251:
1503:
1572:, "PRC orthography" or "Chinese orthography", was developed for the Wa people in China. However, its publications, mainly propagated through the Yunnan administration, are yet to reach a wider public beyond academics. This transcription, which originally included even a couple of letters of the
696:
Xiyun 細允 (Va ). Sun (2018a) documents the Va variety of Yingla 英臘 (zoŋráʔ) Village, Wenggake 翁嘎科 Township, Ximeng 西盟 County, Pu'er 普洱 City, Yunnan
Province. Va of Yingla is monosyllabic has 3 tones, which are high, mid and low. Sun (2018a) notes that the Va varieties of Yingla and neighboring
355:
Christian Wa are more likely to support the use of
Standard Wa, since their Bible is based on a standard version of Wa, which is in turn based on the variant spoken in Bang Wai, 150 miles north of
1522:
missionary work among the Wa began at the beginning of the 20th century first in the
Burmese and later in the Chinese areas of the Wa territory. It was led by William Marcus Young, from
892:
Standard Wa is a non-tonal language. However, tone has developed in some of the dialects. There is correspondence between tones in tonal dialects and tenseness in non-tonal dialects.
848:
Wa have also migrated to
Thailand in the past several decades, mainly from Burma. There are about 10,000 Wa speakers in Thailand. Wa villages can be found in (Watkins 2002:6):
895:
In Wa, there are 44 phonemes; 35 consonants and 9 vowels. All of these vowels can be tense or lax. Tenseness is a phonemic feature in syllables with unaspirated initials.
2593:
2398:
4209:
2417:
Schiller, Eric (1985). An (Initially) Surprising Wa language and Mon-Khmer Word Order. University of
Chicago Working Papers in Linguistics (UCWIPL) 1.104–119.
5200:
261:
7497:
2176:[Comprehensive Investigation Report on Ethnic Identification in Yunnan] (Report) (in Chinese). Kunming: Yunnan minzu shibie zonghe diaochazu.
2972:
2533:
2529:
A Dictionary of the Wa
Language with Burmese (Myanmar), Chinese, and English Glosses and Internet Database for Minority Languages of Burma (Myanmar)
7095:
5244:
2086:
1550:
in
Chinese, and is now used mainly in the Burmese Wa areas and among the Wa in Thailand through the materials published by the Wa Welfare Society
7502:
2586:
2506:
683:
Masan 馬散 (Lavïa; Ravia; Avë; Avo; etc.). Sun (2018b) documents the Lavïa variety of Banzhe 班哲 (pa-cʰək) Village, Mengka 勐卡 (məŋkʰa) Town in
5262:
2251:
836:腾冲县, Yunnan (You 2013:359). The Kela used to speak a variety of Wa, but now speak only Chinese. The Kela also refer to themselves as the
4266:
1401:
4202:
1576:, has also since been revised. Despite the revisions, both the Chinese and the Bible orthography are still marred by inconsistencies.
2953:
2261:
2965:
7477:
5193:
2579:
5292:
1659:
1651:
1643:
1635:
1627:
1619:
965:
2545:
1526:. The first transcription of the Wa language was devised by Young and Sara Yaw Shu Chin (Joshua) in 1931 with the purpose of
993:
972:
3272:
117:
7487:
4195:
2680:
7492:
7482:
6325:
5385:
4408:
4294:
4121:
3841:
3802:
2960:
2837:
2407:
1347:
1340:
979:
227:
5240:
5186:
4332:
1380:
1002:
937:
1408:
1180:
1173:
1016:
944:
3474:
2566:
767:(巴饶克): in Lancang, Gengma, Shuangjiang, Lancang counties; exonyms: Small Kawa 小卡瓦, Kawa 卡瓦, Cooked Ka 熟卡, Lajia 腊家
6234:
5389:
3975:
3661:
1604:
1187:
5020:
825:
was mentioned in Yunnan (1960) The Bujiao were classified as ethnic Bulang and had a population of 212 in 1960.
6715:
6254:
6219:
5320:
4128:
3206:
951:
3461:
1579:
Recently, a revised Bible orthography adopting some features from the
Chinese orthography has been adopted as
7416:
7110:
6368:
6279:
6161:
6156:
5065:
4871:
4660:
2602:
1194:
276:
112:
7139:
6956:
6638:
5463:
5458:
5429:
5417:
4914:
4578:
4504:
4135:
4048:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1247:
1119:
1030:
1026:
805:
799:
791:
785:
779:
771:
763:
759:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
652:
571:
498:
4987:
2979:
7428:
7404:
7127:
7090:
5588:
5167:
4977:
4772:
4174:
4142:
4053:
1460:
1388:
1094:
1087:
871:
7302:
2097:
30:"Son language" redirects here. For the concept of languages descending from their ancestral forms, see
7075:
6936:
6755:
6735:
6720:
6456:
6421:
6229:
4818:
4653:
4648:
4481:
4431:
4218:
4149:
3772:
1592:
1101:
5683:
7388:
7368:
7132:
7059:
6760:
6745:
6730:
6710:
6705:
6116:
5345:
5267:
5119:
4838:
4643:
4638:
4345:
4285:
3989:
3343:
2948:
2943:
2812:
1329:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
881:
877:
856:
122:
7333:
2984:
701:
belong to the same dialect as varieties spoken farther away in
Donghui 东回 and Nuofu 糯福 Townships,
7507:
7105:
7039:
6988:
6941:
6885:
6615:
6558:
6284:
5440:
5209:
5042:
4730:
4633:
4588:
3883:
3446:
2610:
2472:. 20th Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, 10-11 June 2010, University of Zurich.
2442:
1527:
1511:
1108:
1054:
516:
513:: Yanshi 岩师, Tuanjie 团结, Mengsheng 勐省, Nuoliang 糯良, Danjia 单甲, Mengjiao 勐角, Menglai 勐来, Yonghe 永和
489:
The three dialects of Wa (and their respective subdialects) according to Zhou et al. (2004) are:
467:
374:
Certain dialects of Wa preserve a final -/s/. They include the variants spoken in Meung Yang and
162:
6740:
5350:
4065:
3232:
3080:
2802:
2388:
Bradley, David (1994). "East and
Southeast Asia". In Moseley, Christopher; Asher, R. E. (eds.).
1033:. The general syllabic structure of Wa is C(C)(V)V(V)(C). Only a few words have zero-initials.
