220:. Learning of this strong familial connection, Karl himself later asserted that it must have been his very nature that brought him to study the natural sciences. Sadly, this dream of a career in science was not to be. By 1894, when Karl was only 19, his father and grandfather had both died, and the family's banking interests were being run by a single, aging uncle, who only agreed to continue in his role if Karl also joined the firm to assist him. As a result, Karl formally joined the family firm on 15 March 1893, before his 20th birthday.
28:
434:. In his own words, Karl Pfeiffer's single greatest regret in life is that he had not acquired the formal scientific background and training necessary for someone to truly pursue a career in scientific inquiry, which he no doubt would have done, had the circumstances of his early life been different. In 1927, Pfeiffer was given an honorary
283:, after which he traveled and worked in various banks in America, London and Paris. By 1899, he was fully-accredited co-owner of Bankhaus L. Pfeiffer. He embrced his role in civil society, undertaking board memberships at various organizations and wading into the world of art. Beginning in 1907, Karl was the founding
352:
seized power in 1933, Pfeiffer was removed from the chairmanship. The government took advantage of a vacation trip to
Madeira to promote Nazi functionary Rudolf Braun to the chairmanship in Pfeiffer's absence. After Karl's protests against this were unsuccessful, he bowed to the facts and resigned.
176:
to the banker August Ludwig
Heinrich Pfeiffer (November 3, 1845 – 1892) and his wife Regine Amalie Wilhelmine Georgine Louise (née Hellwig; March 25, 1849 – 1932). He was the couple's eldest child and only son. He was not a particularly studious child, but he did express an interest in the natural
377:
Despite his early interest and initial forays into publishing on scientific subjects, the unfortunate tragedies that led to Karl's swift jump into banking meant that his scientific interests had to take a back seat to his primary career of banking. Ironically, his rise in control of the family's
262:
as a volunteer banking teller, where he himself admitted he spent more time studying mollusks than on his banking studies, largely due to the influence of his friends
Boettger and Kobelt. This short interlude was to end in another tragedy, when was struck by a serious illness in January of 1895,
304:
After the death of his uncle Louis
Pfeiffer (not the malacologist) in 1912, Karl became the director and sole proprietor of Bankhaus L. Pfeiffer. In this position, he guided the bank through some turbulent times in Germany's history. Under Karl's leadership, the bank managed to survive the
331:
in 1913, and following the death of Otto Vogt in 1921, he was elected chairman of the
Chamber - a post that his grandfather and uncle had held before him. He served in this position for twelve years. During his tenure, the chamber district grew rapidly through a series of
193:
to the many days he spent alone there, collecting shells along the deserted sea coast. He brought his shell collection back with him to Kassel, where his father noticed this new interest. At this point, August introduced Karl to
369:) person."> After World War II, he was reappointed as chamber president by the occupying power in April 1945. Due to his age, however, he resigned again as early as July 1945 and Gustav Römer became his successor.
446:, which presented him with an Iron Senckenberg Medal. By the end of his career, Karl Pfeiffer had identified and named dozens of species and genera of mollusks, and over thirty of those names stand today.
378:
banking concern gave him more control over his free time, and he chose to use that time revive his true passion: malacology. By 1924, Karl had purchased the shell collections of
353:
During the period of
National Socialism, Pfeiffer kept away from all public offices. In 1935, to add insult to injury, Pfeiffer was removed from his position at the head of the
973:
Von der fĂĽrstlich-hessischen
Commercien-Cammer zur Industrie- und Handelskammer Kassel, 1710–1960: Wirtschaftspolitik und gewerbliche Mitbeteiligung im nordhessischen Raum
1155:
320:, the small bank simply lacked the capital to survive as an independent entity. It was one of the last holdouts in Kassel, but by 1930, the firm had been acquired by
275:, and this, paired with his recent and lingering illness, quashed what little energy he had to pursue his scientific interests. Karl eventually completed an
348:, were added to the Kassel Chamber of Commerce's purview. From 1924, the organization's name had been changed to Chamber of Industry and Commerce. When the
1065:
Verdcourt, Bernard (1953). "Notes on the snails of North-East
Tanganyika Territory. Five new species and varieties of Gulella from the Usabaras".
