3624:, a peer-reviewed art scholarship publisher, Polly Saltmarsh asserts that this is a depiction of the future Queen Mary I, who matches the miniature in several ways. The likeness has an upturned nose and blue-grey eyes, which are known features of Mary's and normally in her confirmed depictions. The miniature, by being one, is also a confirmed likeness of a royal family member, being that miniatures did not exist outside of the royal family during this time period. Finally, by being dated to roughly 1535, is identification is also accurate for Mary, because the lettering translates from the latin "XVIII" to 18. Commonly, roman numerals in Tudor miniatures and portraits would equate to either the year or the sitter's age. Mary I was turning 18 in 1534. Overall, all of these facts point toward this conclusion. It is unlikely for Katherine Howard to have been painted in 1535, being an 11 year-old girl and the daughter of an impoverished younger son of a prominent family, the Howards. To make things more plausible, it would mean changing the dating from the circa 1535 timeframe up 5 years, to roughly 1540. When comparing the two options, again, Mary I is the best fit for identification.
3437:
382:. Being the third son of a prominent family, Edmund's opportunities were limited to relying on the generosity of his wealthier family members and his own ability to pave his way. Sadly, he was both overly proud and a spendthrift. His insult to the King and further events would continue to devolve and slowly ensnare him, and by extension, his family. Edmund developed a gambling addiction that meant the ever constant threat of debtors' prison, and he went into hiding on multiple occasions. In his desperate 1527 letter to Wolsey he states, "Humbly I beseech your grace to be my good lord, for without your gracious help I am utterly undone. Sir, so it is that I am so far in danger of the King's Laws by reason of the debt that I am in, that I dare not go abroad, nor come in mine own house, and am fain to absent me from my wife and my poor children... Sir there is no help but, through your grace and your good mediation to the King's Grace."
3469:
49:
3352:
3454:
3225:
622:
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and in response he moved onto another woman within the Queen's household. This deeply upset
Catherine, who does appear to have had some level of feelings for him at this time, for on one occasion she broke down in tears in front of her fellow maids of honor. Prior to this instance, it was she who controlled how long her relationships lasted and when they ended. During this time, word reached back to Francis Dereham of the rumored soon-to-be marriage between the pair, and he arrived at court to dispute this with them both. After being, again, told off by Catherine, he returned to the dowager duchess's household, which he requested to leave, as Catherine was no longer there. Believing this desperation was temporary and soon to blow over,
3563:
3552:, on the grounds that the lady bears a resemblance to Jane, especially around the nose and chin, and wears widow's black. The lady's sumptuous black clothing, an indication of wealth and status, did not necessarily signify mourning; her jewellery suggests otherwise. Derek Wilson observed that "In August 1537 Cromwell succeeded in marrying his son, Gregory, to Elizabeth Seymour", the queen's younger sister. He was therefore related by marriage to the king, "an event worth recording for posterity, by a portrait of his daughter-in-law." The painting was in the possession of the Cromwell family for centuries. According to Hans Holbein's most recent biographer,
638:
423:
supported by
Catherine's biographers. Evidence exists that Mannox was not yet married, and it would have been highly unusual for someone from his background at the time to not be married by his mid-thirties. He married sometime in the late 1530s, perhaps in 1539, and there is also some evidence that he was the same age as two other men serving in the household, including his cousin Edward Waldegrave, who was in his late teens or early twenties between 1536 and 1538. This evidence indicates that Mannox too was in his early to mid-twenties in 1536.
386:
birth and early years. The image this paints is of a girl likely neglected and potentially unwanted, as her birth meant a future dowry to come up with money for. Generally, Catherine's young life was filled with uncertainty and instability, so it is understandable as to why she has been often described as barely literate and generally unlearned. She clearly was not a high priority for her father, still less her education and future prospects. In 1531, help came to
Catherine indirectly through the intervention of her cousin and soon-to-be queen,
427:
458:, a secretary of the Dowager Duchess. They allegedly became lovers, addressing each other as "husband" and "wife". Dereham also entrusted Catherine with various wifely duties, such as keeping his money when he was away on business. Many of Catherine's roommates among the Dowager Duchess's maids of honour and attendants knew of the relationship, which apparently ended in 1539 when the Dowager Duchess found out. Despite this, Catherine and Dereham may have parted with intentions to marry upon his return from
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588:
213:
750:
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486:. In the early stages of her time at court, and prior to the arrival of Anne of Cleves, the relationship between the King and Catherine has been little remarked upon. He seems to have found her attractive, and whenever they happened to be in each other's company they publicly flirted, but little else appears to have happened. As Anne arrived and the King came to show little interest in her, an opportunity for Catherine slowly began to present itself.
672:
3609:, as a portrait of the queen. Brett Dolman has noted that the hypothesis is "seductive but inconclusive." However, it more closely matches general assumptions of Katherine's appearance, than the other non-confirmed and discredited options. This portrait is in the right timeframe and depicts a fairly young woman of wealth and high status within the social hierarchy of the Tudor era. It is also known that Katherine preferred
3613:, as depicted, and also had a love of fashion. This depiction is unique from many other portraits, in that it has no other similar likenesses, that would clearly depict the same woman. Meaning that, it is less likely to be another copy of a known person and instead, potentially someone who has not been previously identified. All of these factors make it a reasonable potential to be Katherine, based on all the evidence.
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who had always treated her so graciously. She described her punishment as "worthy and just" and asked for mercy for her family and prayers for her soul. This was typical of the speeches given by people executed during that period, most likely in an effort to protect their families, since the condemned's last words would be relayed to the King. Catherine was then beheaded with the executioner's axe.
537:, thought her "delightful". Holbein's portrait showed a young auburn-haired girl with a characteristically hooked Howard nose; Catherine was said to have a "gentle, earnest face", while Elisabeth and Agnes Strickland, who co-authored the Victorian-era biography of Kathryn Howard in "The Lives of the Queens of England: Volume IV", where she is described as petite in stature, but of a full frame.
3005:, formerly a convent, where she remained throughout the winter of 1541. She was obliged by a Privy Councillor to return the ring previously owned by Anne of Cleves, which the King had given her; it was a symbol of removal of her regal and lawful rights. The King would be at Hampton Court, but she would not see him again. Despite these actions, her marriage to Henry was never formally annulled.
604:
2957:, telling him that his sister Mary refused to become a part of Queen Catherine's household, stating that she had witnessed the "light" ways of Queen Catherine while they were living together at Lambeth. Cranmer then interrogated Mary Lassels, who alleged that Catherine had had sexual relations while under the Duchess of Norfolk's care, before her relationship with the King.
656:
3270:, if confirmed to be her depiction, would be the only surviving painting from life and roughly dated to the time of her queenship. The historian David Starkey has confirmed a date of roughly 1540, based on the details of her dress and the technique of the miniature. She is wearing a pendant jewel that is similar to that shown in Holbein's
3298:
versions of miniatures do not generally exist, with the exception of royalty. Unfortunately, there are no confirmed likenesses of her to compare these portraits with. Both versions have long been documented as of
Catherine Howard, since 1736 for the Buccleuch version and 1739 (or at least the 1840s) for the Windsor version.
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how the queen had "wonderfully abused the king", laid his hand on his heart and announced by his faith as a gentleman that "She hath done wonderous naughtly". Upon hearing news of
Catherine's execution, King Francis wrote a letter to Henry regretting the "lewd and naughty behaviour of the Queen" and
2984:
in
Southwark, to question her. Even the staunch Cranmer found the teenaged Catherine's frantic, incoherent state pitiable, saying, "I found her in such lamentation and heaviness as I never saw no creature, so that it would have pitied any man's heart to have looked upon her." He ordered the guards to
2993:
Establishing the existence of a pre-contract between
Catherine and Dereham would have had the effect of terminating Catherine's marriage to Henry, but it would also have allowed Henry to annul their marriage and banish her from court to live in poverty and disgrace instead of executing her, although
2960:
Cranmer immediately took up the case to topple his rivals, the Roman
Catholic Norfolk family. Lady Rochford was interrogated and as she feared that she would be tortured, she agreed to talk. She told how she had watched for Catherine backstairs as Culpeper had made his escapes from the Queen's room.
489:
Prior to this point, Catherine and Thomas
Culpeper had slowly entered into a quasi-relationship and one that was not sexual β although, from later testimony, Culpeper expected it to soon become so, also telling Catherine that he loved her (likely more lust than actual love). Catherine rejected this,
442:
and preying on
Catherine between 1536 and 1538; this is expanded upon in detail by Conor Byrne. Other biographers, like Gareth Russell, believe that Mannox's interactions with Catherine took place over a much shorter time, that Mannox was roughly the same age as her, but that "their relationship was
370:
in or about 1523, although the exact date is unknown. An estimated date has been determined from the wills of family members, the known birth order of her and her siblings in various dated records, and the age range of her ladies-in-waiting, being in the same age group and often, same past household
3051:
When the Lords of the Council came for her, she allegedly panicked and screamed as they manhandled her into the barge that would escort her to the Tower on Friday 10 February 1542, her flotilla passing under London Bridge where the heads of Culpeper and Dereham were impaled (and where they remained
453:
Catherine severed contact with Mannox in 1538, most likely in the spring. It is not true, as is sometimes stated, that this was because she began to spend more time at the Dowager Duchess's mansion in Lambeth, as Lambeth was Mannox's home parish and he also married here, perhaps in 1538 or 1539. He
418:
where dozens of attendants, along with her many wardsβusually the children of aristocratic but poor relativesβresided. While sending young children to be educated and trained in aristocratic households was common among European nobles at the time, supervision at both Chesworth House and Lambeth was
393:
Whether due to her mother Joyce's death in about 1528, her family's financial problems, or Catherine nearing the age suitable for wardship, Catherine's family was broken up in 1531, when she was about 8 years of age. Two of her older half-sisters were married off, and both Catherine and her brother
3533:
January 1540, when Anne's marriage to Henry VIII took place. The original Holbein is dated to 1535β1540, but the National Portrait Gallery dates their copy to the late 1600s. This would seem to indicate a sitter who was still a connection to be commemorated over a century later (unlike Catherine).
