102:
1850:
4748:
4760:
128:
4786:
4772:
27:
2135:
6. Hence the raga's melakarta number is 65 (56 reversed). 65 is greater than 36. So MechaKalyani has Ma2. Since the raga's number is greater than 36 subtract 36 from it. 65–36=29. 28 (1 less than 29) divided by 6: quotient=4, remainder=4. Ri2 Ga3 occurs. Da2 Ni3 occurs. So MechaKalyani has the notes
1884:
The other notes are derived by noting the (integral part of the) quotient and remainder when one less than the melakarta number is divided by 6. If the melakarta number is greater than 36, subtract 36 from the melakarta number before performing this
4494:
887:. Assigning more than one letter to one numeral and nullifying certain other letters as valueless, this system provides the flexibility in forming meaningful words out of numbers which can be easily remembered.
4554:
4529:
4378:
3074:
3014:
4444:
4439:
3099:
4181:
4524:
4509:
4348:
4143:
4549:
2229:
2209:
2189:
2169:
2133:
2113:
2074:
2054:
73:
4827:
1463:
for numbering, traditionally written in increasing place values from left to right. This is as per the rule "अङ्कानां वामतो गतिः" which means numbers go from right to left.
3693:
2711:
2649:
4732:
4569:
4499:
4398:
854:
4574:
4559:
4474:
1125:
Explanation: The assignment of letters to the numerals are as per the following arrangement (In
Devanagari, Kannada, Telugu & Malayalam scripts respectively)
4489:
4484:
3389:
4544:
4539:
4464:
4174:
4123:
2757:
3910:
2998:
2789:
2517:
4764:
4459:
4338:
4085:
826:
2076:
2, hence the raga's melakarta number is 29 (92 reversed). 29 less than 36, hence
Dheerasankarabharanam has Ma1. Divide 28 (1 less than 29) by 6, the
4564:
4534:
4424:
4138:
928:
In some astronomical texts popular in Kerala planetary positions were encoded in the Kaṭapayādi system. The first such work is considered to be the
4519:
4429:
2989:
546:
2862:
4726:
4469:
4167:
4148:
2804:
4237:
4454:
4434:
4393:
2620:
1513:
4363:
2080:
is 4 and the remainder 4. Therefore, this raga has Ri2, Ga3 (quotient is 4) and Da2, Ni3 (remainder is 4). Therefore, this raga's scale is
4504:
3663:
2849:
1868:
of the
Carnatic music are named so that the first two syllables of the name will give its number. This system is sometimes called the
379:
4133:
3643:
2960:
115:
4302:
3094:
4514:
4449:
4388:
4333:
3382:
1395:
Consonants have numerals assigned as per the above table. For example, ba (ब) is always 3 whereas 5 can be represented by either
1004:
3883:
3733:
2863:"Lilavati, gracious lady of arithmetic - India - A Mathematical Mystery Tour | UNESCO Courier | Find Articles at BNET"
1460:
170:
4403:
4358:
1841:
Traditionally, the order of digits are reversed to form the number, in katapayadi system. This rule is violated in this sloka.
4776:
4328:
4282:
4118:
3487:
2294:
613:
3527:
3406:
3274:
819:
394:
4408:
4108:
2542:
864:
739:
965:
749:
4822:
4383:
4128:
4113:
3375:
3029:
2982:
2606:
566:
3623:
2612:
1499:
1478:
626:
1835:
This verse directly yields the decimal equivalent of pi divided by 10: pi/10 = 0.31415926535897932384626433832792
1603:
1597:
4752:
4635:
4343:
3991:
3956:
3633:
2687:
1484:
Late medieval practitioners do not map the stand-alone vowels to zero. But, it is sometimes considered valueless.
952:
722:
491:
4812:
4665:
4645:
4323:
3923:
3638:
2963:
2764:
2686:
Sreeramamula
Rajeswara Sarma (1999), Kaṭapayādi Notation on a Sanskrit Astrolabe. Ind. J. Hist. Sc.34(4) (1999)
812:
139:
52:
4479:
4368:
4277:
4267:
4049:
3931:
3522:
3284:
3069:
3024:
2522:
1869:
802:
586:
183:
1520:
4605:
4090:
4070:
3997:
3810:
3089:
2975:
2030:
486:
402:
69:
2350:
This number is the time at which the work was completed represented as number of days since the start of
4706:
3927:
3919:
3421:
3313:
2822:
2527:
2297:, ends with the line, āyurārogyasaukhyam (ആയുരാരോഗ്യസൌഖ്യം) which means long-life, health and happiness.
604:
4242:
3852:
3775:
3512:
3243:
3059:
2923:
2866:
2214:
2194:
2174:
2154:
2118:
2098:
2059:
2039:
1122:
consonant, the last of the consonants alone will count. A consonant without a vowel is to be ignored.
4640:
4009:
3720:
3688:
2955:
A.A. Hattangadi, Explorations in
Mathematics, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad (2001)
2860:
Francis
Zimmerman, 1989, Lilavati, gracious lady of arithmetic – India – A Mathematical Mystery Tour
2497:
1477:, ḷ (Malayālam: ള, Devanāgarī: ळ, Kannada: ಳ) is employed in works using the Kaṭapayādi system, like
699:
560:
553:
434:
2811:
4287:
4227:
4075:
4044:
3968:
3838:
3668:
3613:
3608:
3562:
3146:
3079:
3044:
2502:
1849:
940:. Therefore, sometime in the early first millennium is a reasonable estimate for the origin of the
781:
646:
597:
409:
341:
196:
157:
4817:
4711:
4660:
4373:
4222:
3577:
3398:
3104:
3064:
3019:
2940:
2731:
2723:
2669:
2661:
2537:
2380:
2355:
2264:
2145:
694:
447:
284:
279:
226:
4015:
2583:
4670:
4595:
4202:
4080:
3962:
3782:
3557:
3552:
3426:
2956:
2783:
2616:
1453:
868:
776:
766:
734:
689:
684:
620:
452:
424:
331:
264:
254:
241:
206:
201:
3761:
2967:
2911:
2571:
4625:
4620:
4610:
3796:
3678:
3648:
3618:
3532:
3119:
2715:
2653:
917:
679:
573:
326:
314:
259:
249:
216:
191:
1876:'Sa' and 'Pa' are fixed, and here is how to get the other swaras from the melakarta number.