7312:
6972:
6846:
6791:
6683:
6591:
6586:
6543:
6465:
6196:
6176:
6101:
6078:
5851:
5733:
5703:
5545:
5536:
5488:
5478:
5325:
5257:
5142:
5010:
4848:
4740:
4456:
4388:
4087:
4080:
4058:
3984:
3948:
3923:
3810:
3479:
3380:
3308:
3119:
2914:
2640:
2502:
2365:
2257:
1254:
1069:
1059:
291:. There are three distinct varieties, sometimes considered separate languages; their names in
31:
1603:
lyrics of Wa songs, use this Myanmar (revised Bible) orthography in its main variations. The
7383:
7378:
7348:
7307:
7287:
7176:
7171:
7115:
7085:
7034:
6931:
6923:
6796:
6776:
6725:
6692:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6601:
6596:
6578:
6426:
6416:
6320:
6269:
6264:
6239:
6166:
5859:
5836:
5831:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5713:
5653:
5578:
5521:
5516:
5501:
5272:
5223:
5137:
5129:
5114:
5109:
5099:
5091:
5070:
5000:
4995:
4972:
4962:
4957:
4899:
4889:
4782:
4715:
4615:
4583:
4537:
4461:
4446:
4370:
4232:
4021:
4015:
3994:
3933:
3869:
3860:
3846:
3820:
3815:
3792:
3744:
3656:
3640:
3630:
3620:
3535:
3398:
3358:
3313:
3283:
3164:
3124:
3094:
3043:
2928:
2852:
2771:
2766:
2726:
2706:
2492:
2482:
2434:
2357:
1049:
852:
833:
2560:
586:: Mowo 莫窝, Xinchang 新厂, Zhongke 中课, Mengsuo 勐梭, Yuesong 岳宋, Wenggake 翁戛科, parts of Lisuo 力所
7363:
7353:
7343:
7292:
7282:
7156:
7029:
7024:
7019:
6908:
6898:
6893:
6861:
6851:
6836:
6826:
6816:
6786:
6750:
6700:
6663:
6628:
6568:
6548:
6528:
6493:
6478:
6473:
6396:
6335:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6249:
6141:
6111:
6060:
6035:
6020:
5994:
5989:
5969:
5954:
5899:
5841:
5826:
5821:
5806:
5801:
5746:
5678:
5658:
5593:
5568:
5496:
5473:
5375:
5340:
5335:
5310:
5282:
5277:
5147:
5060:
4833:
4802:
4787:
4777:
4720:
4573:
4552:
4527:
4517:
4512:
4436:
4393:
4317:
4253:
4237:
4070:
3964:
3959:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3787:
3754:
3610:
3605:
3553:
3484:
3451:
3248:
3150:
3129:
3033:
2893:
2797:
2731:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2635:
2630:
1573:
1447:
1076:
1064:
959:
866:
670:
664:
637:
611:
542:
510:
448:
442:
428:
David Bradley (1994) estimates that there are 322,000 Wa speakers in China. In China, the
418:
368:
341:
304:
104:
4441:
3007:
2716:
2675:
2345:
2479:
The Phonetics of Wa: Experimental Phonetics, Phonology, Orthography and Sociolinguistics
2459:
The Aesthetics of Grammar: Sound and Meaning in the Languages of Mainland Southeast Asia
7373:
7317:
7297:
7100:
7065:
7054:
7049:
7044:
6951:
6903:
6841:
6811:
6806:
6668:
6658:
6623:
6533:
6498:
6483:
6431:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6330:
6274:
6244:
6224:
6214:
6209:
6186:
6106:
6091:
6086:
6055:
6030:
6015:
6010:
5979:
5974:
5964:
5959:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5889:
5864:
5811:
5723:
5708:
5673:
5643:
5638:
5618:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5526:
5511:
5453:
5448:
5355:
5315:
5300:
5104:
5055:
5028:
4947:
4894:
4884:
4879:
4792:
4755:
4725:
4610:
4557:
4532:
4451:
4426:
4421:
4398:
4378:
4355:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4168:
4110:
4097:
4092:
4043:
3999:
3954:
3942:
3893:
3888:
3878:
3749:
3728:
3723:
3707:
3702:
3692:
3595:
3572:
3530:
3505:
3500:
3431:
3423:
3363:
3298:
3254:
3211:
3201:
3059:
2994:
2909:
2817:
2807:
2787:
2711:
2685:
2650:
2645:
2457:
Watkins, Justin (2013). "Grammatical Aesthetics in Wa". In Williams, Jeffrey P. (ed.).
2295:
1157:
987:
702:
631:
528:
472:
150:
127:
2313:
1510:
The Wa language formerly had no script and some of the few Wa that were literate used
352:. According to Diffloth, variants include South Wa, "Bible Wa" and Kawa (Chinese Wa).
219:
7471:
7358:
7232:
7208:
7151:
6980:
6913:
6871:
6856:
6781:
6633:
6538:
6411:
6406:
6259:
6171:
6151:
6146:
6136:
6126:
6121:
6096:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6025:
5984:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5894:
5884:
5879:
5869:
5816:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5718:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5668:
5648:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5583:
5573:
5558:
5553:
5506:
5468:
5370:
5360:
5005:
4967:
4952:
4942:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4843:
4828:
4823:
4764:
4707:
4670:
4547:
4542:
4522:
4416:
4383:
4360:
4350:
4340:
3697:
3635:
3625:
3600:
3525:
3436:
3408:
3303:
3227:
3176:
3145:
3109:
3064:
3017:
3002:
2888:
2792:
2761:
2741:
2701:
2446:
2422:
2170:
1539:
1515:
1482:
1435:
1428:
1367:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
822:
698:
684:
658:
617:
597:
583:
556:
522:
462:
436:
390:
David Bradley (1994) estimates that there is a total of about 500,000 Wa speakers in
379:
375:
345:
2277:
7338:
7203:
7166:
6866:
6831:
6821:
6801:
6673:
6553:
6518:
6508:
6503:
6488:
6376:
6300:
6204:
6181:
5874:
5741:
5663:
5613:
5563:
5365:
5305:
4797:
4745:
4735:
4697:
4495:
4322:
4075:
3836:
3469:
3403:
3329:
3114:
3038:
3012:
2872:
2867:
2721:
2625:
2557:
1565:
1531:
1519:
1201:
795:(日佤): in Ximeng and Menglian counties; exonyms: Big Kawa 大卡瓦, Raw Ka 生卡, Wild Ka 野卡
349:
157:
2092:[Xiyun, Donggang Village, Donghui Town, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County].
1591:
which have published a series of primers in order to improve the literacy of the
679:
Jackson Sun (2018a) lists the Awa dialects and their alternate names as follows.
7249:
7225:
7198:
7188:
7161:
7146:
7122:
6946:
6523:
6441:
6401:
6131:
5050:
4625:
4602:
3615:
3413:
3388:
2736:
2051:
931:
911:
456:
344:
refers to the Wa geographic region as the "Wa corridor", which lies between the
250:
242:
232:
166:
2523:
7277:
7215:
7193:
6563:
6436:
4937:
4862:
4276:
3918:
3393:
2035:
2030:
2021:
2016:
2007:
2002:
1555:
1010:
916:
452:
360:
2369:
754:
Yan and Zhou (2012:138) list the following names for Wa in various counties.
17:
7254:
7242:
7237:
7181:
6513:
5330:
5252:
4689:
1983:
429:
280:
212:
179:
85:
2346:"Para-nationalism: Sovereignty and authenticity in the Wa State of Myanmar"
2571:
2438:
832:克拉 (Dai exonym: Kala 卡拉; population: 393 people) live in District 3 三区 of
202:
195:
188:
7220:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1552:(Cub Yuh Bwan Ka son Vax, Cub Pa Yuh Phuk Lai Vax, Phuk Lai Hak Tiex Vax)
1523:
739:("Religious Wa" 信教佤). In Ximeng and Menglian counties, the Wa autonym is
661:: Dedang 德党, Menggong 孟汞, Minglang 明朗, Mengban 勐板, Yongkang 永康, Dashan 大山
525:: Sipaishan 四排山, Gengyi 耿宜, Hepai 贺派, Mengjian 勐简, Mengding 孟定, Furong 付荣
402:
398:
356:
331:
327:. David Bradley (1994) estimates there are total of 820,000 Wa speakers.
75:
7259:
4187:
2497:
2361:
1600:
862:
479:
284:
71:
2542:
RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
5178:
4678:
1562:
483:
422:
417:
The PRC writing system for Wa is based on the Wa variant in Aishuai,
406:
258:
2487:
2467:
2130:
2115:
2551:
2528:
687:, Yunnan Province. Lavïa of Banzhe is non-tonal and sesquisyllabic.
