1513:
438:
however, was determined to discredit the growing
Holocaust denial movement and continued his search for "Silvernagel". In late spring 1963, after ruling out numerous Austrians with similar names, Wiesenthal was loaned a wartime Gestapo telephone book by Dutch investigators. During a two-hour flight from Amsterdam to Vienna, Wiesenthal found the name "Silberbauer" listed as attached to "Sektion IV B 4".
33:
298:
and Karl
Silberbauer were interviewed after the war about the circumstances of the raid, with both describing Silberbauer's surprise that those in hiding had been there for more than two years. Frank recalled Silberbauer confiscating their valuables and money, taking these spoils away in Otto Frank's
445:
Josef
Wiesinger, who investigated Nazi crimes for the Austrian Ministry of the Interior. Upon being told that Silberbauer might still be a policeman, Wiesinger insisted that there were "at least six men on the Vienna police force" with the same surname and demanded a written request. On 2 June 1963,
490:
Silberbauer's memories of the arrest were notably vivid – he in particular recalled Otto and Anne Frank. When he asked Otto how long they had been in hiding, Otto replied, "Two years and one month." Silberbauer was understandably incredulous, until Otto stood Anne against the marks
437:
Wiesenthal considered contacting Anne's father, Otto Frank but learned that he was speaking out in favor of forgiveness and reconciliation. Otto also believed that the person responsible for the denunciation of the
Gestapo, not the arresting officers, bore the greatest responsibility. Wiesenthal,
507:
Although the
Austrian government stated that the arrest of Anne Frank "did not warrant Silberbauer's arrest or prosecution as a war criminal", the Vienna Police convened a disciplinary hearing. Among the witnesses was Otto Frank, who testified that Silberbauer had "only done his duty and behaved
491:
made on the wall to measure her height since they had arrived in the Annex, showing that she had grown even since the last mark had been made. Silberbauer said that Anne "looked like the pictures in the books, but a little older, and prettier. 'You have a lovely daughter', I said to Mr. Frank".
494:
Although he disclosed what he knew, Silberbauer was unable to provide any information that could help further the Dutch police's investigation into the Dutch collaborator who provided the tip. He explained that the call was taken by his commanding officer, SS Lieutenant
482:, Silberbauer stated: "I bought the little book last week to see if I am in it. But I am not." Upon being told by a reporter that he "could have been the first to read it", Silberbauer chuckled and said, "Maybe I should have picked it up off the floor."
474:
praised "the detective work of the
Austrian comrades", an infuriated Wiesenthal leaked Silberbauer's address to the Dutch media. When reporters descended upon Silberbauer's Vienna home, the policeman freely admitted that he had arrested Anne Frank.
499:, who said only that the information came from "a reliable source". As Dettmann had committed suicide in prison (Huis van Bewaring, Havenstraat 6, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) on the 25 July 1945, the second investigation also hit a dead end.
458:
Silberbauer almost immediately. When he had admitted his role in arresting Anne Frank, the department had been terrified of the bad press that would result from disclosing his past. Therefore, the Vienna police suspended
Silberbauer from the
463:
without pay, ordering him to "keep his mouth shut" about the reasons for his suspension. Instead, Silberbauer lamented his suspension and disclosed the reasons for it to a colleague. His fellow officer, a member of the
720:
511:
As a result, the police review board exonerated
Silberbauer of any official guilt. His unpaid suspension was lifted and the Vienna police assigned him to a desk job in the "Identification Office" (
383:, who learned of his postwar activities while researching BND employment of former Nazis, Silberbauer infiltrated neo-Nazi and pro-Soviet organizations in West Germany and Austria. His BND
244:. He was then assigned to Amsterdam and attached to "Sektion IV B4", a unit recruited from Austrian and German police departments and which handled arrests of hidden Jews throughout the
294:
of the Secret Annex protectors, Gies was allowed to stay on the premises. She later surmised this was because she recognized and connected with
Silberbauer's Viennese accent. Both
1557:
434:, who recalled their commander as having a working-class Vienna accent. The Dutch policemen claimed to remember nothing except an erroneous form of their superior's surname.