4685:
4675:
4650:
4615:
4003:
3950:
3878:
3824:
3673:
3542:
2835:
1425:
In case of a conjunct, consonants attached to a non-vowel will be valueless. For example,
791:
761:
704:
674:
659:
419:
387:
359:
336:
319:
178:
109:
3789:
3582:
3502:
3431:
3039:
771:
4716:
4655:
4630:
4307:
4272:
4262:
4252:
3974:
3894:
3831:
3754:
3740:
3658:
3653:
3587:
3482:
3279:
3233:
3205:
3199:
3194:
3114:
3109:
2512:
2487:
2417:
Translation: Milk is best for breakfast, when it is morning, it should be stirred. But
2191:
2089:
1808:
Reversing the digits to modern-day usage of descending order of decimal places, we get
1042:
884:
786:
729:
709:
664:
537:
269:
236:
221:
147:
3441:
2890:
4806:
4600:
4247:
4054:
3986:
3915:
3817:
3477:
3343:
3259:
3217:
3181:
3049:
2735:
2673:
2375:
The following verse compiled in
Malayalam by Koduṅṅallur Kuññikkuṭṭan Taṃpurān using
1506:
957:
592:
481:
414:
354:
289:
231:
211:
78:
42:
3567:
4790:
4721:
4690:
4297:
4292:
4207:
4021:
3859:
3803:
3747:
3547:
3472:
3222:
3189:
3129:
3084:
2492:
2251:
system. These dates are generally represented as number of days since the start of
1046:
744:
669:
62:
4680:
4159:
4027:
3980:
3768:
3714:
3497:
3451:
3325:
3319:
2748:
2290:
996:
981:
714:
579:
531:
521:
4590:
4212:
3726:
3683:
3537:
3517:
3492:
3355:
3264:
3158:
2719:
2657:
2316:
2272:
1510:
1022:
937:
922:
908:
846:
516:
274:
2755:(Indian National Academy of Science, New Delhi) 36 (3–4 (Supplement)): 1–58.
2231:
5 giving the number 57. So it is believed that the name should be written as
4353:
4232:
3845:
3507:
3467:
3337:
3307:
3238:
3054:
2532:
2351:
2305:
2284:
2252:
1862:
1853:
1474:
1099:
992:
947:
904:
526:
127:
2586:. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland
1816:(π) to 17 decimal places, except the last digit might be rounded off to 4.
4217:
3628:
3592:
3572:
3349:
3331:
3289:
3124:
3034:
2507:
2077:
1119:
1095:
1008:
989:
119:
2727:
2665:
1516:
employs the Kaṭapayādi system to list the trigonometric sines of angles.
3446:
1881:
Melakartas 1 through 36 have Ma1 and those from 37 through 72 have Ma2.
858:
511:
496:
4495:
Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram
2421:
says there is no milk – the number of days of
English months in order.
3436:
3367:
2887:
Dr. C Krishnan Namboodiri, Chekrakal Illam, Calicut, Namboothiti.com
2704:
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
2642:
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
1503:
1087:
985:
876:
872:
501:
2699:
2637:
956:, is known to have used a similar, more complex system to represent
2271:(Malayalam: കൊല്ലവര്ഷം) was adopted in Kerala beginning from 825
2021:
1873:
1865:
1832:ಗೋಪೀಭಾಗ್ಯಮಧುವ್ರಾತ-ಶೃಂಗಿಶೋದಧಿಸಂಧಿಗ || ಖಲಜೀವಿತಖಾತಾವ ಗಲಹಾಲಾರಸಂಧರ ||
1030:
880:
861:
506:
468:
429:
122:, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.
4555:
Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology
1838:గోపీభాగ్యమధువ్రాత-శృంగిశోదధిసంధిగ | ఖలజీవితఖాతావ గలహాలారసంధర ||
3694:
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize recipients in Mathematical Science
2327:
1829:गोपीभाग्यमधुव्रात-शृङ्गिशोदधिसन्धिग॥ खलजीवितखाताव गलहालारसंधर॥
1601:
uses the Kaṭapayādi system. The first verse of Chapter 4 of the
1091:
1019:
988:. Not much is known about its use in North India. However, on a
4530:
National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
4163:
3371:
2971:
2805:"The Ancient Katapayadi Formula and the Modern Hashing Method"
20:
4379:
Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment
2566:
SYSTEM OF NUMERICAL NOTATION AND ITS SPREAD OUTSIDE KERALA,
1626:(syād) bhadrāmbudhisiddhajanmagaṇitaśraddhā sma yad bhūpagīḥ
1822:
1813:
1529:
1003:
system. It is preserved in the Sarasvati Bhavan Library of
3895:
Infinite series expansions for the trigonometric functions
2638:"The Ka-ta-pa-ya-di Notation of the Second Arya-Siddhanta"
3889:
2247:
Important dates were remembered by converting them using
4445:
Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali
4440:
Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre
2300:
2275:, revamping some calendars. This date is remembered as
1636:
1613:(स्याद्) भद्राम्बुधिसिद्धजन्मगणितश्रद्धा स्म यद् भूपगी:
1127:
4525:
Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies, Tiruvalla
4510:
Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute
4349:
Centre of Science and Technology for Rural Development
1633:
Splitting the consonants in the relevant phrase gives,
936:, who is traditionally assigned to the fourth century
4550:
Oriental Research Institute & Manuscripts Library
4144:
Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics
2217:
2197:
2177:
2157:
2121:
2101:
2062:
2042:
1582:
It gives the circumference of a circle of diameter,
4699:
4583:
4417:
4316:
4195:
4099:
4063:
4037:
3941:
3903:
3869:
3706:
3601:
3460:
3414:
3405:
3298:
3252:
3138:
3005:
1069:
miśre tūpāntyahal sankhyā na cha chintyo halasvaraḥ
2712:Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
2650:Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
2223:
2203:
2183:
2163:
2127:
2107:
2068:
2048:
4733:A History of the Kerala School of Hindu Astronomy
1524:, written in the 15th century, has the following
1441:(अ). The only consonant standing with a vowel is
1056:मिश्रे तूपान्त्यहल् संख्या न च चिन्त्यो हलस्वर:॥
68:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
4570:Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute
4500:Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology
4475:Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology
4399:Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi
999:, the degrees of the altitude are marked in the
4575:Vadakke Madham Brahmaswam Vedic Research Centre
4560:Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Basic Sciences
2392:ഇല്ലാ പാലെന്നു ഗോപാലന് – ആംഗ്ലമാസദിനം ക്രമാല്
2151:As per the above calculation, we should get Sa
960:. There is no definitive evidence whether the
4175:
3383:
2983:
2700:"The Katapayadi System of Expressing Numbers"
2582:J J O'Connor; E F Robertson (November 2000).