263:
forcing him to cut his time in
Frankfurt short and return to Kassel for treatment and recovery. By the end of that year, Karl was sent to study
313:
443:
103:
442:
for his contribution to the arts and sciences. In the same year, he was further recognized and honored for his contribution by the
1141:
1408:
1332:
1148:
422:, meant that Karl had more time than he knew what to do with, so in 1937 he embarked on a months-long collection trip to
1393:
1316:
1252:
1118:
Zilch, Adolf (1972). "Zur
Geschichte der deutschen Malakozoologie, IX. Zur Konchylien-Sammlung von K.L. Pfeiffer".
379:
1198:
1186:
139:
1260:
1027:
1336:
1016:
1413:
1283:
672:
664:
1418:
383:
1293:
418:. This renewed interest in the natural sciences, paired with his loss of position due to the rise of the
1174:
580:
472:
439:
337:
280:
1344:
1276:
1272:
426:, out of which the majority of his taxonomic work would come, and in 1939 a second collection trip to
1403:
1398:
1374:
1194:
268:
182:
93:
1309:
1240:
1190:
612:
328:
264:
217:
1354:
1218:
59:
1366:
259:
1320:
1268:
1264:
317:
298:
1348:
1228:
1078:
Verdcourt, Bernard (1995). "Karl Ludwig Pfeiffer - 1874-1952 - Collectors in East Africa".
1370:
1232:
1214:
310:
992:. Vol. XXXIII. Marburg: R. Friedrich's Universitäts Buchdruckerei. 1927. p. 8.
932:. Vol. XXXIII. Marburg: R. Friedrich's Universitäts Buchdruckerei. 1927. p. 8.
1210:
656:
629:
415:
276:
254:
252:
during this time that Karl decided to write and publish his first scientific paper, on
241:
237:
213:
209:
195:
1387:
1256:
341:
321:
229:
158:
1340:
1289:
647:
55:
1224:
386:, his friend Oskar Boettger's nephew. He also continued to travel extensively, to
212:, and finally explained to Karl the extensive work done in the field by his uncle
185:
recovering from a respiratory illness, and he credited his burgeoning interest in
27:
1092:
1236:
431:
423:
333:
306:
294:
233:
1102:
419:
411:
297:
movement was first introduced to that city. His fellow board members included
190:
186:
161:
129:
124:
244:, whose friendship and influence would allow him some time to spend studying
588:
457:
435:
345:
178:
177:
world from an early age. When he was thirteen, Karl spent several months at
638:
620:
597:
324:, of whose Cassel bureau Karl Pfeiffer would be president of until 1934.
284:
245:
565:
502:
493:
407:
403:
399:
205:
82:
1018:
Die Familie Pfeiffer: Eine Sammlung von Lebensbildern und Stammbäumen
173:
51:
982:
Die Industrie- und Handelskammer Kassel und ihre Vorläufer 1763–1963
1133:
1043:
Pfeiffer, Karl Ludwig (1952). "Neue Landschnecken aus Ostafrika".
395:
391:
387:
349:
272:
78:
427:
360:
249:
1137:
984:. Kassel: Industrie- und Handelskammer Kassel. pp. 99–101.
1032:
Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft
1097:. Vol. 20. Munich: F. Bruckmann, A.G. pp. 338–341.
997:"Ein blick zurĂĽck: Familienunternehmen dur Generationen".
824:"Ein blick zurĂĽck: Familienunternehmen dur Generationen".
1105:(1952). "Karl Ludwig Pfeiffer (*5.9.1874, †14.6.1952)".
852:
850:
1008:
150 Jahre Kunstverein-Kasseler Kunstverein-eine Chronik
837:
835:
990:
Chronik der Königlich Preussischen Universität Marburg
930:
Chronik der Königlich Preussischen Universität Marburg
747:
745:
743:
718:
716:
714:
1094:
Die Kunst: Monatshefte fĂĽr Freie und Angewandte Kunst
236:, and it was there that he made the acquaintance of
228:
After joining the family firm, Karl was sent to the
1361:
1327:
1300:
1247:
1205:
1181:
1169:
1091:Warlich, Hermann (1909). "Kasseler KunstfrĂĽhling".
