471:
the new Self-Determination for
Ireland League of Australia was established in February 1921. Hughes was also responsible for the formation of a similar organisation in New Zealand, after Osmond Grattan Esmonde was detained at the outset of his mission. Following these two missions abroad, Hughes was the principal organiser of the Global Irish Race Conference in Paris in January 1922.
367:. As a provincial archivist, she earned an annual salary of $ 1,000. Hughes was also chosen by Sifton to be his principal secretary, but she never formally received the title. Hughes was the first woman in Canada to hold this position. As an archivist, Hughes collected oral history accounts from older adults about their experiences; she also sought textual and photographic materials.
338:, which was published under the name William Vaughan, who was a close family friend. According to Ă“ Siadhail, who analysed manuscripts of the work, Vaughan was more of an editor than the writer, as he relied heavily on Hughes' work. The heirs of William Van Horne had specified that Hughes not be credited as the author, Hughes believed this caveat was because of her political activism.
523:, her work was initially "forgotten, or perhaps ignored", only being acknowledged long after her death. There are several possible explanations for why this might have happened: Hughes frequently travelled which resulted in scattered records, letters written by the founders of the Canadian Women's Press Club were lost, former colleagues such as
483:
in 1920. It was modelled after the
Catholic Women's League of England, which Hughes had inquired about while travelling in England. The organization welcomed new immigrants, ran an affordable hostel named Rosary Hall, offered a free job placement service, and acted as one of the first social services
470:
After organising the Irish nationalist community within Canada, in late 1920, de Valera agreed that Hughes should travel to
Australia to organise further branches of the Self-Determination for Ireland movement, as part of the broader global aspect of the Irish revolution. Thanks to Hughes' efforts,
466:
until he broke from the liberal-unionist editorial line after the Easter Rising. In
October 1920, Crawford was named as the SDIL president at the League's Ottawa convention. In the SDIL, Hughes worked on secret, sensitive tasks; according to Australian historian Richard Davis, semi-secrecy of such
527:
unintentionally or deliberately excluding her in their publications, twentieth-century scholars potentially being reluctant to acknowledge an anti-suffragist, and negative perceptions surrounding her Irish activism. Hughes' activism was also ignored by scholars writing about the history of Irish
399:
and other Irish expatriate organizations, but that she was radicalised by her direct observation of Irish social and economic conditions. Hughes eventually adopted the Irish equivalent of her name: CaitlĂn NĂ Aodha. She described her own ideological journey as being from "Canadian imperialist to
434:
Hughes united two groups that had previously acted independently: the Self-Determination League of Canada and
Newfound (SDIL) and the Irish Canadian National League (ICNL). The ICNL had advocated self-determination as promoted by United States president
321:, one excerpt reading " good biographer is 'rarer than hen's teeth', but Miss Hughes is one. Out of her book stands a figure as compelling as any in history. She has painted him as an artist ... She has literally written history like a novel."
358:
districts of northern
Alberta, acquiring artifacts for the Alberta archives. She became the first provincial archivist for Alberta in 1908, while residing in Edmonton. Shortly after leaving this position, she began working for Alberta Premier
229:
in summer 1899. Hughes founded the
Catholic Indian Association in 1901, an organization that sought to find employment for graduated students outside the reserve. Hughes was hired for her teaching position by the
395:
which, at the time, was calling fuller, if not complete, independence. Ă“ Siadhal believes that Hughes' views may already have begun to shift in London in the course of meetings with members of the
234:
and had an annual salary of $ 300. She ended her position as a teacher at
Akwesasne in 1902 to become a writer. She taught a class of 47 students, though absenteeism rates were high. According to
419:, an 85-page book that was published in 1917. In 1917, Hughes finally resigned her position in London. In 1918, she began working as a propagandist and orator for the Irish National Bureau in
1530:
Dick, Lyle (2010). "Vernacular
Currents in Western Canadian Historiography: The Passion and Prose of Katherine Hughes, F.G. Roe, and Roy Ito". In Finkel, A.; Carter, S.; Fortna, P. (eds.).
118:(November 12, 1876 – April 26, 1925) was a Canadian journalist, author, archivist, and political activist. She founded the Catholic Indian Association in 1901 and was the secretary of the
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1677:
33:
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tasks "had to be preserved to avoid deportation from countries like
Australia and New Zealand". In 1918, Hughes was hired by the Irish Progressive League as a propagandist.
391:. On her arrival in Dublin she was considered a home-ruler supporting a devolved government for Ireland within the United Kingdom. She returned to London an advocate for
1682:
1652:
496:. Aueberg's letters to Hughes survived, and indicate that the couple discussed whether children should be raised in the faith of their mother or their father.