1953:'Da' and 'Ni' positions: the raga will have:
1888:'Ri' and 'Ga' positions: the raga will have:
1065:nanyāvachaścha śūnyāni sankhyāḥ kaṭapayādayaḥ
820:
8:
4490:Institute of Handloom and Textile Technology
4485:Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre
2410:illā pālennu gopālan – āṃgḷamāsadinaṃ kramāl
895:The oldest available evidence of the use of
4545:Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory
4540:National Research Institute for Panchakarma
4465:Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
16:Ancient Indian alphasyllabic numeral system
4828:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
4182:
4168:
4160:
3911:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
3411:
3390:
3376:
3368:
2999:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
2990:
2976:
2968:
2912:Visti Larsen, Choosing the auspicious name
2751:(2001). "Sadratnamala of Sankara Varman".
2518:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
2405:palahāre pālu nallū, pularnnālo kalakkilāṃ
827:
813:
163:
134:
4460:Central Institute of Fisheries Technology
4339:Centre for Mathematical Sciences (Kerala)
2389:പലഹാരേ പാലു നല്ലൂ, പുലര്ന്നാലോ കലക്കിലാം
2216:
2196:
2176:
2156:
2120:
2100:
2061:
2041:
4565:St. Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute
4535:National Institute of Speech and Hearing
4425:Agricultural Research Station, Anakkayam
4139:Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education
2309:
2303:
1848:
126:
4520:Kerala School of Mathematics, Kozhikode
4430:Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy
2555:
2379:is the number of days in the months of
146:
4727:Technology Business Incubator TBI-NITC
4470:Central Tuber Crops Research Institute
2944:a Kaṭapayādi encoding-decoding system.
2831:
2820:
2788:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2781:
1547:വ്യാസസ്തദര്ദ്ധം ത്രിഭമൗര്വിക സ്യാത്
1445:(य). So the corresponding numeral for
1050:explains the mechanism of the system.
1018:system is not confined to India. Some
4455:Cashew Research Station, Madakkathara
4435:Agronomic Research Station, Chalakudy
4394:Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
3340:(Mahishamangalam Sankaran Namputhiri)
2283:into 1434160 days since the start of
7:
4364:Kerala Science and Technology Museum
2753:Indian Journal of History of Science
2036:The katapayadi scheme associates dha
1576:vyāsastadarddhaṃ tribhamaurvika syāt
1452:There is no way of representing the
4771:
4505:Indian Institute of Spices Research
3664:Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai
1054:नञावचश्च शून्यानि संख्या: कटपयादय:।
976:Almost all evidences of the use of
899:(Sanskrit: कटपयादि) system is from
4124:Institute of Mathematical Sciences
2562:Sreeramamula Rajeswara Sarma, THE
2424:Converting pairs of letters using
58:for transliterated languages, and
38:of its non-English content, using
14:
4134:Harish-Chandra Research Institute
3644:K. R. Parthasarathy (probabilist)
3075:Mazhamaṅgalaṃ Nārāyaṇan Naṃpūtiri
1821:This verse encrypts the value of
4784:
4770:
4759:
4758:
4747:
4746:
4515:Kerala Forest Research Institute
4450:Banana Research Station, Kannara
4389:Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre
4334:Centre for Earth Science Studies
2224:{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }
2204:{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }
2184:{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }
2164:{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }
2128:{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }
2108:{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }
2069:{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }
2049:{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }
1005:Sampurnanand Sanskrit University
100:
25:
4404:Rice Research Station, Moncombu
4359:Kerala Mathematical Association
2891:""Katapayaadi" or "Paralpperu""
1588:caṇḍāṃśucandrādhamakuṃbhipālair
1570:caṇḍāṃśucandrādhamakuṃbhipālair
1029:system have been discovered in
4329:Centre for Development Studies
4283:Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri
4119:Chennai Mathematical Institute
3488:Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri
2568:Rev. d'Histoire de Mathmatique
2295:Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri
2218:
2198:
2178:
2158:
2122:
2102:
2063:
2043:
2024:for details on above notation.
1856:chart as per Kaṭapayādi system
1544:ചണ്ഡാംശുചന്ദ്രാധമകുംഭിപാലൈര്-
972:Geographical spread of the use
857:) of numerical notation is an
74:multilingual support templates
1:
4238:Jyā, koti-jyā and utkrama-jyā
4190:Scientific Research in Kerala
4409:Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
4109:Indian Statistical Institute
3204:Laghuvivṛti (commentary on
2893:. Namboothiri Websites Trust
2543:Alphasyllabic numeral system
2138:Sa Ri2 Ga3 Ma2 Pa Da2 Ni3 SA
2082:Sa Ri2 Ga3 Ma1 Pa Da2 Ni3 SA
1825:(π) up to 31 decimal places.
