28:
528:, therefore, the rivalry inherent in the unfolding overlapping ambitions of the British and the German governments between 1885 and 1914 would be disguised under a curiously collaborative cloak. However, if Bismarck's government remained diplomatic low-key over plans for colonising large parts of East Africa,
684:
raised over "Hohenzollernhafen", at
Wubushi, a natural harbour at the mouth of the Burgabo River. Plans seem to have existed for substantial development of the port, though these appear not, at this stage, to have been implemented. The flag planting and renaming nevertheless incurred the wrath
403:
countryside. Their passage was facilitated by the caravan that accompanied them, which they had hired from an Indian merchant, but their method of travel is nevertheless described as a "forced march". On reaching their destination, Peters and Jühlke returned to the coast. The inland expedition
652:
due to the strength of the coastal surf and currents at the estuary where the river entered the sea. A robust whale-boat was procured from
Zanzibar, but it turned over. Lieutenant Güntherand two sailors were killed. Following an abrupt change of plan Jühlke nevertheless secured treaties with a
480:
was concerned, Jühlke represented the rapidly evolving German imperial project. In April 1885, according to
European belief, the sultan agreed to lease the mainland coastal strip to the company, but he also seems to have been under the impression that the territory "acquired" by the Peters
701:). In 1890 the Anglo-German agreement partitioning the East German colonial territories between Germany and England, while compensating the Sultan of Zanzibar for his resulting loss of income, superseded these concerns, since "Hohenzollernhafen" ended up in
647:
on board the steamship "Isolde", accompanied by a
Lieutenant Günther and a businessman called "Janke". They sailed not to Zanzibar but to Halule, a Somali coastal settlement . It proved impossible to take a boat inland up the
489:
persuaded the sultan to understand - with considerable reluctance - that he had been incorrect about this: a treaty guaranteeing perpetual friendship and sincere peace was negotiated and, at the end of 1885, signed between
204:. His mother, born Maria Johanna Caroline Bladt (1817-1899), was the daughter of a dance teacher. There were two sisters, but Karl Ludwig was his parents' only recorded son. He attended school initially, in
540:
expedition at the end of 1884 had left their colonisation project unfinished. During 1885 numerous further expeditions were sent inland from the East
African coast. One of these took Jühlke as far as
981:
798:
725:
On 1 December 1886, with a large consignment of equipment for beginning work on the new port installations planned for "Hohenzollernhafen", and directly after an apparently friendly meeting with
404:
had lasted only six weeks, but the German party had nevertheless laid the groundwork for future colonisation by "signing contracts" with ten "independent chiefs". (It is far from obvious that
1160:
584:, the main town in Mandara. Moshi was home to the most powerfully independent sultan in the Dschaggaland region. The Germans stayed for four days. Vows of eternal "Blutsfreundschaft" (
516:. The British had become increasingly isolated within Europe, but the German government nevertheless had reason to welcome - and quietly to endorse - Britain's obsessive concern over
194:
576:. It appears that the English arrived slightly ahead of the Germans, but any margin would have been slight. The two expeditions met each other on the lower slopes of
1058:‘Continuity of Moral Policy’: A Reconsideration of British Motives for the Partition of East Africain light of Anti-Slave Trade Policy and Imperial Agency, 1878-96
612:, on 6 July 1885, Jühlke and his team had concluded a number of further treaties with local chiefs which, it would become apparent, amounted to acceptance of
1333:
643:
for a few months of rest and recuperation. When he returned to East Africa he was now able to travel on a German ship. On 6 August 1886 he embarked from
681:
588:) were exchanged. The journey back to the coast was quicker than the trip inland had been. It involved forced marches along the southern side of the
1343:
504:
was never a man to share his intentions indiscriminately, but during the course of 1885 it became very clear that he was no longer content to leave
524:. On the world stage, too, German governments had reason to welcome British imperial expansion and a counter-weight to French ambitions. In
387:. They stayed in town for just over a week, trying to ensure that their supplies and equipment were complete, and then on 12 November crossed
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624:. A few years later, on 20 November 1890, the company agreed to transfer its administrative role and the region became unambiguously part of
372:
1007:
52:
1266:
1143:
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380:
661:, by the end of October 1886. This latest batch of land acquisitions were never confirmed by the German government, however, and in the
355:. They met under conditions of careful secrecy, using false names for themselves. During October/November 1884 they made their way to
248:
at this time it was not unusual for promising young men of Jühlke's background to attend several universities in succession. He studied
1328:
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who had been under the impression that the entire section of the Somali coast in question was part of his sultanate. It also enraged
376:
1170:
1212:
Jutta Bückendorf: “Schwarz-weiss-rot über
Ostafrika!” – Deutsche Kolonialpläne und afrikanische Realität. Lit, Münster 1997, p. 231
285:
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without involving the emperor or his government in their decision. Bismarck found this approach "arbitrary and unattractive" (
553:, accompanied by a Premierlieutenant Weiß, in response to an order received, via the recently installed telegraph, from Berlin.