1587:
1552:
423:
to prove that Anne Frank existed. One teenaged
Holocaust denier stated that, if Anne Frank's arresting officer were found and admitted to it, he would change his mind.
1572:
583:
534:
Amsterdam City Archives, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam (Amsterdam Police), inventory number 2046: report by precinct station Linnaeusstraat, 27 June 1944, mut. 23.00.
1597:
543:
Amsterdam City Archives, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam (Amsterdam Police), inventory number 2036: report by precinct station Singel, 13–14 April 1944, mut. 16.30.
635:
1602:
819:
703:
426:
During the 1948 Dutch police investigation into the raid on the Secret Annex, Silberbauer's name had been disclosed as "Silvernagel". The Dutch police
1562:
1081:
346:, where they died from typhus. Victor Kugler and Jo Kleiman were sent to work camps. Of the ten, only Otto Frank, Kugler, and Kleiman survived.
267:
1582:
1468:
1039:
1607:
1492:
989:
446:
Wiesenthal submitted a detailed request but was told for months that the Vienna police were not yet ready to release their findings.
1457:
1008:
952:
749:
1392:
343:
518:
Silberbauer died in Vienna in 1972. He is interred in Mauer Friedensstrasse cemetery, where his wife Barbara is also interred.
32:
334:, were arrested and taken to Gestapo headquarters in Amsterdam. From there, the eight who had been in hiding were sent to the
190:(master sergeant). In 1963, Silberbauer, by then an inspector in the Vienna police, was exposed as the commander of the 1944
1440:
1424:
1413:
1311:
1297:
1397:
339:
1592:
1256:
1070:
245:
1577:
465:
359:
299:
briefcase, which he had emptied onto the floor, scattering out the papers and notebooks which made up the diary of
1199:
1063:
479:
397:
1001:
The Last Secret of the Secret Annex: The Untold Story of Anne Frank, Her Silent Protector, and a Family Betrayal
742:
The Last Secret of the Secret Annex: The Untold Story of Anne Frank, Her Silent Protector, and a Family Betrayal
1474:
1032:
508:
correctly" during the arrest; however, Otto added: "The only thing I ask is not to have to see the man again."
387:
believed, correctly, that Silberbauer's past membership in the SS would blind neo-Nazis to his true loyalties.
468:, immediately leaked the story to the party's official newspaper, who published it on 11 November 1963. After
1567:
1429:
366:
335:
172:
1235:
380:
1376:
1542:
1537:
1547:
1516:
1220:
1025:
384:
223:
186:
123:
1462:
1215:
922:
258:
1434:
661:
1307:
1293:
1225:
1126:
1004:
985:
948:
777:
745:
685:
236:
636:"'One day they simply weren't there.' How researchers reconstructed Anne Frank's last months"
1497:
1381:
1240:
1189:
1153:
1148:
765:
420:
416:
370:
323:
319:
307:
283:
271:
207:
195:
870:
226:
before following his father into the police force in 1935. Four years later, he joined the
1387:
1262:
1230:
553:
496:
392:
355:
263:
71:
1480:
286:
were also questioned, and while Kugler and Kleiman were arrested and the young secretary
609:
1486:
1349:
1158:
327:
568:
354:
Silberbauer returned to Vienna in April 1945. He served 14 months in prison for using
1531:
1366:
1335:
1184:
1143:
941:
770:
331:
275:
203:
163:
119:
1194:
1108:
315:
291:
287:
181:
1120:
1114:
1102:
413:
375:
363:
311:
231:
168:
1096:
1048:
723:
300:
295:
199:
146:
135:
1345:
1331:
1179:
431:
427:
279:
241:
177:
158:
419:
began searching for Silberbauer in 1958, upon being challenged by Austrian
1174:
470:
390:
Possibly due to BND pressure, Silberbauer was reinstated by the Viennese
16:
SS Nazi Officer, responsible for the arrest of Anne Frank and her family
584:"The day Anne Frank's diaries stopped: Timeline of final fateful hours"
227:
191:
90:
1371:
1321:
219:
67:
290:
managed to escape with documents that would have incriminated the
176:(federal intelligence service). He was stationed in Nazi-occupied
441:
Upon his arrival in Vienna, Wiesenthal immediately telephoned Dr.
