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lying under oath to protect her husband; her conviction was overturned on appeal. The marriage broke up soon after the trial, though they were not divorced until 1921. Kate anglicised her part-Asian surname from Lee to Leigh, and she was mostly known by that name for the rest of her life, regardless of future marriages. Kate's daughter Eileen also used the name 'Leigh' until she married in 1920.
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clothes and diamonds, her wealth was legendary. When appearing in court, Kate would wear diamond rings on every finger of both hands. During her heyday, Kate Leigh owned and operated more than thirty different sly grog hotels at different locations in inner Sydney that generated thousands of pounds in profit annually.
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as £7130. In 1955 the NSW government changed the law to allow legal hotels to serve alcohol until 10 pm, an act that virtually killed off the Sydney sly-grog trade and put purveyors such as Leigh out of business. Leigh was famously quoted in the
Australian media as stating "The bloom has gone off the grog".
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sent her into bankruptcy in 1954 for unpaid income tax and fines dating back to 1942. Leigh's
Statement of Affairs was given at a Bankruptcy Court hearing in Sydney on 30 September 1954 as "Assets of £1960 consisting of furniture and three properties in Devonshire Street". Her Liabilities were shown
456:
Through alleged personal connections throughout officialdom, she continued business throughout the 1930s and 40s despite frequent police raids and a mass of minor convictions. She was charged on 107 occasions and was sent to prison on 13 occasions. Appearing in courtrooms with flamboyantly expensive
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home she became an organised crime entrepreneur, charging excessive prices for a full range of illicit goods and services, including after-hours drinking venues, sly-grog, prostitution, illegal betting, gambling and, from the mid-1920s, cocaine trafficking. Leigh obtained loyalty and protection from
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on 19 February 1938. The house was raided by undercover police on 4 March 1938 resulting in 48 bottles and 4 kegs of beer being confiscated. Three months later a police witness at Sydney
Licensing Court stated that the premises at 2 Lansdowne Street, Surry Hills was "a notorious sly grog shop – The
501:
At the time of her death, aged 82, Kate Leigh was living in virtual poverty in a small room above one of her old illegal hotels at 212 Devonshire Street, Surry Hills and was financially dependent on her nephew, William John Beahan, who ran a mixed business in the shop in the downstairs part of the
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in May and August 1929. In 1936, newly appointed Sydney Police
Commissioner MacKay warned them both to tone down the violence or else risk serious imprisonment. The NSW Police also intensively policed incoming vessels for overseas cocaine suppliers in 1938–39, but it was naval transit restrictions
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to a
Chinese father and an Australian born mother, and became an illegal bookmaker and petty criminal. They separated in 1905 when Lee was imprisoned for assault and robbery. Following his trial, Kate Leigh was convicted of perjury and for being an accomplice to the assault, after being accused of
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Leigh was also personally involved in violence, though she was never convicted of any such offense. On 27 March 1930, she shot and killed John
William "Snowy" Prendergast when he and other gangsters broke into her home at 104 Riley Street, East Sydney. She was not indicted for the killing, or for
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it criminalised. Leigh derived her supplies from a corrupt network of doctors, dentists, chemists, and sailors, and amassed considerable wealth from the activity. These activities—the defense of these business turfs—and ongoing feuds with rival organised crime leaders in NSW led Leigh to be a
341:
During the late 1920s Kate lived with Walter "Wally" Tomlinson (or
Thomlinson) (c.1899–1968), whom she had employed as one of her bodyguards. He was charged in 1916, at age 16, with Shooting At, With Intent To Murder and had a reputation as a tough standover criminal by the late 1920s. That
526:. She was survived by her daughter, Eileen May Ranson (née Beahan, 1900–1987). Leigh was remembered by the press as much for her patriotism during World War II and for generous charitable acts in support of the unemployed in harsh times as for her criminal history.
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parents
Timothy Beahan, a boot-maker, and his wife Charlotte (née Smith). Her childhood and teenaged years included childhood neglect, time in a girls' home at age 12, and an out-of-wedlock pregnancy; her daughter Eileen May Beahan was born in 1900.