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As a result of the twelve treaties concluded by the Peters expedition and ratified by the German emperor, approximately 150,000
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where the family had moved in 1858 in connection with his father's work. The family moved again in 1868 and it was at a
173:
109:
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27:
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most parts of the globe that in earlier centuries had been considered (in Europe) as suitable candidates for conquest
828:
549:, leaving expeditions to explore the African interior to others, but on 10 May 1885 he set out for the interior from
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where it was reported as a murder undertaken on instructions which came, it was not unreasonable to conclude, from
280:. By this time he was also a reserve officer with the 20th Brandenburg Infantry Regiment, having completed his
409:
253:
97:
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790:"Jühlke: Karl Ludwig J., deutscher Colonialpolitiker, wurde am 6. September 1856 in Eldena bei Greifswald ..."
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706:
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on the
British side. They called it "Bur Gavo" which was the Somali name of the entire town, adapted for
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336:
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193:, where his father had recently resigned after twenty successful years as a high-profile educator at the
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686:
495:
257:
101:
936:"Der Einfluss von Ferdinand Jühlke (1815-1893) auf die Entwicklung der Gartenkultur im 19. Jahrhundert"
481:
expedition on the
African mainland remained a Zanzibar protectorate: the arrival later that year of a
1323:
1318:
482:
352:
60:
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408:
regarded the chiefs in question as independent.) The contracts (or treaties) would be ratified by
152:. He was a leading member of the team which in 1885 set the groundwork for creating the colony of
702:
580:, but managed to pass each other without exchanging a word. Jühlke's expedition continued back to
340:
209:
201:
131:
971:
833:
Deutsche Männer in Afrika: Lexicon der hervorragendsten deuttschen Afrika-Forscher, Missionare etc
1276:
1187:
1051:"'Now or Never': The First Partition of East Africa, 1884-7 .... The German Protectorate, 1884-5"
879:
625:
593:
525:
468:, as far as the extensive - and largely "unexplored" territories on the African mainland across
217:
216:
that the boy received most of his schooling. In 1874 he was switched again, to the prestigious
153:
89:
78:
56:
600:, most of which they were able to complete by boat. They may not have "won the race" to reach
440:
effectively brought the enterprise under German government protection. Jühlke now remained in
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48:
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705:. The British called it "Port Durnford". In 1924 it was ceded to the Italians as part of
333:
Germany had become a "modern (Anglo-French style)" unified and increasingly centralised state
276:, qualifying him to work as a court official in Werder and later, as a government lawyer, in
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in order to accept a (more itinerant) government job. His father was the distinguished
1108:
A History of Africa: African societies and the establishment of colonial rule, 1800-1915
321:
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1015:
824:
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513:
317:
635:, Jühlke spent the rest of 1885 attending to the interests of the company from and in
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Jühlke's life took an abrupt change of direction in 1884 with the founding of the
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529:
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324:. In the end he probably contributed more to the creation of what became the
1060:. The London School of Economics and Political Science. pp. 72–115, 86–89
1011:
985:
802:
392:
304:. The driving force behind the society's creation was his old school friend
982:
Historische
Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (HiKo)
799:
Historische
Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (HiKo)
320:. Jühlke was an enthusiastic early recruit to the project, as the society's
228:, opening the way to university-level education. A school contemporary at
836:
915:. Stralsunder Akademie für Garten- und Landschaftskultur. 4 September 2015
906:"Margarethe und Betty Jühlke, Fotografie, um 1875, Archiv Hergart Kemmler"
789:
672:
Following protracted negotiations with the Ali ibn Ismail, the Sultan of
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339:. Large parts of Africa were still, from the European perspective,
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that he received his doctorate in law. Early in 1881 he passed his
229:
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169:
93:
693:, since the company men had named their company trading post after
472:
were concerned, Jühlke exercised considerable powers on behalf of
532:
was not operating under the same constraints. He and his fellow
391:
to the African continent itself and set off inland, following the
359:, sailing with third class tickets under their assumed names from
913:
Festsymposium zum 200. Geburtstag von Ferdinand Jühlke (1815-1893
657:
between Makdischu and Warschekh, and then as far to the south as
364:
1080:"Commercial Treaty: Germany and Zanzibar - December 20, 1885"
737:
Chief Representative for the Somali Coast was formalised.