3237:
There is no authenticated contemporary likeness of Catherine Howard, and there is no documentary evidence that she ever had her portrait painted. "here is a good chance that any image of Catherine would have been destroyed" after her execution, or "ignored, until their identity became a subject of
3080:
were, "I die a Queen, but I would rather have died the wife of Culpeper", but no eyewitness accounts support this, instead reporting that she stuck to traditional final words, asking for forgiveness for her sins and acknowledging that she deserved to die "a thousand deaths" for betraying the king,
422:
In the Duchess's household at Horsham, in around 1536, Catherine began music lessons with two teachers, one of whom was Henry Mannox, and they began a relationship. Mannox's exact age at the time is unknown. It has recently been stated that he was in his late thirties, perhaps 36, but this is not
385:
If Cardinal Wolsey did assist the family in response to the letter written in 1527, which there is little evidence of, the funds arrived piecemeal and were probably not enough. The lowest point for the family came between 1524 and 1531, the period which roughly corresponds with Catherine Howard's
3532:
of 1538." John Rowlands agreed that "the portrait could certainly belong to the period c. 1535β40, but the headdress suggests a date towards its end." Herbert Norris claimed that the sitter is wearing a sleeve that follows a style set by Anne of Cleves, which would date the portrait to after 6
3297:
If this identification is correct, then the necklace and pendant may have been given to Catherine by Henry VIII on their marriage in 1540. To further bolster that these portraits are of a Tudor Queen, and potentially Katherine Howard, it is also by the fact that, for female sitters, duplicate
532:
As the King's interest in Catherine grew, so did the house of Norfolk's influence. Her youth, prettiness and vivacity were captivating for the middle-aged sovereign, who claimed he had never known "the like to any woman". Within months of her arrival at court, Henry bestowed gifts of land and
3047:
made it treason, and punishable by death, for a queen consort to fail to disclose her sexual history to the king within 20 days of their marriage, or to incite someone to commit adultery with her. This measure retroactively solved the matter of Catherine's supposed pre-contract and made her
4941:"This portrait was previously identified as Catherine Howard, fifth wife of Henry VIII. The sitter is now thought to be a member of the Cromwell family, perhaps Elizabeth Seymour (c. 1518β1568), sister of Henry VIII's third wife, Jane Seymour, and wife of Thomas Cromwell's son Gregory."
4871:"The painting belonged to the Cromwells for centuries, so she was probably a member of that prominent family. It has been suggested that she may be Elizabeth Seymour, daughter-in-law of Henry's powerful government minister Thomas Cromwell and sister of Henry's third wife, Jane Seymour."
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3181:", as did Francis Hackett in his 1929 biography of Henry. Weir had much the same judgement, describing her as an "empty-headed wanton". Other writers, especially those studying historical trends larger than Catherine's life, have been much more critical towards her. In his book
450:. When questioned, Catherine was quoted as saying, "At the flattering and fair persuasions of Mannox, being but a young girl, I suffered him at sundry times to handle and touch the secret parts of my body, which neither became me with honesty to permit nor him to require."
3071:
The night before her execution, Catherine is believed to have spent many hours practising how to lay her head upon the block, which had been brought to her at her request. She died with relative composure but looked pale and terrified; she required assistance to climb the
745:
That winter the King's bad moods deepened and grew more furious, caused in part by the pain from his ulcerous legs. He accused councillors of being "lying time-servers", and began to regret executing Cromwell. After a dark and depressed March, his mood lifted at Easter.
3468:
3259:
4792:, p. 53, pl. 62: "Though a certain resemblance may be admitted, it is nevertheless conclusive that the features are not the same as in Catherine's portrait by Holbein in the J. H. Dunn Collection, or the miniatures at Windsor and in the Buccleuch Collection.".
3271:
3417:
3024:. Many of Catherine's relatives were also detained in the Tower, tried, found guilty of concealing treason and sentenced to life imprisonment and forfeiture of goods. Her uncle, the Duke of Norfolk, distanced himself from the scandal by retreating to
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2994:
there is no indication that Henry would have chosen that alternative. Initially Catherine made a frank confession of her relationship with Dereham, but subsequently she steadfastly denied any pre-contract, maintaining that Dereham had raped her.
533:
expensive cloth upon Catherine. The first administrative evidence of this was a grant made on 24 April 1540. Henry called her his 'very jewel of womanhood' (that he called her his 'rose without a thorn' is likely a myth). The French ambassador,
3514:β1655), and have provenances linking them with the Cromwell family. He argued that the portrait in the Toledo Museum of Art, "should by rights depict a lady of the Cromwell family aged 21 c. 1535β40" and suggested that the lady might be
3351:
443:
nonetheless inappropriate, on several levels." He believes Catherine was increasingly repulsed by Mannox's pressure to have sex with her and was angered by his gossiping with servants about the details of what had gone on between them.
308:β 1509) when she married Lord Edmund Howard, and they had another six together, Catherine being about her mother's tenth child. With little to sustain the family, her father often had to beg for the help of his more affluent relatives.
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3287:
3337:. Finally, Moyle notes that, royal jewelry of the Queens of England, then and now, is property of the crown and current titleholder. As such, individual pieces would have been passed down and worn by multiple of Henry's queens.
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Culpeper called Catherine "my little, sweet fool" in a love letter. It has been alleged that in spring 1541 the pair were meeting secretly. Their meetings were allegedly arranged by one of Catherine's older ladies-in-waiting,
2980:, 1 November 1541, the King arranged to be found praying in the Chapel Royal. There he received a letter describing the allegations against Catherine. On 7 November 1541, Archbishop Cranmer led a delegation of councillors to
4699:, p. 32: "The necklace, though with a different pendant, can be seen in both the full-sized portrait of Jane Seymour, Henry's third consort, and in the miniature thought to depict Henry's fifth wife, Katherine Howard".
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3562:
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and George Boleyn, also lay. Other cousins were also in the crowd, including the Earl of Surrey. King Henry did not attend. Catherine's body was not one of those identified during restorations of the chapel during
3173:(2003). Several of these writers have been highly critical of Catherine's conduct, if sympathetic to her eventual fate and regarding her punishment as excessive. Baldwin Smith described Catherine's life as one of
3317:, who also married the king in 1540 (making the dating by David Starkey still accurate and confirmed with a potential re-identification). Instead, Moyle was "struck by the sitter's uncanny likeness" to Holbein's
2972:
During the investigation a love letter written in the Queen's distinctive handwriting was found in Culpeper's chambers. This is the only letter of hers that has survived (other than her later "confession").
784:
3318:
723:. Little changed at court, other than the arrival of many Howards. Every day she dressed with new clothes in the French fashion bedecked with precious jewels, decorated in gold around her sleeves.
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5327:
3398:
5830:. Catalogue of an exhibition held at the galleries of Philip Mould Ltd, 6β18 March 2007. London: Philip Mould Ltd. pp. 70β75, ill. (col.), 109β124: Inventory is BL Stowe MS 599, ff. 55β68.
4850:
7069:
7119:
3426:, indicating that the lady was depicted at the age of twenty-one, the portrait has long been associated with Henry VIII's young queen, but she is now thought to be a member of the
7019:
2922:, a young man who "had succeeded in the Queen's affections", according to Dereham's later testimony. She had considered marrying Culpeper during her time as a maid-of-honour to
48:
3366:
777:
4560:, p. 50: "Research on Tudor miniatures before c. 1570 indicates a sitter of exceptional importance, as duplicates in the case of women exist only as Henry VIII's queens."
7049:
462:, agreeing to a precontract of marriage. If indeed they exchanged vows before having sexual intercourse, they would have been considered married in the eyes of the Church.
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3577:
267:
in Surrey, just 19 days after the annulment of his marriage to Anne. He was 49, and it is widely accepted that she was about 17 at the time of her marriage to Henry VIII.
270:
Catherine was stripped of her title as queen in November 1541 and beheaded three months later on the grounds of treason for committing adultery with her distant cousin,
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3152:(2017). Each is more or less sympathetic, though they disagree on various important points involving Catherine's motivations, date of birth and overall character.
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apparently lax. The Dowager Duchess was often at Court and seems to have had little direct involvement in the upbringing of her wards and young female attendants.
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3212:
also takes a kinder, modern view of the accusations against Catherine and their relation to the men who took advantage of her in her youth. In her BBC miniseries
621:
4758:
Moyle has drawn connections between the woman shown in this miniature portrait to a 1539 portrait of Anne of Cleves in the Victoria & Albert Museum in London
3201:(Catherine's stepdaughter), Tracy Borman wrote that Catherine was "as much a sexual predator as Dereham" and blamed Catherine almost entirely for her own fate.
573:
3556:, "One of the most striking portraits of a woman Holbein ever delivered was of Cromwell's daughter-in-law, painted probably in 1539 as she turned twenty-one."
7059:
3499:
noted that both the Toledo portrait and the National Portrait Gallery version appear in the context of a series of portraits of members of the family of the
715:, came to her chamber to report on the King's well-being. No plans were made for a coronation, yet she still travelled downriver in the royal barge into the
4713:
4729:
Art historian Franny Moyle has amassed evidence to show that this is the face of the noblewoman whom the king married in 1540 to form a political alliance
7054:
5335:
3301:
However, in more recent years, the traditional assumptions about these portraits are being challenged, and with reasonable evidence. The art historian,
446:
Mannox and Catherine both confessed during her adultery inquisitions as the wife of King Henry that they had engaged in sexual contact, but not actual
7094:
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6425:
3204:
Loades's and Borman's characterizations are unusually harsh, however. The general trend has been more fair to Catherine, particularly in the works of
1224:
1095:
342:. He was dismissed from his post in 1539, and died in March 1539. Catherine was the third of Henry VIII's wives to have been a member of the English
5127:, c. 1535, attributed to Lucas Horenbout, at the Yale Center for British Art, New Haven (ref. B1974.2.59), whom they identify as Catherine Howard.
2394:
1410:
958:
312:
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reportedly contacted her for favours in return for their silence, and some of these blackmailers may have been appointed to her royal household.
757:
Preparations were in place for any signs of a royal pregnancy, reported by Marillac on 15 April as "if it be found true, to have her crowned at
7114:
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5408:(5): King Henry the Eighth: Foreign Correspondence: 1537-1542. Published Under the Authority of her Majesty's Commission. London: . p.
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6754:
6591:
6546:
3519:
2935:
5086:, Plate 27: "There can be little doubt that this Holbein masterpiece, the original in Toledo, depicts Elizabeth Seymour (c 1518β1568) ..."
4220:
3032:, a poet, remained a favourite of the King. Meanwhile, the King sank further into morbidity and indulged his appetite for food and women.
430:
Agnes Howard, nΓ©e Tilney, the second wife of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, line engraving from 1793, based on an original from 1513.