44:
460:
She lived in a terrace house at 2 Lansdowne Street, Surry Hills from 1933 until the house was demolished in 1950. This house was also used by Leigh as her main illegal hotel or Sly-grog shop during this time and was known in Sydney as the
382:; she became a major New South Wales (NSW) underworld figure, and has been referred to as its "Queen of the Underworld." From 1919 to 1955 Leigh's main enterprise was the highly profitable sly-grog trade, which ensued after the
324:
dealer and small-time criminal. The marriage only lasted for a few years, after which she reverted to using her previous surname of 'Leigh'. Though long separated, he died in Kate's home at 2 Lansdowne Street,
422:
a male network of gangsters, but often had to protect them and was adept with a rifle. Rival gangs eroded her profits from cocaine by standing over and slashing decoys (often working prostitutes) with razors.
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510:
Continuing to live at Surry Hills, she suffered a severe stroke on 31 January 1964 at her residence at 212 Devonshire Street and was rushed to hospital. She died on 4 February 1964 at
398:). At its peak, Leigh ran at least twenty bootleg outlets. Although she made much of her fortune from the illegal sale of alcohol, Leigh is reported to have never drunk (or smoked).
485:
in Sydney". Kate Leigh was sentenced to 6 months imprisonment on 7 September 1942 for having sold liquor without a licence at 13 Pearl Street and 2 Lansdowne Street, Surry Hills.
449:
However, Leigh was imprisoned on drug-related charges. In July 1930, Leigh's house at 104 Riley Street was raided by a NSW drug squad, including Sydney's most famous policewoman,
514:
in
Darlinghurst, and her funeral was held on 7 February at St Peter's Catholic Church in Devonshire Street, Surry Hills and was attended by over 700 mourners. She was buried in
433:
that lasted 20 years. The two women physically fought one another on numerous occasions and their respective gangs conducted pitched battles in Eaton Avenue and Kellet Street,
358:, on 18 January 1950, to old friend and convicted criminal Ernest Alexander "Shiner" Ryan. They were separated six months later, and Ryan died in Western Australia in 1954.
246:) was an Australian underworld figure who rose to prominence as a madam, illegal trader of alcohol and cocaine, and for running betting/gambling syndicates from her home in
762:
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wars—ended with
Tomlinson's departure, and Leigh then pursued a de facto relationship from 1932 to 1949 with her business partner, Henry 'Jack' Baker (1897–1965).
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Kate married for the second time on 26 September 1922, to a Western Australian-born musician Edward Joseph 'Teddy' Barry (1892–1948), a
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relationship—which featured prominently in an Australian television drama on Leigh's role in the
114:
716:
Thomlinson, Walter (18 February 1916). "A Shooting Case. Quarter Sessions before Judge Murray".
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anthology series, it screened between 21 August 2011 until 16 November. Leigh was portrayed by
502:
premises. She resided at 212 Devonshire Street, Surry Hills from 1951 until her death in 1964.
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Leigh married James Ernest (Jack) Lee (or Leigh) (1882–1959) on 2 May 1902. Lee was born in
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Leigh was undoubtedly one of Sydney's wealthiest women during the 1930s and 1940s but the
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in NSW by providing lucrative illicit criminal distribution networks for the high-demand
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Leigh was found in possession of cocaine and was sentenced to 12 months imprisonment.
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wars. She was known for her continuing feud with fellow vice-regal underworld figure
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shooting Joseph McNamara nearby in Liverpool St, Darlinghurst on 9 December 1931.
1240:. Sydney, Australia: Kings Cross Community Aid & Information Service. 1981.
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Kate Leigh and Tilly Devine's criminal feud was the subject of a 13-episode
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that led to devastating interruptions of Leigh's overseas cocaine supply.
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Baker, was shot outside this house by the well known Sydney criminal,
1314:
Razor: A true story of slashers, gangsters, prostitutes and sly grog
468:, not to be confused with the legal 'Lansdowne Hotel' in City Road,
370:
Sydney underworld figure Kate Leigh, holding a graphlex camera, 1951
238:(née Beahan; 10 March 1881 – 4 February 1964) (other names included
365:
282:
71:
755:"Sydney's Jazz Age Criminal Queens Ruled the Streets With Razors"
1230:
Rugged Angel. The Amazing Career of Policewoman Lillian Armfield
856:"Underworld Feud. Woman Discharged for Surry Hills Shooting"
1276:
Drug Traffic, Narcotics and Organised Crime In Australia
1008:"Highest Penalty Inflicted – Woman on Sly Grog Charge".