1502:
1501:
391:
364:
288:
63:
2453:
Watkins, Justin (2013). Dictionary of Wa (2 vols). Leiden: Brill.
2296:"A Bibliography of Materials in or About Wa Language and Culture"
2539:
1535:
382:
that was documented by Zhou & Yan (1984)) (Watkins 2002:8).
67:
6356:
5415:
5182:
4191:
2575:
2169:
Yunnan minzu shibie zonghe diaocha zubian 云南民族识别综合调查组编 (1960).
2064:
Zhou, Zhizhi 周植志; Yan, Qixiang 颜其香; Chen, Guoqing 陈国庆 (2004).
1595:
troops. Also, after 2000 Wa people in social networks such as
709:
The Dai exonym for the Wa of Yongde, Zhenkang and Nanla 南腊 is
2155:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chuban she.
2469:
Topicalisation, Focus-Clefts and Stranded Prepositions in Wa
2131:"New Contributions to Palaungic Phonological Studies: Lavïa"
1583:
or "official Wa spelling" by the central authorities of the
2087:"Láncāng Lāhùzú Zìzhìxiàn Dōnghuí Zhèn Dōnggǎng Cūn Xìyǔn"
2567:
WA (PARAOG / BA RĀOG) - BURMESE-CHINESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
330:
It is Recognized as a State Language by the government of
2546:
http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-7BBF-9@view
2461:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 99–117.
2153:
Mon-Khmer Languages of China and the Austroasiatic Family
2225:] (in Chinese). Kunming shi: Yunnan minzu chubanshe.
775:(佤): in Zhenkang and Yongde counties; exonyms: Benren 本人
1534:
and the very first publication was a compilation of Wa
1542:
being completed in 1938. This transcription, known as
2116:"New Contributions to Waic Phonological Studies: Va"
803:(卡瓦来): in Cangyuan and Gengma counties; also called
451:(over 25% of total; other ethnic groups include the
7397:
7326:
7270:
7074:
7012:
6965:
6922:
6884:
6769:
6691:
6682:
6614:
6577:
6464:
6455:
6367:
6293:
6195:
6077:
6003:
5850:
5732:
5544:
5535:
5487:
5439:
5428:
5404:
5384:
5291:
5239:
5232:
5216:
5160:
5128:
5090:
5083:
5041:
5019:
4986:
4913:
4870:
4861:
4811:
4763:
4754:
4706:
4688:
4669:
4624:
4601:
4566:
4503:
4494:
4474:
4407:
4369:
4331:
4293:
4284:
4275:
4262:
4246:
4225:
4109:
4036:
4008:
3973:
3932:
3868:
3859:
3829:
3801:
3780:
3771:
3737:
3716:
3685:
3678:
3649:
3588:
3581:
3561:
3552:
3518:
3493:
3460:
3422:
3379:
3372:
3351:
3342:
3322:
3291:
3282:
3271:
3241:
3220:
3194:
3185:
3163:
3138:
3102:
3093:
3073:
3052:
3026:
2993:
2936:
2927:
2902:
2881:
2860:
2851:
2830:
2780:
2750:
2694:
2618:
2609:
2406:(Master's thesis). Payap University. Archived from
378:(such as a variety spoken in Zhongke 中课, Masan 马散,
238:
226:
210:
177:
172:
147:
101:
91:
81:
59:
39:
27:Austroasiatic language spoken in Myanmar and China
359:(Watkins 2002). Bang Wai is located in Northern
2536:(Pronunciation and spelling of Wa; in Japanese)
2423:"A Themed Selection of Wa Proverbs and Sayings"
531:: Donghe 东河, Wendong 文东, Shangyun 上允, Xuelin 雪林
257:Wa is classified as Severely Endangered by the
2146:Zhōngguó Mèng-Gāomián yǔzú yǔyán yǔ Nányǎ yǔxì
745:, while in Cangyuan and Gengma counties it is
5194:
4203:
2587:
2198:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
2075:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
478:A small number of Wa speakers also reside in
397:A small number of Wa speakers also reside in
311:(100,000 speakers), though all may be called
8:
2278:"The Young Family's Work with the Wa People"
2164:
2162:
2052:Endangered Languages Project data for Phalok
1561:In 1956, a transcription adapted to the new
1506:Wa writing and cultural symbols on a T-shirt
4025:(unclassified; possibly a language isolate)
2561:includes Awa language open access materials
2238:
2144:Yan, Qixiang 颜其香; Zhou, Zhizhi 周植志 (2012).
2109:
2107:
6688:
6461:
6364:
6353:
5541:
5436:
5425:
5412:
5408:
5236:
5201:
5187:
5179:
5087:
4867:
4760:
4500:
4290:
4281:
4272:
4210:
4196:
4188:
3865:
3777:
3682:
3585:
3565:
3558:
3376:
3348:
3288:
3279:
3191:
3169:
3099:
2933:
2857:
2754:
2615:
2594:
2580:
2572:
2171:Yúnnán mínzú shìbié zònghé diàochá bàogào
1530:. This first Wa alphabet was based on the
614:: Fuyan 富岩, Gongxin 公信, Lalei 腊垒, Nanya 南雅
249:
36:
2496:
2486:
715:. In Sipsongpanna, the Dai call them the
545:: Banhong 班洪, Banlao 班老, most of Nanla 南腊
1609:
1040:
1027:/iu,ɯi,ui,ia,ɤi,ua,ei,ou,oi~ɔi,ai,aɯ,au/
902:
262:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
2524:Some links to Wa-related Internet sites
2209:
2207:
2205:
1995:
2234:
2232:
1446:
1387:
1328:
1075:
697:villages in Wenggake 翁戛科 Township of
7:
367:, close to the Chinese border where
2196:Classifying Ethnic Groups of Yunnan
519:: Shahe 沙河, Mengmeng 勐勐, Nanlang 南榔
4173:Languages between parentheses are
2949:Northern, Thanh Hóa, Huế, Southern
299:, the majority and standard form;
25:
7498:Languages written in Latin script
4054:Western Khmer (Chanthaburi Khmer)
2481:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
1481:
1459:
1434:
1427:
1407:
1400:
1379:
1366:
1346:
1339:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1015:
1001:
992:
978:
971:
964:
950:
943:
936:
874:, in southern Chiang Rai Province
1607:promotes the use of the script.
921:
482:and throughout various parts of
2548:Parauk in RWAAI Digital Archive
2214:Wang, Jingliu 王敬骝, ed. (1994).
1599:, as well as Wa songwriters in
569:: ~ 100,000 speakers; autonym:
496:: ~ 250,000 speakers; autonym:
4177:of the language on their left.
2390:Atlas of the World's Languages
650:: ~ 40,000 speakers; autonym:
1:
7503:Severely endangered languages
859:, close to the Burmese border
507:subdialect: 218,000 speakers
4049:Northern Khmer (Surin Khmer)
2314:"Writing of the Wa Language"
2096:(in Chinese). Archived from
608:subdialect: 30,000 speakers
580:subdialect: 60,000 speakers
539:subdialect: 35,000 speakers
2552:Consonant Ear Training Tape
2400:A Descriptive Grammar of Wa
2250:Parker, Steve, ed. (2012).
1546:, is known as lǎowǎwén 老佤文
640:: Shuangbo 双柏 in Mengman 勐满
628:subdialect: 5,000 speakers
594:subdialect: 3,000 speakers
553:subdialect: 3,000 speakers
7524:
2344:Steinmüller, Hans (2021).
