2089:
1371:
1624:
2155:
1488:
2132:
440:
359:
429:
3677:
1325:. During this period, Kataeb led many social struggles to consolidate national cohesion and promote individual liberties and social welfare. The Kataeb elaborated the first Lebanese "labour charter" in 1937. It was a pioneering initiative as it called for a minimum wage, a limitation of working hours, and paid leaves. The Kataeb was one of the first Lebanese parties to have a solid avant-garde economic program and organized social activism throughout Lebanon.
1027:(1905–1950). Mounier's ideas, which gained prominence among Catholic students in France during the 1930s, were integral in shaping the party's philosophical underpinnings. In the Kataeb's first party program, presented at their inaugural congress in 1956, the party clearly reflected Mounier's personalist principles, which advocated for a society of citizens rather than mere collective nationalism. This approach starkly contrasted with the ideology of the
1356:
mandates held by its members, it made elementary education mandatory, and improved the public school infrastructure. On a social level, the Kataeb Party introduced "labor laws" and contributed decisively to social security law. The party played a key role in promoting modern institutions that are still today the pillars of the
Lebanese administrative system, including the Civil Service Council, the Central Inspection Board, and many others.
454:
422:
3681:
447:
1471:
Syrian rule in
Lebanon were systematically muzzled. Christian parties paid the highest price for their resistance to Syrian hegemony and their leaders were either eliminated, exiled, or imprisoned. Kataeb's spirit was still strong between its members and sympathizers. This started to be visible in the late 1990s when Kataeb students participated actively in the student and intellectual resistance that started to be heard.
338:
2649:
1362:, leader of the party and minister of public works, gave Lebanon a large part of its modern infrastructure by completing 440 development projects during his term. Lebanon was at its peak and became a first-tier destination for world tourism. But what was labeled as the "Switzerland of the Middle East" was a shaky construction, with the influx of Palestinian refugees after 1949 setting the stage for an ominous future.
479:
472:
465:
56:
4254:
415:
2635:
1825:, Amine's second son, had formed his own political ideas and identity at the time, much closer in principle and in a manner to those of his uncle Bachir. He was very opposed to Pakradouni and his Syrian ties and thus was not a fan of this reconciliation. This drew Samy away from the party and prompted him to create a Think-Tank/Research-Center on Federalism named Loubnanouna, "Our Lebanon".
686:
1441:
the Army in preparation for the struggle to recover sovereignty and provide security for
Lebanon. The same efforts to liberate the country culminated in the Agreement on Security Arrangements of 17 May 1983, which was somewhat an affirmation of the Armistice Agreement of 1949 with Israel even though this agreement was never concluded because of the opposition of Syria and then Israel.
2663:
2109:
1417:, son of Pierre Gemayel and leader of the Lebanese Forces, was assassinated in 1982 when an explosion rocked the Party's headquarters in the Achrafieh area of Beirut. The architect of the blast was a member of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. In the aftermath of the assassination, Amin Gemayel, the eldest son of Pierre Gemayel, was elected President of the Lebanese Republic.
1197:, it was administered by a network of Phalangist-controlled business corporations headed by the GAMMA Group "brain-trust", backed by the DELTA computer company, and the SONAPORT holding. The latter had run since 1975 the legal commercial ports of Jounieh and Beirut, including the infamous clandestine "Dock Five" – "Cinquième basin" in
1347:
organization which made its fame and became its trademark. In 1958 the Kataeb was the key actor in confronting the coup influenced by pan-Arabists led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of the ephemeral United Arab
Republic (Egypt, Syria, and Yemen), and succeeded in maintaining Lebanon's independence and liberal identity.
1031:(SSNP), which emphasized the primacy of the nation over the intrinsic value of the individual. The adoption of these ideas marked a significant shift within the party and was particularly popularized by young Phalangist intellectuals who had encountered Mounier's thought during their university studies in France.
1810:
and other minor parties. The Kataeb won 4 seats in the June 2005 elections, 3 representing the
Gemayel Leadership (Pierre Gemayel, Solange Gemayel, and Antoine Ghanem) and 1 representing the official leadership of the Party. They formed one parliamentary bloc after a reconciliation that took place in
1400:
In 1975, following these developments, and coupled with the disintegration of the state institutions and the army, the country became an open battlefield. Many foreign states were directly and militarily involved in the
Lebanese conflict, especially Syria, which, under the banner of Arab solidarity,
1841:
as the minister of industry. Pierre played an important role in the reorganization and development of the party. His assassination in
November 2006 was a major blow to the party. Syrian intelligence and "Fateh Al Islam" have been accused of the assassination. With 14 March Alliance forces, the party
1700:
During the
Lebanese Civil War, many predominantly Christian militias were formed that gained support from the north of Lebanon. These militias were staunchly right-wing, nationalist, and anti-Palestinian with a majority of their members being Maronite. The Kataeb party was the most powerful of these
1457:
was the slaughter of between 762 and 3,500 civilians, almost all
Palestinians, by a Lebanese Christian militia in the Sabra and Shatila Palestinian refugee camps in Beirut, Lebanon from approximately 6:00 pm 16 September to 8:00 am 18 September 1982. The massacre was presented as retaliation for the
1449:
and laid its modern foundation, introduced many economic reforms, and started to rebuild Beirut's central district. The war was still raging and
Lebanon's neighbors, mainly Syria and Israel, expanded their influence in Lebanon. On the other hand, the Kataeb Party suffered a great loss with the death
995:
who tried to take over Lebanon and also the French, whom they saw as trying to infiltrate their culture and impose themselves within Lebanon. Gemayel and the Kataeb Party have always believed in an independent and sovereign Lebanon free of all foreign influence. It actively took part in the struggle
1911:
Since the end of Syria's occupation of Lebanon in 2005, the Kataeb Party has been attracted once again to new generations and has regained its role as one of the major political actors in Lebanon. The Party has a large network in Lebanon and abroad and one cannot find a major city or town without a
1876:
the Kataeb Party managed to win 5 seats. 1 in the Metn Caza, 1 in the Beirut-1 Caza, 1 in Zahle, 1 in the Aley Caza and another in the Tripoli Caza. The victories in Beirut-1 and Zahle as well as not allowing the opposition's list to win fully in Metn were major upsets to the General Aoun's FPM who
1518:
Syrian troops effectively left Lebanon on 26 April 2005. At the same time, the Kataeb Party reunited and retrieved its historical role. Pierre Amin Gemayel played a key role in reuniting the Party in 2006. Pierre Gemayel was assassinated on 21 November 2006, and in 2007, the Party was dealt another
1440:
Despite the turmoil caused by the civil strife in Lebanon and the raging wars that devastated the country, President Gemayel was able to accomplish many achievements during his presidential mandate. One of his first achievements was to rebuild the State's institutions and to reorganize and resupply
1355:
After having succeeded in preserving the Lebanese formula, Kataeb Party ranks grew considerably and reached 70,000 members, out of a total population of 2.2 million. The Party achieved many electoral successes and became the main Christian component of successive governments. During the ministerial
1346:
Kataeb struggled to preserve Lebanon's independence facing the growing appetite of its neighbors. The Party expanded considerably its presence throughout the territory and attracted thousands of new members, undoubtedly forming one of the largest parties in the Middle East. Kataeb adopted a modern
1818:
who deemed it was time to turn the page and give those who were unfaithful to the party principles a second chance. Practically, it was a way for Pakradouni and his men to leave the Party with as little humiliation as possible since the reconciliation deal stipulated the resignation of the entire
1777:
His sons Pierre and Samy, had returned in 1997 and had been working on reorganizing the popular base of the party. His return was not welcomed by the established leadership of the party who had become government puppets. To distinguish themselves from the official leadership, Gemayel's supporters
1979:
The Party is strongly concerned about the presence of Palestinian refugees with their regional and domestic ramifications. Notwithstanding that the Kataeb has recently attempted to improve the inhumane living conditions of refugees through Parliament, it remains concerned about latent or gradual
1915:
The Party has an active parliamentary group and has MPs elected in nearly all major Christian constituencies such as Beirut, Metn, Zahlé, Aley, and the North. Kataeb Ministers have been particularly active in governments led by the 14 March coalition, namely in the Ministries of Industry, Social
1919:
The Kataeb Party calls for an objective assessment of the Lebanese political system's limitations in order to guarantee the required political stability, security, and economic prosperity. The series of political crises that Lebanon witnessed since its first independence in 1943 highlighted the
1470:
In 1990, the Lebanese War came to a close when Syrian forces maintained their grip over the entire country leading to fifteen years of occupation during which President Amin Gemayel was exiled to France and the Kataeb Party fell under Syrian influence. Organized institutions that could endanger
1462:. Many of the victims were tortured before they were killed. Women were raped and some victims were skinned alive. Others had limbs chopped off with axes. In February 1983, the UN commission found that "Israeli authorities or forces were involved, directly or indirectly in the massacres".