1565:ssmāhatāścakra kalāvibhaktoḥ
1502:constructed by 14th century
1414:All stand-alone vowels like
865:alphasyllabic numeral system
4384:Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kannur
4344:Centre for Rural Management
4129:Indian Institute of Science
4114:Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana
3992:A. A. Krishnaswamy Ayyangar
3957:Shankar Balakrishna Dikshit
3884:Hindu–Arabic numeral system
3326:Mahodayapuram (Kodungallur)
3115:Śaṅkara Varma of Kaṭattanāṭ
2889:Dr. C Krishnan Namboodiri.
1461:Hindu–Arabic numeral system
4844:
3624:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
3346:(Nilakantha Somayaji, etc)
3316:(Govinda Bhattathiri, etc)
3275:Madhava's correction terms
2924:"The Principles of Naming"
2636:J. F. Fleet (April 1912).
2613:Princeton University Press
2372:system in naming newborns.
2095:From the coding scheme Ma
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
547:Non-standard radices/bases
131:KaTaPaYadi System – Values
4742:
4636:Matthew Pothen Thekaekara
3634:Veeravalli S. Varadarajan
3334:(Madhava of Sangamagrama)
3310:(Azhvanchery Thamprakkal)
3100:Śaṅkara of Mahiṣamaṅgalam
2720:10.1017/S0035869X00041952
2658:10.1017/S0035869X00043197
2255:. It is sometimes called
1584:anūnanūnnānananunnanityai
1560:anūnanūnnānananunnanityai
1541:സ്സമാഹതാശ്ചക്രകലാവിഭക്താഃ
1494:Mathematics and astronomy
1422:(ऋ) are assigned to zero.
1041:Following verse found in
913:Laghu·bhāskarīya·vivaraṇa
849:: कटपयादि, also known as
4666:T. A. Venkitasubramanian
4646:Pisharoth Rama Pisharoty
4324:C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
4050:Henry Thomas Colebrooke
3639:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
3352:(Putumana Somayaji, etc)
3090:Parameśvara of Vațaśśeri
2698:J.F. Fleet (July 1911).
2022:swaras in Carnatic music
1538:അനൂനനൂന്നാനനനുന്നനിത്യൈ-
1514:Mādhava of Saṅgama·grāma
875:for easy remembrance of
4480:College of Horticulture
4369:Kerala Science Congress
4268:Madhava of Sangamagrama
3523:Mādhava of Saṅgamagrāma
3070:Madhava of Sangamagrama
2243:Representation of dates
964:system originated from
803:List of numeral systems
120:question marks or boxes
4606:E. C. George Sudarshan
3299:Places associated with
3214:Mahābhāskarīya Bhāshya
2830:Cite journal requires
2414:
2395:
2235:(as in the case of Bra
2225:
2205:
2185:
2165:
2129:
2109:
2070:
2050:
1870:Ka-ta-pa-ya-di sankhya
1857:
1812:which is the value of
1630:
1616:
1579:
1550:
1072:
1058:
911:. It has been used in
132:
108:This article contains
4707:A Passage to Infinity
3734:Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta
3301:members of the school
3211:Madhyamanayanaprakara
3186:Jyotiśśāstra-saṃgraha
3178:Jātaka-sāara-saṃgraha
3175:Grahacāraṇinibandhana
3145:Aryabhatiya-bhashya (
3035:Dāmodara of Vațaśreņi
3025:Azhvāñceri Taṃprākkaḷ
2605:Plofker, Kim (2009).
2528:Mnemonic major system
2401:
2386:
2226:
2206:
2186:
2166:
2130:
2110:
2071:
2051:
2031:Dheerasankarabharanam
1852:
1622:
1610:
1556:
1535:
1102:group beginning with
1062:
1052:
171:Hindu–Arabic numerals
130:
4641:P. N. Vinayachandran
4278:Madhava's sine table
4010:T. A. Saraswati Amma
3721:Bakhshali manuscript
3689:Kannan Soundararajan
3350:Sivapuram (Thrissur)
3285:Madhava's sine table
2608:Mathematics in India
2523:Madhava's sine table
2498:Aryabhata numeration
2368:Some people use the
2215:
2195:
2175:
2155:
2119:
2099:
2060:
2040:
1948:if the quotient is 5
1938:if the quotient is 4
1928:if the quotient is 3
1918:if the quotient is 2
1908:if the quotient is 1
1898:if the quotient is 0
1586:(10,000,000,000) as
1500:Mādhava's sine table
1479:Mādhava's sine table
1429:(क्य) is formed by,
966:Āryabhaṭa numeration
958:astronomical numbers
700:Prehistoric counting
476:Common radices/bases
158:Place-value notation
72:. Knowledge (XXG)'s
36:specify the language
34:This article should
4288:Nilakantha Somayaji
4228:Govinda Bhattathiri
4086:Islamic mathematics
4045:Walter Eugene Clark
3839:Vasishtha Siddhanta
3811:Siddhānta Shiromani
3790:Paitamaha Siddhanta
3669:Tilak Raj Prabhakar
3614:Satyendra Nath Bose
3609:Srinivasa Ramanujan
3563:Nilakantha Somayaji
3147:Nīlakaņțha Sōmayāji
3080:Nīlakaņțha Sōmayāji
3045:Govinda Bhattathiri
2942:Kaṭapayādi Saṅkhyā,
2869:on 6 September 2009
2503:Bhutasamkhya system
2332:āyurārogyasaukhyam
1607:ends with the line:
1098:are represented by
1037:Rules and practices
901:Grahacāraṇibandhana
647:Sign-value notation
4823:Indian mathematics
4712:FORV Sagar Sampada
4661:Sainudeen Pattazhy
4374:Kerala Soil Museum
4223:Ganita-yukti-bhasa
3578:Gangesha Upadhyaya
3399:Indian mathematics
3065:Kochukrishnan Asan
3008:and mathematicians
2584:"Sankara Narayana"
2538:Temurah (Kabbalah)
2381:Gregorian Calendar
2356:Malayalam calendar
2321:आयुरारोग्यसौख्यम्
2279:, converted using
2265:Malayalam calendar
2239:ana in Sanskrit).