2189:Yúnnán mínzú shìbié yánjiū
2187:You, Weiqiong 尤伟琼 (2013).
733:("Head-carrying Wa" 拿头佤),
29:
7439:
7412:Southern (Shanghai) Sign
6363:
6352:
5424:
5411:
4159:
3568:
3172:
2757:
2266:– via Google Books.
2133:– via Academia.edu.
2118:– via Academia.edu.
1245:
1161:
1156:
1046:
1025:There are 15 diphthongs:
1014:
922:
915:
908:
667:: Mangbing 忙丙, Muchang 木厂
337:Distribution and variants
307:Wa, 40,000 speakers) and
248:
44:
2477:Watkins, Justin (2002).
2466:Watkins, Justin (2010).
2427:Journal of Burma Studies
2421:Watkins, Justin (2013).
2330:Watkins, Justin (2013).
2253:The Sonority Controversy
2218:
2191:
2172:
2148:
2088:
2068:
1514:, while others used the
634:: Xiyun 细允 in Donghui 东回
620:: parts of Wengjiake 翁戛科
600:: Awalai 阿佤来 in Lisuo 力所
559:: Mengjian 勐简, Dazhai 大寨
432:live in (Watkins 2002):
97:900,000 (2000–2008)
7478:Austroasiatic languages
7409:Northern (Beijing) Sign
2603:Austroasiatic languages
2350:Nations and Nationalism
2041:(subscription required)
2027:(subscription required)
2013:(subscription required)
1581:Wa State Wa orthography
751:(Zhou, et al. 2004:2).
5418:Sino-Tibetan languages
2556:The XG1 collection in
2334:, 2 vols. Introduction
2073:A Study of Wa Dialects
1605:Wa Women's Association
1507:
277:Austroasiatic language
5168:Burmese sign language
4978:Southwestern Mandarin
4247:Semiofficial language
2439:10.1353/jbs.2013.0001
2318:Wa Dictionary Project
2256:. De Gruyter Mouton.
1611:Wa Bible Orthography
1528:translating the Bible
1505:
872:Wiang Pa Pao District
7488:Languages of Myanmar
4263:Indigenous languages
4219:Languages of Myanmar
2397:Ma Seng Mai (2012).
2392:. London: Routledge.
2223:Wa Language Research
1593:United Wa State Army
813:A language known as
7493:Languages of Yunnan
7483:Palaungic languages
7452:NM = Inner Mongolia
4122:Proto-Austroasiatic
3842:Southern Nicobarese
3292:Khasi-Pnar-Lyngngam
2129:Sun, Jackson T.-S.
2114:Sun, Jackson T.-S.
2066:Wǎyǔ fāngyán yánjiū
1612:
1043:
1042:Consonant phonemes
1029:and 2 triphthongs:
905:
882:Chiang Mai Province
878:Chiang Dao District
857:Chiang Rai Province
690:Awalai 阿佤來 (Avëloy)
673:: parts of Nanla 南腊
192: – Parauk
6989:Formosan languages
5210:Languages of China
5092:Immigrant language
4226:Official languages
2362:10.1111/nana.12709
2239:Ma Seng Mai (2012)
1610:
1570:new Wa orthography
1548:old Wa orthography
1512:Chinese characters
1508:
1041:
903:
693:Damangnuo 大芒糯 (Vo)
517:Shuangjiang County
468:Shuangjiang County
163:Chinese characters
7465:
7464:
7008:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6993:
6985:
6977:
6880:
6879:
6610:
6609:
6348:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6073:
6072:
6069:
6068:
5400:
5399:
5176:
5175:
5156:
5155:
5079:
5078:
5037:
5036:
4857:
4856:
4597:
4596:
4490:
4489:
4470:
4469:
4185:
4184:
4169:extinct languages
4032:
4031:
3855:
3854:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3514:
3513:
3338:
3337:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3159:
3158:
3089:
3088:
2923:
2922:
2847:
2846:
2826:
2825:
2508:978-0-85883-486-6
2039:(18th ed., 2015)
2025:(18th ed., 2015)
2011:(18th ed., 2015)
1975:
1974:
1544:Bible orthography
1495:
1494:
1476:
1454:
1422:
1395:
1363:
1336:
1294:
1257:
1250:
1211:
1169:
1164:
1122:
1083:
1023:
1022:
865:subdistrict near
270:
269:
32:Daughter language
16:(Redirected from
7515:
7421:
6991:
6983:
6975:
6689:
6462:
6365:
6354:
5542:
5437:
5426:
5413:
5409:
5237:
5224:Standard Chinese
5203:
5196:
5189:
5180:
5130:Working language
5088:
4868:
4761:
4501:
4291:
4282:
4273:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4189:
3866:
3778:
3683:
3586:
3566:
3559:
3377:
3349:
3289:
3280:
3251:(Northern Chong)
3192:
3170:
3100:
2969:
2957:
2934:
2858:
2755:
2616:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2573:
2540:RWAAI | Projects
2512:
2500:
2490:
2473:
2462:
2450:
2414:
2412:
2405:
2393:
2374:
2373:
2341:
2335:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2247:
2241:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2211:
2200:
2199:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2102:
2101:
2089:澜沧拉祜族自治县东回镇东岗村细允
2083:
2077:
2076:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2028:
2014:
2000:
1613:
1538:in 1933, the Wa
1518:and its script.
