556:
544:
1428:
670:
51:
555:
685:
637:
705:
697:
847:
Based on the M-13, the M-30 rocket was developed in 1942. Its bulbous warhead required it to be fired from a grounded frame, called the M-30 (single frame, four round; later double frame, 8 round), instead of a launch rail mounted on a truck. In 1944 it became the basis for the BM-31-12 truck-mounted
777:
After their success in the first month of the war, mass production was ordered and the development of other models proceeded. The
Katyusha was inexpensive and could be manufactured in light industrial installations which did not have the heavy equipment to build conventional artillery gun barrels. By
769:
The first large-scale testing of the rocket launchers took place at the end of 1938, when 233 rounds of various types were used. A salvo of rockets could completely straddle a target at a range of 5,500 metres (3.4 mi). But the artillery branch was not fond of the
Katyusha, because it took up to
1518:
of three batteries, totalling 36 BM-13 or BM-8 launchers. Independent Guards mortar battalions were also formed of 12 launchers in three batteries of four. By the end of 1941, there were eight regiments, 35 independent battalions, and two independent batteries in service, a total of 554 launchers.
288:
such as these deliver explosives to a target area more intensively than conventional artillery, but with lower accuracy and requiring a longer time to reload. They are fragile compared to artillery guns, but are cheap, easy to produce, and usable on almost any chassis. The
Katyushas of World War II,
909:
For example, the BM-8-16 was a vehicle with 16 rails for M-8 rockets while the BM-31-12 fired the M-31 rockets from 12 launch tubes. Short names such as BM-8 or BM-13 were used as well. The chassis carrying the launcher was not defined in the name e.g. BM-8-24 referred to a truck mounted launcher
770:
50 minutes to load and fire 24 rounds, while a conventional howitzer could fire 95 to 150 rounds in the same time. Testing with various rockets was conducted through 1940, and the BM-13-16 with launch rails for sixteen rockets was authorized for production. Only forty launchers were built before
609:
of four BM-13 launchers could fire a salvo in 7–10 seconds that delivered 4.35 tons of high explosives over a 400,000-square-metre (4,300,000 sq ft) impact zone, making its power roughly equivalent to that of 72 conventional artillery guns. With an efficient crew, the launchers could
1522:
In June 1942 heavy Guards mortar battalions were formed around the new M-30 static rocket launch frames, consisting of 96 launchers in three batteries. In July, a battalion of BM-13s was added to the establishment of a tank corps. In 1944, the BM-31 was used in motorized heavy Guards mortar
1526:
By the end of 1942, 57 regiments were in service—together with the smaller independent battalions, this was the equivalent of 216 batteries: 21% BM-8 light launchers, 56% BM-13, and 23% M-30 heavy launchers. By the end of the war, the equivalent of 518 batteries were in service.
267:
341:
851:
A battery of BM-13-16 launchers included four firing vehicles, two reload trucks and two technical support trucks, with each firing vehicle having a crew of six. Reloading was executed in 3–4 minutes, although the standard procedure was to
856:
some 10 km away due to the ease with which the battery could be identified by the enemy. Three batteries were combined into a division (company), and three divisions into a separate mine-firing regiment of rocket artillery.
501:
622:
on enemy forces. The weapon's disadvantage was the long time it took to reload a launcher, in contrast to conventional artillery guns which could sustain a continuous, albeit low, rate of fire.
2509:
2479:
2484:
2499:
336:
Initially, concerns for secrecy kept the military designation of the
Katyushas from being known by the soldiers who operated them. They were called by code names such as
192:
2494:
1984:
543:
2489:
1497:
mortar batteries for the support of infantry divisions. A battery's complement was standardized at four launchers. They remained under NKVD control until German
1461:
in late 1942. One of the first experimental models was equipped with a
Katyusha rocket launcher and tested in the summer of 1943. The project was not continued.
1427:
1474:
187:
817:, 'standardized'), and more than 1,800 of this model were manufactured by the end of World War II. After World War II, BM-13s were based on Soviet-built
2432:
669:
758:
trucks proved unstable, and V.N. Galkovskiy proposed mounting the launch rails longitudinally. In August 1939, the result was the BM-13 (BM stands for
728:(GDL), with the first test-firing of a solid fuel rocket carried out in March 1928, which flew for about 1,300 meters The rockets were used to assist
662:
801:
chassis as the KV-1K, but this was a needless waste of heavy armour. Starting in 1942, they were also mounted on various
British, Canadian and U.S.
297:. This mobility gave the Katyusha, and other self-propelled artillery, another advantage: being able to deliver a large blow all at once, and then
1876:
594:
rocket of the BM-13 system was 80 cm (2 ft 7 in) long, 13.2 cm (5.2 in) in diameter and weighed 42 kg (93 lb).
2333:"Указ Президента СССР от 21.06.1991 № УП-2120 «О присвоении звания Героя Социалистического Труда создателям отечественного реактивного оружия»"
1681:
1638:
747:
721:
631:
345:
2311:
2366:
2270:
1799:
2444:
810:
644:
1789:
579:, as well as on naval and riverine vessels as assault support weapons. Soviet engineers also mounted single Katyusha rockets on lengths of
182:
2376:
Scafeș, Cornel (2004). "Buletinul
Muzeului Național Militar, Nr. 2/2004" [Bulletin of the National Military Museum, No. 2/2004].