1342:
The Kataeb Party entered the political and parliamentary scene during the late 1940s after a period in which it refrained from entering the political arena to focus mainly on the promotion of the youth and on social issues, away from the trivialities of post-mandate politics.
2042:
We, as the Kataeb party, have alone faced surrendering to Hezbollah's will, isolating Lebanon from its surroundings, electing Michel Aoun as president, the electoral law that gave the majority to Hezbollah, and quotas and fictitious budgets such as taxes, power ships, and
967:
did not have the reputation that it has now. Nazism? In every system in the world, you can find something good. But Nazism was not Nazism at all. The word came afterwards. In their system, I saw discipline. And we in the Middle East, we need discipline more than anything
1510:
Eventually, all this led to the Independence Uprising in February 2005 and on 14 March 2005 more than a million Lebanese filled the streets of central Beirut to demand Syrian withdrawal and the restoration of sovereignty. The Kataeb Party extensively participated in the
1582:
We, as the Kataeb party, have alone faced surrender to Hezbollah's will, isolating Lebanon from its surroundings, electing Michel Aoun as president, the electoral law that gave the majority to Hezbollah, and quotas and fictitious budgets such as taxes, power ships, and
1478:
was heading to Kataeb headquarters in Beirut when his car, a red Opel, was intercepted by two BMW cars and one red van, 100m away from his home. Between eight and ten gunmen were in the attacking squad, they pulled him out of his car and forced him into the van.
1145:
Disbanded in January 1961 by order of the Kataeb Party's Political Bureau, Hawi created in their place the Kataeb Regulatory Forces. In order to coordinate the activities of all Phalange paramilitary forces, the Political Bureau set up the Kataeb War Council
1778:
started referring to themselves as "The Kataeb Base" or "The Kataeb Reform Movement". General consensus amongst Lebanese always recognized Gemayel as the legitimate Leader of the party, not because of lineage but because of most of the popular support.
1412:
Driven by this ideal and the preservation of freedom and Christian dignity in the Middle East, more than 4,000 members of the party died for this cause. The Kataeb Party succeeded in getting two of its leaders elected to the presidency. President-elect
963:. We went to the Olympic Games of 1936 in Berlin. And I saw then this discipline and order. And I said to myself: "Why can't we do the same thing in Lebanon?" So when we came back to Lebanon, we created this youth movement. When I was in Berlin then,
808:, who led the party through much of the war. In decline in the late 1980s and 1990s, the party slowly re-emerged in the early 2000s and is currently part of the Lebanese opposition. The party currently holds 4 out of the 128 seats in the
1923:
During the 2009 parliamentary elections that saw the victory of the Party and its allies, Kataeb presented a comprehensive program under the title of "Pact of Stability". The vision of the Party revolves around the following main ideas:
1724:. Bachir was thought to have been radical in his approach and hinted at possible peace agreements with Israel while trying to expel all Palestinian refugees from Lebanon. In contrast, Amine was thought to have been much more moderate.
1642:
Throughout the 1975 Civil War, the Phalange Party was the most important force within the Christian camp, and its militia carried out most of the fighting as part of the Lebanese Front, the mostly Christian rightist coalition.
1928:
Adopting decentralization in order to be closer to the citizens and guarantee basic rights and freedoms, in order to manage constructively Lebanon's cultural pluralism and to ensure development in all parts of the Lebanese
3556:
1750:, which became virtually independent as Muslim recruits deserted and rebelled against the mostly Christian officer ranks. The Kataeb party began to decline, not playing a major role for the remainder of the war.
1169:
units, the "1st Commando" and the "2nd Commando" were created in 1963, soon followed by the "Pierre Gemayel" squad (later a company) and a VIP protection squad. To this was added in 1973 another commando platoon
1073:, and won 9 seats of 99 in the 1968 parliamentary elections, making it one of the largest groupings in Lebanon's notoriously fractured political system. By the end of the decade, the party created its own
1444:
Amin Gemayel called for and chaired national dialogue conferences in Geneva and Lausanne and succeeded in creating a national accord and the formation of a fully representative government. He rebuilt the
3125:
3017:
1650:. In retaliation Phalangist militias killed 28 passengers of a bus later that day, most of them Palestinian with some that were deemed to be armed and were coming back from a rally at camp
1503:. Pierre Amin Gemayel was elected MP for Metn district, signalling the rebirth of the Kataeb Party. "Kataeb opposition" was structured and began its activities within the framework of the "
1646:
In April 1975, four persons, among them two men close to the Gemayel family, were killed during an attack on a church inauguration ceremony by unknown attackers in the Beirut suburb of
1432:
told the Phalange not to engage in any fighting. In February 1983, the UN commission found that "Israeli authorities or forces were involved, directly or indirectly in the massacres".
1762:
took control of the Party from 1986 until his death in 1998. He took a moderate position toward the Syrian presence. Mounir Hajj became the president of the party in 1999, followed by
1289:, the Kataeb Regulatory Forces' own mobilization and street action skills allowed the Kataeb to become the primary and most fearsome fighting force in the Christian-conservative camp.
1201:– from which the Phalange extracted additional revenues by levying illegal taxes and carried out arms-smuggling operations. The KRF was served by a clandestine-built airstrip, the
3586:
4242:
4437:
1774:
and avoid more intra-Christian bloodshed. He returned in 2000 to oppose the Syrian role in Lebanon and to back his son Pierre's parliamentary election campaign, which he won.
1328:
1941 saw the creation of the first women section in a Lebanese Party. It called openly for stopping any kind of discrimination towards women. Since 1939, the Party has issued
2088:
1186:. Another special unit, the "Bashir Gemayel brigade" – named after Pierre Gemayel's youngest son, Bashir – was formed in 1964, absorbing the old "PG" company in the process.
713:
3548:
1458:
assassination of the newly elected Lebanese president Bachir Gemayel, the leader of the Lebanese Kataeb Party. The Phalangist militia was led by the intelligence chief
1370:
4038:
3733:"الجميّل في اللقاء العام لإطلاق الماكينة الانتخابية: ليكن تقييمكم على الأفعال في 15 أيار كي نبني بلدًا جديدًا ولنذهب بإيمان إلى الانتخابات وبمعنويات عالية وما منساوم"
4671:
4646:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1943:
Safeguarding the secular State in Lebanon and completing its legal framework to guarantee the freedom of the individual and the respect of his rights and integrity.
4716:
3803:
Khalaf, Samir (2002): Civil and Uncivil Violence in Lebanon: A History of the Internationalization of Human Contact; New York: Columbia University Press; p. 228f
4661:
3027:
1819:
political bureau after 2 years. This reconciliation saw Amine come back to the Party as Supreme President of the Party while Pakradouni stayed on as President.
4419:
4321:
3625:
4681:
1088:
By the 1970s, the party had become a political giant in Lebanon, with an estimated membership of 60,000 to 70,000. The vast majority (85%) of members were
1975:
Reforming the Lebanese Administration and adopting modern economic policies to stimulate the economy, ensure prosperity, and therefore stop emigration.
1623:
1720:. He was assassinated less than a month later in an operation thought to have been arranged by Syrian intelligence and was succeeded by his brother,
4676:
4235:
4220:
777:
706:
3283:
4736:
4706:
1154:) in 1970, with William Hawi being appointed as head. The seat of the Council was allocated at the Kataeb Party's Headquarters at the heart of
3258:
Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux
4721:
4696:
4656:
4135:
4107:
4063:
3487:
3433:
3393:
3366:
1881:, although the opposition's list was not 100% complete, leaving one Maronite seat vacant by purpose for the candidate of the Gemayel family.
653:
587:
3732:
1983:
On 11 March 2018, the Kataeb Party unveiled its 131-point platform, in which they expressed some progressive values such as decriminalizing
1693:
and other formations, was heavily engaged in street fights against the Palestinian militias and their allies in the anti-government secular
4731:
4258:
2558:
1933:
1900:
Disagreements between Kataeb and March 14 deepened in 2016 when the Lebanese Forces endorsed March 8 candidate Michel Aoun for presidency.
1203:
374:
4228:
3578:
3503:
2589:
1386:
793:
1936:
of Lebanon towards all armed conflicts in the region in order to protect Lebanon from external meddling in its affairs, except for the
699:
4020:
4019:
Upright, Tara John,Melissa Macaya,Mike Hayes,Veronica Rocha,Meg Wagner,Joshua Berlinger,Adam Renton,Zamira Rahim,Ed (4 August 2020).