1485:
1474:
1463:
1452:
1438:
1431:
1420:
1411:
1404:
1393:
1383:
1370:
1361:
1350:
1343:
1334:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1167:
1162:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1081:
1044:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1005:
996:
982:
975:
968:
954:
947:
940:
906:
853:Mae Sai District
834:Tengchong County
807:
801:
793:
787:
781:
773:
765:
761:
749:
743:
737:
736:va¹¹sə⁵⁵să⁵⁵na⁵³
731:
725:
719:
713:
654:
573:
500:
264:
253:
222:
206: – Awa
205:
198:
191:
182:
153:
107:
37:
21:
7523:
7522:
7518:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7468:
7467:
7466:
7461:
7435:
7415:
7393:
7322:
7266:
7077:
7070:
6996:
6976:(Indo-European)
6961:
6918:
6876:
6765:
6678:
6606:
6573:
6451:
6359:
6358:Other languages
6340:
6289:
6220:Central Tibetan
6191:
6065:
5999:
5846:
5728:
5531:
5483:
5431:
5420:
5396:
5380:
5287:
5228:
5212:
5207:
5177:
5172:
5152:
5124:
5075:
5033:
5015:
4982:
4909:
4853:
4807:
4750:
4702:
4684:
4665:
4620:
4593:
4562:
4486:
4466:
4403:
4365:
4327:
4267:state or region
4264:
4258:
4242:
4221:
4216:
4186:
4181:
4180:
4155:
4129:Proto-Palaungic
4112:
4105:
4028:
4004:
3969:
3928:
3851:
3825:
3797:
3759:
3733:
3712:
3666:
3645:
3577:
3540:
3510:
3489:
3456:
3418:
3368:
3334:
3318:
3274:
3259:
3237:
3216:
3187:
3181:
3155:
3134:
3085:
3069:
3048:
3022:
2989:
2963:
2951:
2919:
2898:
2877:
2843:
2822:
2776:
2746:
2690:
2605:
2600:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2488:10.15144/PL-531
2476:
2465:
2456:
2420:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2387:
2383:
2381:Further reading
2378:
2377:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2329:
2325:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2220:
2213:
2212:
2203:
2193:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2150:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2029:
2026:
2015:
2012:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1980:
1574:Cyrillic script
1500:
1039:
904:Vowel phonemes
901:
890:
867:Chiang Rai City
846:
727:("Raw Va" 生佤),
671:Cangyuan County
665:Zhenkang County
638:Menglian County
612:Menglian County
567:2. Awa (Ava) 阿佤
543:Cangyuan County
511:Cangyuan County
499:pa̠rauk,pa̠ɣaɯk
449:Menglian County
443:Cangyuan County
419:Cangyuan County
415:
388:
369:Cangyuan County
342:Gerard Diffloth
339:
266:
265:
256:
218:
201:
200:
199: – Vo
194:
193:
187:
186:
178:
160:
154:
149:
143:
118:Khasi–Palaungic
108:
105:Language family
103:
94:
93:Native speakers
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7521:
7519:
7511:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7470:
7469:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7459:
7456:
7453:
7450:
7447:
7446:HK = Hong Kong
7444:
7440:
7437:
7436:
7434:
7433:
7426:
7425:
7424:
7423:
7422:
7417:Hong Kong Sign
7410:
7401:
7399:
7395:
7394:
7392:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7330:
7328:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7274:
7272:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7264:
7263:
7262:
7257:
7247:
7246:
7245:
7240:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7223:
7213:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7137:
7136:
7135:
7125:
7120:
7119:
7118:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7082:
7080:
7072:
7071:
7069:
7068:
7063:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6992:(Austronesian)
6986:
6984:(Austronesian)
6978:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6928:
6926:
6920:
6919:
6917:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6890:
6888:
6882:
6881:
6878:
6877:
6875:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6773:
6771:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6697:
6695:
6686:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6620:
6618:
6612:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6583:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6470:
6468:
6459:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6373:
6371:
6361:
6360:
6357:
6350:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6201:
6199:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6162:Southern Qiang
6159:
6157:Northern Qiang
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6083:
6081:
6075:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6007:
6005:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
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5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
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5539:
5533:
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5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
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5491:
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5476:
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5466:
5461:
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5443:
5434:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5398:
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5392:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5297:
5295:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5249:
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5234:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5183:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5161:Sign languages
5158:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5134:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5096:
5094:
5085:
5084:Non-Indigenous
5081:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5047:
5045:
5039:
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5035:
5034:
5032:
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5025:
5023:
5017:
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4305:
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4260:
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3333:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
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3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
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3286:
3277:
3269:
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3265:
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3261:
3260:
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3245:
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3112:
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2518:External links
2516:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2474:
2463:
2454:
2451:
2418:
2415:
2413:on 2018-05-17.
2394:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2356:(3): 880–894.
2336:
2323:
2305:
2287:
2269:
2262:
2242:
2228:
2201:
2179:
2158:
2149:中国孟高棉语族语言与南亚语系
2136:
2121:
2103:
2100:on 2017-12-22.
2078:
2056:
2044:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1988:
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1184:
1177:
1170:
1165:
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1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1115:
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1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1038:
1035:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1006:
999:
997:
990:
984:
983:
976:
969:
962:
956:
955:
948:
941:
934:
928:
927:
924:
920:
919:
914:
909:
900:
897:
889:
886:
885:
884:
875:
869:
860:
845:
842:
811:
810:
796:
776:
768:
707:
706:
703:Lancang County
694:
691:
688:
677:
676:
675:
674:
668:
662:
645:
644:
643:
642:
641:
635:
632:Lancang County
623:
622:
621:
615:
603:
602:
601:
589:
588:
587:
564:
563:
562:
561:
560:
548:
547:
546:
534:
533:
532:
529:Lancang County
526:
520:
514:
494:1. Baraoke 巴饶克
476:
475:
473:Lancang County
470:
465:
460:
446:
445:(71% of total)
440:
439:(83% of total)
414:
411:
387:
384:
338:
335:
279:spoken by the
268:
267:
255:
254:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
230:
224:
223:
216:
208:
207:
183:
175:
174:
173:Language codes
170:
169:
155:
151:Writing system
148:
145:
144:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
111:
109:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
61:
57:
56:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7520:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7457:
7455:XJ = Xinjiang
7454:
7451:
7448:
7445:
7442:
7441:
7438:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7420:
7418:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7407:
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7403:
7402:
7400:
7396:
7390:
7387:
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7382:
7380:
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7372:
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7360:
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7350:
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7342:
7340:
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7332:
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7329:
7325:
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7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
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7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
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7276:
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7269:
7261:
7258:
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7214:
7210:
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7138:
7134:
7131:
7130:
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7126:
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7113:
7112:
7109:
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7088:
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7083:
7081:
7079:
7073:
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7064:
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7051:
7048:
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7038:
7036:
7033:
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7028:
7026:
7023:
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7018:
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7015:
7011:
6990:
6987:
6982:
6979:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6964:
6958:
6957:Western Yugur
6955:
6953:
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6948:
6945:
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6933:
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6929:
6927:
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6727:
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6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
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6702:
6699:
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6696:
6694:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6639:Eastern Yugur
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6559:Small Flowery
6557:
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6547:
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6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
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6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6454:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6369:Austroasiatic
6366:
6362:
6355:
6351:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6194:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5403:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5204:
5199:
5197:
5192:
5190:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5082:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4872:Austroasiatic
4869:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4201:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4136:Proto-Khmeric
4133:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:Chaura-Teresa
3779:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3270:
3256:
3255:Western Chong
3253:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3202:Central Chong
3200:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2332:Wa Dictionary
2327:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2301:
2300:humancomp.org
2297:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2282:humancomp.org
2279:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2263:9783110261523
2259:
2255:
2254:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2094:ynszxc.gov.cn
2091:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:New Testament
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:Shan language
1513:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1036:
1034:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1000:
998:
995:
991:
989:
986:
985:
981:
977:
974:
970:
967:
963:
961:
958:
957:
953:
949:
946:
942:
939:
935:
933:
930:
929:
925:
918:
913:
910:
907:
898:
896:
893:
887:
883:
879:
876:
873:
870:
868:
864:
861:
858:
854:
851:
850:
849:
843:
841:
839:
835:
831:
826:
824:
823:Mengla County
820:
817:补角 (autonym:
816:
808:
802:
800:xa³¹va⁵³lɒi⁵³
797:
794:
788:
782:
777:
774:
769:
766:
757:
756:
755:
752:
750:
748:xa³¹va⁵³lɒi⁵³
744:
738:
732:
730:va¹¹ʔău⁵⁵ho⁵⁵
726:
720:
714:
704:
700:
699:Ximeng County
695:
692:
689:
686:
685:Ximeng County
682:
681:
680:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
659:Yongde County
657:
656:
655:
649:
646:
639:
636:
633:
630:
629:
627:
624:
619:
618:Ximeng County
616:
613:
610:
609:
607:
606:Damangnuo 大芒糯
604:
599:
598:Ximeng County
596:
595:
593:
590:
585:
584:Ximeng County
582:
581:
579:
576:
575:
574:
568:
565:
558:
557:Gengma County
555:
554:
552:
549:
544:
541:
540:
538:
535:
530:
527:
524:
523:Gengma County
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
508:
506:
503:
502:
501:
495:
492:
491:
490:
487:
485:
481:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
463:Gengma County
461:
458:
454:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
437:Ximeng County
435:
434:
433:
431:
426:
424:
420:
412:
410:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
385:
383:
381:
380:Ximeng County
377:
376:Ximeng County
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
350:Mekong Rivers
347:
343:
336:
334:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
263:
260:
252:
247:
244:
241:
237:
234:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
215:
214:
209:
204:
197:
190:
184:
181:
176:
171:
168:
164:
159:
156:
152:
146:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
125:
124:
121:
120:
119:
116:
115:
114:
113:Austroasiatic
110:
106:
100:
96:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
19:
18:Kawa language
7443:GX = Guangxi
7431:
7429:Tibetan Sign
7419:
7405:Chinese Sign
7271:Creole/Mixed
7140:Southeastern
7128:Southwestern
7091:Northeastern
7076:Varieties of
6446:
4915:Sino-Tibetan
4904:
4773:Khiamniungan
4505:Sino-Tibetan
4164:
4148:
4143:Proto-Aslian
4141:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4020:
3947:
3441:
3130:Phong-Kniang
2558:Kaipuleohone
2478:
2468:
2458:
2433:(1): 29–60.