2233:Sihmendramadhyamam
2221:
2201:
2181:
2161:
2146:Simhendramadhyamam
2125:
2105:
2066:
2046:
1858:
1810:314159265358979324
950:, in his treatise
303:East Asian systems
133:
4800:
4799:
4700:Assorted articles
4671:Thanu Padmanabhan
4596:C. V. Subramanian
4258:Katapayadi system
4203:Achyuta Pisharati
4157:
4156:
3963:Sudhakara Dvivedi
3783:Paulisa Siddhanta
3702:
3701:
3558:Jagannatha Samrat
3553:Achyuta Pisharati
3365:
3364:
3328:(Sankaranarayana)
3270:Kaṭapayādi system
3265:Drigganita system
3152:Candrachayaganita
3105:Putumana Somayāji
2622:978-0-691-12067-6
2472:(ന്നു ഗോ) is 30,
2460:(ക്കിലാം) is 31,
2347:
2346:
2310:ആയുരാരോഗ്യസൌഖ്യം
2013:if remainder is 5
2003:if remainder is 4
1993:if remainder is 3
1983:if remainder is 2
1973:if remainder is 1
1963:if remainder is 0
1805:
1804:
1595:Śaṅkara·varman's
1528:for the value of
1459:Indians used the
1454:decimal separator
1392:
1391:
1060:Transliteration:
837:
836:
636:
635:
116:rendering support
96:
95:
76:may also be used.
4835:
4791:India portal
4789:
4788:
4787:
4774:
4773:
4762:
4761:
4750:
4749:
4626:K. Radhakrishnan
4621:K. R. Ramanathan
4611:G. Madhavan Nair
4196:Pre 19th Century
4184:
4177:
4170:
4161:
3797:Romaka Siddhanta
3679:Akshay Venkatesh
3649:M. S. Narasimhan
3619:P.C. Mahalanobis
3412:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3369:
3322:(Sankara Varman)
3227:Sidhhantadarpana
2992:
2985:
2978:
2969:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2865:. Archived from
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2818:
2817:on 16 June 2011.
2816:
2810:. Archived from
2809:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2787:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2763:. Archived from
2762:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2695:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2579:
2573:
2560:
2452:(ന്നാലോ) is 30,
2448:(പുലര്) is 31,
2301:
2277:āchārya vāgbhadā
2257:kalidina sankhya
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
1637:
1449:(क्य) will be 1.
1128:
918:Śaṅkara·nārāyaṇa
829:
822:
815:
618:
602:
584:
574:balanced ternary
571:
558:
164:
135:
104:
103:
91:
88:
82:
67:
61:
57:
51:
47:
41:
29:
28:
21:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4813:Numeral systems
4803:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4785:
4783:
4738:
4695:
4686:Varghese Mathai
4676:Thomas Zacharia
4651:Pulickel Ajayan
4616:George Varghese
4579:
4413:
4312:
4303:Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa
4191:
4188:
4158:
4153:
4101:
4095:
4059:
4033:
4004:C. T. Rajagopal
3951:Bapudeva Sastri
3943:
3937:
3899:
3879:Brahmi numerals
3871:
3865:
3825:Surya Siddhanta
3698:
3674:Manjul Bhargava
3597:
3456:
3401:
3396:
3366:
3361:
3300:
3294:
3290:Parahita system
3253:Concepts/Topics
3248:
3134:
3110:Śankara Vāriyar
3095:Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa
3020:Acyuta Piṣāraṭi
3015:(Complete list)
3007:
3001:
2996:
2952:
2950:Further reading
2937:
2932:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2829:
2819:
2814:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2780:
2773:
2771:
2770:on 2 April 2015
2767:
2760:
2758:"Archived copy"
2756:
2747:
2743:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2681:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2615:. p. 384.
2604:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2483:
2476:(പാലന്) is 31.
2464:(ഇല്ലാ) is 30,
2444:(നല്ലൂ) is 30,
2398:Transliteration
2365:
2245:
2213:
2212:
2193:
2192:
2173:
2172:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2117:
2116:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2058:
2057:
2038:
2037:
2034:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1619:Transliteration
1553:Transliteration
1521:Karaṇa·paddhati
1496:
1491:
1470:
1067:
1055:
1043:Śaṅkaravarman's
1039:
980:system is from
974:
930:Chandra-vakyani
893:
833:
797:
796:
719:
705:Proto-cuneiform
650:
649:
638:
637:
632:
631:
616:
600:
582:
569:
556:
543:
472:
471:
459:
458:
439:
399:
384:
375:
374:
365:
364:
346:
305:
304:
295:
294:
246:
188:
174:
173:
161:
160:
148:Numeral systems
125:
124:
123:
114:Without proper
105:
101:
92:
86:
83:
77:
65:
59:
55:
53:transliteration
49:
45:
39:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4841:
4839:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4805:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4780:
4768:
4756:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4717:Swatantra 2014
4714:
4709:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4656:R. S. Krishnan
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4631:M. G. K. Menon
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4308:Tantrasamgraha
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4273:Madhava series
4270:
4265:
4263:Kriyakramakari
4260:
4255:
4253:Karanapaddhati
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4164:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3984:
3978:
3975:P. C. Sengupta
3972:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3832:Tantrasamgraha
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3755:Karanapaddhati
3751:
3744:
3741:Ganita Kaumudi
3737:
3730:
3723:
3718:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3659:Harish-Chandra
3656:
3654:C. S. Seshadri
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3588:Sankara Variar
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3409:
3407:Mathematicians
3403:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3304:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3280:Madhava series
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3234:Tantrasamgraha
3231:
3228:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:Tantrasamgraha
3202:
3200:Kriyakramakari
3197:
3195:Karaṇapaddhati
3192:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3166:Gaṇitayuktayah
3164:
3161:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2936:
2935:External links
2933:
2930:
2929:
2915:
2904:
2880:
2853:
2848:Sarma (2001),
2841:
2832:|journal=
2795:
2741:
2690:
2679:
2628:
2621:
2597:
2574:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:Greek numerals
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2488:Abjad numerals
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2468:(പാലെ) is 31,
2436:(ഹാരേ) is 28,
2422:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2373:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2244:
2241:
2220:
2200:
2180:
2160:
2148:
2144:Exception for
2142:
2124:
2104:
2092:
2086:
2065:
2045:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2004:
1994:
1984:
1974:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1846:
1845:Carnatic music
1843:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1604:Sad·ratna·mālā
1598:Sad·ratna·mālā
1592:
1591:
1590:(31415926536).