3345:
A Holbein drawing (below) is also traditionally identified as being of Catherine Howard, but this also appears to be without foundation.
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she states that today, instead of the "good-time girl" some historians accuse her of having been, we would call her an "abused child."
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Lady Rochford was executed immediately thereafter on Tower Green. Both bodies were buried in an unmarked grave in the nearby chapel of
707:
Catherine was young, joyous and carefree. She was too young to take part in administrative matters of State. Nevertheless, every night
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471:
434:
The details and dates of this relationship are debated among modern historians. The most popular theory, first put forward in 2004 by
283:
256:
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5868:. Catalogue of an exhibition held at the Victoria & Albert Museum, 9 Julyβ6 November 1983. London: Victoria & Albert Museum.
212:
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6204:
6106:
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5898:
5774:
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5640:
5589:
5565:
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1998:
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31:
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3325:. She also makes note of the fact that Holbein, who is known for using symbolism in subtle ways, chose to mount the miniature on a
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was "a measure of her stupidity"; however, he also said that she died when she was "just 20 years old, a mere child". In her book
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and her execution was scheduled for 7:00 a.m. on Monday 13 February 1542. Arrangements for the execution were supervised by
1976:
1427:
491:
395:
372:
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described Catherine as a "stupid and oversexed adolescent" who "certainly behaved like a whore", and wrote that her denial of a
738:. The King embarked on a lavish spending spree to celebrate his marriage, with extensive refurbishments and developments at the
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Her life has also been described in the five collective studies of Henry's queens that have appeared since the publication of
319:. Therefore, Catherine Howard was the first cousin of Anne Boleyn, and the first cousin once removed of Lady Elizabeth (later
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failing to find a new match, Norfolk saw an opportunity. The Howards may have sought to recreate the influence gained during
259:. Thomas Howard was a prominent politician at Henry's court. He secured her a place in the household of Henry's fourth wife,
232:
5737:
4258:
6769:
6418:
5665:
5492:
3279:
3266:, have been traditionally considered to be contemporary portraits of the ill fated queen. The Royal Collection version at
3104:
700:, meaning "No other will but his". The marriage was made public on 8 August, and prayers were said in the Chapel Royal at
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on 28 July 1540, the same day Cromwell was executed. She was a teenager and he was 49. Catherine adopted the French motto
132:
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Unfortunately Catherine did not have a good start in life, mostly due to the routinely poor decisions of her father,
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uses the common modern spelling "Catherine"; other historians use the traditional English form "Katherine", such as
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After Catherine's mother died in 1528, her father married two more times. In 1531, he was appointed Controller of
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3620:(circa 1535), has also been considered as a potential miniature of Katherine. However, upon further analysis by
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3385:
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74:
58:
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4985:, pp. 278β281: "The portrait should by rights depict a lady of the Cromwell family aged 21 c. 1535β40..."
497:
The King had displayed little interest in Anne from the beginning, but some historians have argued that, with
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debate to later generations." Debate continues about the identity of the sitter(s) for potential portraits.
3156:
3149:
2137:
5121:, c. 1540β45 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (ref. 49.7.30) seems to depict the same sitter as
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1953:
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There are several spellings of "Katherine". Her one surviving signature spells it "Katheryn". Biographer
3526:. He stated that a "dated parallel for costume, notably the distinctive cut of the sleeves, is Holbein's
3278:, Vienna. It is also identical to that worn in two other portraits of Henry VIII's Queens, one being the
3116:'s reign. She is commemorated on a plaque on the west wall dedicated to all those who died in the Tower.
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6694:
6677:
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5523:
James, Susan E.; Franco, Jamie S. (2000). "Susanna Horenbout, Levina Teerlinc and the Mask of Royalty".
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Catherine may have been involved during her marriage to the King with Henry's favourite male courtier,
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Unknown woman, formerly known as Catherine Howard, late 17th century, after Hans Holbein the Younger
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6335:
Original images of the Act concerning the Attainder of the late Queen Katharine and her Complices
6164:
6156:
5977:
5849:
5695:
5682:
5608:
5511:
5266:
5241:
5037:
Anne of Cleves was queen consort from 6 January β 9 July 1540. Until 1752, the year commenced on
4743:"New Research Raises Questions About the Subject of a Celebrated Hans Holbein Miniature Portrait"
3247:
2377:
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1845:
1604:
731:
712:
708:
399:
379:
287:
244:
191:
6491:
6290:
5808:
2977:
390:, whom Edmund approached regarding a position; he was assigned to be the Comptroller at Calais.
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5894:
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5585:
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5425:
5395:
5381:
5312:
5289:
5270:
5258:
5213:
5209:
4354:
3587:
3548:. Antonia Fraser has argued that the sitter is Jane Seymour's sister, Elizabeth, the widow of
3392:, in 1909, as Catherine Howard. The portrait (below), dated c. 1535β1540, is exhibited at the
3088:
3053:
3040:
2981:
2888:
2424:
2413:
1570:
526:
518:
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may have seen Catherine as a figurehead for their fight by expressed determination to restore
320:
5034:
4802:
6774:
6759:
6510:
6263:
6148:
5674:
5626:
5501:
5409:
5399:
5254:
3764:
3718:
3680:
3255:
1821:
522:
328:
3754:"Anne [Anne of Cleves] (1515β1557), queen of England, fourth consort of Henry VIII"
2997:
Catherine was stripped of her title as queen on 23 November 1541 and imprisoned in the new
6857:
6814:
6606:
6520:
6515:
6038:
3591:
3549:
3523:
3500:
3427:
3326:
2919:
2177:
693:
510:
498:
483:
479:
455:
403:
271:
264:
240:
118:
5286:
A Queen of New Invention: Portraits of Lady Jane Grey Dudley, England's 'Nine Days Queen'
6328:
5652:
The Drawings of Hans Holbein in the Collection of His Majesty the King at Windsor Castle
3329:
playing card and by doing so, it is speculated, was referring to the miniature as being
3028:
to write a letter of apology, laying all the blame on his niece and stepmother. His son
671:
6872:
6784:
6729:
6671:
6661:
6379:
6357:
5371:
4202:
4169:
3654:
3537:
3489:
Unknown woman, formerly known as Catherine Howard, 1902, after Hans Holbein the Younger
3330:
3314:
3283:
3267:
3205:
3113:
2954:
2950:
2923:
2726:
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716:
677:
643:
475:
439:
435:
355:
339:
298:
260:
248:
201:
180:
54:
2964:
6993:
6964:
6794:
6168:
5801:
5796:
5766:
5718:
5655:
5601:
5441:
5305:
3313:
is not a likeness of Catherine Howard. Instead, she argues that it is a depiction of
3208:, Karen Lindsey, Joanna Denny, Conor Byrne, Josephine Wilkinson, and Gareth Russell.
3166:
3021:
2945:
People who claimed to have witnessed her earlier sexual behaviour while she lived at
2042:
1276:
689:
514:
506:
291:
175:
5506:
5487:
6949:
6656:
6636:
6072:
5575:
3553:
3403:
3302:
3291:
3209:
3186:
3137:
3057:
3009:
2652:
742:. This was followed by more expensive gifts for Christmas at Hampton Court Palace.
627:
324:
6275:
6197:
Divorced, Beheaded, Survived: Feminist Reinterpretation of the Wives of Henry VIII
5230:(July 1910). "A Portrait of Queen Catherine Howard, by Hans Holbein the Younger".
3881:
3783:
3737:
655:
5884:
5760:
5630:
5579:
5555:
5375:
454:
was still living in Lambeth in 1541. Shortly afterward, Catherine was pursued by
6651:
6094:
5227:
4266:
3610:
3389:
3198:
3190:
3108:
3025:
2939:
2828:
2625:
727:
609:
502:
387:
375:, where Catherine would spend a large portion of her childhood and adolescence.
316:
252:
17:
5678:
5663:
Potter, David (2002). "Sir John Gage, Tudor Courtier and Soldier (1479β1556)".
6267:
6152:
5861:
5835:
5607:. With a new introduction written by Richard Martin (new ed.). New York:
3722:
3496:
3334:
3077:
3056:, she was led to her prison cell. The next day the bill of attainder received
2998:
2677:
802:
735:
603:
263:, where Howard caught the King's interest. She married him on 28 July 1540 at
6129:
5175:"Portrait of an Unknown Lady: Technical Analysis of an Early Tudor Miniature"
5108:
5106:
5104:
3768:
5483:
3002:
2850:
3599:
Most recently Susan James, Jamie Franco, and Conor Byrne have identified a
482:, Catherine quickly caught the eye of multiple men, including the King and
5866:
Artists of the Tudor Court: The Portrait Miniature Rediscovered, 1520β1620
5700:. Survey of London. Vol. 23. British History Online. pp. 137β140
3092:
advising him that "the lightness of women cannot bend the honour of men".
290:, was not wealthy, being the third son of his father β under the rules of
5890:
5039:
4714:"How Holbein Left Clever Clue in Portrait to Identify Henry VIII's Queen"
4259:"Letter of Queen Catherine Howard to Master Thomas Culpeper, Spring 1541"
3174:
3073:
474:, found her a place at Court in the household of the King's fourth wife,
343:
332:
6137:
Harris, Barbara J. (1990). "Women and Politics in Early Tudor England".
5738:"February 13th, 1542: The Execution of Catherine Howard and Jane Boleyn"
3707:
3008:
Culpeper and Dereham were arraigned at Guildhall on 1 December 1541 for
529:
with "feastings". However, Russell does not accept this interpretation.
6160:
5686:
3753:
2946:
758:
459:
415:
407:
367:
170:
105:
5853:
5515:
5245:
4568:
4566:
3621:
805:
and all six of his wives were related through a common ancestor, King
6689:
3124:
Catherine has been the subject of contention for modern biographies,
3013:
719:
to a gun salute and some acclamation. She was settled by jointure at
447:
411:
347:
4189:
Histoire gΓ©nΓ©alogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France
2953:, a supporter of Cromwell, approached the Archbishop of Canterbury,
323:), Anne's daughter by Henry VIII. She also was the second cousin of
3462:, 16th century, follower of Hans Holbein the Younger (Hever Castle)
3094:
2963:
748:
438:, was that the relationship between them was abusive, with Mannox
425:
6180:. Fayetteville, North Carolina: GMTA Publishing/Celestial Press.
