
428:
422:
414:Berlin Radio
405:
387:
374:
361:
351:East Germany
350:
330:administered
325:
315:
291:
286:
282:
250:
244:
239:
211:
193:
177:
143:Karl Laurenz
142:
141:
126:East Germany
71:East Germany
40:Brünn (Brno)
23:Karl Laurenz
1444:1955 deaths
1439:1905 births
1157:Der Spiegel
1122:. See also
1001:|work=
869:|work=
750:Der Spiegel
729:, however.
703:Heinz Felfe
607: [
568: [
555:station at
501:"Sylvester"
477:the service
390:SED (party)
1433:Categories
733:References
271:Nazi party
216:Versailles
103:journalist
58:1955-11-24
1454:Deserters
1248:19 August
1219:19 August
1193:17 August
1134:AU 406/55
1126:-records
1103:18 August
1041:17 August
1003:ignored (
993:cite book
927:18 August
871:ignored (
861:cite book
808:19 August
782:17 August
756:17 August
727:suspended
617:) of the
517:Informers
425:the party
338:Thuringia
306:Karlsruhe
1189:(online)
1187:Die Welt
1159:(online)
582:and the
302:Kirrlach
194:"Abitur"
133:Children
922:Espions
659:radio."
584:Gestapo
495:"Stasi"
402:Leipzig
332:as the
322:Leipzig
236:Ostrava
230:-based
188:Moravia
159:Germany
151:Dresden
67:Dresden
56: (
1409:9 July
1386:9 July
1360:9 July
1325:9 July
1284:9 July
1163:9 July
1074:9 July
981:
903:wife."
849:
553:police
410:Berlin
364:/ SED)
298:Vienna
228:Vienna
155:Saxony
147:German
115:DDFP (
1213:(PDF)
1035:Focus
611:]
576:Stasi
572:]
535:Stasi
522:Stasi
304:near
200:Brünn
1411:2016
1388:2016
1362:2016
1327:2016
1286:2016
1250:2016
1221:2016
1195:2016
1165:2016
1124:BStU
1105:2016
1076:2016
1043:2016
1005:help
979:ISBN
929:2016
887:BStU
873:help
847:ISBN
810:2016
784:2016
758:2016
656:Laby
368:one-
169:Life
51:Died
29:Born
1132:MfS
1128:MfS
891:MfS
318:war
242:).
122:SED
107:spy
1435::
1378:.
1352:.
1276:.
1240:.
1229:^
1185:.
1173:^
1155:.
1151:.
1139:^
1095:.
1084:^
1067:.
1063:.
1051:^
1033:.
1029:.
1013:^
997::
995:}}
991:{{
937:^
920:.
908:^
889:,
865::
863:}}
859:{{
818:^
792:^
774:.
748:.
609:de
570:de
507:.
308:.
218:,
157:,
153:,
69:,
42:,
1413:.
1390:.
1364:.
1329:.
1288:.
1252:.
1223:.
1197:.
1167:.
1107:.
1078:.
1045:.
1007:)
987:.
931:.
875:)
855:.
812:.
786:.
760:.
672:)
497:)
353:)
249:(
196:)
136:2
128:)
124:(
119:)
60:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.