4092:
3521:
3161:
3001:
2969:
2949:
4502:
2528:
1834:
1089:
1058:
960:
625:
247:
4651:
4496:
4315:
4266:
2916:
2154:
1397:, Lebanon's political balance had been fragile since 1958 and political tensions were already running high among the Lebanese.
1028:
991:
During the first years of the Kataeb Party, the Party was strongly opposed to having anyone dominate Lebanon. They opposed the
801:
317:
4666:
4596:
4449:
2596:
2565:
2535:
2508:
2484:
2460:
2436:
2412:
2389:
2366:
2343:
2320:
2297:
2274:
2251:
2007:
1873:
1555:
1524:
1023:
thinking in their ideological framework, particularly influenced by the works of French Christian Existentialist philosopher
1849:
was assassinated in a car bombing. Solange Gemayel remained the party's only MP since Pierre Gemayel's seat was lost to the
3781:
3779:
1713:
615:
251:
211:
1551:, sending debris across the city. He suffered head trauma and succumbed to his injuries. He was buried on 8 August 2020.
3968:
2706:
2696:
1043:
126:
236:
4726:
4590:
4353:
3098:
1972:
Rejecting any form of permanent settlement of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon at the expense of their right of return.
1803:
1487:
1424:
estimated that when fully mobilized, the Phalange had 5,000 fighters, of whom 2,000 were full-time. From the start of
1402:
1515:
and MP Pierre Gemayel played a significant role in shaping this uprising which led to Lebanon's second independence.
3826:
4701:
4686:
1732:
1694:
1454:
1421:
1293:
3655:
3609:
3077:
2813:
1937:
4303:
1920:
shortcomings of the consensual and unitary system and its inadequacy with pluralistic countries such as Lebanon.
1702:
1271:
997:
295:
1162:
and a quiet expansion of KRF units followed suit, complemented by the development of a training infrastructure.
1042:. In the aftermath of the crisis, Gemayel was appointed to the cabinet, and two years later, was elected to the
4537:
4194:
The Socio-Ideological Development of the Maronite Community: The Emergence of the Phalanges and Lebanese Forces
3457:
The Commission of Inquiry into events at the refugee camps in Beirut 1983 FINAL REPORT (Authorized translation)
2730:
2691:
2131:
1670:
1666:
1504:
1247:
1113:
1078:
658:
439:
290:
231:
2759:
1507:", and then through the Bristol Gathering, which formed a platform for the joint Christian-Muslim opposition.
3994:
3786:
4691:
4602:
4508:
4401:
4297:
2711:
1850:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1259:
1255:
1251:
757:
673:
635:
200:
1122:
but also the oldest. It was founded in 1937 as the "Militants' organization" by the President of the Party
988:. Gemayel was chosen to lead the organization, in part because he was not a political figure at that time.
4711:
4561:
1736:
1544:
1267:
1066:
1039:
925:
610:
1499:
returned to Lebanon in June 2000 and was welcomed by large crowds that filled the streets and squares of
1118:
The Phalange party's militia was not only the largest and best organized political paramilitary force in
896:. In 2021, the party changed its official name to "The Kataeb Party – Lebanese Social Democratic Party" (
4641:
4522:
4455:
4382:
1717:
1591:, a cousin of Samy, promoted his candidacy in a speech during a small event. Kataeb secured 4 seats for
1093:
809:
781:
303:
161:
3291:
1888:), Elie Marouni, Fady el-Haber, and Samer Saade to join the Parliament. In the first Government of PM
1766:
in 2002. Amine Gemayel left Lebanon in 1988 after his mandate had ended, mainly to avoid a clash with
916:
The Kataeb party was established on November 5, 1936 as a Maronite paramilitary youth organization by
2094:
1950:, Palestinian armed militias, and other Islamist groups, and calling for their immediate disarmament.
1838:
1815:
1701:
militias at the time of the Lebanese Civil War. The party later went on to help found the right-wing
1390:
1297:
1292:
At Beirut and elsewhere, Phalange militia sections were heavily committed in several battles against
1239:
977:
929:
797:
379:
132:
4549:
4543:
1790:
assassination, the Kataeb took part in an anti-Syrian presence demonstration, commonly known as the
4620:
1996:
1446:
1321:
In 1943, the Kataeb played an instrumental role in attaining Lebanon's first independence from the
1135:
1005:
754:
369:
185:
140:
136:
4567:
3126:"Les partis politiques de toutes tendances foisonnent dans un pays essentiellement individualiste"
2189:
1864:
and most of his Loubnanouna companions rejoined the Kataeb, prompting a renaissance in the party.
4555:
4531:
4165:
The Super Vigilantes: the Lebanese Kata'eb Party as Builder, Surrogate, and Defender of the State
2980:
Thomas Collelo, ed. Lebanon: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1987.
1988:
1659:
1394:
1304:
and the Nasserite Correctionist Movement (NCM), and later at the 'Spring Offensive' held against
1286:
1263:
1082:
773:
189:
168:
3452:
2888:
4573:
2893:
4469:
4332:
4131:
4103:
4088:
4059:
4032:
3902:
3866:
3862:
3617:
3483:
3429:
3421:
3389:
3362:
3356:
3157:
2997:
2965:
2945:
1795:
1330:
1183:
1131:
921:
883:
663:
524:
509:
398:
221:
144:
3884:
3425:
3383:
3151:
4443:
4392:
4276:
2676:
2513:
2207:
1791:
1763:
1566:
insisted that the Kataeb party was the only one that has "faced the fact of surrendering to
1512:
1425:
1097:
1024:
985:
453:
421:
30:"Phalangism" and "Phalangist" redirect here. For the general, originally Spanish, term, see
2026:
insisted that the Kataeb party was the only one that has faced the fact of surrendering to
504:
4484:
4478:
4425:
4347:
4341:
4309:
4186:
4150:
4139:
4067:
3898:
3022:
2654:
1807:
1799:
1771:
1647:
1475:
1406:
1322:
1232:
1198:
1194:
1062:
897:
829:
735:
630:
605:
572:
519:
514:
428:
3549:"Scores dead and more than 3,000 injured as explosions rock Beirut, Health Ministry says"
3525:
1070:
446:
2701:
2640:
2489:
2465:
2441:
2417:
2394:
2371:
2348:
2325:
2302:
2279:
2256:
2201:
2195:
2183:
2003:
1885:
1884:
These victories enabled Samy Gemayel, Nadim Gemayel (son of the assassinated President
1846:
1759:
1709:
1678:
1627:
1608:
1548:
1540:
1520:
1414:
1374:
1359:
1166:
1123:
945:
917:
789:
765:
689:
577:
567:
534:
529:
478:
358:
216:
156:
94:
2648:
471:
4635:
4407:
4285:
3851:
3787:"Here's The Full List Of How Many Seats Each Party Won In The 2022 Lebanon Elections"
3444:
2605:
2574:
2544:
2540:
2213:
2137:
2067:
2059:
2048:
1984:
1747:
1743:
1721:
1651:
1604:
1596:
1588:
1528:
1496:
1305:
1301:
1226:
1101:
1050:
981:
973:
805:
582:
549:
539:
119:
4185:, Mémoire DEA, Faculté d'Histoire, Université Saint Esprit, Kaslik, Liban 2004. (in
464:
337:
3880:
3448:
2780:
2686:
2681:
2601:
2570:
2219:
2160:
2114:
2063:
2055:
2023:
1861:
1822:
1787:
1767:
1728:
1655:
1631:
1600:
1592:
1563:
1459:
1429:
1378:
1238:
In July–August of that same year, the Phalangists headed alongside its allies, the
1127:
992:
941:
937:
769:
499:
414:
177:
84:
1401:
tried to impose its authority upon the country, and Israel, which invaded Lebanon
3579:"Lebanese Kataeb Party's Secretary-General Nazar Najarian killed in Beirut blast"
2993:
2961:
2941:
1038:'s independence but came to prominence as a strong ally of the government in the
4080:
3013:
2668:
2031:
1889:
1854:
1571:
1159:
1020:
952:
544:
55:
3284:"The Facts: AG and Tal el Za3tar - Page 2 - the Orange Room - forum.tayyar.org"
1946:
Ending the military status of several Lebanese and non-Lebanese groups such as
3760:
3706:
2630:
2108:
1992:
1558:, candidates were announced on the 20 February 2022 under the campaign slogan
1054:
685:
3972:
3904:
The Sunni-Shia Conflict: Understanding Sectarian Violence in the Middle East,
3621:
3102:
1735:
refugee camps, while the periphery of the camps was under the control of the
1138:. Fighting alongside the pro-government forces, the Phalangists defended the
4431:
4413:
4291:
3428:(Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 1989 (revised edition)), p.60,
2166:
2027:
1947:
1878:
1674:
1567:
1393:. While it is contested whether the Palestinian presence was a cause of the
1296:(LNM) leftist militias and suffered considerable casualties, notably at the
1243:
1155:
892:
887:
668:
152:
31:
3868:
Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict Since 1967,
3830:
2051:, cousin of Samy, promoted his candidacy in a speech during a small event.