301:, already had five children from her first husband, Ralph Leigh (
5464:"Howard, Sir George (by 1519β80), of London and Kidbrooke, Kent"
5255:"Wishful Thinking: Reading the Portraits of Henry VIII's Queens"
6407:
6238:
Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families
6217:
Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families
5328:"All that Glitters: Hans Holbein's Lady of the Cromwell Family"
3544:
and Derek Wilson believe that the portrait is likely to depict
3016:
on 10 December 1541, Culpeper being beheaded and Dereham being
6241:. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). CreateSpace. pp. 107β109.
6220:. Vol. II (2nd ed.). CreateSpace. pp. 407β418.
3708:"Katherine [Catalina, Catherine, Katherine of Aragon]"
730:. The royal couple's entourage travelled on honeymoon through
726:
The Queen escaped plague-ridden London in August 1540 when on
6307:
All that Glitters: Hans Holbein's Lady of the Cromwell Family
5828:
Lost Faces: Identity and Discovery in Tudor Royal Portraiture
4881:
4879:
4877:
282:
Catherine had an aristocratic ancestry as a granddaughter of
7080:
People executed under the Tudors for treason against England
5993:
Men of Power: Court intrigue in the life of Catherine Howard
4978:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4853:
Portrait of a Lady, probably a Member of the Cromwell Family
3443:
Portrait of a Lady, probably a Member of the Cromwell Family
3399:
Portrait of a Lady, probably a Member of the Cromwell Family
3020:. According to custom, their heads were placed on spikes on
4896:
4894:
4172:(1993). "The Plantagenet Descent of Henry and his Queens".
2934:(Lady Rochford), the widow of Catherine's executed cousin,
704:. Henry "indulged her every whim" thanks to her "caprice".
6235:
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.).
6214:
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.).
4955:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4631:, Hans Holbein the Younger. Strawberry Hill ID: sh-000454"
4002:
5468:
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1509β1558
5525:
Jaarboek Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen
5051:
5049:
4600:
Portrait of a Lady, perhaps Katherine Howard (1520β1542)
5789:
A Tudor Tragedy: The Life and Times of Catherine Howard
5762:
Young and Damned and Fair: the Life of Catherine Howard
5263:
Henry VIII and the Court: Art, Politics and Performance
4768:
4766:
4553:
4551:
4549:
3640:
She was forbidden to use the title on 23 November 1541.
294:, the eldest son inherited all of the father's estate.
5581:
The King's Painter: The Life and Times of Hans Holbein
4477:
4425:
4423:
4310:
4308:
4152:
4150:
4113:
4111:
3307:
The King's Painter: The Life and Times of Hans Holbein
3605:, attributed to the workshop of Hans Holbein, at the
4807:, c. 1532β43, Hans Holbein the Younger. RCIN 912218"
4572:
2985:
remove any objects she might use to commit suicide.
5030:
3402:. Two copies are extant: a 16th-century version at
207:
197:
187:
169:
140:
125:
112:
94:
90:
80:
73:
53:Portrait miniature possibly of Catherine Howard or
41:
5800:
5715:Holbein: The Paintings of Hans Holbein the Younger
5694:Roberts, Howard; Godfrey, Walter H., eds. (1951).
5600:
5440:
5304:
5112:
3752:
3706:
3571:, c. 1540β45, Workshop of Hans Holbein the Younger
3460:Portrait of a Lady, thought to be Catherine Howard
3409:Portrait of a Lady, thought to be Catherine Howard
255:(the second wife of Henry VIII), and the niece of
6841:Royal consorts in England and Scotland after the
4923:Unknown woman, formerly known as Catherine Howard
4602:, c. 1540, Hans Holbein the Younger. RCIN 422293"
3959:"The Marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine Howard"
3419:Unknown woman, formerly known as Catherine Howard
3229:Portrait Miniature assumed to be Katherine Howard
753:Coat of arms of Catherine Howard as queen consort
7070:People executed by Tudor England by decapitation
5826:Starkey, David (2007). Grosvenor, Bendor (ed.).
4672:, c. 1540, Hans Holbein the Younger (studio of)"
3048:unequivocally guilty. No formal trial was held.
6979:Spouses of debatable or disputed rulers are in
6291:Letter from Catherine Howard to Thomas Culpeper
5883:Wagner, John A.; Schmid, Susan Walters (2012).
3422:, dating from the late 17th century. Inscribed
3384:A contemporary portrait of a lady in black, by
2968:Letter from Catherine Howard to Thomas Culpeper
7120:Converts to Anglicanism from Roman Catholicism
6014:(revised ed.). London, UK: Random House.
5960:The Lady in The Tower: The Fall of Anne Boleyn
5206:Katherine Howard: Henry VIII's Slandered Queen
3142:Katherine Howard: Henry VIII's Slandered Queen
3099:Catherine Howard's grave, St. Peter ad Vincula
6419:
5838:(May 1967). "Holbein in England β I and II".
5115:, p. 124, fig. 22: It is suggested that
3185:, which profiles 14 consorts and sovereigns,
778:
567:
30:For other people named Catherine Howard, see
8:
7020:Burials at the Church of St Peter ad Vincula
6262:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
6101:. London: Quercus. p. 183, pl. (col.).
6044:A Manual of Heraldry, Historical and Popular
5533:"Letters and Papers, Henry VIII (1509β1547)"
3763:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
3717:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
6256:Warnicke, Retha M. (2008) . "Katherine ".
5635:(hardback). Chalford: Amberley Publishing.
5136:
4959:
4707:
4705:
3107:, where the bodies of Catherine's cousins,
3043:, which was passed on 7 February 1542. The
7050:People convicted under a bill of attainder
6891:
6833:
6456:
6451:
6426:
6412:
6404:
6339:
6327:
5982:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5422:The Northern Renaissance: DΓΌrer to Holbein
5083:
4635:The Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University
4078:
3373:Unknown woman engraved as Catherine Howard
785:
771:
763:
574:
560:
402:. The duchess managed large households at
235:from July 1540 until November 1541 as the
38:
7085:People from the London Borough of Lambeth
5505:
5424:. London: Royal Collection Publications.
688:King Henry and Catherine were married by
331:was the sister of Seymour's grandmother,
6178:Catherine Howard - Henry's Fifth Failure
6012:Hans Holbein: Portrait of an Unknown Man
5889:(hardback). Vol. 3. Santa Barbara:
5006:
4287:
3223:
6259:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4900:
4885:
4855:, c. 1535β40, Hans Holbein the Younger"
4696:
4654:
4584:
4513:
4465:
4338:
4066:
4042:
4030:
3990:
3978:
3952:
3950:
3941:
3917:
3868:
3856:
3844:
3832:
3820:
3808:
3760:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3751:Warnicke, Retha M (23 September 2004).
3714:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3669:
3633:
3558:
3432:
3347:
3171:The Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII
398:, her step-grandmother and the Dowager
6118:The Canon of Sir Thomas Wyatt's Poetry
5975:
5488:"The Fall of Anne Boleyn Reconsidered"
5447:(hardback). New York: William Morrow.
5173:Saltmarsh, Polly (30 September 2020).
5160:
5067:
5055:
5018:
4994:
4982:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4789:
4629:Portrait Miniature of Katherine Howard
4557:
4441:
4326:
3676:
358:were royalty from continental Europe.
6463:Royal consorts in Scotland until 1603
5697:Norfolk House and Old Paradise Street
5288:. Palm Springs: Old John Publishing.
5148:
5095:
4772:
4670:Portrait of Jane Seymour (1509?β1537)
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7:
6460:Royal consorts in England until 1603
6077:Katherine Howard: A Tudor Conspiracy
5736:Russell, Gareth (13 February 2011).
5632:Jane Seymour: Henry VIII's True Love
5420:Heard, Kate; Whitaker, Lucy (2013).
5353:"Catherine Howard and the Cromwells"
5351:Fitzgerald, Teri (4 November 2019).
4830:
4538:Russell, England (director) (2016).
4525:
4501:
4489:
4453:
4429:
4414:
4402:
4390:
4378:
4366:
4350:
4314:
4265:. Englishhistory.net. Archived from
4233:
4156:
4141:
4129:
4117:
4102:
4090:
4054:
4018:
3905:
3692:
3520:Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell
3360:c. 1532β43, Hans Holbein the Younger
3134:Katherine Howard: A Tudor Conspiracy
3076:. According to popular folklore her
7060:Howard family (English aristocracy)
6300:, which describes Catherine's death
5934:(hardback). London: Jonathan Cape.
5803:Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII
5326:Fitzgerald, Teri (18 August 2019).
3388:, was identified by art historian,
3045:Royal Assent by Commission Act 1541
6930:Caroline of Brunswick-WolfenbΓΌttel
6315:Catherine Howard and the Cromwells
3052:until 1546). Entering through the
3035:Catherine remained in limbo until
284:Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
257:Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
27:Queen of England from 1540 to 1541
25:
7055:Executions at the Tower of London
6925:Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
6899:British royal consorts after the
6325:National Portrait Gallery, London
3288:Workshop of Hans Holbein portrait
2932:Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford
698:"Non autre volontΓ© que la sienne"
32:Catherine Howard (disambiguation)
7095:Prisoners in the Tower of London
7075:People executed under Henry VIII
6391:28 July 1540 β 13 February 1542
6369:28 July 1540 β 13 February 1542
5414:She hath done wonderous naughtly
5396:Great Britain. Record Commission
3957:Ridgway, Claire (28 July 2010).
3576:
3561:
3481:
3467:
3452:
3435:
3365:
3350:
3039:introduced on 29 January 1542 a
2046:Baroness FitzHugh of Ravensworth
670:
654:
636:
620:
602:
586:
211:
116:13 February 1542 (aged about 19)
47:
6940:Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
6920:Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
5995:. Glastonbury: Martin Wheeler.
5470:. Historyofparliamentonline.org
3331:Anne of Cleves, the Fourth Wife
2896:
2858:
2836:
2686:
2443:
2203:
2196:
1128:
1014:
851:
513:, the religiously conservative
394:Henry were sent to be wards of
159:
121:, London, England (decapitated)
85:28 July 1540 β 23 November 1541
6052:Byrne, Conor (1 August 2014).
6047:. London: Winsor & Newton.
4003:Letters and Papers, Henry VIII
3524:Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex
1:
7115:Child sexual abuse in England
6321:Portraits of Catherine Howard
6054:"Katherine Howard's Birthday"
5886:Encyclopedia of Tudor England
5666:The English Historical Review
5507:10.1093/ehr/CVII.CCCCXXIV.651
5493:The English Historical Review
4741:Selvin, Claire (3 May 2021).