2430:
2426:
2408:the original
2399:
2389:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2331:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2252:
2245:
2222:
2215:
2195:
2188:
2182:
2173:云南民族识别综合调查报告
2152:
2145:
2139:
2124:
2098:the original
2093:
2081:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2047:
2034:
2020:
2006:
1998:
1580:
1578:
1569:
1566:romanization
1560:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1532:Latin script
1509:
1248:prenasalized
1024:
894:
891:
847:
837:
829:
827:
818:
814:
812:
804:
798:
790:
784:
778:
770:
758:
753:
746:
740:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
708:
678:
651:
647:
625:
605:
591:
577:
570:
566:
550:
536:
504:
497:
493:
488:
477:
427:
416:
396:
389:
373:
371:is located.
354:
340:
329:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
300:
296:
292:
272:
271:
211:
158:Latin script
132:
53:
49:
45:
6937:Fuyu Kyrgyz
6736:Tai Hongjin
6422:Muak Sa-aak
5043:Tanintharyi
4819:Akyaung Ari
4661:S’gaw Karen
4482:Anu-Hkongso
4150:Proto-Munda
2964: [
2952: [
2498:1885/146152
2216:Wǎyǔ yánjiū
1568:, known as
1389:Approximant
275:(Va) is an
167:Shan script
7472:Categories
7458:XZ = Tibet
7449:MC = Macau
7389:Zhangzhung
7133:Sichuanese
7060:Vietnamese
6457:Hmong-Mien
6336:Waxianghua
6117:Khroskyabs
5405:Indigenous
5293:Prefecture
5268:Portuguese
5120:Vietnamese
5029:Hmong Njua
5021:Hmong–Mien
4938:Geko Karen
4839:Long Phuri
4681:(Taungtha)
4639:Geba Karen
4346:Hakha Chin
3990:Semaq Beri
3974:Semelaic (
3872:(Northern)
3773:Nicobarese
3717:Gutob-Remo
3686:Sora-Gorum
3582:Kherwarian
3053:Phong–Liha
2944:Vietnamese
2937:Viet-Muong
2813:Mel-Khaonh
2036:Ethnologue
2022:Ethnologue
2008:Ethnologue
1990:References
1755:oi, oe, we
1556:Chiang Mai
1037:Consonants
923:unrounded
592:Awalai 阿佤来
537:Banhong 班洪
361:Shan State
293:Ethnologue
185:Variously:
161:Formerly:
7508:Wa people
7369:Tocharian
7303:Qoqmončaq
7255:Cantonese
7209:Shaojiang
7182:Hainanese
7111:Zhongyuan
7106:Jiao-Liao
7040:Esperanto
6942:Ili Turki
6649:Khamnigan
6514:Kiong Nai
6285:Zitsadegu
5263:Mongolian
5253:Cantonese
4731:Mro-Khimi
4634:Bwe Karen
4589:Tai Laing
4286:Kuki-Chin
4175:varieties
4167:indicate
4113:languages
4059:Khmer Khe
3936:(Central)
3884:Cheq Wong
3475:Quảng Lâm
3462:Bit-Khang
3447:Meung Yum
3344:Palaungic
3275:Palaungic
3103:Phay-Pram
2973:in the US
2447:162762127
2370:1354-5078
1984:Wa people
1520:Christian
1475:aspirated
1421:aspirated
1362:aspirated
1330:Fricative
1293:aspirated
1210:aspirated
1163:voiceless
1120:aspirated
1031:/iau,uai/
960:Close-mid
888:Phonology
724:va¹¹dip⁵⁵
551:Dazhai 大寨
430:Wa people
281:Wa people
213:Glottolog
180:ISO 639-3
123:Palaungic
82:Ethnicity
7313:Tangwang
7293:Macanese
7288:Lingling
7221:Northern
7204:Northern
7167:Southern
7086:Mandarin
7013:Minority
6973:Sarikoli
6886:Tungusic
6847:Naxi Yao
6792:Cao Miao
6716:Ningming
6616:Mongolic
6592:Dzao Min
6587:Biao Min
6544:Qo Xiong
6539:Pingtang
6235:Dongwang
6177:Tshobdun
6102:Guiqiong
5704:Sangkong
5479:Muangphe
5441:Mondzish
5395:numerous
5386:Counties
5233:Regional
5217:Official
5143:Japanese
5011:Tai Nuea
4849:Tangkhul
4741:Rohingya
4457:Thaiphum
4409:Southern
4389:Senthang
4295:Northern
4081:Nyah Kur
3985:Mah Meri
3976:Southern
3830:Southern
3811:Nancowry
3650:Santalic
3589:Mundaric
3309:Lyngngam
3221:Southern
3120:Ksingmul
2961:in China
2611:Bahnaric
2534:ワ語の発音と表記
2192:云南民族识别研究
1978:See also
1597:Facebook
1589:Pangkham
1585:Wa State
1524:Nebraska
1055:Alveolar
988:Open-mid
926:rounded
844:Thailand
742:xa³¹va⁵³
626:Xiyun 细允
578:Masan 马散
505:Aishi 艾师
403:Mandalay
399:Taunggyi
357:Kengtung
332:Wa State
305:Zhenkang
220:waaa1245
76:Thailand
7384:Xianbei
7379:Tuyuhun
7349:Old Yue
7327:Extinct
7308:Sanqiao
7199:Central
7189:Eastern
7172:Hokkien
7116:Lan-Yin
7096:Beijing
7078:Chinese
7035:Russian
6797:Chadong
6777:Ai-Cham
6746:Tai Nüa
6731:Tai Dón
6726:Tai Dam
6684:Kra-Dai
6654:Monguor
6644:Kangjia
6602:Kim Mun
6597:Iu Mien
6519:Luobohe
6509:Huishui
6489:Guiyang
6466:Hmongic
6427:Palaung
6417:Man Met
6321:Longjia
6270:Ladakhi
6265:Kyirong
6255:Khalong
6240:Drugchu
6197:Tibetic
6167:Shixing
6079:Qiangic
5860:Alingpo
5852:Nisoish
5837:Yangliu
5832:Xuzhang
5762:Laizisi
5757:Kuamasi
5752:Kua-nsi
5734:Lisoish
5714:Tsukong
5654:Laomian
5579:Baihong
5546:Hanoish
5537:Loloish
5522:Lhao Vo