1058:
Casseler Kunstausstellung 1922: Ă–ffnung zur Moderne
138:
117:
99:
89:
66:
37:
18:
680:Trochonanina (Montanobloyetia) simulans meruensis
1060:. Kassel: kassel university press. p. 147.
975:. Kassel: Industrie- und Handelskammer Kassel.
787:
1149:
8:
364:
354:
288:
199:
1010:. Kassel: Kasseler Kunstverein. p. 92.
293:) of Kassel, and under his leadership, the
1156:
1142:
1134:
1006:Marx, Manfred; Georgsdorf, Heiner (1985).
157:(September 5, 1874 – June 14, 1952) was a
26:
15:
954:
892:
811:
775:
734:
904:
880:
763:
705:
535:Gulella (Paucidentina) percivali kilimae
523:Gulella (Molarella) gwendolinae porrecta
799:
698:
301:, Otto Ehrenberg, and Franz Thorbecke.
868:
856:
248:. Indeed, it was during a trip to the
999:Hessische/Niedersächsische Allgemeine
942:
916:
841:
826:Hessische/Niedersächsische Allgemeine
751:
722:
258:. In 1894, he was to spend a year in
7:
1021:. Kassel: Druck von Friedr. Scheel.
481:Chilostoma cingulatum boccavallense
444:Senckenberg Nature Research Society
201:Deutsche Excursions-Mollusken-Fauna
164:, banker, and patron of the arts.
14:
553:Gulella (Paucidentina) usambarica
547:Gulella (Paucidentina) unidentata
438:by the Philosophy faculty of the
327:Karl was appointed to the Kassel
172:Karl Ludwig Pfeiffer was born in
1015:Pfeiffer, August Ludwig (1886).
608:(von Mts.) K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
363:government as an "undesirable (
1026:Pfeiffer, Karl Ludwig (1894).
529:Gulella (Paucidentina) micrans
450:Mollusks described by Pfeiffer
316:, but with the coming of the
1:
1333:Albert Wigand (meteorologist)
1080:The Conchologists' Newsletter
980:Brandt, Harm-Hinrich (1963).
971:Brandt, Harm-Hinrich (1960).
574:Homorus usagaricus monticulus
541:Gulella (Gulella) translucida
224:Banking career and later life
140:Author abbrev. (zoology)
1199:Christian Hartmann Pfeiffer
466:Bloyetia simulans meruensis
1435:
1317:Friedrich Julius Rosenbach
1261:Georg Daniel Carl Pfeiffer
1056:Schröder, Joachim (2022).
788:Marx & Georgsdorf 1985
216:and his great-grandfather
1187:Burkhard Wilhelm Pfeiffer
1001:. Kassel. 7 January 1966.
828:. Kassel. 7 January 1966.
148:
110:
25:
1028:"Kleine Reiseergebnisse"
632:(Kempioconcha) monticula
287:of the Art Association (
232:in Berlin to train as a
1284:Fredrick Arthur Willius
1120:Mitt. Dtsch. Malak. Ges
665:Tayloria angustistriata
505:(Gulella) conicodentata
382:, Robert Jetschin, and
380:Theodor Johannes KrĂĽper
1337:Albert Wigand (artist)
673:Trachycystis lamellosa
591:spiriplana kanaanensis
517:Gulella gouldi globosa
384:Caesar Rudolf Boettger
365:
359:and classified by the
355:
289:
200:
104:Iron Senckenberg Medal
1175:Johann Jakob Pfeiffer
648:Edentulina (Marconia)
581:Hypolysia connollyana
473:Chilostoma cingulatum
440:University of Marburg
338:Free State of Waldeck
281:Disconto-Gesellschaft
32:Karl Pfeiffer in 1935
1409:German malacologists
1375:Martin Schwarzschild
1306:Karl Ludwig Pfeiffer
1195:Franz Georg Pfeiffer
682:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
676:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
668:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
660:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1894.
652:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
643:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
634:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
625:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
616:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
602:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
593:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1949.
584:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
576:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
570:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
561:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
555:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
549:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
543:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
537:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
531:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
525:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
519:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
513:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
507:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
498:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
489:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
483:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1951.
477:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1951.
468:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1952.
462:K.L. Pfeiffer, 1955.