4712:Alberge, Dalya (2 May 2021).
3705:Edwards, John (19 May 2011).
3508:
3416:exhibits a similar painting,
3250:by Hans Holbein the Younger,
2642:
2615:
2589:
2464:
2404:
2385:
2368:
2238:
2168:
2033:
1967:
1813:
1793:
1657:
1625:
1401:
972:
302:
286:(1443β1524), but her father,
225:
133:Church of St Peter ad Vincula
98:
62:
7105:16th-century Roman Catholics
6960:Philip of Greece and Denmark
6915:George of Denmark and Norway
6878:George of Denmark and Norway
6276:UK public library membership
6199:. Cambridge: Da Capo Press.
6116:Harrier, Richard C. (1975).
5307:A Treasure of Royal Scandals
5284:Edwards, J. Stephan (2015).
3784:UK public library membership
3738:UK public library membership
3323:Victoria & Albert Museum
3177:and characterized her as a "
3030:Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
2029:
1776:
951:
521:to England. Catholic bishop
478:. As a young and attractive
7125:Household of Anne of Cleves
7090:Executed people from London
7065:Ladies of the Privy Chamber
6176:Lawrence-Young, D. (2014).
5991:Wheeler, Elisabeth (2008).
5913:The Six Wives of Henry VIII
5466:. In Bindoff, S. T. (ed.).
5377:The Six Wives of Henry VIII
5311:. New York: Penguin Books.
5124:Portrait of an Unknown Lady
4540:Six Wives with Lucy Worsley
4191:. Vol. 2. p. 741.
3618:portrait of an Unknown Lady
3584:Portrait of an Unknown Lady
3162:The Six Wives of Henry VIII
3144:by Conor Byrne (2019), and
3018:hanged, drawn and quartered
7141:
7015:16th-century English women
6935:Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
5951:Henry VIII: King and Court
5932:Henry VIII: King and Court
5742:Confessions of a Ci-Devant
5303:Farquhar, Michael (2001).
4478:State Papers 8 (5), p. 636
4205:(1993). "Anne of Cleves".
3607:Metropolitan Museum of Art
3311:Royal Collection miniature
525:entertained the couple at
414:, and at Norfolk House in
373:Dowager Duchess of Norfolk
243:. She was the daughter of
29:
6977:
6910:
6894:
6890:
6863:Henrietta Maria of France
6853:
6836:
6832:
6454:
6450:
6396:Crown of Ireland Act 1542
6386:
6371:
6362:
6349:
6342:
6153:10.1017/S0018246X00013327
5915:. New York: Grove Press.
5603:Tudor Costume and Fashion
5257:. In Betteridge, Thomas;
5118:Portrait of a Young Woman
4929:National Portrait Gallery
4657:, pp. xxvi, 650β651.
4573:Heard & Whitaker 2013
3602:Portrait of a Young Woman
3569:Portrait of a Young Woman
3414:National Portrait Gallery
3146:Young and Damned and Fair
2799:
2797:
2773:
2771:
2763:
2761:
2558:
2556:
2548:
2546:
2534:
2532:
2520:
2518:
2510:
2508:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2488:
2456:
2454:
2428:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2323:
2321:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2261:
2259:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2112:
2104:
2102:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2082:
2070:
2068:
2056:
2054:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2008:
1940:
1938:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1908:
1900:
1898:
1886:
1884:
1872:
1870:
1748:
1746:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1726:
1718:
1716:
1708:
1706:
1694:
1692:
1680:
1678:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1527:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1493:
1491:
1479:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1457:
1455:
1447:
1445:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1318:
1316:
1304:
1302:
1290:
1288:
1240:
1238:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1157:
1155:
1143:
1141:
1065:
1063:
1043:
1041:
1029:
1027:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
902:
898:
896:
894:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
46:
6705:Ethelreda of Northumbria
6365:Queen consort of England
6122:Harvard University Press
5679:10.1093/ehr/117.474.1109
5599:Norris, Herbert (1998).
5584:. London: Head of Zeus.
5439:Herman, Eleanor (2006).
5151:, pp. 107β115, 185.
5031:Wagner & Schmid 2012
4033:, pp. 89β90, 97β98.
3386:Hans Holbein the Younger
3309:(2021), argues that the
3276:Kunsthistorisches Museum
3272:portrait of Jane Seymour
3197:, profiling the rise of
3012:. They were executed at
231:β 13 February 1542) was
75:Queen consort of England
59:Hans Holbein the Younger
7035:English Roman Catholics
6298:Six Wives of Henry VIII
6195:Lindsey, Karen (1995).
5841:The Burlington Magazine
5713:Rowlands, John (1985).
5557:Thomas Cromwell: A Life
5462:Hyde, Patricia (1982).
5380:. London, UK: Phoenix.
5233:The Burlington Magazine
5113:James & Franco 2000
4207:The Wives of Henry VIII
4174:The Wives of Henry VIII
3799:, pp. 25, 183β187.
3183:Tudor Queens of England
1670:Countess of Westmorland
549:Six wives of Henry VIII
470:Catherine's uncle, the
7110:16th-century Anglicans
7040:Executed English women
6720:Ermengarde de Beaumont
6472:Γlfgifu of Shaftesbury
6140:The Historical Journal
6010:Wilson, Derek (2006).
5953:(ebook). Random House.
5650:Parker, K. T. (1945).
5560:. London: Allen Lane.
5537:British History Online
5253:Dolman, Brett (2013).
4811:Royal Collection Trust
4606:Royal Collection Trust
3495:In 1967 art historian
3447:(Toledo Museum of Art)
3319:1539 miniature of Anne
3286:and the other being a
3234:
3233:(Buccleuch Collection)
3100:
3066:Constable of the Tower
2989:Imprisonment and death
2969:
754:
431:
366:Catherine was born in
6868:Catherine of Braganza
6695:Ingibiorg Finnsdottir
6570:Isabella of AngoulΓͺme
6565:Berengaria of Navarre
6477:ΓthelflΓ¦d of Damerham
6268:10.1093/ref:odnb/4892
5958:Weir, Alison (2009).
5949:Weir, Alison (2011).
5930:Weir, Alison (2001).
5791:. New York: Pantheon.
5204:Byrne, Conor (2019).
4805:An unidentified woman
3886:Spartacus Educational
3811:, pp. 19, 55β60.
3723:10.1093/ref:odnb/4891
3358:An unidentified woman
3227:
3098:
2967:
2398:Countess of Wiltshire
752:
553:and years of marriage
494:denied this request.
429:
327:, as her grandmother
311:Her father's sister,
147:Henry VIII of England
6955:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
6945:Alexandra of Denmark
6800:Francis II of France
6602:Philippa of Hainault
6553:Eleanor of Aquitaine
6547:Geoffrey Plantagenet
6120:. Cambridge, Mass.:
6099:The Tudor Chronicles
6079:. London: Portrait.
5785:Smith, Lacey Baldwin
5552:MacCulloch, Diarmaid
5269:. pp. 115β129.
4925:, late 17th century"
4859:Toledo Museum of Art
4081:, pp. 519, 696.
3769:10.1093/ref:odnb/558
3529:Christina of Denmark
3394:Toledo Museum of Art
3377:Francesco Bartolozzi
3315:Queen Anne of Cleves
3284:Queen Catherine Parr
3264:Buccleuch Collection
3105:St. Peter ad Vincula
1806:Baroness de Clifford
1391:Countess of Flanders
1228:Countess of Flanders
985:Countess of Hereford
702:Hampton Court Palace
315:, was the mother of
297:Catherine's mother,
7100:Wives of Henry VIII
6843:Union of the Crowns
6790:Madeleine of Valois
6780:Margaret of Denmark
6735:Margaret of England
6715:Maud of Northumbria
6710:Sybilla of Normandy
6647:Catherine of Aragon
6632:Elizabeth Woodville
6622:Catherine of Valois
6582:Eleanor of Provence
6541:Matilda of Boulogne
6531:Matilda of Scotland
6526:Matilda of Flanders
5809:Chatto & Windus
5357:onthetudortrail.com
5332:queenanneboleyn.com
5179:British Art Studies
5163:, pp. 124β126.
4888:, pp. 385β387.
4833:, pp. 193β199.
4528:, pp. 457β458.
4417:, pp. 651β664.
4381:, pp. 456β457.
4341:, pp. 313β319.
4302:, pp. 170β171.
4144:, pp. 446β447.
4132:, pp. 440β441.
4093:, pp. 432β433.
3859:, pp. 137β140.
3651:Lacey Baldwin Smith
3622:British Art Studies
3550:Sir Anthony Ughtred
3542:Diarmaid MacCulloch
3505:Sir Oliver Cromwell
3248:portrait miniatures
3179:juvenile delinquent
3130:Lacey Baldwin Smith
2706:Catherine of Aragon
2251:Lady Parr of Kendal
1783:Margaret de Mowbray
1414:Countess of Arundel
1225:Margaret of Brabant
1099:Earl of Northampton
807:Edward I of England
794:wives of Henry VIII
792:Family tree of the
740:Palace of Whitehall
594:Catherine of Aragon
535:Charles de Marillac
352:Catherine of Aragon
6901:Acts of Union 1707
6745:Elizabeth de Burgh
6700:Margaret of Wessex
6612:Isabella of Valois
6597:Isabella of France
6592:Margaret of France
6587:Eleanor of Castile
6576:Blanche of Castile
6559:Margaret of France
6536:Adeliza of Louvain
6497:Sigrid the Haughty
6376:Title next held by
6354:Title last held by
6058:On the Tudor Trail
5673:(474): 1109β1146.
5609:Dover Publications
5527:. pp. 91β125.
5443:Sex with the Queen
5267:Ashgate Publishing
5259:Lipscomb, Suzannah
4269:on 10 October 2012
3882:"Catherine Howard"
3379:after Hans Holbein
3292:Queen Jane Seymour
3235:
3101:
2970:
2248:Elizabeth FitzHugh
1605:Elizabeth Mortimer
1591:Duchess of Norfolk
1588:Elizabeth Fitzalan
1431:Countess of Ulster
1411:Elizabeth Fitzalan
962:Duchess of Brabant
755:
713:Groom of the Stool
709:Sir Thomas Heneage
432:
400:Duchess of Norfolk
288:Lord Edmund Howard
245:Lord Edmund Howard
192:Lord Edmund Howard
68:(Royal Collection)
7030:English Anglicans
6987:
6986:
6973:
6972:
6886:
6885:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6822:
6765:Anabella Drummond
6755:Margaret Drummond
6750:Joan of the Tower
6642:Elizabeth of York
6627:Margaret of Anjou
6402:
6401:
6313:Teri Fitzgerald,
6305:Teri Fitzgerald,
6274:(Subscription or
5969:978-0-224-06319-7
5627:Norton, Elizabeth
5387:978-1-8421-2633-2
5338:on 6 October 2019
5210:The History Press
4903:, pp. 70β75.