4149:, Thèse de Doctorat d'Histoire – 1993, Université de Paris VIII, 2007 (in
3648:"Secretary-general of Lebanese Kataeb Party Najarian dies in Beirut blast"
2981:
1903:
Kataeb left the government and, thus, the March 14 alliance in June 2016.
1742:
After the death of Pierre Gemayel in 1984, his successors Elie Karamé and
4147:
Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain
2764:
1612:
959:
I was the captain of the Lebanese football team and the president of the
2018:
Candidates were announced on 20 February 2022 under the campaign slogan
1654:, since they suspected Palestinians to be behind the church attack. The
1034:
The influence of the Phalangists was very limited in the early years of
906:
Hiẓb al-Katā'ib al-Lubnāniyya – Hiẓb al-dīmūqrāṭī al-ijtimāʿī al-lubnānī
4253:
3647:
3081:
2035:
1575:
1500:
1190:
1179:
1119:
1074:
1035:
761:
1953:
Committing to all relevant UN Security Council Resolutions, primarily
1758:
The party, lacking direction, broke down into several rival factions.
1731:
led the massacre of between 762 and 3,500 Palestinian refugees in the
17:
3701:
3699:
1635:
1275:
1216:
1171:
1147:
1013:
1009:
964:
933:
875:
867:
785:
4176:
Pluralism and party transformation in Lebanon: Al-Kata'ib, 1936–1970
4102:(World Leaders Past & Present), Chelsea House Publishers, 1988.
3385:
Pluralism and Party Transformation in Lebanon: Al-Kataʼib, 1936-1970
1409:
and battled to preserve Lebanon and its independence and integrity.
1405:. The Kataeb Party, along with other political parties, formed the
1000:, until Lebanese independence was proclaimed in November 1943. Its
804:
before he could take office. He was succeeded by his older brother
3762:كلمة للنائب السابق نديم الجميل من أمام بيت الكتائب في منطقة الرميل
2870:
1208:
1189:
Considered by many analysts as the best organized of all militia "
1001:
1543:
was killed in the 2020 Beirut explosions on 4 August 2020, after
1385:
In the early 1970s, Christian leaders in Lebanon feared that the
2143:
2120:
1279:
1139:
4224:
4215:
4114:
Myrtom House Building: Un quartier de Beyrouth en guerre civile
2856:
2831:
1814:
This reconciliation was marketed as a gesture of goodwill from
2962:
Middle Eastern terrorism: from Black September to September 11
4021:"Beirut explosion rocks Lebanon's capital city: Live updates"
3478:
Austenfeld, Thomas; Daphinoff, Dimiter; Herlth, Jens (2011).
2964:(University of Pennsylvania Press, 30 November 2007), p. 85,
1705:
in 1977 which played a large role in the Lebanese Civil War.
1178:) and a "Combat School" was secretly opened at Tabrieh, near
3219:
Ta'rib al-Kata'eb al-Lubnaniyya: al-Hizb, al-sulta, al-khawf
1019:
In the 1950s, the Phalanges, deliberately emphasized French
902:حزب الكتائب اللبنانيّة – الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي اللبناني
3944:"الكتائب اللبنانية – آخر الأخبار المحلية والعربية والدولية"
1665:
In the following days, the 8,000-strong party militia, the
1092:, but some were members of minority Christian communities,
972:
He founded the party along with four other young Lebanese:
740:حزب الكتائب اللبنانية – الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي اللبناني
3678:"تشييع نزار نجاريان واستقالة نواب الكتائب من المجلس (صور)"
4210:
3943:
3504:"Official of Christian Party Is Kidnapped in East Beirut"
3459:
p.108 has "This report was signed on 7 February 1982." p7
2944:(Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1 June 2004), p. 3,
1980:
attempts to force their permanent settlement in Lebanon.
1892:, the Kataeb were assigned the Social Affairs portfolio.
1193:" in the whole of Lebanon under the leadership of "chef"
928:
parties he had observed as an Olympic athlete during the
1746:
struggled to maintain influence over the actions of the
3330:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
3311:
3309:
2994:
All honorable men: the social origins of war in Lebanon
4130:, Presses Universitaires de France – PUF, Paris 1993.
1658:
is commonly considered as the spark that set off the
882:
which is a translation into Arabic of the Greek word
351:
1842:
supports the Lebanese government against Hezbollah.
1270:
at the Muslim-populated slum districts and adjacent
1262:(LYM) in the sieges – and subsequent massacres – of
860:
843:
743:
4583:
4521:
4468:
4391:
4381:
4363:
4331:
4275:
4265:
4216:
Official website of The Lebanese Phalanges – Kataeb
3522:"Lebanon news – NOW Lebanon -March14 – March 8 MPs"
344:
330:
316:
302:
286:
278:
257:
243:
230:
207:
195:
167:
125:
115:
100:
90:
80:
70:
62:
41:
3886:Periphery: Israel's Search for Middle East Allies,
2779:Gambill, Gary C.; Bassam Endrawos (January 2002).
1611:, also managed to wain a seat with 4,043 votes in
1381:celebrating the anniversary of the Kataeb in 1971.
1211:, north of Batroun, and had its own radio station
4056:Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2, 1943–1990
1531:, they managed to receive 5 seats in parliament.
1389:(PLO) was increasingly operating in Lebanon as a
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3018:"Lebanese strike a blow at US-backed government"
2760:"Hezbollah's Latest Conquest: Lebanon's Cabinet"
1578:from its surroundings. Samy Gemayel emphasized:
890:") which is also the origin of the Spanish term
3361:. Berlin: Frank & Timme GmbH. p. 110.
2871:"Lebanese Kataeb Party – حزب الكتائب اللبنانية"
2040:
2038:from its surroundings. Samy Gemayel emphasized:
1580:
1450:of its founder, Cheikh Pierre Gemayel in 1984.
732:Kataeb Party – Lebanese Social Democratic Party
3755:
3753:
3608:Ben Hubbard; Maria Abi-Habib (4 August 2020).
3153:Pax Syriana: Elite Politics in Postwar Lebanon
2857:"Members | International Democracy Union"
2731:"Dagher Appointed as Kataeb Secretary-General"
940:. The movement's uniforms originally included
820:The Lebanese Phalanges Party is also known as
4236:
3727:
3725:
2921:حزب الكتائب اللبنانية (Lebanese Kataeb Party)
1334:, a leading bilingual political publication.
1134:glass industrialist, who led them during the
1081:(KRF) and soon clashes began with the rising
707:
27:Lebanese Christian democratic political party
8:
4037:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2808:
2806:
1833:In July 2005, the party participated in the
1491:Protesters at Pierre Amine Gemayel's funeral
955:, Gemayel stated about the Berlin Olympics:
854:
837:
822:
4420:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag)
4322:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag)
3610:"Deadly Explosions Shatter Beirut, Lebanon"
1420:The 1982 Israeli Judicial inquiry into the
4388:
4272:
4243:
4229:
4221:
4075:Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon
3680:(in Arabic). 8 August 2020. Archived from
2942:The war on terrorism and the terror of God
2753:
2751:
2230:
2153:
2130:
2107:
2087:
2072:
1607:(6,148 votes). A close ally of the party,
714:
700:
389:
357:
38:
3995:"Kataeb Party Unveils 131-Point Platform"
3412:New York: Basic Books, 2011. pp. 380–381.
3206:Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis
3156:. Syracuse University Press. p. 42.
3050:Pity the Nation, the abduction of Lebanon
2996:(I. B. Tauris, 23 November 2002), p.148,
3482:. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 227–228.
1622:
1486:
1369:
3969:"Elections 09 – Lebanon Elections 2009"
2722:
1287:1975–76 phase of the Lebanese Civil War
397:
4672:Christian political parties in Lebanon
4647:1936 establishments in Mandatory Syria
4030:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
2917:"History of the Lebanese Kataeb Party"
2559:March 14 Alliance-led Unity Government
2529:March 14 Alliance-led Unity Government
1857:in a special election in August 2007.