460:brevicollis kosensis
373:Return to malacology
334:geopolitical mergers
183:East Frisian Islands
155:Karl Ludwig Pfeiffer
94:University of Berlin
20:Karl Ludwig Pfeiffer
1191:Carl Jonas Pfeiffer
623:usagarica monticula
613:Subulina usambarica
487:Euonyma connollyana
329:Chamber of Commerce
309:and the subsequent
265:Classical economics
218:Carl Jonas Pfeiffer
1394:People from Kassel
1355:Karl Schwarzschild
1219:Friedrich Pfeiffer
1067:Proc. Malacol. Soc
60:Kingdom of Prussia
1381:
1380:
1367:Christoph Blocher
1349:Albrecht Eckhardt
1253:Friedrich Siebert
1229:Ludwig von Deines
1107:Arch. Molluskenkd
1045:Arch. Molluskenkd
606:Maizania volkensi
152:
151:
112:Scientific career
1426:
1345:Wilhelm Eckhardt
1277:Wilhelm Eckhardt
1273:Theodor Pfeiffer
1269:Georg Ledderhose
1265:Adolf von Deines
1241:Friedrich Wöhler
1158:
1151:
1144:
1135:
1127:
1114:
1098:
1087:
1074:
1061:
1052:
1039:
1022:
1011:
1002:
993:
985:
976:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
933:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
845:
839:
830:
829:
821:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
738:
732:
726:
720:
709:
703:
368:
358:
318:Great Depression
299:Johannes Boehlau
292:
203:
73:
48:5 September 1874
47:
45:
30:
16:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1371:Agathe Thornton
1357:
1323:
1296:
1243:
1233:Karl Ledderhose
1215:Ludwig Pfeiffer
1201:
1177:
1165:
1164:Pfeiffer family
1162:
1131:
1117:
1101:
1090:
1086:(133): 490–494.
1077:
1064:
1055:
1042:
1025:
1014:
1005:
996:
988:
979:
970:
967:
962:
961:
953:
949:
941:
937:
928:
927:
923:
915:
911:
903:
899:
891:
887:
879:
875:
867:
863:
855:
848:
840:
833:
823:
822:
818:
810:
806:
798:
794:
786:
782:
774:
770:
762:
758:
750:
741:
733:
729:
721:
712:
704:
700:
695:
690:
685:
559:Gulella ludwigi
511:Gulella globosa
452:
375:
340:, and in 1932,
336:. In 1924, the
307:First World War
226:
204:, the works of
170:
144:K. L. Pfeiffer.
134:
90:Alma mater
85:
75:
71:
62:
49:
43:
41:
33:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1414:German bankers
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1365:
1363:
1362:7th Generation
1359:
1358:
1331:
1329:
1328:6th Generation
1325:
1324:
1304:
1302:
1301:5th Generation
1298:
1297:
1251:
1249:
1248:4th Generation
1245:
1244:
1211:Louis Pfeiffer
1209:
1207:
1206:3rd Generation
1203:
1202:
1185:
1183:
1182:2nd Generation
1179:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1170:1st Generation
1167:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1126:(22): 324–326.
1115:
1099:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1053:
1040:
1023:
1012:
1003:
994:
986:
977:
966:
963:
960:
959:
955:Verdcourt 1953
947:
945:, p. 178.
935:
921:
919:, p. 326.
909:
907:, p. 100.
897:
895:, p. 494.
893:Verdcourt 1995
885:
883:, p. 147.
873:
861:
859:, p. 100.
846:
844:, p. 177.
831:
816:
814:, p. 493.
812:Verdcourt 1995
804:
802:, p. 339.
792:
780:
778:, p. 491.
776:Verdcourt 1995
768:
756:
754:, p. 176.
739:
737:, p. 490.
735:Verdcourt 1995
727:
725:, p. 175.
710:
708:, p. 130.
697:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
683:
677:
669:
661:
657:Tandonia nigra
653:
644:
635:
630:Pseudoglessula
626:
617:
609:
603:
594:
585:
577:
571:
562:
556:
550:
544:
538:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
499:
490:
484:
478:
469:
463:
453:
451:
448:
416:Canary Islands
374:
371:
314:Hyperinflation
277:apprenticeship
255:Tandonia nigra
242:Wilhelm Kobelt
238:Oskar Boettger
225:
222:
214:Louis Pfeiffer
169:
166:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
136:
135:
133:
132:
127:
121:
119:
115:
114:
108:
107:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
76:
74:(aged 77)
68:
64:
63:
50:
39:
35:
34:
31:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1431:
1420:
1419:Conchologists
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:Eckhart Franz
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:GĂĽnther Franz
1318:
1315:
1311:
1310:Karl Eckhardt
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:Carl Bargheer
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:Albert Wigand
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
974:
969:
968:
964:
957:, p. 39.
956:
951:
948:
944:
939:
936:
931:
925:
922:
918:
913:
910:
906:
905:Pfeiffer 1952
901:
898:
894:
889:
886:
882:
881:Schröder 2022
877:
874:
871:, p. 71.
870:
865:
862:
858:
853:
851:
847:
843:
838:
836:
832:
827:
820:
817:
813:
808:
805:
801:
796:
793:
790:, p. 92.
789:
784:
781:
777:
772:
769:
766:, p. 68.
765:
764:Pfeiffer 1894
760:
757:
753:
748:
746:
744:
740:
736:
731:
728:
724:
719:
717:
715:
711:
707:
706:Pfeiffer 1886
702:
699:
692:
687:
681:
678:
675:
674:
670:
667:
666:
662:
659:
658:
654:
651:
649:
645:
642:
640:
636:
633:
631:
627:
624:
622:
618:
615:
614:
610:
607:
604:
601:
599:
595:
592:
590:
586:
583:
582:
578:
575:
572:
569:
567:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
504:
500:
497:
495:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
474:
470:
467:
464:
461:
459:
455:
454:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
372:
370:
367:
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322:Deutsche Bank
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1294:Georg Merkel
1286:
1279:
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1130:
1123:
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1106:
1103:Zilch, Adolf
1093:
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800:Warlich 1909
795:
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376:
366:unerwĂĽnschte
326:
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253:
227:
171:
162:malacologist
154:
153:
111:
72:(1952-06-14)
70:14 June 1952
56:Hesse-Nassau
1404:1952 deaths
1399:1874 births
1237:Louis Spohr
869:Brandt 1960
857:Brandt 1963
600:pyramidalis
568:usambaricus
432:East Indies
424:East Africa
356:Kunstverein
295:Avant-garde
290:Kunstverein
234:bank teller
1388:Categories
1113:: 175–178.
943:Zilch 1952
917:Zilch 1972
842:Zilch 1952
752:Zilch 1952
723:Zilch 1952
688:References
650:cylindrica
496:cylindrica
420:Nazi Party
412:Dodecanese
342:MĂĽhlhausen
191:conchology
187:malacology
168:Early life
130:Conchology
125:Malacology
44:1874-09-05
1225:Otto Bähr
1051:: 89–102.
693:Citations
589:Levantina
458:Albinaria
436:Doctorate
346:Thuringia
279:with the
260:Frankfurt
179:Norderney
1352:In-laws:
1314:In-laws:
1287:In-laws:
1222:In-laws:
1073:: 36–39.
1038:: 68–71.
639:Pupisoma
621:Subulina
598:Maizania
430:and the
410:and the
285:chairman
246:mollusks
77:Kassel,
965:Sources
641:renschi
566:Homorus
503:Gulella
494:Gonaxis
475:alzonai
408:Balkans
404:Tunisia
400:Algeria
206:Haeckel
196:Clessin
181:in the
83:Germany
1280:Cousin
406:, the
311:Weimar
269:Berlin
210:Darwin
174:Kassel
159:German
118:Fields
106:(1927)
100:Awards
52:Kassel
396:Egypt
392:Spain
388:Italy
350:Nazis
273:Paris
79:Hesse
428:Java
414:and
361:Nazi
271:and
250:Alps
240:and
208:and
189:and
67:Died
38:Born
267:in
198:'s
1390::
1373:,
1369:,
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1312:.
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1282::
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1122:.
1111:81
1109:.
1084:23
1082:.
1071:30
1069:.
1049:81
1047:.
1036:26
1034:.
1030:.
849:^
834:^
742:^
713:^
402:,
398:,
394:,
390:,
344:,
81:,
58:,
54:,
1157:e
1150:t
1143:v
1124:2
46:)
42:(
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