4329:, pp. 81β82.
3993:, pp. 55β56.
3932:, pp. 58β60.
3847:, pp. 44β45.
3823:, pp. 16β19.
3782:(Subscription or
3736:(Subscription or
3546:Elizabeth Seymour
3516:Elizabeth Seymour
3280:Hastings portrait
3199:Queen Elizabeth I
3195:Elizabeth's Women
3089:Sir William Paget
3041:bill of attainder
2982:Winchester Palace
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2425:Elizabeth of York
2414:Margery Wentworth
2218:Margaret Beaufort
1862:Earl of Salisbury
1765:Duchess of Cleves
1280:Duke of Lancaster
1256:Lionel of Antwerp
527:Winchester Palace
519:Roman Catholicism
321:Queen Elizabeth I
219:
218:
135:, Tower of London
108:, London, England
16:(Redirected from
7132:
7045:Executed royalty
7000:Catherine Howard
6892:
6834:
6775:Mary of Guelders
6760:Euphemia de Ross
6740:Yolande de Dreux
6678:Guildford Dudley
6667:Catherine Howard
6511:Emma of Normandy
6457:
6452:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6405:
6388:Lady of Ireland
6340:
6331:
6279:
6271:
6252:
6231:
6210:
6191:
6172:
6133:
6112:
6090:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6048:
6039:Boutell, Charles
6025:
6006:
5987:
5981:
5973:
5954:
5945:
5926:
5904:
5879:
5857:
5848:(770): 276β281.
5831:
5822:
5806:
5792:
5780:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5732:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5690:
5659:
5646:
5622:
5606:
5595:
5571:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5528:
5519:
5509:
5500:(424): 651β664.
5479:
5477:
5475:
5458:
5446:
5435:
5416:
5391:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5334:. Archived from
5322:
5310:
5299:
5280:
5249:
5223:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5170:
5164:
5158:
5152:
5146:
5140:
5137:Fitzgerald 2019b
5134:
5128:
5110:
5099:
5093:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5065:
5059:
5053:
5044:
5028:
5022:
5016:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4992:
4986:
4980:
4963:
4960:Fitzgerald 2019a
4957:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4917:
4904:
4898:
4889:
4883:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4847:
4834:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4799:
4793:
4787:
4776:
4770:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4753:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4724:
4709:
4700:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4594:
4588:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4561:
4555:
4544:
4543:
4535:
4529:
4523:
4517:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4493:
4487:
4481:
4475:
4469:
4463:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4348:
4342:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4312:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4263:Catherine Howard
4255:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4209:. Vintage Books.
4199:
4193:
4192:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4176:. Vintage Books.
4166:
4160:
4154:
4145:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3954:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3756:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3710:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3674:
3658:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3580:
3565:
3513:
3510:
3485:
3471:
3456:
3439:
3406:is exhibited as
3369:
3354:
3327:Four of Diamonds
3256:Royal Collection
2901:
2900:
2899: 1553β1558
2898:
2892:Queen of England
2886:
2863:
2862:
2861: 1547β1553
2860:
2848:
2841:
2840:
2839: 1558β1603
2838:
2832:Queen of England
2826:
2736:
2723:
2715:
2702:
2691:
2690:
2689: 1509β1547
2688:
2674:
2662:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2635:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2608:
2599:Catherine Howard
2595:
2594:
2593: 1524β1542
2591:
2582:
2569:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2448:
2447:
2446: 1485β1509
2445:
2433:
2422:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2395:Elizabeth Boleyn
2392:
2390:
2387:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2356:
2245:
2243:
2242: 1455/1465
2240:
2232:Queen of Castile
2226:
2215:
2208:
2207:
2206: 1470β1483
2205:
2200:
2199: 1461β1470
2198:
2186:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2152:
2135:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2031:
1996:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1951:
1856:
1843:
1836:Duke of Somerset
1830:
1822:Anne de Mortimer
1819:
1818:
1815:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1759:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1651:Queen of Castile
1645:
1638:Earl of Somerset
1632:
1630:
1627:
1613:
1602:
1585:
1574:Duke of Burgundy
1568:
1425:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1385:
1274:
1259:Duke of Clarence
1253:
1222:
1133:
1132:
1131: 1327β1377
1130:
1118:
1096:William de Bohun
1093:
1076:
1019:
1018:
1017: 1307β1327
1016:
1004:
979:
977:
974:
956:
955:
953:
856:
855:
854: 1272β1307
853:
841:
812:
811:
787:
780:
773:
764:
674:
662:Catherine Howard
658:
640:
624:
606:
590:
576:
569:
562:
554:
523:Stephen Gardiner
466:Arrival at court
329:Elizabeth Tilney
313:Elizabeth Howard
307:
304:
233:Queen of England
230:
227:
222:Catherine Howard
215:
163:
161:
129:13 February 1542
103:
100:
86:
67:
64:
51:
42:Catherine Howard
39:
21:
18:Katherine Howard
7140:
7139:
7135:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7130:
7129:
7025:Culpeper family
6990:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6969:
6906:
6882:
6858:Anne of Denmark
6849:
6824:
6819:
6815:Anne of Denmark
6725:Joan of England
6683:
6617:Joan of Navarre
6607:Anne of Bohemia
6521:Edith of Mercia
6516:Edith of Wessex
6492:Γlfgifu of York
6446:
6441: and
6432:
6390:
6377:
6368:
6355:
6344:English royalty
6287:
6282:
6273:
6255:
6249:
6234:
6228:
6213:
6207:
6194:
6188:
6187:978-06159-69527
6175:
6136:
6115:
6109:
6093:
6087:
6071:
6062:
6060:
6051:
6037:
6033:
6031:Further reading
6028:
6022:
6009:
6003:
5990:
5974:
5970:
5957:
5948:
5942:
5929:
5923:
5907:
5901:
5882:
5876:
5860:
5834:
5825:
5819:
5795:
5783:
5777:
5767:William Collins
5757:Russell, Gareth
5755:
5746:
5744:
5735:
5729:
5712:
5703:
5701:
5693:
5662:
5649:
5643:
5625:
5619:
5598:
5592:
5574:
5568:
5550:
5541:
5539:
5531:
5522:
5482:
5473:
5471:
5461:
5455:
5438:
5432:
5419:
5394:
5388:
5372:Fraser, Antonia
5370:
5361:
5359:
5350:
5341:
5339:
5325:
5319:
5302:
5296:
5283:
5277:
5252:
5240:(88): 193β199.
5226:
5220:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5184:
5182:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5159:
5155:
5147:
5143:
5135:
5131:
5111:
5102:
5094:
5090:
5084:MacCulloch 2018
5082:
5078:
5066:
5062:
5054:
5047:
5029:
5025:
5017:
5013:
5005:
5001:
4993:
4989:
4981:
4966:
4958:
4945:
4934:
4932:
4919:
4918:
4907:
4899:
4892:
4884:
4875:
4864:
4862:
4849:
4848:
4837:
4829:
4825:
4815:
4813:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4788:
4779:
4771:
4764:
4751:
4749:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4722:
4720:
4711:
4710:
4703:
4695:
4691:
4681:
4679:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4653:
4649:
4639:
4637:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4583:
4579:
4571:
4564:
4556:
4547:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4524:
4520:
4512:
4508:
4500:
4496:
4488:
4484:
4476:
4472:
4464:
4460:
4452:
4448:
4444:, p. 1129.
4440:
4436:
4428:
4421:
4413:
4409:
4401:
4397:
4389:
4385:
4377:
4373:
4365:
4361:
4349:
4345:
4337:
4333:
4325:
4321:
4313:
4306:
4298:
4294:
4286:
4282:
4272:
4270:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4244:
4240:
4232:
4228:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4203:Fraser, Antonia
4201:
4200:
4196:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4170:Fraser, Antonia
4168:
4167:
4163:
4155:
4148:
4140:
4136:
4128:
4124:
4116:
4109:
4101:
4097:
4089:
4085:
4079:MacCulloch 2018
4077:
4073:
4065:
4061:
4053:
4049:
4041:
4037:
4029:
4025:
4017:
4013:
4001:
3997:
3989:
3985:
3977:
3973:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3948:
3940:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3888:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3867:
3863:
3855:
3851:
3843:
3839:
3831:
3827:
3819:
3815:
3807:
3803:
3795:
3791:
3781:
3773:
3771:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3727:
3725:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3691:
3687:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3661:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3595:
3592:Lucas Horenbout
3581:
3572:
3566:
3511:
3491:
3486:
3477:
3472:
3463:
3457:
3448:
3446:
3440:
3428:Cromwell family
3390:Sir Lionel Cust
3380:
3370:
3361:
3355:
3343:
3341:Other portraits
3244:
3232:
3222:
3165:(1991)βsuch as
3126:A Tudor Tragedy
3122:
3087:, when told by
3064:in his role as
2991:
2978:All Saints' Day
2920:Thomas Culpeper
2916:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2854:King of England
2853:
2849:
2846:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2682:King of England
2681:
2675:
2672:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2439:King of England
2438:
2434:
2431:
2423:
2420:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2216:
2213:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2192:King of England
2191:
2187:
2184:
2178:Henry Wentworth
2176:
2171:
2167:
2158:Duke of Norfolk
2157:
2153:
2150:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1980:Duke of Norfolk
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1861:
1859:Richard Neville
1857:
1854:
1849:King of Castile
1848:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1603:
1600:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:King of England
1123:
1119:
1116:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1082:Duke of Brabant
1081:
1077:
1074:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1010:King of England
1009:
1005:
1002:
984:
980:
975:
971:
961:
957:
950:
949:
850:
849:
848:
847:King of England
846:
842:
839:
791:
694:Oatlands Palace
686:
685:
684:
683:
682:
680:
675:
667:
666:
664:
659:
650:
649:
648:
646:
641:
633:
632:
630:
625:
616:
615:
614:
612:
607:
599:
598:
596:
591:
582:
581:
580:
555:
552:
551:
543:
511:Nicholas Sander
509:. According to
499:Thomas Cromwell
484:Thomas Culpeper
480:lady-in-waiting
472:Duke of Norfolk
468:
456:Francis Dereham
404:Chesworth House
364:
305:
280:
272:Thomas Culpeper
265:Oatlands Palace
241:King Henry VIII
228:
179:
165:
162: 1540)
157:
153:
150:
149:
136:
130:
119:Tower of London
117:
104:
101:
84:
69:
65:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7138:
7136:
7128:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6992:
6991:
6985:
6984:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6904:
6895:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6880:
6875:
6873:Mary of Modena
6870:
6865:
6860:
6854:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6847:
6837:
6830:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6785:Margaret Tudor
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6730:Marie de Coucy
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6681:
6674:
6672:Catherine Parr
6669:
6664:
6662:Anne of Cleves
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6555:
6550:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6461:
6455:
6448:
6447:
6445:royal consorts
6433:
6431:
6430:
6423:
6416:
6408:
6400:
6399:
6392:
6384:
6383:
6380:Catherine Parr
6375:
6370:
6361:
6358:Anne of Cleves
6353:
6347:
6346:
6338:
6337:
6332:
6318:
6310:
6302:
6293:
6286:
6285:External links
6283:
6281:
6280:
6253:
6248:978-1460992708
6247:
6232:
6227:978-1449966386
6226:
6211:
6205:
6192:
6186:
6173:
6147:(2): 259β281.