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1517:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1456:in the system.
1450:
1423:
1412:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1038:
1035:
1027:Ka-ṭa-pa-yā-di
1016:Ka-ṭa-pa-yā-di
995:discovered in
978:Ka-ṭa-pa-yā-di
973:
970:
962:Ka-ṭa-pa-yā-di
892:
889:
835:
834:
832:
831:
824:
817:
809:
806:
805:
799:
798:
795:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
758:
757:
752:
747:
737:
732:
726:
725:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
656:
655:
654:Non-alphabetic
651:
645:
644:
643:
640:
639:
634:
633:
630:
629:
624:
611:
595:
590:
577:
564:
550:
549:
542:
541:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
478:
477:
473:
466:
465:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
450:
444:
443:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
406:
405:
403:Post-classical
398:
397:
391:
390:
383:
382:
376:
372:
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:
357:
351:
350:
345:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
323:
322:
311:
310:
306:
302:
301:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
245:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
187:
186:
184:Eastern Arabic
181:
179:Western Arabic
175:
169:
168:
167:
162:
156:
155:
154:
151:
150:
144:
143:
118:, you may see
106:
99:
98:
97:
94:
93:
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4840:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4793:
4792:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4745:
4744:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4601:Dileep George
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:Organizations
4315:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4248:Jyotirmimamsa
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4185:
4180:
4178:
4173:
4171:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4064:Other regions
4062:
4056:
4055:David Pingree
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3969:M. Rangacarya
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3942:Historians of
3940:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3916:Jantar Mantar
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:Mahendra Sūri
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3344:Thrikkandiyur
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Chandravakyas
3258:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:Jyotirmimamsa
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:Udayadivākara
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Nīlakaṇṭha II
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Govindasvāmin
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2961:81-7371-387-1
2958:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2908:
2905:
2892:
2884:
2881:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2824:
2813:
2806:
2803:Anand Raman.
2799:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2766:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2598:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2337:Value as per
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2293:, written by
2292:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1842:
1836:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1507:mathematician
1505:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1086:(अ)-s, i.e.,
1085:
1081:
1077:
1074:Translation:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1025:based on the
1024:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
987:
984:, especially
983:
979:
971:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:
949:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
924:
920:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
890:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
863:
860:
856:
853:, Malayalam:
852:
848:
844:
842:
830:
825:
823:
818:
816:
811:
810:
808:
807:
804:
801:
800:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
741:
740:Alphasyllabic
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
724:
721:
720:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
653:
652:
648:
642:
641:
628:
625:
622:
615:
612:
609:
608:
599:
596:
594:
591:
588:
581:
578:
575:
568:
565:
562:
555:
552:
551:
548:
545:
544:
539:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
475:
474:
470:
463:
462:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
441:
440:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
404:
401:
400:
396:
393:
392:
389:
386:
385:
381:
378:
377:
373:Other systems
369:
368:
361:
358:
356:
355:Counting rods
353:
352:
348:
347:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
321:
318:
317:
316:
313:
312:
308:
307:
299:
298:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
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185:
182:
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177:
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159:
153:
152:
149:
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141:
137:
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129:
121:
117:
113:
111:
90:
80:
75:
71:
64:
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44:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
4782:
4775:
4763:
4751:
4731:
4722:Techno-lodge
4691:Vinod Scaria
4418:Institutions
4298:Sadratnamala
4293:Parameshvara
4257:
4208:Candravakyas
4102:institutions
4022:K. S. Shukla
3994:(1892– 1953)
3860:Yavanajataka
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3818:Śulba Sūtras
3816:
3809:
3804:Sadratnamala
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3748:Kanakkusaram
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3713:
3583:Varāhamihira
3548:Parameshvara
3503:Govindasvāmi
3473:Āryabhaṭa II
3269:
3230:Spuṭanirṇaya
3223:Sadratnamālā
3190:Kanakkusāraṃ
3130:Vidyamadhava
2941:
2918:
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2867:the original
2856:
2844:
2823:cite journal
2812:the original
2798:
2772:. Retrieved
2765:the original
2752:
2744:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2682:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2607:
2600:
2588:. Retrieved
2577:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2493:Aksharapalli
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2456:(കല) is 31,
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2432:(പല) is 31,
2429:
2425:
2418:
2409:
2404:
2376:
2369:
2338:
2280:
2276:
2269:kollavarsham
2268:
2256:
2248:
2246:
2236:
2232:
2150:
2137:
2094:
2090:MechaKalyani
2081:
2035:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1956:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1840:
1834:
1809:
1625:
1602:
1596:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1525:
1519:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1419:
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1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1379:
1373:
1367:
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1355:
1349:
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1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
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1240:
1234:
1228:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
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1191:
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1175:
1169:
1163:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1047:Sadratnamāla
1045:
1040:
1026:
1015:
1013:
1000:
977:
975:
961:
953:Ārya·bhaṭīya
951:
946:
941:
933:
929:
927:
916:
912:
900:
896:
894:
850:
840:
839:
838:
754:
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567:Signed-digit
442:Contemporary
309:Contemporary
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70:ISO 639 code
66:}}
60:{{
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50:{{
46:}}
40:{{
35:
18:
4777:WikiProject
4681:Vainu Bappu
4243:Jyeṣṭhadeva
4038:Translators
4030:(1919–2005)
4028:K. V. Sarma
4024:(1918–2007)
4018:(1918–1992)
4012:(1918–2000)
4006:(1903–1978)
4000:(1901–1954)
3998:A. N. Singh
3983:(1888–1958)
3981:B. B. Datta
3977:(1876–1962)
3971:(1861–1916)
3965:(1855–1910)
3959:(1853–1898)
3953:(1821–1900)
3944:mathematics
3888:Symbol for
3872:innovations
3769:Lokavibhaga
3715:Aryabhatiya
3513:Jyeṣṭhadeva
3498:Brahmagupta
3483:Bhāskara II
3468:Āryabhaṭa I
3452:Yajnavalkya
3358:(Haridatta)
3320:Kadathanadu
3060:Jyeṣṭhadeva
3006:Astronomers
2774:17 December
2749:Sarma, K.V.