472:. Her then de facto husband and bodyguard, Henry George
425:
Leigh was also engaged in a violent feud with her rival
1194:. Australia: Collins/Angus & Robertson Publishers.
630:
New South Wales Register of Birth, Deaths and Marriages
836:"Underworld Crime In Surry Hills. Wounded Man's Death"
374:
Leigh earned income, variously over these years, as a
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People associated with Kings Cross, New South Wales
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Razor: Tilly Devine, Kate Leigh and the razor gangs
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261:She was a leading figure in the notorious Sydney
522:in the Roman Catholic Section 29K, Grave 896 as
1044:"Witness says 'Kate Leigh' is a Proud Type".
8:
390:of drinking establishments (governed by the
147:Gangster, brothel madam, cocaine trafficker
42:
31:
1297:. Australia: Melbourne University Press.
1127:"Leigh, Kathleen Mary (Kate) (1881–1964)"
917:"Cocaine Raid – Violent Woman Prisoner".
1428:Burials at Eastern Suburbs Memorial Park
808:"Kate Leigh Sentenced, Cocaine Supply".
634:Mother: Kathleen M.J. – Father: unknown.
401:Leigh also exploited the passage of the
1278:. Sydney: Harper & Row Publishers.
940:
902:"Cocaine Charge. Kate Leigh in Court".
648:
628:"Birth #684/1900 – Eileen May Beahan".
592:Leigh, Kathleen Mary (Kate) (1881–1964)
578:
1359:, Razorhurst.com; accessed 9 May 2014.
966:
952:"Man Wounded – Surry Hills Shooting".
822:
795:
783:
686:
569:winning book written by Chris Walker.
23:. For people with a similar name, see
1335:(New ed.). Macmillan Australia.
890:
616:
584:
582:
7:
765:from the original on 18 January 2024
742:. Perth. 19 January 1950. p. 4.
410:prominent figure in Sydney's brutal
356:St John's Anglican Church, Fremantle
19:For the American voice actress, see
1232:. Australia: Angus & Robertson.
565:, the series itself was based on a
354:Her third and last marriage was at
329:on 26 June 1948, and was buried at
281:Leigh was born on 10 March 1881 in
1398:Australian people of Irish descent
1135:Australian Dictionary of Biography
698:"Notice of death of Teddy Barry".
597:Australian Dictionary of Biography
403:Dangerous Drugs Amendment Act 1927
136:Queen of the Underworld (nickname)
14:
1413:20th-century Australian criminals
1089:"Kathleen Ryan: Funeral Notice".
1059:"Disorderly House order Lifted".
1211:Surry Hills. The City's Backyard
1166:Butel, E.; Thompson, T. (1984).
1138:. National Centre of Biography,
543:television drama on Australia's
1151:. Australia: Rigby Publishers.
1074:"Kathleen Ryan: Death Notice".
1293:Morton, J.; Lobez, S. (2007).
1140:Australian National University
880:. 12 December 1931. p. 2.
561:, with Tilly Devine played by
553:, which was the fourth in the
378:trader, drug dealer, and as a
58:Kathleen Mary Josephine Beahan
1:
1423:20th-century Australian women
1418:19th-century Australian women
1259:. Australia: Ironbark Press.
1255:Lipson, N; Barnao, T (1992).
1213:. Australia: Halstead Press.
1130:(published first in hardcopy)
1107:Eastern Suburbs Memorial Park
520:Eastern Suburbs Memorial Park
414:wars of the 1920s and 1930s.
236:Kathleen Mary Josephine Leigh
155:
105:Eastern Suburbs Memorial Park
94:St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney
1408:Surry Hills, New South Wales
1316:. Australia: Pan Macmillan.
1048:. 1 October 1954. p. 8.
825:, pp. 92, 112, 205, 213
812:. 2 August 1930. p. 10.
753:Russo, Naomi (23 May 2016).
704:Funeral notice, 29 June 1948
1383:Australian female gangsters
1170:. Australia: Atrand Press.