6134:
6113:
6107:
6091:
6085:
6069:
6049:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6020:
6007:
6001:
5988:
5968:
5955:
5946:
5940:
5927:
5921:
5905:
5899:
5880:
5874:
5858:
5832:
5823:
5817:
5797:Starkey, David
5793:
5781:
5775:
5753:
5733:
5727:
5710:
5691:
5660:
5647:
5641:
5623:
5617:
5596:
5590:
5572:
5566:
5548:
5529:
5520:
5480:
5459:
5453:
5436:
5430:
5417:
5392:
5386:
5368:
5348:
5323:
5317:
5300:
5294:
5281:
5275:
5250:
5224:
5218:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5165:
5153:
5141:
5129:
5100:
5098:, p. 484.
5088:
5076:
5060:
5058:, p. 215.
5045:
5023:
5021:, p. 281.
5011:
5009:, p. 146.
4999:
4997:, p. 281.
4987:
4964:
4943:
4905:
4890:
4873:
4861:. Toledo, Ohio
4835:
4823:
4794:
4777:
4775:, p. 496.
4762:
4733:
4701:
4689:
4659:
4647:
4618:
4589:
4587:, p. 383.
4577:
4575:, p. 183.
4562:
4545:
4530:
4518:
4506:
4504:, p. 482.
4494:
4492:, p. 475.
4482:
4470:
4458:
4456:, p. 480.
4446:
4434:
4432:, p. 481.
4419:
4407:
4395:
4393:, p. 478.
4383:
4371:
4369:, p. 474.
4359:
4343:
4331:
4319:
4317:, p. 453.
4304:
4292:
4280:
4250:
4248:, p. 173.
4238:
4236:, p. 454.
4226:
4212:
4194:
4179:
4161:
4159:, p. 449.
4146:
4134:
4122:
4120:, p. 437.
4107:
4105:, p. 433.
4095:
4083:
4071:
4059:
4057:, p. 432.
4047:
4035:
4023:
4021:, p. 413.
4011:
3995:
3983:
3981:, p. 279.
3971:
3946:
3934:
3922:
3910:
3908:, p. 424.
3898:
3873:
3861:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3813:
3801:
3789:
3743:
3697:
3685:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3655:Antonia Fraser
3642:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3597:
3596:
3594:(1490/95β1544)
3582:
3575:
3573:
3567:
3560:
3538:Antonia Fraser
3497:Sir Roy Strong
3493:
3492:
3487:
3480:
3478:
3473:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3451:
3449:
3441:
3434:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3364:
3362:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3339:
3243:
3240:
3221:
3218:
3206:Antonia Fraser
3150:Gareth Russell
3121:
3120:Historiography
3118:
3114:Queen Victoria
3054:Traitors' Gate
2990:
2987:
2955:Thomas Cranmer
2924:Anne of Cleves
2915:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2844:
2842:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2727:Catherine Parr
2719:
2717:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2639:
2637:
2612:
2610:
2586:
2584:
2573:Anne of Cleves
2564:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2429:
2427:
2418:
2416:
2401:
2399:
2382:
2380:
2365:
2363:
2362:Duke of Cleves
2355:1490β1538/1539
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2235:
2233:
2222:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2182:
2180:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2141:Duke of Cleves
2130:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1957:Duke of Cleves
1946:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1852:
1850:
1839:
1837:
1826:
1824:
1809:
1807:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1654:
1652:
1641:
1639:
1622:
1620:
1616:Roger Mortimer
1609:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
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817:
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797:
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790:
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775:
767:
721:Baynard Castle
717:City of London
678:Catherine Parr
676:
669:
668:
660:
653:
652:
651:
644:Anne of Cleves
642:
635:
634:
626:
619:
618:
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476:Anne of Cleves
467:
464:
436:Retha Warnicke
363:
360:
356:Anne of Cleves
299:Joyce Culpeper
279:
276:
261:Anne of Cleves
251:, a cousin to
249:Joyce Culpeper
217:
216:
209:
205:
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202:Joyce Culpeper
199:
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55:Anne of Cleves
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7137:
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6998:
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6982:
6976:
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6965:Camilla Shand
6963:
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6835:
6831:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6810:James Hepburn
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6795:Mary of Guise
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
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6770:Joan Beaufort
6768:
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6299:
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6254:
6250:
6244:
6240:
6239:
6233:
6229:
6223:
6219:
6218:
6212:
6208:
6206:0-201-40823-6
6202:
6198:
6193:
6189:
6183:
6179:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
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6142:
6141:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6114:
6110:
6108:9781847244222
6104:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6073:Denny, Joanna
6070:
6059:
6055:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6023:
6021:9781844139187
6017:
6013:
6008:
6004:
6002:9781872882017
5998:
5994:
5989:
5985:
5979:
5971:
5965:
5961:
5956:
5952:
5947:
5943:
5941:0-224-06022-8
5937:
5933:
5928:
5924:
5922:0-8021-3683-4
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5900:9781598842982
5896:
5892:
5888:
5887:
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5877:
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5867:
5863:
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5833:
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5824:
5820:
5814:
5810:
5805:
5804:
5798:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5782:
5778:
5776:9780008128296
5772:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5754:
5743:
5739:
5734:
5730:
5728:9780714823584
5724:
5720:
5716:
5711:
5699:
5698:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5667:
5661:
5657:
5656:Phaidon Press
5653:
5648:
5644:
5642:9781848681026
5638:
5634:
5633:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5614:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5597:
5593:
5591:9781788541206
5587:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5576:Moyle, Franny
5573:
5569:
5567:9780141967660
5563:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5549:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5485:
5484:Ives, Eric W.
5481:
5469:
5465:
5460:
5456:
5454:0-06-084673-9
5450:
5445:
5444:
5437:
5433:
5431:9781905686827
5427:
5423:
5418:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5358:
5354:
5349:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5320:
5318:0-7394-2025-9
5314:
5309:
5308:
5301:
5297:
5295:9780986387302
5291:
5287:
5282:
5278:
5276:9781409411857
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5219:9780750990608
5215:
5211:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5180:
5176:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5133:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5064:
5061:
5057:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5032:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5007:Rowlands 1985
5003:
5000:
4996:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4860:
4856:
4854:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4827:
4824:
4812:
4808:
4806:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4748:
4744:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4690:
4677:
4673:
4671:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4648:
4636:
4632:
4630:
4622:
4619:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4541:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4411:
4408:
4405:, p. 82.
4404:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4293:
4290:, p. 77.
4289:
4288:Farquhar 2001
4284:
4281:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4227:
4222:
4221:"Tudor Times"
4216:
4213:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4190:
4183:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4075:
4072:
4069:, p. 89.
4068:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4048:
4045:, p. 99.
4044:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3972:
3960:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3944:, p. 54.
3943:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3923:
3920:, p. 63.
3919:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3899:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3871:, p. 50.
3870:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3838:
3835:, p. 41.
3834:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3785:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3755:
3747:
3744:
3739:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3709:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3490:
3484:
3479:
3476:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3424:ETATIS SVΓ 21
3421:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3321:, now in the
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3241:
3239:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3167:David Starkey
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3062:Sir John Gage
3059:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3022:London Bridge
3019:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:George Boleyn
2933:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2913:
2904:
2890:
2852:
2830:
2806:
2804:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2680:
2679:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2636:
2628:
2627:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2565:
2563:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2437:
2426:
2415:
2396:
2379:
2378:Edmund Howard
2360:
2352:
2349:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2230:
2219:
2190:
2179:
2156:
2155:Thomas Howard
2139:
2131:
2129:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2043:Alice Neville
2000:
1989:Mary Clifford
1978:
1955:
1947:
1945:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1847:
1834:
1833:John Beaufort
1823:
1804:
1763:
1755:
1753:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1667:Joan Beaufort
1649:
1636:
1635:John Beaufort
1619:Earl of March
1617:
1606:
1589:
1572:
1564:
1561:
1553:
1552:
1515:
1507:
1474:
1472:
1429:
1412:
1389:
1381:
1378:
1370:
1368:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1336:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1277:John of Gaunt
1257:
1226:
1218:
1215:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1181:
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692:of London at
691:
690:Bishop Bonner
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629:
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595:
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524:
520:
516:
515:Howard family
512:
508:
507:queen consort
504:
500:
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487:
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380:Edmund Howard
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349:
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292:primogeniture
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183:(by marriage)
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7005:1520s births
6980:
6950:Mary of Teck
6898:
6840:
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6676:
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6657:Jane Seymour
6637:Anne Neville
6574:
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6095:Doran, Susan
6076:
6061:. Retrieved
6057:
6043:
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5992:
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5950:
5931:
5912:
5909:Weir, Alison
5885:
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5741:
5714:
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5696:
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5536:
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5491:
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5467:
5442:
5421:
5413:
5405:
5404:. Vol.