1021:
820:"Nazi who arrested Anne Frank 'became a spy for West Germany'"
704:"Nazi who arrested Anne Frank 'became a spy for West Germany'"
256:
On 4 August 1944, Silberbauer was ordered by his superior, SS-
1017:
396:(Kripo) in 1954, four years after the German publication of
925:. Compiled by H. J. J. Hardy. (second ed.). Doubleday.
274:. He took a few Dutch policemen with him and interrogated
157:(21 June 1911 – 2 September 1972) was an
740:
van Wijk-Voskuijl, Joop & Jeroen De Bruyn (2023).
362:. After his release, Silberbauer was recruited by the
919:
The Diary of Anne Frank: The Revised Critical Edition
342:. Soon after, Margot and Anne Frank were sent to the
202:, her fellow fugitives, and two of their protectors,
744:. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 105–106.
1450:
1406:
1359:
1282:
1249:
1208:
1167:
1136:
1089:
1080:
1055:
999:Joop van Wijk-Voskuijl and Jeroen De Bruyn (2023).
142:
130:
115:
107:
97:
78:
49:
23:
940:
769:
430:who had assisted with the raid were identified by
964:Roses from the Earth: the Biography of Anne Frank
167:(SS) member, and undercover investigator for the
917:David Barnouw; Gerrold van der Stroom (eds.).
772:The Murderers Among Us: The Wiesenthal Memoirs
1418:Ludwig-Richter-Schule (Margot's first school)
1033:
982:Anne Frank: The Book, the Life, the Afterlife
8:
1558:Austrian police officers convicted of crimes
1421:Varrentrapp-Schule (Margot's second school)
485:
270:were being hidden in the upstairs rooms at
1086:
1040:
1026:
1018:
31:
20:
1588:Holocaust perpetrators in the Netherlands
486:Silberbauer's recollections of the arrest
454:In reality, the Vienna police identified
1553:20th-century Austrian military personnel
869:Schoutissen, Richard (26 January 2022).
373:, or undercover operative. According to
278:about the entrance to the hiding place.
1573:Federal Intelligence Service informants
567:Richard Schoutissen (26 January 2022).
527:
184:, where he was promoted to the rank of
939:Miep Gies; Alison Leslie Gold (1988).
660:Georgia Commission on the Holocaust.
7:
1598:Police officers convicted of assault
1469:Anne Frank Center for Mutual Respect
975:. Foreword by Miep Gies. Bloomsbury.
666:Georgia Commission on the Holocaust
556:. annefrank.org. 28 September 2018.
1603:Prisoners and detainees of Austria
776:. New York, McGraw-Hill. pp.
252:The raid on the Frank Secret Annex
14:
1458:Cultural depictions of Anne Frank
234:, and in 1943 transferred to the
1563:Austrian prisoners and detainees
1512:
1511:
818:Paterson, Tony (11 April 2011).
702:Paterson, Tony (11 April 2011).
571:. Stichting Oorlogsslachtoffers.
369:(BND), and spent ten years as a
344:Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
266:, to investigate a tip-off that
634:Markel, Howard (12 June 2020).
608:History.com (9 November 2009).
408:Wiesenthal Center investigation
808:Wechsberg (1967), pp. 181-183.
799:Wechsberg (1967), pp. 180-181.
790:Wechsberg (1963), pp. 178-180.
400:, and promoted to the rank of
138:while her family was in hiding
1:
1425:Anne Frank Educational Centre
932:The Hidden Life of Otto Frank
875:Stichting Oorlogsslachtoffers
662:"On this day: June-July 1945"
196:Anne Frank House Secret Annex
38:
1583:SS non-commissioned officers
582:Daily Mail (6 August 2019).