1495:The revival of Lebanon and the Party:
1300:in October 1975 where they fought the
4717:Political parties established in 1936
3814:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon
3093:
3091:
1845:In September 2007 another Kataeb MP,
1523:was assassinated as well. During the
1053:formed with the two other big mainly
654:Lebanese Forces (Lebanese Resistance)
7:
4662:Christian democratic parties in Asia
4211:Official website of the Kataeb party
3871:University of California Press p.266
2002:The secretary-general of the party,
1204:Pierre Gemayel International Airport
920:who modeled the party after Spanish
4087:, London: Oxford University Press,
3889:Rowman & Littlefield, 2015 p.48
3658:from the original on 4 October 2020
2814:"#2022: Reorganizing and Reforming"
2781:"The Assassination of Elie Hobeika"
1474:On September 15, 1992, at 9:15 AM,
1387:Palestinian Liberation Organization
1274:of East Beirut, and at the town of
901:
855:
838:
739:
393:This article is part of a series on
4682:Factions in the Lebanese Civil War
3708:لقاء الماكينة الانتخابية الكتائبية
3628:from the original on 4 August 2020
3589:from the original on 6 August 2020
3559:from the original on 6 August 2020
2889:"بالصورة- تعديل اسم حزب "الكتائب""
2503:Rafic Hariri-led Unity Government
2479:Rafic Hariri-led Unity Government
2455:Rafic Hariri-led Unity Government
1539:In 2020, Kataeb Secretary-General
226:Lebanese Opposition (2016–present)
25:
3931:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban
3827:"Lebanese Kataeb Official Portal"
3245:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban
3099:"Lebanese Kataeb Official Portal"
2785:Middle East Intelligence Bulletin
778:Palestinian forces in the country
772:wings played a major role in the
4252:
4200:7, 4 (Fall 1985): pp. 1–27.
4077:, Boulder: Westview Press, 1990.
3480:Terrorism and Narrative Practice
3328:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
2758:Daoud, David (12 January 2017).
2661:
2647:
2633:
1669:, together with its allies, the
684:
477:
470:
463:
452:
445:
438:
427:
420:
413:
336:
248:Christian Democrat International
54:
4677:Conservative parties in Lebanon
4316:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
4183:William Haoui, temoin et martyr
4085:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
3052:. New York: Nation Books. 65 p.
1029:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
4597:Popular Nasserist Organization
4450:Popular Nasserist Organization
4128:Histoire de la guerre du Liban
3907:Nortia Media Ltd, 2013 p.113.
3524:. 16 June 2009. Archived from
3426:The war for Lebanon, 1970–1985
2008:2020 Port of Beirut explosions
1049:In 1968, the party joined the
1:
4737:Far-right politics in Lebanon
4707:National conservative parties
4171:11, 3 (October 1975): 215236.
3388:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 62.
1877:is an ally of Iranian-backed
862:Ḥizb al-Katā'ib al-Lubnāniyya
252:International Democracy Union
4722:Political parties in Lebanon
4697:Lebanese nationalist parties
4657:Centre-right parties in Asia
4259:Political parties in Lebanon
3793:. 961. 961News. 17 May 2022.
3382:John Pierre Entelis (1974).
3124:Saab, Édouard (4 May 1965).
2707:Political parties in Lebanon
2697:Lebanese Forces (Resistance)
1794:. It became a member of the
1562:(ما منساوم ). Kataeb leader
961:Lebanese Football Federation
792:, the leader of the party's
745:Ḥizb al-Katā'ib al-Lubnānīya
4732:Social conservative parties
4591:Progressive Socialist Party
4354:Progressive Socialist Party
4178:, E. J. Brill, Leiden 1974.
2054:Kataeb secured 4 seats for
2034:as president and isolating
2022:(ما منساوم). Kataeb leader
1804:Progressive Socialist Party
1574:as president and isolating
861:
844:
768:in 1936. The party and its
744:
4753:
3358:The New Arab Public Sphere
3355:Muhammad I. Ayish (2008).
2431:Saeb Salam-led Government
1695:Lebanese National Movement
1556:Lebanese general elections
1527:, under the leadership of
1455:Sabra and Shatila massacre
1422:Sabra and Shatila massacre
1294:Lebanese National Movement
1111:
29:
4616:
4304:Lebanese Democratic Party
4123:, Just World Books, 1983.
3150:Rola L. Husseini (2012).
2075:
1428:, Israeli Chief of Staff
1272:Palestinian refugee camps
365:
349:
335:
244:International affiliation
104:5 November 1936
53:
4538:Lebanese Communist Party
2982:"Phalange Party" chapter
2692:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
2590:FPM-led Unity Government
1896:March 14 and the breakup
1835:Fouad Siniora Government
1786:In March 2005 after the
1667:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
1505:Kornet Shahwan Coalition
1114:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
1108:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
1079:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
1057:parties in Lebanon: the
845:al-Katā'ib al-Lubnāniyya
788:. Pierre's youngest son
659:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
291:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
282:"God. Homeland. Family."
46:
4603:National Dialogue Party
4402:Free Patriotic Movement
4298:Free Patriotic Movement
4192:Marie-Christine Aulas,
3583:Public Radio of Armenia
2712:Tyous Team of Commandos
2178:Presidents of the Party
1874:parliamentary elections
1851:Free Patriotic Movement
1703:Lebanese Forces militia
1691:Tyous Team of Commandos
1687:Lebanese Youth Movement
1683:Guardians of the Cedars
1268:Tel al-Zaatar Massacres
1260:Lebanese Youth Movement
1256:Tyous Team of Commandos
1252:Guardians of the Cedars
674:Guardians of the Cedars
636:Free Patriotic Movement
237:European People’s Party
169:Political position
4652:Anti-communist parties
4503:National Liberal Party
4198:Arab Studies Quarterly
4121:The Tragedy of Lebanon
4058:, Fayard, Paris 2005.
3202:Lebanon's Militia Wars
2045:
1916:Affairs, and Tourism.
1907:The Kataeb Party today
1737:Israeli Defense Forces
1727:On 16 September 1982,
1639:
1585:
1545:a series of explosions
1525:2009 general elections
1492:
1382:
1213:"The Voice of Lebanon"
1059:National Liberal Party
970:
823:
776:(1975–1990), opposing
4667:Christian nationalism
4523:17 October Revolution
4497:Independence Movement
3410:The Arabs: A History.
3260:(2007), page unknown.
3078:"El Kataeb – Founder"
2227:Electoral performance
1995:, and adopting a 30%
1938:Arab-Israeli conflict
1626:
1490:
1373:
1085:militant guerrillas.
976:, who later became a
957:
944:and members used the
856:حزب الكتائب اللبنانية
749:), also known as the
304:Parliament of Lebanon
162:Christian nationalism
47:حزب الكتائب اللبنانية
44:Lebanese Kataeb Party
4116:, L'Harmattan, 2018.
3510:. 16 September 1992.
3343:Civil War in Lebanon
2161:Salim Boutros Sayegh
2095:Nadim Bachir Gemayel
2066:(10,466 votes), and
2006:, was killed in the
1839:Pierre Amine Gemayel
1816:Pierre Amine Gemayel
1714:President of Lebanon
1603:(10,466 votes), and
1547:had occurred at the
1391:state within a state
1298:Battle of the Hotels
1240:Army of Free Lebanon
1207:, opened in 1976 at
1061:of former President
978:President of Lebanon
930:1936 Summer Olympics
824:Phalanges Libanaises
232:European affiliation
208:National affiliation
203:(Officially Secular)
133:Lebanese nationalism
4621:Politics of Lebanon
4169:Middle East Studies
4098:Matthew S. Gordon,
3084:on 4 December 2008.
3030:on 13 February 2010
2138:Elias Rakif Hankash
1999:in the parliament.
1997:female quota system
1708:In September 1982,
1619:War era and decline
1447:Lebanese University
1221:Iza'at Sawt Loubnan
984:, Emile Yared, and
951:In an interview by
810:Lebanese Parliament
760:political party in
616:Constitutional Bloc
370:Politics of Lebanon
141:Social conservatism
137:Christian democracy
4727:Right-wing parties
4145:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
4049:General references
3933:(2004), pp. 45–46.
3920:(1988), pp. 52–55.
3711:, 20 February 2022
3614:The New York Times
3508:The New York Times
3234:(1988), pp. 58–59.
2859:. 1 February 2018.
2820:. 6 December 2021.
2165:Mount Lebanon 1 –
2142:Mount Lebanon 2 –
2119:Mount Lebanon 2 –
2030:'s will, electing
1989:capital punishment
1829:Siniora Government
1660:Lebanese Civil War
1640:
1570:'s will, electing
1493:
1395:Lebanese Civil War
1383:
1165:Two company-sized
774:Lebanese Civil War
318:Cabinet of Lebanon
239:(regional partner)
4702:March 14 Alliance
4687:Falangist parties
4629:
4628:
4612:
4611:
4470:March 14 Alliance
4383:National Assembly
4377:
4376:
4333:March 14 Alliance
4181:Leila Haoui Zod,
4174:John P. Entelis,
4136:978-2-13-045801-2
4119:Jonathan Randal,
4112:Michael Maschek,
4108:978-1-55546-834-7
4064:978-2-213-61521-9
3863:William B. Quandt
3489:978-3-643-80082-4
3434:978-0-8014-9313-3
3422:Itamar Rabinovich
3395:978-90-04-03911-7
3368:978-3-86596-168-6
3048:Fisk, R. (1990).