5401:State Papers
5400:
5376:
5360:. Retrieved
5356:
5340:. Retrieved
5336:the original
5331:
5306:
5285:
5262:
5237:
5231:
5228:Cust, Lionel
5205:
5183:. Retrieved
5178:
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5079:
5063:
5038:
5026:
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5002:
4990:
4933:. Retrieved
4928:
4922:
4901:Starkey 2007
4886:Russell 2017
4863:. Retrieved
4858:
4852:
4826:
4814:. Retrieved
4810:
4804:
4797:
4757:
4750:. Retrieved
4746:
4736:
4728:
4721:. Retrieved
4718:The Guardian
4717:
4697:Edwards 2015
4692:
4680:. Retrieved
4675:
4669:
4662:
4655:Starkey 2003
4650:
4638:. Retrieved
4634:
4628:
4621:
4609:. Retrieved
4605:
4599:
4592:
4585:Russell 2017
4580:
4539:
4533:
4521:
4514:Wheeler 2008
4509:
4497:
4485:
4473:
4466:Russell 2011
4461:
4449:
4437:
4410:
4398:
4386:
4374:
4362:
4346:
4339:Russell 2017
4334:
4322:
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4283:
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4267:the original
4262:
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4241:
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4188:
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4067:Russell 2017
4062:
4050:
4043:Russell 2017
4038:
4031:Russell 2017
4026:
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3991:Russell 2017
3986:
3979:Russell 2017
3974:
3962:. Retrieved
3942:Russell 2017
3937:
3925:
3918:Russell 2017
3913:
3901:
3889:. Retrieved
3885:
3876:
3869:Russell 2017
3864:
3857:Roberts 1951
3852:
3845:Russell 2017
3840:
3833:Russell 2017
3828:
3821:Russell 2017
3816:
3809:Russell 2017
3804:
3792:
3772:. Retrieved
3758:
3746:
3726:. Retrieved
3712:
3700:
3688:
3672:
3645:
3636:
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3611:French hoods
3601:
3598:
3583:
3568:
3554:Franny Moyle
3535:
3528:
3494:
3488:
3474:
3459:
3445:c. 1535β1540
3442:
3423:
3418:
3408:
3404:Hever Castle
3397:
3383:
3372:
3357:
3344:
3306:
3303:Franny Moyle
3300:
3296:
3245:
3236:
3228:
3213:
3210:Lucy Worsley
3203:
3194:
3187:David Loades
3182:
3170:
3160:
3154:
3145:
3141:
3138:Joanna Denny
3133:
3125:
3123:
3102:
3083:
3070:
3058:Royal Assent
3050:
3034:
3010:high treason
3007:
2996:
2992:
2975:
2971:
2959:
2951:John Lassels
2944:
2942:'s brother.
2928:
2917:
2731:
2725:
2710:
2704:
2676:
2657:
2653:Jane Seymour
2651:
2630:
2624:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2577:
2571:
2214:1441/43β1509
2002:Duke of York
1388:Margaret III
800:
756:
744:
725:
706:
697:
687:
681:m. 1543β1547
665:m. 1540β1542
661:
631:m. 1536β1537
628:Jane Seymour
613:m. 1533β1536
597:m. 1509β1533
531:
505:'s reign as
496:
492:Agnes Howard
488:
469:
452:
445:
433:
421:
396:Agnes Howard
392:
384:
377:
365:
337:
325:Jane Seymour
310:
296:
281:
269:
221:
220:
36:
7010:1542 deaths
6652:Anne Boleyn
6501:ΕwiΔtosΕawa
5862:Strong, Roy
5836:Strong, Roy
5265:. Farnham:
5197:Works cited
5161:Dolman 2013
5068:Fraser 2002
5056:Wilson 2006
5043:, 25 March.
5019:Norris 1998
4995:Strong 1967
4983:Strong 1967
4790:Parker 1945
4678:. The Hague
4676:Mauritshuis
4558:Strong 1983
4442:Potter 2002
4327:Herman 2006
4273:31 December
3774:13 February
3728:13 February
3677:Norton 2009
3536:Historians
3512: 1562
3191:precontract
3157:Alison Weir
3026:Kenninghall
2940:Anne Boleyn
2829:Elizabeth I
2646: 1508
2626:Anne Boleyn
2619: 1507
2475:Thomas Parr
2468: 1483
2408: 1478
2389: 1480
2372: 1478
2172: 1448
2037: 1430
1977:John Howard
1971: 1425
1817: 1411
1797: 1395
1779: 1388
1661: 1379
1629: 1371
1405: 1350
976: 1282
954: 1275
759:Whitsuntide
610:Anne Boleyn
503:Anne Boleyn
388:Anne Boleyn
317:Anne Boleyn
306: 1476
253:Anne Boleyn
229: 1523
102: 1523
66: 1540
6994:Categories
6278:required.)
6086:0749950889
5962:. London.
5875:0905209346
5818:0701172983
5807:. London:
5765:. London:
5717:. Oxford:
5654:. London:
5618:0486298450
5208:. Stroud:
5149:Byrne 2019
5096:Moyle 2021
5070:, p.
5033:, p.
4773:Moyle 2021
4353:, p.
4300:Smith 1961
4246:Smith 1961
3930:Byrne 2019
3797:Byrne 2019
3786:required.)
3740:required.)
3679:, p.
3665:References
3518:, wife of
3503:'s uncle,
3335:Henry VIII
3242:Miniatures
3078:last words
3037:Parliament
2999:Syon Abbey
2678:Henry VIII
2244:βbef. 1507
2229:Isabella I
2174:β1499/1501
1121:Edward III
803:Henry VIII
736:Buckingham
362:Early life
237:fifth wife
178:(by birth)
6845:from 1603
6487:Γlfthryth
6169:154533002
6130:469897866
5978:cite book
5342:14 August
4831:Cust 1910
4526:Weir 2001
4502:Weir 1991
4490:Weir 1991
4454:Weir 1991
4430:Weir 1991
4415:Ives 1992
4403:Weir 2009
4391:Weir 1991
4379:Weir 2001
4367:Weir 1991
4351:Weir 1991
4315:Weir 2001
4234:Weir 2001
4187:Anselme.
4157:Weir 2001
4142:Weir 2001
4130:Weir 2001
4118:Weir 2001
4103:Weir 2011
4091:Weir 2001
4055:Weir 2011
4019:Weir 1991
3906:Weir 2001
3693:Hyde 1982
3628:Footnotes
3590:c. 1535,
3586:, Likely
3522:, son of
3501:Protector
3231:, c. 1540
3220:Portraits
3214:Six Wives
3085:Francis I
3003:Middlesex
2885:1516β1558
2851:Edward VI
2847:1537β1553
2825:1533β1603
2735:1543β1547
2733:6th wife:
2722:1512β1548
2714:1509β1533
2712:1st wife:
2701:1485β1536
2673:1491β1547
2661:1536β1537
2659:3rd wife:
2634:1533β1536
2632:2nd wife:
2607:1540β1542
2605:5th wife:
2579:4th wife:
2568:1515β1557
2436:Henry VII
2432:1457β1509
2421:1466β1503
2225:1451β1504
2189:Edward IV
2185:1442β1483
2151:1443β1524
2134:1458β1521
1995:1411β1460
1950:1419β1481
1855:1400β1460
1842:1405β1454
1829:1404β1444
1803:Elizabeth
1758:1393β1466
1648:Catherine
1644:1373β1418
1612:1374β1398
1601:1371β1417
1584:1366β1425
1567:1371β1419
1424:1355β1382
1384:1350β1405
1273:1340β1399
1252:1338β1368
1221:1323β1380
1117:1312β1377
1092:1312β1360
1075:1300β1355
1007:Edward II
1003:1284β1327
982:Elizabeth
840:1239β1307
208:Signature
6506:Ealdgyth
6439:Scottish
6097:(2011).
6075:(2005).
6063:19 March
6041:(1863).
5911:(1991).
5891:ABC-CLIO
5864:(1983).
5799:(2003).
5787:(1961).
5759:(2017).
5747:19 March
5704:19 March
5629:(2009).
5578:(2021).
5554:(2018).
5486:(1992).
5398:(1849).
5374:(2002).
5261:(eds.).
5040:Lady Day
4935:26 March
4931:. London
4865:11 March
4816:11 March
4747:Art News
4682:11 March
4640:26 March
4611:26 March
3964:19 March
3891:19 March
3375:, 1797,
3175:hedonism
3140:(2006),
3132:(1967),
3074:scaffold
2914:Downfall
2359:John III
1428:Philippa
1079:John III
959:Margaret
844:Edward I
728:progress
541:Marriage
440:grooming
344:nobility
333:Anne Say
278:Ancestry
6981:italics
6482:Γlfgifu
6443:British
6437:,
6435:English
6323:at the
6161:2639457
5719:Phaidon
5687:3490799
5542:24 July
5474:20 July
5362:20 July
5185:10 July
3274:at the
3268:Windsor
3262:in the
3260:another
3254:in the
2947:Lambeth
2138:John II
2032:
1999:Richard
1846:John II
732:Reading
647:m. 1540
460:Ireland
416:Lambeth
408:Horsham
371:of the
368:Lambeth
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106:Lambeth
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3412:; the
3014:Tyburn
2889:Mary I
1954:John I
448:coitus
412:Sussex
348:gentry
340:Calais
198:Mother
188:Father
176:Howard
141:Spouse
126:Burial
81:Tenure
6165:S2CID
6157:JSTOR
5850:JSTOR
5683:JSTOR
5512:JSTOR
5242:JSTOR
4752:6 May
4723:6 May
3305:, in
2648:β1537
2621:β1536
2470:β1517
2410:β1550
2391:β1538
2374:β1539
1973:β1485
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1663:β1440
1631:β1410
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978:β1316
801:King
181:Tudor
171:House
158:(
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6296:PBS
6243:ISBN
6222:ISBN
6201:ISBN
6182:ISBN
6126:OCLC
6103:ISBN
6081:ISBN
6065:2016
6016:ISBN
5997:ISBN
5984:link
5964:ISBN
5936:ISBN
5917:ISBN
5895:ISBN
5870:ISBN
5813:ISBN
5771:ISBN
5749:2016
5723:ISBN
5706:2016
5637:ISBN
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5586:ISBN
5562:ISBN
5544:2020
5476:2020
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5426:ISBN
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5364:2020
5344:2023
5313:ISBN
5290:ISBN
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5187:2023
5181:(17)
4937:2020
4867:2020
4818:2020
4754:2021
4725:2021
4684:2020
4642:2020
4613:2020
4275:2013
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3966:2016
3893:2016
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3730:2023
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