5517:Chashan
5502:Xiandao
5489:Burmish
5432:Burmese
5390:Banners
5346:Tai Nüa
5273:Tibetan
5258:English
5138:English
5115:Russian
5110:Punjabi
5100:Burmese
5071:Tavoyan
5001:Tai Lue
4988:Kra–Dai
4973:Taungyo
4963:Padaung
4900:Tai Loi
4890:Palaung
4783:Leinong
4756:Sagaing
4716:Rakhine
4708:Rakhine
4654:Western
4649:Eastern
4616:Karenni
4584:Palaung
4538:Lhao Vo
4462:Welaung
4447:Songlai
4333:Central
4254:English
4238:English
4233:Burmese
4165:Italics
4100:(Pakan)
4088:Pakanic
4022:Kenaboi
4016:Jah Hut
3995:Semelai
3919:Ten'edn
3847:Shompen
3821:Katchal
3816:Camorta
3803:Central
3793:Teressa
3657:Santali
3641:Agariya
3631:Majhwar
3621:Mundari
3536:Tai Loi
3399:Man Met
3381:Angkuic
3359:Palaung
3314:Maharam
3195:Central
3188:(Chong)
3186:Western
3044:Thavưng
2772:Tampuan
2767:Tariang
2751:Central
2727:Nyaheun
1846:eei, ui
1601:karaoke
1070:Glottal
1060:Palatal
863:Mae Yao
821:仆嘎) in
764:pa̠ɣaɯk
760:pa̠rauk
648:3. Wa 佤
480:Kunming
346:Salween
285:Myanmar
72:Myanmar
7364:Tangut
7354:Rouran
7344:Khitan
7334:Ba–Shu
7298:Maojia
7283:Hezhou
7194:Puxian
7177:Teoswa
7062:(Kinh)
7030:Kyrgyz
7025:Korean
7020:Kazakh
6924:Turkic
6909:Oroqen
6899:Manchu
6894:Evenki
6862:Qabiao
6852:Ong Be
6837:Maonan
6827:Lakkja
6817:Jiamao
6787:Buyang
6751:Tai Ya
6741:Tai Lü
6701:Bouyei
6693:Zhuang
6674:Torgut
6629:Buryat
6579:Mienic
6569:Younuo
6549:Raojia
6529:Pa-Hng
6524:Mashan
6494:Hm Nai
6479:Bu-Nao
6474:A-Hmao
6397:Bumang
6316:Jingpo
6311:Derung
6306:Caijia
6280:Zhongu
6250:Gserpa
6142:Namuyi
6112:Japhug
6061:Zauzou
6036:Namuyi
6021:Kucong
5995:Zokhuo
5990:Thopho
5970:Phupha
5955:Phukha
5900:Khlula
5842:Zibusi
5827:Toloza
5822:Sonaga
5807:Mangdi
5802:Lolopo
5747:Hlersu
5684:Phana’
5679:Nuomei
5659:Laopin
5594:Bukong
5569:Angluo
5497:Achang
5474:Mondzi
5376:Zhuang
5351:Tai Lü
5341:Kazakh
5336:Kyrgyz
5321:Korean
5311:Bouyei
5283:Zhuang
5278:Uyghur
5148:Korean
5061:Moklen
4834:Makury
4803:Tangsa
4788:Makyam
4778:Konyak
4721:Chakma
4679:Rungtu
4671:Magway
4574:Khamti
4553:Rawang
4528:Jingpo
4513:Achang
4496:Kachin
4437:Nga La
4394:Zotung
4371:Maraic
4318:Thadou
4111:Proto-
4037:Others
4009:Others
3965:Temiar
3960:Semnam
3934:Senoic
3914:Mintil
3909:Minriq
3904:Kintaq
3899:Kensiu
3870:Jahaic
3861:Aslian
3788:Chaura
3755:Kharia
3738:Others
3611:Birhor
3606:Birjia
3519:Others
3485:Bumang
3452:Savaiq
3323:Others
3284:Khasic
3273:Khasi–
3249:Somray
3242:Others
3233:Sa'och
3212:Kasong
3165:Pearic
3151:Mlabri
3139:Others
3095:Khmuic
3074:Others
3034:Maleng
2929:Vietic
2903:Others
2894:Phuong
2853:Katuic
2840:(East)
2831:Others
2803:Raʼong
2798:Stieng
2732:Sapuan
2671:Rengao
2666:Bahnar
2661:Sedang
2656:Todrah
2636:Kayong
2631:Halang
2505:
2445:
2368:
2260:
2069:佤语方言硏究
2003:Parauk
1969:ua, wa
1878:ui, wi
1851:au, ao
1563:pinyin
1498:Script
1255:voiced
1050:Labial
899:Vowels
815:Bujiao
792:rɤviaʔ
789:(阿卫),
484:Yunnan
423:Yunnan
407:Yangon
297:Parauk
259:UNESCO
243:Phalok
239:
60:Region
7374:Tuoba
7318:Wutun
7233:Xiang
7226:Auish
7152:Hakka
7101:Ji-Lu
7066:Wakhi
7055:Uzbek
7050:Tuvan
7045:Tatar
6966:Other
6952:Salar
6904:Nanai
6842:Mulam
6807:Gelao
6770:Other
6669:Santa
6664:Ordos
6659:Oirat
6624:Bonan
6564:Xixiu
6534:Pa Na
6499:Hmong
6484:Gejia
6432:Riang
6392:Bugan
6387:Bolyu
6382:Blang
6331:Tujia
6294:Other
6275:Tseku
6260:Khams
6245:Groma
6225:Choni
6215:Basum
6210:Baima
6187:Zhaba
6107:Horpa
6092:Choyo
6087:Baima
6056:Sanie
6031:Naruo
6016:Katso
6011:Gokhy
6004:Other
5980:Samei
5975:Phuza
5965:Phupa
5960:Phuma
5950:Phowa
5945:Phola
5940:Phala
5935:Nuosu
5890:Bokha
5865:Alugu
5812:Micha
5724:Yiche
5709:Suobi
5674:Nuobi
5644:Kaduo
5639:Kabie
5619:Habei
5609:Duota
5604:Duoni
5599:Cosao
5527:Zaiwa
5512:Lashi
5464:Mango
5459:Manga
5454:Maang
5449:Kathu
5430:Lolo-
5356:Zaiwa
5326:Qiang
5316:Tujia
5301:Hmong
5105:Hindi
5066:S’gaw
5056:Moken
5051:Malay
4948:Lahta
4943:Intha
4895:Riang
4885:Danau
4880:Blang
4812:Other
4793:Ponyo
4726:Laitu
4626:Kayin
4611:Kayaw
4603:Kayah
4567:Other
4558:Zaiwa
4533:Lashi
4518:Drung
4475:Other
4452:Sumtu
4432:Kʼchò
4427:Khumi
4422:Kaang
4399:Zyphe
4379:Lautu
4356:Ngawn
4313:Tedim
4308:Siyin
4303:Falam
4098:Bugan
4093:Bolyu
4071:Monic
4044:Khmer
4000:Temoq
3955:Semai
3949:Sabüm
3943:Lanoh
3924:Wila'
3894:Jedek
3889:Jahai
3879:Batek
3750:Juang
3729:Gutob
3724:Bonda
3708:Lodhi
3703:Juray
3693:Gorum
3679:South