3016:(7 August 2007).
2992:Michael Johnson,
2624:
2623:
2175:
2174:
2115:Sami Amin Gemayel
1912:Kataeb presence.
1798:, along with the
1796:March 14 Alliance
1754:Syrian occupation
1733:Sabra and Shatila
1718:National Assembly
1266:, al-Masklah and
1184:Keserwan District
1132:Lebanese-American
1044:National Assembly
839:الكتائب اللبنانية
800:in 1982, but was
730:, officially the
724:
723:
525:Suleiman Frangieh
510:Bechara El Khoury
400:Maronite politics
388:
387:
375:Political parties
274:Brown (customary)
222:March 14 Alliance
145:Maronite politics
72:Secretary-General
16:(Redirected from
4744:
4444:Dignity Movement
4393:March 8 Alliance
4389:
4277:March 8 Alliance
4273:
4257:
4256:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4222:
4043:
4042:
4036:
4028:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3971:. Archived from
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3940:
3934:
3927:
3921:
3914:
3908:
3896:
3890:
3878:
3872:
3860:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3829:. Archived from
3823:
3817:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3729:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3703:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3684:on 8 August 2020
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3460:
3442:
3436:
3419:
3413:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3352:
3346:
3339:
3333:
3326:
3320:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3290:. Archived from
3288:forum.tayyar.org
3280:
3274:
3267:
3261:
3254:
3248:
3241:
3235:
3228:
3222:
3215:
3209:
3198:
3181:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3105:on 18 April 2009
3101:. Archived from
3095:
3086:
3085:
3080:. Archived from
3074:
3053:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3026:. Archived from
3010:
3004:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2958:
2952:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2727:
2677:Cedar Revolution
2671:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2616:
2585:
2554:
2524:
2514:Karim Pakradouni
2499:
2475:
2451:
2427:
2404:
2381:
2358:
2335:
2312:
2289:
2266:
2231:
2208:Karim Pakradouni
2157:
2134:
2111:
2091:
2073:
1932:Proclaiming the
1792:Cedar Revolution
1782:Cedar Revolution
1764:Karim Pakradouni
1638:Security Council
1513:Cedar Revolution
1235:set up in 1976.
1227:La Voix du Liban
1152:Majliss al-Harbi
1025:Emmanuel Mounier
986:Georges Naccache
903:
864:
858:
857:
851:Phalangist Party
847:
841:
840:
826:
747:
741:
716:
709:
702:
688:
626:National Liberal
481:
474:
467:
456:
449:
442:
431:
424:
417:
401:
390:
361:
356:
353:
340:
325:
311:
273:
268:
263:
159:
111:
109:
73:
58:
39:
21:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4608:
4579:
4517:
4514:Independent (3)
4485:Future Movement
4479:Lebanese Forces
4464:
4461:Independent (5)
4426:Marada Movement
4373:
4359:
4348:Lebanese Forces
4342:Future Movement
4327:
4310:Marada Movement
4261:
4251:
4249:
4207:
4163:Frank Stoakes,
4160:
4158:Further reading
4095:(3rd ed. 2001).
4054:Denise Ammoun,
4051:
4046:
4029:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4003:
4001:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3976:
3975:on 25 June 2010
3967:
3966:
3962:
3952:
3950:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3928:
3924:
3915:
3911:
3899:Nathan Gonzalez
3897:
3893:
3879:
3875:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3833:on 11 June 2009
3825:
3824:
3820:
3816:(2000), p. 303.
3811:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3768:
3766:
3759:
3758:
3751:
3741:
3739:
3731:
3730:
3723:
3714:
3712:
3705:
3704:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3631:
3629:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3553:Washington Post
3546:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3528:on 16 June 2009
3520:
3519:
3515:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3490:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3443:
3439:
3420:
3416:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3340:
3336:
3327:
3323:
3319:(1996), p. 195.
3317:The Lebanon war
3314:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3294:on 27 July 2011
3282:
3281:
3277:
3273:(2001), p. 179.
3271:Pity the Nation
3268:
3264:
3255:
3251:
3242:
3238:
3229:
3225:
3221:(1991), p. 163.
3216:
3212:
3199:
3184:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3089:
3076:
3075:
3056:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3023:The Independent
3012:
3011:
3007:
2991:
2987:
2979:
2975:
2960:Mark Ensalaco,
2959:
2955:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2897:. 26 March 2021
2887:
2886:
2882:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2655:Politics portal
2653:
2646:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2617:
2614:
2586:
2583:
2555:
2552:
2525:
2522:
2500:
2497:
2476:
2473:
2452:
2449:
2428:
2425:
2405:
2402:
2382:
2379:
2359:
2356:
2336:
2333:
2313:
2310:
2290:
2287:
2267:
2264:
2229:
2180:
2070:(6,148 votes).
2062:(4,425 votes),
2058:(3,477 votes),
2016:
1993:censorship laws
1909:
1898:
1870:
1831:
1808:Lebanese Forces
1800:Future Movement
1784:
1772:Lebanese Forces
1756:
1648:Ain El Remmaneh
1634:, Chief of the
1621:
1599:(4,425 votes),
1595:(3,477 votes),
1537:
1485:
1476:Boutros Khawand
1468:
1438:
1407:Lebanese Forces
1368:
1353:
1340:
1319:
1314:
1308:in March 1976.
1195:Boutros Khawand
1116:
1110:
1063:Camille Chamoun
914:
818:
720:
679:
678:
649:
641:
640:
631:Marada Movement
606:Lebanese Forces
601:
593:
592:
563:
555:
554:
520:Camille Chamoun
515:Alfred Naqqache
495:
487:
486:
485:
484:
483:
482:
475:
468:
459:
458:
457:
450:
443:
434:
433:
432:
425:
418:
399:
384:
350:
326:
323:
312:
309:
296:Lebanese Forces
294:
271:
270:
266:
265:
261:
250:
225:
220:
215:
184:
180:
176:
160:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
107:
105:
71:
49:
48:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4750:
4748:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4692:Lebanese Front
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4634:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4550:Tahalof Watani
4547:
4544:Beirut Tuqawem
4541:
4535:
4528:
4526:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4475:
4473:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4398:
4396:
4386:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4370:PM's share (5)
4367:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4351:
4345:
4338:
4336:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4282:
4280:
4270:
4263:
4262:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4206:
4205:External links
4203:
4202:
4201:
4190:
4179:
4172:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4143:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4096:
4078:
4071:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4011:
3986:
3960:
3935:
3922:
3909:
3891:
3873:
3855:
3844:
3818:
3805:
3796:
3775:
3765:, 2 April 2022
3749:
3721:
3695:
3669:
3639:
3600:
3570:
3539:
3513:
3495:
3488:
3470:
3461:
3445:Kahan, Yitzhak
3437:
3414:
3408:Eugene Rogan.
3401:
3394:
3374:
3367:
3347:
3345:(1998), p. 29.
3334:
3321:
3305:
3275:
3262:
3249:
3247:(2004), p. 47.
3236:
3223:
3210:
3208:(2009), p. 38.
3182:
3180:(1988), p. 36.