367:Federal Intelligence Service
340:Auschwitz concentration camp
310:, together with Otto Frank,
222:, Silberbauer served in the
1257:Janny Brandes-Brilleslijper
1071:Tales from the Secret Annex
903:Wechsberg (1967), page 183.
894:Wechsberg (1967), page 183.
554:"Tracking Down Silberbauer"
134:Apprehending and arresting
1624:
844:Wechsberg (1967), pp. 182.
690:Anne Frank – the Biography
466:Communist Party of Austria
360:Communist Party of Austria
1608:Nazis convicted of crimes
1507:
1200:Johannes Hendrik Voskuijl
1064:The Diary of a Young Girl
973:Anne Frank: the Biography
730:accessed on 22 April 2011
126:; Austrian Police Officer
30:
1475:Anne Frank Shoah Library
1435:Anne Frank Neighbourhood
1003:. Simon & Schuster.
1430:Jewish Museum Frankfurt
1324:-Frankenberger Viertel)
980:Francine Prose (2009).
971:Melissa Muller (1999).
478:Upon being asked about
412:Holocaust survivor and
358:against members of the
336:Westerbork transit camp
306:Soon after, Kugler and
173:Bundesnachrichtendienst
1306:: Ganghoferstraße 24 (
1236:Jacqueline van Maarsen
962:Carol Ann Lee (1999).
947:. Simon and Schuster.
930:Carol Ann Lee (2002).
588:The New Zealand Herald
155:Karl Josef Silberbauer
101:Mauer, Friedensstrasse
54:Karl Josef Silberbauer
1377:Anne Frank Foundation
1344:: Prinsengracht 263 (
943:Anne Frank Remembered
350:Undercover operations
312:Edith Frank-Holländer
1398:Statue of Anne Frank
856:Roses from the Earth
381:Peter-Ferdinand Koch
246:occupied Netherlands
1439:Anne-Frank-Schule (
1330:: Merwedeplein 37 (
1271:(arresting officer)
1259:(reporter of death)
1221:Nanette Blitz Konig
858:. pp. 245–246.
721:11 April 2011 dated
198:and the arrests of
1593:People from Vienna
1493:Anne Frank Schools
1463:Anne Frank Zentrum
1292:: Marbachweg 307 (
1265:(security service)
923:Arnold J. Pomerans
480:Anne Frank's diary
398:Anne Frank's diary
1578:Gestapo personnel
1525:
1524:
1393:Anne Frank School
1320:: Pastorplatz 1 (
1308:Frankfurt am Main
1294:Frankfurt am Main
1278:
1277:
1226:Barbara Ledermann
1127:Jean-Michel Frank
984:. HarperCollins.
871:"Julius Dettmann"
766:Wechsberg, Joseph
569:"Julius Dettmann"
503:Hearing and death
421:Holocaust deniers
272:263 Prinsengracht
237:Sicherheitsdienst
224:Austrian military
152:
151:
1615:
1515:
1514:
1498:Anne Frank Prize
1481:Anne Frank Fonds
1382:Anne Frank House
1269:Karl Silberbauer
1241:Laureen Nussbaum
1190:Johannes Kleiman
1154:Hermann van Pels
1149:Auguste van Pels
1087:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1019:
1014:
995:
976:
967:
958:
946:
935:
926:
921:. Translated by
904:
901:
895:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
866:
860:
859:
851:
845:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
815:
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797:
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788:
782:
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775:
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737:
731:
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657:
651:
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596:
594:
579:
573:
572:
564:
558:
557:
550:
544:
541:
535:
532:
444:
417:Simon Wiesenthal
338:and then to the
324:Auguste van Pels
320:Hermann van Pels
308:Johannes Kleiman
284:Johannes Kleiman
208:Johannes Kleiman
187:Hauptscharführer
161:police officer,
124:Hauptscharführer
85:
82:2 September 1972
63:
61:
43:
40:
35:
25:Karl Silberbauer
21:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1503:
1471:(New York City)
1446:
1402:
1388:Anne Frank tree
1355:
1274:
1263:Julius Dettmann
1245:
1231:Sanne Ledermann
1204:
1163:
1132:
1076:
1051:
1046:
1011:
998:
992:
979:
970:
961:
955:
938:
929:
916:
913:
908:
907:
902:
898:
893:
889:
879:
877:
868:
867:
863:
854:Carol Ann Lee.