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242:, but she had "a racialized view of Aboriginal Canadians as wards of the state and neither questioned nor challenged government policy as represented by the
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415:, she was thoroughly disaffected. By 1918, Hughes had lectured in every Canadian province and in several U.S. states. Hughes wrote about her views in
210:
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Hughes declared that she planned to be a professional writer in 1902, after retiring from her teaching at Akwesasne. Hughes had stories published in
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Irish – a proper Irish person." Hughes believed that the British government would never be fair with Irish aspirations. Hughes likely met
268:
in 1904, serving as its vice-president from 1909. Hughes also became the recording secretary for the Canadian Women's Press Club. According to
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177:. She had four siblings: two brothers, P. A. Hughes and Mark Hughes, and two sisters, Mrs. Robert H. Kenll and Mrs. James O'Regan.
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or the long-term goal of assimilation. In fact, Hughes was a willing cog in the wheel of that assimilationist process."
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Hughes participated in the Women's Canadian Club of Edmonton in the early 20th century. She was the secretary of the
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Hughes had relationships with various men, but she never married. One of her suitors was Paul von Aueberg, who was
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Hughes' principal task in London was recruitment of immigrants to Alberta. But opposed to Canada's entry into the
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1238:"Biography – HUGHES, KATHERINE (Catherine) ANGELINA – Volume XV (1921-1930) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
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735:
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967:"Katherine Hughes dead in New York - Short story writer and journalist was native of Prince Edward Island"
834:"Famous Writer of Canada is Dead in N.Y., Miss Katherine Hughes, Brilliant Journalist, Writer Passes Away"
622:– an Irish nationalist who may have prompted Hughes to change her perspective on women's suffrage.
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while touring the southern U.S. in 1919. She was chosen to be the Canadian National Organizer for the
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994:"Telling the Stories, Branding the Land: Examining Regional Narratives and Texts in Northern Alberta"
360:
182:
1385:"Circulating Sydney: Propaganda and the Self-Determination League for Ireland of Australia, 1921-22"
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779:"Canadian Woman Writer has Died - Miss Katherine Hughes was Noted Journalist and Short Story Writer"
656:
1202:
289:
272:, Hughes produced the best reportage of the organization's trip to Western Canada. She worked for
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First provincial archivist of Alberta, journalism of the 1904 St. Louis World Fair, Irish activism
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In the Promised Land of Alberta's North: The Northern Journal of Katherine Hughes (Summer, 1909)
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In 1912, Hughes founded the Catholic Women's League of Edmonton, which nationalized into the
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1210:'True Biographies of Nations?': The Cultural Journeys of Dictionaries of National Biography
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nationalism in Canada and these omissions may have been prompted by her ideological views.
355:
1310:
Boyle, J. W. (1971). "A Fenian Protestant in Canada: Robert Lindsay Crawford 1910-1922".
561:
309:. During her two-month trip, Hughes travelled thousands of kilometers. Her biography of
126:. As a journalist, Hughes worked for the Montréal Daily Star and the Edmonton Bulletin.
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305:. In 1909, Hughes published her travels across Alberta's terrain as a memoir entitled
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In 1906, Hughes published her first book, which was a biography of her uncle entitled
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808:"Katherine Hughes Dies in New York - Father and Brothers of Gifted Writer Live Here"
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The red book of Ireland : a compilation of facts from court and press records,
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299:. The book was translated into various languages, and was favourably reviewed by
503:, at the home of a sister. She died on April 26, 1925, at her sister's house in
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269:
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1075:"For God and Canada: The Early Years of the Catholic Women's League in Alberta"
221:
Little is known about Hughes' early career, but she is believed to have been a
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through the Gaelic League. Hughes and Ă“ Conaire collaborated on the 1915 play
243:
1553:. Calgary: Alberta Records Publication Board, Historical Society of Alberta.
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The Sweet Sixteen: The Journey That Inspired the Canadian Women's Press Club
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The Sweet Sixteen: The Journey That Inspired The Canadian Women's Press Club
504:
73:
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Irish Canadian Conflict and the Struggle for Irish Independence, 1912-1915
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offices. Early in 1914 she travelled to Ireland then at the height of the
759:
379:, England, where she worked as secretary to John Reid, Alberta's first
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1285:"The Self-Determination for Ireland League of Canada and Newfoundland"
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511:. Hughes was survived by her father, two brothers, and two sisters.
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She is the only female Irish nationalist to have an entry in the
459:, allied with Hughes for this task. In 1910, he reported for the
317:, was published in 1911. The book was favourably reviewed by the
1532:
The West and Beyond: New Perspectives on an Imagined "Region"
1203:"The Dictionary of Canadian Biography and the Irish Diaspora"
16:
Canadian journalist, author, archivist and political activist
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The West and Beyond: New Perspectives on an Imagined Region
196:, graduating in 1892 with a first-class teacher's license.