993:"Notorious Sly Grog Shop".
844:. 28 March 1930. p. 3.
1449:
1023:"Tax Debt of Kate Leigh".
921:. 2 July 1930. p. 14.
862:. 9 April 1930. p. 2.
429:, a Sydney madam based in
18:
1433:Organised crime in Sydney
1033:. 26 May 1954. p. 3.
906:. 3 July 1930. p. 8.
396:Liquor Licensing Act 1927
48:Kate Leigh in April, 1915
41:
1147:Blaikie, George (1980).
874:"Sydney Shooting Affray"
563:Chelsie Preston Crayford
1331:Writer, Larry (2009).
1312:Writer, Larry (2001).
1238:Kings Cross. 1936–1946
1190:Hickie, David (1990).
1125:Allen, Judith (1986).
931:Jenkins, Bill- memoirs
489:Bankruptcy and decline
371:
289:, the eighth child of
224:(m. 1950, dec'd. 1954)
222:Ernest Alexander Ryan
1274:McCoy, A. W. (1980).
1228:Kelly, Vince (1961).
1185:Guide to Sydney Crime
1091:Sydney Morning Herald
1076:Sydney Morning Herald
1061:Sydney Morning Herald
1046:Sydney Morning Herald
1010:Sydney Morning Herald
995:Sydney Morning Herald
980:Sydney Morning Herald
954:Sydney Morning Herald
919:Sydney Morning Herald
904:Sydney Morning Herald
810:Sydney Morning Herald
719:Sydney Morning Herald
700:Sydney Morning Herald
512:St Vincent's Hospital
369:
258:for stolen property.
217:(m.1922, dec'd. 1948)
1388:Australian gangsters
1209:Keating, C. (1991).
1149:Wild Women Of Sydney
978:"Liquor Forfeited".
438:associated with the
384:NSW State Parliament
215:Edward Joseph Barry
211:(m. 1902, div. 1921)
1192:Chow Hayes – Gunman
1012:. 8 September 1942.
956:. 19 February 1938.
388:six o'clock closing
269:, a madam based at
209:James Ernest Leigh
16:Australian gangster
1295:Gangland Australia
1093:. 6 February 1964.
1078:. 5 February 1964.
734:"Shiner Ryan Weds"
372:
333:three days later.
115:English Australian
1393:People from Dubbo
1342:978-1-4050-3951-2
1304:978-0-522-85273-8
1285:978-0-06-312031-0
1220:978-1-920831-49-3
1177:978-0-908272-06-8
1168:Kings Cross Album
550:Underbelly: Razor
535:Television series
478:John 'Chow' Hayes
451:Lillian Armfield.
233:
232:
178:sly-grog and drug
152:Years active
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1257:As Crime Goes By
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1104:"Grave search",
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1063:. 1 August 1953.
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702:. 28 June 1948.
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417:Hence, from her
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189:philanthropy
183:prostitution
159: 1920s
127:Kathleen Lee
101:Burial place
88:(1964-02-04)
29:
1378:1964 deaths
1373:1881 births
1031:Broken Hill
967:Hickie 1990
823:Writer 2009
796:Writer 2009
784:Writer 2009
687:Writer 2001
419:Surry Hills
350:Ernest Ryan
327:Surry Hills
303:James Leigh
248:Surry Hills
173:Razor gangs
111:Nationality
21:Katie Leigh
1367:Categories
891:Kelly 1961
769:18 January
617:Allen 1986
573:References
555:Underbelly
541:true crime
412:razor gang
344:razor gang
277:Early life
263:razor gang
252:sly groger
192:feud with
64:1881-03-10
36:Kate Leigh
547:, titled
463:Lansdowne
298:Marriages
763:Archived
470:Broadway
376:sly-grog
322:sly-grog
25:Kate Lee
1357:Profile
1109:website
474:"Jack"
407:cocaine
203:Spouses
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362:Career
242:, and
180:supply
161:–1950s
506:Death
483:Worst
466:Hotel
380:madam
309:Tumut
283:Dubbo
256:fence
72:Dubbo
1337:ISBN
1318:ISBN
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771:2024
254:and
83:Died
54:Born
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