853:
852:
848:
843:
839:
829:
827:
824:The Independent
817:
816:
812:
807:
803:
798:
794:
789:
785:
764:
763:
759:
752:
739:
738:
734:
727:
719:
715:
708:The Independent
701:
700:
696:
684:
680:
670:
668:
659:
658:
654:
644:
642:
633:
632:
628:
618:
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607:
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581:
580:
576:
566:
565:
561:
552:
551:
547:
542:
538:
533:
529:
524:
505:
497:Julius Dettmann
488:
452:
442:
410:
393:Kriminalpolizei
356:excessive force
352:
264:Julius Dettmann
259:Obersturmführer
254:
230:, moved to the
216:
143:Political party
103:Vienna, Austria
102:
93:
87:
83:
74:
72:Austria-Hungary
65:
59:
57:
56:
55:
45:
41:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1621:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1568:Austrian Nazis
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1490:
1487:5535 Annefrank
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1452:
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1447:
1445:
1444:
1437:
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1350:Grachtengordel
1339:
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1286:
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1275:
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1244:
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1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1216:Hanneli Goslar
1212:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1159:Peter van Pels
1156:
1151:
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1140:
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1118:
1112:
1106:
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1059:
1057:
1053:
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1047:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1009:
996:
991:978-0061430794
990:
977:
968:
959:
953:
936:
927:
912:
909:
906:
905:
896:
887:
861:
846:
837:
810:
801:
792:
783:
757:
750:
732:
713:
694:
686:Melissa Müller
678:
652:
626:
600:
574:
559:
545:
536:
526:
525:
523:
520:
504:
501:
487:
484:
451:
448:
409:
406:
351:
348:
328:Peter van Pels
318:, Anne Frank,
253:
250:
215:
212:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
132:
131:Known for
128:
127:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
88:
86:(aged 61)
80:
76:
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66:
53:
51:
47:
46:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1620:
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1368:
1367:Rivierenbuurt
1365:
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1362:
1358:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:Rivierenbuurt
1333:
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1185:Victor Kugler
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1170:
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1160:
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1155:
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1144:Fritz Pfeffer
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1128:
1125:
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1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1020:
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1115:Eva Schloss
1103:Edith Frank
614:History.com
414:Nazi hunter
376:Der Spiegel
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232:Netherlands
169:West German
108:Nationality
42: 1939
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1532:Categories
1489:(asteroid)
1283:Residences
1097:Otto Frank
1049:Anne Frank
966:. Penguin.
934:. Penguin.
522:References
428:detectives
301:Anne Frank
296:Otto Frank
214:Early life
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147:Nazi Party
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1137:In hiding
830:19 August
710:. London.
692:, p. 276.
456:Inspektor
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379:reporter
280:Miep Gies
242:The Hague
178:Amsterdam
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1384:(museum)
1175:Jan Gies
1129:(cousin)
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1111:(sister)
1105:(mother)
1099:(father)
826:. Berlin
768:(1967).
726:article
471:Izvestia
450:Exposure
385:handlers
240:(SD) in
218:Born in
159:Austrian
111:Austrian
89:Vienna,
1483:(Basel)
1209:Friends
1168:Helpers
911:Sources
778:172–176
724:El País
228:Gestapo
192:Gestapo
180:during
91:Austria
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220:Vienna
68:Vienna
1451:World
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44:–1943
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882:2023
832:2012
746:ISBN
673:2023
647:2023
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