3169:
3162:
3142:
3116:
3087:
3054:
3041:
3005:
2985:
2973:
2953:
2940:Lee Griffith,
2933:
2908:
2880:
2862:
2848:
2823:
2802:
2771:
2747:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2702:Najjadeh Party
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2658:
2644:
2641:Lebanon portal
2628:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:Mounir El Hajj
2487:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:Georges Saadeh
2463:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:Georges Saadeh
2439:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:Pierre Gemayel
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:Pierre Gemayel
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:Pierre Gemayel
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:Pierre Gemayel
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:Pierre Gemayel
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:Pierre Gemayel
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:Pierre Gemayel
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:Pierre Gemayel
2254:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:(2015–present)
2217:
2211:
2205:
2202:Mounir El Hajj
2199:
2196:Georges Saadeh
2193:
2187:
2184:Pierre Gemayel
2179:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2163:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2112:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2015:
2014:2022 elections
2012:
2004:Nazar Najarian
1977:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1930:
1908:
1905:
1897:
1894:
1886:Bachir Gemayel
1869:
1868:2009 elections
1866:
1847:Antoine Ghanem
1830:
1827:
1783:
1780:
1760:Georges Saadeh
1755:
1752:
1710:Bachir Gemayel
1679:Marada Brigade
1671:Tigers militia
1628:Pierre Gemayel
1620:
1617:
1549:Port of Beirut
1541:Nazar Najarian
1536:
1533:
1521:Antoine Ghanem
1484:
1481:
1467:
1464:
1437:
1434:
1415:Bachir Gemayel
1375:Pierre Gemayel
1367:
1364:
1360:Pierre Gemayel
1352:
1349:
1339:
1336:
1323:French mandate
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1258:(TTC) and the
1248:Tigers Militia
1167:Special Forces
1136:1958 civil war
1124:Pierre Gemayel
1112:Main article:
1109:
1106:
998:French Mandate
946:Fascist salute
918:Pierre Gemayel
913:
910:
817:
814:
796:, was elected
766:Pierre Gemayel
722:
721:
719:
718:
711:
704:
696:
693:
692:
690:Lebanon portal
681:
680:
677:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
650:
647:
646:
643:
642:
639:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
535:Bachir Gemayel
532:
530:Pierre Gemayel
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
496:
493:
492:
489:
488:
476:
469:
462:
461:
460:
451:
444:
437:
436:
435:
426:
419:
412:
411:
410:
409:
408:
407:
404:
403:
395:
394:
386:
385:
383:
382:
377:
372:
366:
363:
362:
347:
346:
342:
341:
333:
332:
328:
327:
322:
320:
314:
313:
308:
306:
300:
299:
288:
284:
283:
280:
276:
275:
259:
255:
254:
245:
241:
240:
234:
228:
227:
217:Lebanese Front
209:
205:
204:
197:
193:
192:
171:
165:
164:
157:Anti-communism
129:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
102:
98:
97:
95:Pierre Gemayel
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
74:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
51:
50:
43:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4749:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4712:Phoenicianism
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4513:
4510:
4509:Islamic group
4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4408:Amal Movement
4406:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4286:Amal Movement
4284:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4255:
4246:
4241:
4239:
4234:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4126:Jean Sarkis,
4125:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4094:
4093:0-19-280130-9
4090:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4040:
4034:
4026:
4022:
4015:
4012:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3961:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3852:Amine Gemayel
3848:
3845:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3710:
3709:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3604:
3601:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3540:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3449:Barak, Aharon
3446:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3378:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3332:(1979), p. 6.
3331:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3200:Tony Badran,
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3165:
3163:9780815651949
3159:
3155:
3154:
3146:
3143:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3117:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3002:1-86064-715-4
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2970:0-8122-4046-4
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:0-8028-2860-4
2947:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2818:en.kataeb.org
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2659:
2656:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2631:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:Amine Gemayel
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2214:Amine Gemayel
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:Elias Hankash
2065:
2061:
2060:Nadim Gemayel
2057:
2052:
2050:
2049:Nadim Gemayel
2044:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1987:, abolishing
1986:
1985:homosexuality
1981:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1748:Lebanese Army
1745:
1744:Amine Gemayel
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1722:Amine Gemayel
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:Tel el-Zaatar
1649:
1644:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1609:Jean Talozian
1606:
1605:Elias Hankash
1602:
1598:
1597:Nadim Gemayel
1594:
1590:
1589:Nadim Gemayel
1584:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1529:Amine Gemayel
1526:
1522:
1519:blow when MP
1516:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1306:Mount Lebanon
1303:
1302:al-Murabitoun
1299:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1067:National Bloc
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:Helf Alliance
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
989:
987:
983:
982:Chafic Nassif
979:
975:
974:Charles Helou
969:
966:
962:
956:
954:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
911:
909:
907:
899:
895:
894:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
863:
852:
848:
846:
835:
831:
827:
825:
815:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
782:collaborating
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
756:
752:
748:
746:
737:
733:
729:
717:
712:
710:
705:
703:
698:
697:
695:
694:
691:
687:
683:
682:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
645:
644:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
611:National Bloc
609:
607:
604:
603:
597:
596:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
559:
558:
551:
550:Gebran Bassil
548:
546:
543:
541:
540:Amine Gemayel
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
491:
490:
480:
473:
466:
455:
448:
441:
430:
423:
416:
406:
405:
402:
396:
392:
391:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
364:
360:
355:
348:
343:
339:
334:
329:
321:
319:
315:
307:
305:
301:
297:
292:
289:
287:Military wing
285:
281:
277:
260:
256:
253:
249:
246:
242:
238:
235:
233:
229:
223:
218:
213:
212:Helf Alliance
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
170:
166:
163:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
128:
124:
121:
120:Saifi, Beirut
118:
114:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
75:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4642:Kataeb Party
4568:Osos Lebanon
4491:Kataeb Party
4490:
4438:Ba'ath Party
4197:
4193:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4164:
4146:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4100:The Gemayels
4099:
4084:
4074:
4073:Rex Brynen,
4055:
4024:
4014:
4002:. Retrieved
3998:
3989:
3977:. Retrieved
3973:the original
3963:
3951:. Retrieved
3947:
3938:
3930:
3925:
3918:The Gemayels
3917:
3912:
3903:
3894:
3885:
3881:Yossi Alpher
3876:
3867:
3858:
3847:
3835:. Retrieved
3831:the original
3821:
3813:
3808:
3799:
3790:
3767:, retrieved
3761:
3740:. Retrieved
3736:
3713:, retrieved
3707:
3686:. Retrieved
3682:the original
3672:
3660:. Retrieved
3651:
3642:
3630:. Retrieved
3613:
3603:
3591:. Retrieved
3582:
3573:
3561:. Retrieved
3552:
3542:
3530:. Retrieved
3526:the original
3516:
3507:
3498:
3479:
3473:
3464:
3456:
3440:
3417:
3409:
3404:
3384:
3377:
3357:
3350:
3342:
3341:O'Ballance,
3337:
3329:
3324:
3316:
3296:. Retrieved
3292:the original
3287:
3278:
3270:
3265:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3239:
3232:The Gemayels
3231:
3226:
3218:
3213:
3205:
3201:
3178:The Gemayels
3177:
3172:
3152:
3145:
3133:. Retrieved
3129:
3119:
3107:. Retrieved
3103:the original
3082:the original
3049:
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3028:the original
3021:
3014:Fisk, Robert
3008:
2988:
2976:
2956:
2936:
2924:. Retrieved
2920:
2911:
2899:. Retrieved
2892:
2883:
2875:Kataeb Party
2874:
2865:
2851:
2839:. Retrieved
2835:
2826:
2817:
2793:. Retrieved
2788:
2784:
2774:
2763:
2738:. Retrieved
2734:
2725:
2687:William Hawi
2682:Qaa massacre
2602:Samy Gemayel
2571:Samy Gemayel
2240:Vote %
2220:Samy Gemayel
2190:Elie Karameh
2064:Sami Gemayel
2056:Salim Sayegh
2053:
2046:
2041:
2024:Samy Gemayel
2019:
2017:
2001:
1982:
1978:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1899:
1883:
1872:In the 2009
1871:
1862:Samy Gemayel
1859:
1844:
1832:
1823:Samy Gemayel
1821:
1813:
1788:Rafik Hariri
1785:
1776:
1768:Samir Geagea
1757:
1741:
1729:Elie Hobeika
1726:
1712:was elected
1707:
1699:
1664:
1656:Bus Massacre
1645:
1641:
1632:William Hawi
1615:with Nadim.
1601:Sami Gemayel
1593:Salim Sayegh
1586:
1581:
1564:Samy Gemayel
1559:
1553:
1538:
1535:2020–present
1517:
1509:
1497:Amin Gemayel
1494:
1473:
1469:
1460:Elie Hobeika
1452:
1443:
1439:
1430:Rafael Eitan
1426:the invasion
1419:
1411:
1399:
1384:
1379:William Hawi
1358:
1354:
1345:
1341:
1329:
1327:
1320:
1291:
1284:
1237:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1202:
1188:
1175:
1164:
1151:
1144:
1128:William Hawi
1117:
1087:
1071:Raymond Eddé
1048:
1033:
1018:
996:against the
993:pan-Arabists
990:
971:
958:
950:
942:brown shirts
938:Nazi Germany
924:and Italian
915:
905:
891:
879:
871:
859:
850:
842:
833:
821:
819:
802:assassinated
770:paramilitary
750:
742:
731:
728:Kataeb Party
727:
725:
620:
500:Samir Geagea
201:Christianity
181:
178:Centre-right
173:
148:
116:Headquarters
85:Samy Gemayel
76:Serge Dagher
63:Abbreviation
36:
4584:Others (10)
4556:Khatt Ahmar
4456:Union Party
4081:Robert Fisk
3929:Menargues,
3742:22 February
3715:22 February
3468:Kahan. p.10
3453:Efrat, Yona
3256:Traboulsi,
3243:Menargues,
2669:Iran portal
2246:Government
2216:(2007–2015)
2210:(2001–2007)
2204:(1998–2001)
2198:(1986–1998)
2192:(1984–1986)
2186:(1936–1984)
2047:On 2 April
2032:Michel Aoun
2020:Ma minsawim
1991:, removing
1965:(2006) and
1890:Saad Hariri
1855:Michel Aoun
1587:On 2 April
1572:Michel Aoun
1560:Ma minsawim
1554:During the
1312:Main events
1285:During the
1254:(GoC), the
1160:East Beirut
1158:quarter in
1083:Palestinian
1040:1958 crisis
1021:personalist
953:Robert Fisk
832:and either
780:as well as
764:founded by
545:Michel Aoun
298:(1980–1985)
293:(1961–1980)
224:(2005–2016)
219:(1976–1986)
214:(1968–1969)
182:Historical:
149:Historical:
4636:Categories
4364:Others (5)
3999:Kataeb.org
3948:Kataeb.org
3812:El-Kazen,
3737:Kataeb.org
2926:17 January
2735:kataeb.org
2718:References
1934:neutrality
1929:territory.