2714:: 788–794.
2652:: 459–462.
2440:പാലു = 31,
2354:as per the
2291:Narayaniyam
1094:. The nine
1023:chronograms
997:North India
982:South India
915:written by
855:പരല്പ്പേര്
745:Akṣarapallī
715:Tally marks
614:Non-integer
87:August 2022
4807:Categories
4591:Ajit Varki
4584:Scientists
4213:Citrabhanu
3987:T. Hayashi
3870:Pioneering
3853:Yuktibhāṣā
3776:Pātīgaṇita
3727:Bijaganita
3684:Ravi Vakil
3538:Munishvara
3518:Kamalakara
3493:Brahmadeva
3478:Bhāskara I
3427:Baudhayana
3356:Tirunavaya
3244:Yuktibhāṣā
3218:Pañcabodha
3159:Drigganita
3155:Dasādhyāyi
3125:Vararuci I
3030:Citrabhānu
2570:18 (2012)
2564:KATAPAYADI
2550:References
2426:Kaṭapayādi
2377:Kaṭapayādi
2370:Kaṭapayādi
2339:Kaṭapayādi
2317:Devanagari
2281:Kaṭapayādi
2249:Kaṭapayādi
1511:astronomer
1468:Variations
1090:represent
1001:Kaṭapayādi
942:Kaṭapayādi
897:Kaṭapayādi
867:to depict
851:Paralppēru
847:Devanagari
841:Kaṭapayādi
782:Glagolitic
755:Kaṭapayādi
723:Alphabetic
627:Asymmetric
469:radix/base
410:Cistercian
395:Babylonian
342:Vietnamese
197:Devanagari
110:Indic text
4818:Mnemonics
4753:Templates
4354:Cyberpark
4233:Haridatta
4016:S. N. Sen
3924:New Delhi
3846:Veṇvāroha
3707:Treatises
3508:Halayudha
3461:Classical
3432:Katyayana
3422:Apastamba
3338:Peruvanam
3314:Alathiyur
3308:Athavanad
3239:Venvaroha
3163:Dṛkkaraṇa
3139:Treatises
3055:Haridatta
3040:Devācārya
2897:1 January
2873:3 January
2736:163597699
2674:163907655
2590:1 January
2533:Notarikon
2428:yields –
2352:Kali Yuga
2306:Malayalam
2285:Kali Yuga
2267:known as
2253:Kali Yuga
2219:↔
2199:↔
2179:↔
2159:↔
2123:↔
2103:↔
2064:↔
2044:↔
1863:melakarta
1854:Melakarta
1475:consonant
1100:consonant
993:astrolabe
948:Aryabhata
905:Haridatta
750:Āryabhaṭa
695:Kharosthi
587:factorial
554:Bijective
455:(Iñupiaq)
285:Sundanese
280:Mongolian
227:Malayalam
4765:Category
4218:Damodara
3932:Varanasi
3890:zero (0)
3762:Līlāvatī
3629:C.R. Rao
3593:Virasena
3573:Sridhara
3543:Narayana
3528:Mahāvīra
3332:Kudallur
3172:Golasara
3169:Golavada
2784:cite web
2728:25189917
2666:25190035
2508:Gematria
2481:See also
2343:1712210
2078:quotient
2056:9 and ra
1418:(अ) and
1382:ह ಹ హ ഹ
1376:स ಸ స സ
1370:ष ಷ ష ഷ
1364:श ಶ శ ശ
1358:व ವ వ വ
1352:ल ల ల ല
1346:र ರ ర ര
1340:य ಯ య യ
1317:म ಮ మ മ
1311:भ ಭ భ ഭ
1299:फ ಫ ఫ ഫ
1293:प ಪ ప പ
1285:न ನ న ന
1279:ध ಧ ధ ധ
1273:द ದ ద ദ
1267:थ ಥ థ ഥ
1261:त ತ త ത
1255:ण ಣ ణ ണ
1249:ढ ಢ ఢ ഢ
1243:ड ಡ డ ഡ
1237:ठ ಠ ఠ ഠ
1231:ट ಟ ట ട
1223:ञ ಞ ఞ ഞ
1217:झ ಝ ఝ ഝ
1211:ज ಜ జ ജ
1205:छ ಛ ఛ ഛ
1199:च ಚ చ ച
1184:घ ಘ ఘ ഘ
1178:ग ಗ గ ഗ
1172:ख ಖ ఖ ഖ
1166:क ಕ క ക
1120:conjunct
1096:integers
1082:(ञ) and
1009:Varanasi
990:Sanskrit
944:system.