3596:Korwa
3573:Korku
3562:North
3554:Munda
3531:Danau
3506:Kiorr
3501:Lamet
3494:Lamet
3480:Kháng
3432:Blang
3364:Riang
3299:Khasi
3207:Samre
3060:Phong
2985:Nguồn
2980:Mường
2968:]
2956:]
2915:Ta'Oi
2910:Pacoh
2818:Thmon
2808:Mnong
2788:Chrau
2781:South
2712:Laven
2686:Katua
2651:Monom
2646:Takua
2641:Kacoʼ
2619:North
2443:S2CID
2411:(PDF)
2404:(PDF)
2221:[
2194:[
2151:[
2071:[
1932:vh, f
1536:hymns
1453:plain
1448:Trill
1394:plain
1335:plain
1168:plain
1082:plain
1077:Nasal
1065:Velar
932:Close
912:Front
786:ʔavɤʔ
783:(斡),
572:ʔavɤʔ
413:China
392:Burma
386:Burma
365:Burma
289:China
64:China
7398:Sign
7359:Saka
7260:Ping
6981:Tsat
6932:Äynu
6914:Xibe
6872:Then
6857:Paha
6812:Hlai
6782:Biao
6756:Yang
6721:Nong
6634:Daur
6412:Mang
6407:Kuan
6326:Nung
6205:Amdo
6172:Situ
6152:Pumi
6147:Naxi
6137:Muya
6127:Lizu
6122:Laze
6097:Ersu
6051:Samu
6046:Nusu
6041:Naxi
6026:Lahu
5985:Sani
5930:Nisu
5925:Nasu
5920:Muzi
5915:Muji
5910:Moji
5905:Lope
5895:Gepo
5885:Azhe
5880:Azha
5870:Aluo
5817:Mili
5797:Lisu
5792:Lipo
5787:Limi
5782:Lawu
5777:Lavu
5772:Lamu
5767:Lalo
5719:Woni
5699:Sadu
5694:Qidi
5689:Piyo
5669:Muda
5649:Lami
5634:Jino
5629:Honi
5624:Hani
5589:Budu
5584:Bisu
5574:Asuo
5559:Akha
5554:Akeu
5507:Pela
5469:Maza
5371:Hani
5361:Lisu
5245:SARs
5006:Shan
4996:Khün
4968:Pyen
4958:Pa’o
4953:Lahu
4933:Danu
4928:Akha
4923:Akeu
4863:Shan
4844:Para
4829:Koki
4824:Anal
4579:Nùng
4548:Nusu
4543:Lisu
4523:Hpon
4417:Daai
4384:Mara
4361:Tawr
4351:Mizo
4341:Bawm
4277:Chin
4265:(by
4066:Mảng
3745:Gtaʼ
3698:Sora
3636:Turi
3626:Koda
3601:Asur
3526:Kuan
3437:Lawa
3424:Waic
3409:Muak
3373:East
3352:West
3304:Pnar
3228:Suoi
3177:Pear
3146:Khmu
3125:Oʼdu
3110:Prai
3081:Cuối
3065:Liha
3018:Sach
3003:Arem
2995:Chut
2889:Katu
2882:Katu
2861:West
2793:Koho
2762:Alak
2742:Brao
2707:Jru'
2702:Lavi
2695:West
2681:Duan
2503:ISBN
2366:ISSN
2258:ISBN
2219:佤语研究
1158:Stop
1011:Open
917:Back
840:佤妈.
838:Wama
830:Kela
828:The
819:Puga
806:va⁵³
718:va¹¹
712:la³¹
457:Lahu
455:and
405:and
348:and
295:are
287:and
128:Waic
68:Laos
7339:Jie
7250:Yue
7243:Old
7238:New
7162:Min
7157:Hui
7147:Gan
7123:Jin
6947:Lop
6867:Sui
6832:Mak
6822:Kam
6802:Cun
6761:Yei
6711:Min
6706:Dai
6554:She
6504:Hmu
6377:Bit
6301:Bai
6230:Dao
6182:Zbu
5875:Axi
5742:Eka
5664:Mpi
5614:Enu
5564:Amu
5366:Bai
5306:Kam
5241:ARs
4798:Sak
4765:Sal
4746:Sak
4736:Mru
4698:Mon
4690:Mon
4644:Pwo
4442:Shö
4076:Mon
3837:Car
3662:Kol
3470:Bit
3404:Mok
3330:War
3115:Mal
3039:Kri
3027:Kri
3013:Ruc
3008:Mày
2873:Bru
2868:Kuy
2838:Cua
2722:Juk
2717:Su'
2676:Hrê
2626:Jeh
2493:hdl
2483:doi
2435:doi
2358:doi
2033:at
2031:Awa
2019:at
2005:at
1942:eue
1883:iao
1804:ngh
1740:nyh
1660:IPA
1656:WBO
1652:IPA
1648:WBO
1644:IPA
1640:WBO
1636:IPA
1632:WBO
1628:IPA
1624:WBO
1620:IPA
1616:WBO
1587:in
1554:in
1320:ᵑɡʱ
1313:ᶮɟʱ
1306:ⁿdʱ
1299:ᵐbʱ
809:(瓦)
780:vɔʔ
772:vaʔ
653:vaʔ
453:Dai
317:Awa
309:Awa
283:of
228:ELP
203:vwa
196:wbm
189:prk
54:Awa
7474::
7216:Wu
6447:Wa
6442:Va
6402:Hu
6132:Na
5331:Yi
5243:/
4905:Wa
4323:Zo
3616:Ho
3442:Wa
3414:Va
3389:Hu
2966:vi
2954:vi
2737:Oi
2501:.
2491:.
2441:.
2431:17
2429:.
2425:.
2364:.
2354:27
2352:.
2348:.
2316:.
2298:.
2280:.
2231:^
2204:^
2161:^
2106:^
2017:Vo
1964:eu
1927:mh
1915:oe
1910:ia
1890:kh
1873:ee
1863:gh
1826:ch
1819:au
1814:iu
1809:lh
1799:jh
1787:ai
1772:ng
1762:th
1750:aw
1745:yh
1735:dh
1718:ie
1708:ny
1698:ph
1681:rh
1676:nh
1671:bh
1558:.
1483:rʱ
1436:jʱ
1429:lʱ
1368:vʱ
1283:ᵑɡ
1276:ᶮɟ
1269:ⁿd
1262:ᵐb
1237:kʰ
1230:cʰ
1223:tʰ
1216:pʰ
1148:ŋʱ
1141:ɲʱ
1134:nʱ
1127:mʱ
880:,
855:,
762:,
721:,
486:.
425:.
421:,
409:.
401:,
394:.
363:,
325:Vo
323:,
321:Va
319:,
315:,
313:Wa
301:Vo
273:Wa
233:Wa
165:,
133:Wa
86:Wa
74:,
70:,
66:,
52:,
50:Vo
48:,
46:Va
40:Wa
7278:E
6437:U
5388:/
5202:e
5195:t
5188:v
4269:)
4211:e
4204:t
4197:v
3978:)
3394:U
2595:e
2588:t
2581:v
2563:.
2511:.
2495::
2485::
2449:.
2437::
2372:.
2360::
2320:.
2302:.
2284:.
2054:.
1959:r
1954:n
1949:b
1937:e
1922:x
1905:u
1900:v
1895:m
1868:h
1858:k
1841:i
1836:s
1831:g
1794:c
1782:a
1777:l
1767:j
1730:t
1723:o
1713:y
1703:d
1691:e
1686:o
1666:p
1461:r
1409:j
1402:l
1381:h
1348:s
1341:v
1202:ʔ
1195:k
1188:c
1181:t
1174:p
1109:ŋ
1102:ɲ
1095:n
1088:m
1017:a
1003:ɔ
994:ɛ
980:o
973:ɤ
966:e
952:u
945:ɯ
938:i
705:.
459:)
303:(
34:.
20:)
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