755:right-wing
505:Émile Eddé
331:Party flag
186:Right-wing
108:1936-11-05
4574:ReLebanon
4432:Al-Ahbash
4414:Hezbollah
4292:Hezbollah
4267:Ministers
3622:0362-4331
3547:Liz Sly.
3315:Abraham,
3217:Saghieh,
3135:16 August
2894:IMLebanon
2841:26 August
2832:"Parties"
2740:12 August
2234:Election
2171:Maronite
2167:Kesserwan
2148:Maronite
2125:Maronite
2102:Maronite
2099:Beirut 1
2079:District
2043:seaports.
2028:Hezbollah
1948:Hezbollah
1879:Hezbollah
1860:In 2007,
1675:Al-Tanzim
1583:seaports.
1568:Hezbollah
1483:2000–2010
1466:1989–2000
1436:1982–1988
1366:1970–1982
1351:1958–1969
1338:1943–1958
1317:1936–1943
1264:Karantina
1244:Al-Tanzim
1176:Maghaweer
1156:Ashrafieh
1090:Maronites
1055:Christian
888:battalion
798:President
758:Christian
751:Phalanges
669:Al-Tanzim
380:Elections
190:far-right
153:Falangism
81:President
32:Falangism
4532:Taqaddom
4033:cite web
3953:28 March
3916:Gordon,
3837:28 April
3688:8 August
3662:5 August
3656:Archived
3632:5 August
3626:Archived
3593:5 August
3587:Archived
3563:5 August
3557:Archived
3230:Gordon,
3176:Gordon,
3130:Le Monde
3109:28 April
3034:10 April
2901:27 March
2765:Newsweek
2627:See also
1961:(2006),
1957:(2004),
1613:Beirut I
1142:region.
932:held in
648:Militias
573:Frangieh
562:Families
196:Religion
174:Current:
127:Ideology
3769:2 April
3652:news.am
3532:8 April
3455:(1983)
2836:IDC-CDI
2795:15 June
2615:4 / 128
2584:3 / 128
2553:5 / 128
2523:3 / 128
2498:3 / 128
2474:0 / 128
2450:0 / 128
2426:7 / 100
2237:Leader
2036:Lebanon
1969:(2007).
1837:, with
1716:by the
1576:Lebanon
1501:Bikfaya
1403:in 1978
1331:Al Amal
1278:in the
1229:" (VDL)
1182:in the
1180:Bsharri
1120:Lebanon
1094:Shiites
1075:militia
1036:Lebanon
936:, then
926:Fascist
922:Falange
912:Origins
893:Falange
884:phalanx
874:is the
794:militia
762:Lebanon
753:, is a
600:Parties
578:Gemayel
568:Chamoun
345:Website
310:4 / 128
258:Colours
199:Mostly
106: (
101:Founded
91:Founder
4187:French
4151:French
4140:French
4134:
4106:
4091:
4068:French
4062:
4004:19 May
3979:4 June
3620:
3486:
3432:
3392:
3365:
3298:6 June
3269:Fisk,
3160:
3000:
2968:
2948:
2610:1.86%
2579:1.82%
2518:1.56%
2403:9 / 99
2380:4 / 99
2357:6 / 99
2334:2 / 66
2311:1 / 44
2288:3 / 77
2265:0 / 55
2243:Seats
1811:2005.
1636:Kataeb
1276:Dbayeh
1246:, NLP
1233:French
1217:Arabic
1199:French
1172:Arabic
1148:Arabic
1100:, and
1077:, the
1065:, and
1014:Family
1010:Nation
965:Nazism
934:Berlin
898:Arabic
880:Katiba
876:plural
872:Kataeb
868:Arabic
834:Kataeb
830:French
790:Bachir
786:Israel
736:Arabic
664:Tigers
621:Kataeb
588:Moawad
583:Khazen
494:People
352:kataeb
324:0 / 20
279:Slogan
272:
267:
262:
66:Kataeb
18:Kataeb
4385:(128)
2082:Sect
2076:Name
1223:) or
1209:Hamat
1191:fiefs
1098:Druze
1004:was "
1002:motto
968:else.
866:) in
849:) or
816:Names
806:Amine
784:with
269:White
264:Green
4562:Lana
4525:(13)
4481:(19)
4472:(38)
4416:(13)
4410:(14)
4404:(17)
4395:(60)
4279:(16)
4269:(24)
4138:(in
4132:ISBN
4104:ISBN
4089:ISBN
4066:(in
4060:ISBN
4039:link
4006:2018
3981:2010
3955:2018
3839:2009
3771:2022
3744:2022
3717:2022
3690:2020
3664:2020
3634:2020
3618:ISSN
3595:2020
3565:2020
3534:2022
3484:ISBN
3430:ISBN
3390:ISBN
3363:ISBN
3300:2022
3158:ISBN
3137:2024
3111:2009
3036:2009
2998:ISBN
2966:ISBN
2946:ISBN
2928:2022
2903:2021
2843:2024
2797:2012
2742:2024
2620:TBD
2606:Metn
2604:for
2597:2022
2575:Metn
2573:for
2566:2018
2545:Metn
2543:for
2536:2009
2509:2005
2485:2000
2461:1996
2437:1992
2413:1972
2390:1968
2367:1964
2344:1960
2321:1957
2298:1953
2275:1951
2252:1947
2144:Metn
2121:Metn
1967:1757
1963:1701
1959:1680
1955:1559
1630:and
1453:The
1377:and
1280:Metn
1140:Metn
1130:, a
1126:and
1102:Jews
1012:and
726:The
354:.org
4605:(1)
4599:(1)
4593:(8)
4576:(1)
4570:(1)
4564:(1)
4558:(1)
4552:(1)
4546:(1)
4540:(1)
4534:(2)
4511:(1)
4505:(1)
4499:(2)
4493:(4)
4487:(8)
4458:(1)
4452:(1)
4446:(1)
4440:(1)
4434:(2)
4428:(2)
4422:(3)
4356:(1)
4350:(0)
4344:(2)
4335:(3)
4324:(1)
4318:(1)
4312:(2)
4306:(1)
4300:(6)
4294:(2)
4288:(3)
4025:CNN
3791:961
3204:in
2791:(1)
1853:of
1770:'s
1231:in
1069:of
1016:."
1006:God
908:).
878:of
828:in
188:to
4638::
4196:,
4167:,
4153:).
4142:).
4083:,
4070:).
4035:}}
4031:{{
4023:.
3997:.
3946:.
3901:,
3883:,
3865:,
3789:.
3778:^
3752:^
3735:.
3724:^
3698:^
3654:.
3650:.
3624:.
3616:.
3612:.
3585:.
3581:.
3555:.
3551:.
3506:.
3451:,
3447:,
3424:,
3308:^
3286:.
3185:^
3128:.
3090:^
3057:^
3020:.
2919:.
2891:.
2873:.
2834:.
2816:.
2805:^
2787:.
2783:.
2762:.
2750:^
2733:.
2010:.
1806:,
1802:,
1739:.
1697:.
1689:,
1685:,
1681:,
1677:,
1673:,
1662:.
1282:.
1250:,
1242:,
1219::
1174::
1150::
1104:.
1096:,
1046:.
1008:,
980:,
948:.
904:,
900::
886:("
870:.
812:.
738::
4244:e
4237:t
4230:v
4189:)
4041:)
4027:.
4008:.
3983:.
3957:.
3841:.
3746:.
3692:.
3666:.
3636:.
3597:.
3567:.
3536:.
3492:.
3398:.
3371:.
3302:.
3166:.
3139:.
3113:.
3038:.
2930:.
2905:.
2877:.
2845:.
2799:.
2789:4
2768:.
2744:.
1940:.
1225:"
1215:(
1170:(
1146:(
853:(
836:(
734:(
715:e
708:t
701:v
110:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