934:Vararuci
873:numerals
777:Georgian
767:Cyrillic
735:Armenian
690:Etruscan
685:Egyptian
593:Negative
453:Kaktovik
448:Cherokee
425:Pentadic
349:Historic
332:Japanese
265:Javanese
255:Balinese
242:Dzongkha
207:Gurmukhi
202:Gujarati
140:a series
138:Part of
4071:Babylon
3904:Centres
3568:Śrīpati
3447:Pingala
3415:Ancient
2419:Gopālan
2115:5, Cha
1712:भू bhū
1697:धा dhā
1658:धि dhi
1437:(य्) +
1433:(क्) +
1407:(म) or
1403:(ण) or
1399:(ङ) or
1118:. In a
921:in 869
907:in 683
891:History
877:numbers
869:letters
859:ancient
680:Chuvash
598:Complex
388:Ancient
380:History
327:Hokkien
315:Chinese
260:Burmese
250:Tibetan
237:Kannada
217:Sinhala
192:Bengali
79:See why
4100:Modern
4091:Europe
4081:Greece
3928:Ujjain
3920:Jaipur
3602:Modern
3442:Pāṇini
3437:Manava
2959:
2734:
2726:
2672:
2664:
2619:
2470:nnu go
2458:kkilāṃ
2363:Others
2211:7, Ma
2171:7, Ha
1874:Swaras
1872:. The
1718:गी gī
1682:णि ṇi
1667:ध dha
1661:सि si
1652:बु bu
1646:रा rā
1640:भ bha
1504:Kerala
1305:ब బ ബ
1088:vowels
986:Kerala
885:verses
862:Indian
843:system
792:Hebrew
762:Coptic
675:Brahmi
660:Aegean
617:
601:
583:
570:
557:
420:Muisca
360:Tangut
337:Korean
320:Suzhou
232:Telugu
4076:China
2850:p. 26
2815:(PDF)
2808:(PDF)
2768:(PDF)
2761:(PDF)
2732:S2CID
2724:JSTOR
2710:(3).
2670:S2CID
2662:JSTOR
2474:pālan
2450:nnālo
2446:pular
2442:nallū
2088:Raga
2029:Raga
1885:step.
1866:ragas
1715:प pa
1709:द् d
1706:य ya
1703:म ma
1700:स् s
1694:द् d
1691:र ra
1688:श् ś
1685:त ta
1679:ग ga
1676:म ma
1673:न् n
1670:ज ja
1664:द् d
1655:द् d
1649:म् m
1643:द् d
1526:śloka
1489:Usage
1192:ఙ ങ
1078:(न),
1031:Burma
881:words
787:Greek
772:Geʽez
730:Abjad
710:Roman
670:Aztec
665:Attic
580:Mixed
538:table
430:Quipu
415:Mayan
270:Khmer
222:Tamil
4149:TIFR
2957:ISBN
2899:2010
2875:2010
2836:help
2790:link
2776:2009
2617:ISBN
2592:2010
2466:pāle
2462:illā
2454:kala
2438:pālu
2434:hāre
2430:pala
2328:IAST
2263:The
2020:See
2009:and
1999:and
1989:and
1979:and
1969:and
1959:and
1944:and
1934:and
1924:and
1914:and
1904:and
1894:and
1861:The
1473:The
1411:(श).
1190:ङ ಙ
1092:zero
1020:Pali
1014:The
435:Rumi
290:Thai
212:Odia
43:lang
2716:doi
2654:doi
2326:In
2315:In
2304:In
2011:Ni3
2007:Da3
2001:Ni3
1997:Da2
1991:Ni2
1987:Da2
1981:Ni3
1977:Da1
1971:Ni2
1967:Da1
1961:Ni1
1957:Da1
1946:Ga3
1942:Ri3
1936:Ga3
1932:Ri2
1926:Ga2
1922:Ri2
1916:Ga3
1912:Ri1
1906:Ga2
1902:Ri1
1896:Ga1
1892:Ri1
1532:(π)
1447:kya
1427:kya
1409:śha
1397:nga
1309:bha
1297:pha
1277:dha
1265:tha
1247:ḍha
1235:ṭha
1221:nya
1215:jha
1203:cha
1188:nga
1182:gha
1170:kha
932:of
903:by
883:or
879:as
871:to
467:By
275:Lao
63:IPA
4809::
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3926:,
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2640:.
2611:.
2273:CE
2259:.
2237:hm
2140:.
2084:.
1823:pi
1814:pi
1801:3
1798:1
1795:4
1792:–
1789:1
1786:5
1783:–
1780:9
1777:–
1774:2
1771:–
1768:6
1765:5
1762:3
1759:5
1756:–
1753:8
1750:9
1747:–
1744:7
1741:9
1738:–
1735:3
1732:–
1729:2
1726:–
1723:4
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1443:ya
1405:ma
1401:ṇa
1388:–
1385:–
1380:ha
1374:sa
1368:ṣa
1362:śa
1356:va
1350:la
1344:ra
1338:ya
1332:–
1329:–
1326:–
1323:–
1320:–
1315:ma
1303:ba
1291:pa
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1271:da
1259:ta
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1241:ḍa
1229:ṭa
1209:ja
1197:ca
1176:ga
1164:ka
1158:0
1155:9
1152:8
1149:7
1146:6
1143:5
1140:4
1137:3
1134:2
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1112:pa
1110:,
1108:ṭa
1106:,
1104:ka
1080:ña
1076:na
1033:.
1011:.
1007:,
968:.
938:CE
925:.
923:CE
909:CE
532:60
527:20
522:16
517:12
512:10
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