733:). The killing came shortly after his appointment as
436:. The grant, during or shortly before March 1885, of a
218:"Königliche Klosterschule" (as it was known at that time)
383:
in East Africa). On 4 November 1884 the men met up at
680:, on 26 November 1886 the Germans were able to see the
596:, concluding with a rapid passage downstream along the
371:, and here they boarded the "Bagdad", a vessel of the
1223:"Article XI of Anglo-German agreement, July 1, 1890"
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
316:, and used the available opportunities to study the
729:, Karl Ludwig Jühlke was "treacherously murdered" (
556:The sudden urgency arose when it became known that
127:
115:
85:
67:
41:
18:
164:, who remains unnamed in sources, provoked strong
1261:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 279–280.
1165:. ACLS Humanities E-Book Collection (ACLS HEB).
1162:Rivalry with Barghash: Treaty Politics, 1885–86
1086:. SOAS, University of London. p. 48, 47-57
861:Jühlke, Karl Ludwig, Jurist, Kolonialpolitiker
665:was formally ceded to the British, along with
639:. In March 1886 he made the journey back to
375:which was part owned by the Scots businessman
464:. Responsible, at least notionally, to the
343:, however. On 24 September 1884 Jühlke and
224:, and it was here that in 1877 he passed his
8:
780:
778:
776:
774:
536:directors, appreciated that the twelve week
428:of territory were acquired on behalf of the
328:and the extensive colonisation that ensued.
308:, who had just returned from a long stay in
1229:. SOAS, University of London. p. 82-83
772:
770:
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616:sovereignty over the entire region between
351:, and the Austrian adventurer-businessman,
240:Student years and qualification as a lawyer
145:(6 September 1856 - 1 December 1886) was a
934:Dipl.-Ing. Angela Pfennig (2 March 2010).
560:, thoroughly fed up with the behaviour of
26:
15:
1138:. Little, Brown Book Group. p. 351.
653:number of "independent" chiefs along the
572:, under the leadership of an Englishman,
1111:. East African Publishers. p. 125.
300:"Gesellschaft für deutsche Colonisation"
136:Maria Johanna Caroline Bladt (1817-1899)
750:
631:After that, apart from a brief trip to
545:. During most of 1885 he remained in
520:which had been on display since before
347:met up with another old school friend,
312:where he had lived with his rich uncle
1295:
1284:
1274:
1195:
1185:
887:
877:
568:, was launching his own expedition to
432:, covering Useguha, Ukami, Unguru and
373:British India Steam Navigation Company
1132:Thomas Pakenham (24 September 2015).
456:was rebranded, and registered in the
7:
1334:German people in German East Africa
298:"Society for German Colonization" (
1258:Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty of 1890
972:"Peters, Carl (Pseudonym C. Fels)"
864:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 405.
14:
676:, which involved both Jühlke and
318:principles of British colonialism
1344:Explorers from the German Empire
286:"Garde-Jäger" infantry battalion
604:, but by the time they crossed
454:Society for German Colonization
430:Society for German Colonization
416:during the early part of 1885.
381:commercial interests of his own
292:Society for German Colonization
189:Karl Ludwig Jühlke was born at
858:Rudolf Vierhaus (3 May 2011).
794:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
699:"willkürlich und nicht genehm"
1:
1349:19th-century German explorers
586:literally, "blood friendship"
947:HafenCity University Hamburg
943:Gartenbau als Kulturaufgabe
506:European imperial expansion
379:(who already had extensive
1365:
1329:German explorers of Africa
1255:(compiler-editor) (1991).
1159:Jonathon Glassman (1995).
462:German East Africa Company
448:representative. Back in
337:had already been colonised
326:German East Africa Company
195:Royal Agricultural Academy
185:Provenance and early years
466:German consul in Zanzibar
25:
977:Neue Deutsche Biographie
232:who became a friend was
226:"Abitur" (school finals)
160:at the end of 1886 by a
106:University of Heidelberg
90:Königliche Klosterschule
1135:The Scramble For Africa
1008:"Pommern im Kaufrausch"
731:"heimtückisch ermordet"
502:Chancellor von Bismarck
1339:People from Greifswald
1227:Zanzibar Treaties 1910
1084:Zanzibar Treaties 1910
829:"Juehlke, Karl Ludwig"
727:the Sultan of Zanzibar
695:German's ruling family
608:to their base back in
558:the Sultan of Zanzibar
438:"Letter of Protection"
406:the Sultan of Zanzibar
174:the Sultan of Zanzibar
123:Colonial administrator
98:University of Tübingen
709:participating in the
574:General Lloyd Mathews
483:German naval squadron
102:University of Leipzig
835:. Bernhard Nöhring,
663:1890 Zanzibar Treaty
518:Russian expansionism
452:, in April 1885 the
369:British protectorate
110:University of Berlin
1105:Assa Okoth (2006).