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Father Lacombe, the blackrobe voyageur ... Illustrated.
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785:. Victoria, British Columbia. 28 April 1925. p. 6
350:, canoe, and boats, Hughes traveled alone through the
225:
in the late 19th century. She became a teacher at the
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The Catholic Women's League of Canada Calgary Diocese
1152:
Carter, Sarah; Finkel, Alvin; Fortna, Peter (2010).
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The cherry bird : a comedy-drama in three acts
173:and shop, and Annie Laurie O'Brien. Her family was
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1121:. Greeneville, Tennessee. 28 April 1925. p. 5
1115:"Journalist and story writer is claimed by death"
695:"Edmontonians in the Spotlight: Katherine Hughes"
1052:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 172.
238:, Hughes was sympathetic to conditions faced by
1678:People from Prince County, Prince Edward Island
145:to be the Canadian National Organizer for the
861:"History finally recognizes Katherine Hughes"
181:, an uncle of Hughes', was the archbishop of
122:. She was the first provincial archivist for
8:
169:, to John Wellington Hughes, the owner of a
1549:Kaiser, Ken; Aubrey, Merrily, eds. (2006).
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1446:
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1158:. Athabasca University Press. p. 20.
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601:The Life and Work of Sir William Van Horne
31:
20:
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1022:"Father Lacombe, the black-robe voyageur"
211:Canadian Indian residential school system
165:Hughes was born on November 12, 1876, in
657:"Hughes, Katherine (Catherine) Angelina"
1572:. Charlottetown: Island Studies Press.
631:
569:In The Promised Land of Alberta's North
315:Father Lacombe, the black-robe voyageur
307:In The Promised Land of Alberta's North
1683:Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
1534:. Edmonton: AU Press. pp. 13–46.
1506:Katherine Hughes: A Life and a Journey
1477:"Katherine Hughes: A Singular Journey"
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101:Journalist, writer, political activist
57:Emerald Junction, Prince Edward Island
840:. Winnipeg. 27 April 1925. p. 15
562:Archbishop O'Brien, Man and Churchman
297:Archbishop O'Brien: Man and Churchman
149:. Hughes established branches of the
7:
1653:Canadian Roman Catholic missionaries
1584:- A book of poems inspired by Hughes
973:. Montreal. 28 April 1925. p. 9
738:(2004). "Katherine Angelia Hughes".
499:In her later years, Hughes lived in
192:, at the Notre Dame Convent and the
1608:20th-century Canadian women writers
423:Hughes established branches of the
1618:Canadian women non-fiction writers
814:. Ottawa. 27 April 1925. p. 2
14:
1603:20th-century Canadian biographers
1598:20th-century Canadian journalists
740:Canadian Journal of Irish Studies
481:Catholic Women's League of Canada
363:, also working for his successor
326:Catholic Women's League of Canada
120:Catholic Women's League of Canada
1668:Canadian people of Irish descent
662:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
534:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
278:from 1903 to 1906, covering the
1663:Canadian Roman Catholic writers
936:McGill-Queen's University Press
585:, 1915 (with Pádraic Ó Conaire)
429:Irish Self-Determination League
282:. In 1906, she switched to the
147:Irish Self-Determination League
129:Greatly affected by a visit to
554:A New Year's tale of the North
319:New York Times Review of Books
188:She received her education in
1:
1508:. Newcastle: Penumbra Press.
603:, 1921 (with William Vaughan)
262:Prince Edward Island Magazine
167:Emerald, Prince Edward Island
1633:Canadian political activists
1411:"A Brief History of the CWL"
1119:The Greeneville Democrat-Sun
547:Bush light and shade by K.H.
240:Indigenous peoples in Canada
232:Department of Indian Affairs
217:Christianity and colonialism
1353:University of Toronto Press
1345:Mclaughlin, Robert (2013).
1129:– via Newspapers.com.
981:– via Newspapers.com.
848:– via Newspapers.com.
822:– via Newspapers.com.
793:– via Newspapers.com.
371:Work for Irish independence
280:1904 St. Louis World's Fair
266:Canadian Women's Press Club
264:. She helped establish the
153:while touring the southern
137:, she became active in the
1719:
1623:Canadian women biographers
1613:Canadian women journalists
1312:Canadian Historical Review
597:1920 (with James D Phelan)
214:
208:
1201:Wilson, David A. (2019).
866:Western Catholic Reporter
375:In 1913, Hughes moved to
139:Irish War of Independence
116:Katherine Angelina Hughes
44:Katherine Angelina Hughes
30:
1703:Writers of Irish descent
1698:Roman Catholic activists
1658:Canadian Roman Catholics
1628:Canadian women activists
1570:Return of the Wild Goose
1474:Posner, Michael (2015).
620:Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington
425:Friends of Irish Freedom
161:Early life and education
151:Friends of Irish Freedom
133:in 1914 and by the 1916
1208:. In Fox, Karen (ed.).
665:. University of Toronto
475:Catholic Women's League
441:Robert Lindsay Crawford
275:The Montreal Daily Star
194:Prince of Wales College
1568:Ledwell, Jane (2019).
1082:University of Manitoba
1001:University of Waterloo
474:
331:Hughes contributed to
250:Writing and journalism
1324:10.3138/CHR-052-02-03
453:independent breakaway
335:Sir William Van Horne
333:The Life and Work of
141:, and was tapped by
1673:Canadian republicans
1648:Writers from Alberta
1216:. pp. 209–225.
838:The Winnipeg Tribune
361:Alexander Rutherford
1638:Canadian archivists
1502:Ó Siadhail, Pádraig
1046:Kay, Linda (2012).
1026:Library of Congress
928:Kay, Linda (2012).
736:Ó Siadhail, Pádraig
693:MacKenzie, Kaltie.
507:, New York, due to
290:Alberta Legislature
223:Catholic missionary
185:from 1883 to 1906.
1283:Mannion, Patrick.
812:The Ottawa Journal
700:Fort Edmonton Park
525:Miriam Green Ellis
521:Fort Edmonton Park
447:journalist who in
302:The New York Times
236:Pádraig Ó Siadhail
1482:Queen's Quarterly
1449:, p. 28, 29.
1437:, p. 26, 27.
1362:978-1-4426-1097-2
1223:978-1-76046-275-8
945:978-0-7735-3967-9
589:Ireland, studies.
402:Pádraic Ó Conaire
285:Edmonton Bulletin
227:Akwesasne Reserve
179:Cornelius O'Brien
113:
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54:November 12, 1876
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1643:Women archivists
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707:on 16 April 2019
703:. Archived from
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445:Irish Protestant
421:Washington, D.C.
389:Home Rule crisis
292:for this paper.
93:CaitlĂn NĂ Aodha
90:Other names
69:
53:
51:
35:
25:Katherine Hughes
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1524:Further reading
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1459:Ă“ Siadhail 2014
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1447:Ă“ Siadhail 2014
1445:
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1435:Ă“ Siadhail 2014
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1389:Century Ireland
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1355:. p. 123.
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406:The Cherry Bird
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346:In 1902, using
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143:Éamon de Valera
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1383:Egan, Steven.
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1318:(2): 165–176.
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1073:Ross, Sheila.
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992:Rawding, Jay.
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938:. p. 83.
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541:Selected works
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437:Woodrow Wilson
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311:Albert Lacombe
257:Catholic World
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209:Main article:
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175:Irish Catholic
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70:(aged 48)
66:April 26, 1925
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1693:1925 deaths
1688:1876 births
1395:28 November
1295:16 December
1266:Posner 2015
1186:Posner 2015
1140:Posner 2015
1102:Posner 2015
971:The Gazette
904:Posner 2015
892:Posner 2015
451:had led an
352:Peace River
348:stage coach
313:, entitled
270:Kit Coleman
171:livery yard
82:Nationality
1592:Categories
1247:2021-07-24
627:References
494:Protestant
244:Indian Act
215:See also:
76:, New York
50:1876-11-12
1494:0033-6041
1332:162210866
1214:ANU Press
1125:30 August
977:30 August
844:30 August
818:30 August
789:30 August
669:5 January
505:The Bronx
455:from the
413:World War
393:Sinn FĂ©in
383:, in his
356:Athabasca
74:The Bronx
1504:(2014).
1368:15 April
1087:15 April
1031:21 April
1006:7 August
951:15 April
872:15 April
760:25515507
711:16 April
614:See also
461:Toronto
260:and the
205:Teaching
85:Canadian
1468:Sources
1420:30 July
607:Ireland
417:Ireland
342:Alberta
183:Halifax
131:Ireland
124:Alberta
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591:, 1917
579:, 1911
571:, 1909
565:, 1906
557:, 1900
549:, 1895
515:Legacy
509:cancer
449:Ulster
377:London
200:Career
1391:. RTE
1328:S2CID
1291:. RTE
1206:(PDF)
1078:(PDF)
997:(PDF)
756:JSTOR
463:Globe
443:, an
1574:ISBN
1555:ISBN
1536:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1490:ISSN
1422:2021
1397:2022
1370:2019
1357:ISBN
1316:LVII
1297:2020
1218:ISBN
1160:ISBN
1127:2019
1089:2019
1054:ISBN
1033:2019
1008:2021
979:2019
953:2019
940:ISBN
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354:and
63:Died
40:Born
1486:122
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