1047:Jonas Fossli Gjersø
703:British East Africa
691:Chancellor Bismarck
191:Eldena (Greifswald)
156:. His killing in
49:Eldena (Greifswald)
1287:has generic name (
1253:James Stuart Olson
1249:William G. Ratliff
988:. pp. 239–240
805:. pp. 715–717
687:Sultan of Zanzibar
626:German East Africa
566:the German company
458:companies register
154:German East Africa
143:Karl Ludwig Jühlke
79:German East Africa
20:Karl Ludwig Jühlke
1268:978-0-313-26257-9
1145:978-0-349-14193-0
1118:978-9966-25-357-6
1018:. 5 December 2016
871:978-3-11-094653-6
602:Mount Kilimanjaro
578:Mount Kilimanjaro
543:Mount Kilimanjaro
377:William Mackinnon
349:Joachim von Pfeil
274:"Referendar" exam
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839:. pp. 52–63
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132:Ferdinand Jühlke
45:6 September 1856
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1049:(1 May 2015).
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792:
786:Kurt Hassert
730:
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682:company flag
671:
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592:and through
585:
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423:
331:By the time
330:
299:
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243:
188:
142:
141:
33:
1324:1886 deaths
1319:1856 births
1296:|work=
1196:|work=
968:Karin Bruns
888:|work=
650:Jubba River
622:Kilimanjaro
606:the channel
570:Kilimanjaro
530:Carl Peters
526:East Africa
474:the company
470:the channel
410:the emperor
389:the channel
357:East Africa
353:August Otto
345:Carl Peters
306:Carl Peters
234:Carl Peters
134:(1815-1893)
1313:Categories
1251:(author);
1233:11 October
1178:10 October
1090:10 October
1064:10 October
1012:Nordkurier
746:References
478:the Sultan
393:Wami River
314:Carl Engel
270:Heidelberg
262:Heidelberg
166:government
1298:ignored (
1277:cite book
1198:ignored (
1188:cite book
1022:9 October
992:9 October
952:9 October
919:9 October
890:ignored (
880:cite book
843:9 October
809:9 October
678:von Pfeil
446:society's
420:Coloniser
341:available
322:secretary
168:anger in
128:Parent(s)
53:Pomerania
970:(2001).
827:(1894).
803:München
788:(1905).
667:Wituland
637:Zanzibar
633:Ussagara
610:Zanzibar
594:Usambara
538:Ussagara
512:and the
496:Zanzibar
442:Zanzibar
434:Ussagara
401:Ussagara
395:towards
385:Zanzibar
254:Tübingen
150:explorer
34:ca. 1880
986:München
721:Killing
685:of the
674:Kismayo
645:Hamburg
641:Germany
618:Pangani
551:Pangani
534:company
514:British
508:to the
492:Germany
460:as the
444:as the
414:Germany
399:in the
397:Saadani
361:Trieste
284:with a
278:Potsdam
258:Leipzig
246:Germany
214:Potsdam
158:Kismayo
75:Kismayo
61:Germany
57:Prussia
1265:
1169:
1142:
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868:
837:Lübeck
562:Peters
510:French
485:under
450:Berlin
310:London
266:Berlin
230:Ilfeld
222:Ilfeld
206:Erfurt
170:Berlin
162:Somali
147:German
119:Lawyer
94:Ilfeld
1054:(PDF)
939:(PDF)
909:(PDF)
741:Notes
669:.
582:Moshi
1300:help
1289:help
1263:ISBN
1235:2020
1200:help
1180:2020
1167:ISBN
1140:ISBN
1113:ISBN
1092:2020
1066:2020
1024:2020
994:2020
954:2020
921:2020
892:help
866:ISBN
845:2020
811:2020
659:Witu
620:and
564:and
522:1855
494:and
365:Aden
264:and
180:Life
108:and
68:Died
42:Born
363:to
252:at
244:In
220:at
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