2194:"История Великой Отечественной войны" в 6 томах (History of Great Patriotic War), vol. 2, p. 66, chapter by field-marshal Andrey Eremenko
1607:
1511:
778:
the end of 1942, 3,237 Katyusha launchers of all types had been built, and by the end of the war total production reached about 10,000.
952:
2460:
2076:
2407:
2378:
2295:
1968:
1911:
1884:
1775:
840:
trucks as the BM-8-48. In 1942, the team of scientists Leonid
Shvarts, Moisei Komissarchik and engineer Yakov Shor received the
1473:
was raised to operate them. On July 14, 1941, an experimental artillery battery of seven launchers was first used in battle at
324:
is also applied to newer truck-mounted post-Soviet – in addition to non-Soviet – multiple-rocket launchers, notably the common
2312:"Who created the "Katyusha"? Andrey Kostikov: the life and fate of the inventor of "Katyusha" Who is the designer of Katyusha"
2100:
1523:
battalions of 48 launchers. In 1943, Guards mortar brigades, and later divisions, were formed equipped with static launchers.
2159:
1587:
379:", about a girl longing for her absent beloved, who has gone away on military service. Katyusha is the Russian equivalent of
1627:
1626:
Participants in the creation of the
Katyusha rocket launcher received official recognition only in 1991. By decree of the
1485:, destroying a concentration of German troops with tanks, armored vehicles and trucks in the marketplace, causing massive
1208:
2454:
132:
1539:(MRL) have led them to continue to be developed. In the years following WWII, the BM-13 was replaced by the 140 mm
1486:
416:, and the sound of the weapon's rocket motors, a distinctive howling sound which terrified the German troops, adding a
177:
1450:
1960:Исследовательский центр имени М. В. Келдыша. 1933-2003 : 70 лет на передовых рубежах ракетно-космической техники
1599:
1458:
1192:
1106:
1070:
560:
1559:. Advances in artillery munitions have been applied to some Katyusha-type multiple launch rocket systems, including
2504:
1579:
1494:
590:
were mounted, with a folding frame to raise the rails to launch position. Each truck had 14 to 48 launchers. The
2262:
Korean War Order of Battle: United States, United
Nations, and Communist Ground, Naval, and Air Forces, 1950-1953
31:
709:
1660:
1642:
1536:
290:
285:
142:
68:
157:
1611:
1583:
725:
717:
1762:
1591:
1448:
had captured Katyushas during the war. Germany considered producing a local copy, but instead created the
824:
The 82 mm BM-8 was approved in August 1941, and deployed as the BM-8-36 on truck beds and BM-8-24 on
619:
602:
580:
167:
2332:
733:
417:
2074:
Tales of 'Tank City'. Rachel Bayvel Celebrates the Soviet Jews Who Produced Weapons for Allied Victory
1469:
The multiple rocket launchers were top secret at the beginning of World War II and a special unit of
771:
548:
302:
2245:
1954:
1615:
1560:
615:
117:
1978:
841:
489:
461:
1424:
The M-8 and M-13 rocket could also be fitted with smoke warheads, although this was not common.
684:
152:
2399:
50:
2428:
2403:
2362:
2291:
2266:
2260:
2165:
2155:
2007:. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA History Div. p. 9
1964:
1907:
1880:
1795:
1771:
1630:
1595:
1216:
911:
606:
572:
372:
2151:
2145:
356:
was only allowed into secret documents in 1942, and remained classified until after the war.
2391:
1568:
517:
505:
437:
273:
260:
172:
162:
2080:
2073:
1687:
1634:
1478:
1470:
853:
743:
611:
449:
425:
376:
298:
294:
210:
2453:, translation of a 1976 article published by the USSR Defence Ministry (broken link, see
2097:
404:
1757:
746:, including firing rockets from aircraft and the ground. In June 1938, GDL's successor
576:
477:
137:
1695:, rocket launcher mounted on M4 Sherman tank chassis., used in small numbers 1944-1945
636:
2473:
2392:
2387:
2104:
1698:
1654:
930:
922:
786:
755:
409:
56:
2450:
1767:
1692:
1675:
1556:
1482:
1212:
813:
was so good that it became the GAU's standard mounting in 1943, designated BM-13N (
281:
277:
112:
78:
586:
The design was relatively simple, consisting of racks of parallel rails on which
1958:
1854:
1665:
1499:
1445:
1269:
static launching rail, in 1944 also available with 2x4 launching rails (M-31-8)
1255:
static launching rail, in 1944 also available with 2x4 launching rails (M-30-8)
469:
127:
1506:
On August 8, 1941, Stalin ordered the formation of eight special Guards mortar
754:
launchers for the modified 132 mm M-132 rockets. Firing over the sides of
17:
1575:
1552:
837:
802:
678:
641:
413:
384:
325:
147:
122:
1791:
Voices of the Scandinavian Waffen-SS: The Final Testament of Hitler's Vikings
2451:"Creation and Development of Rocket Artillery in the First Phase of the War"
1603:
1564:
1551:, the Soviet Union fielded several models of Katyusha-like MRL, notably the
1515:
1489:
casualties and panicked retreat from the town. Following the success, the
1220:
1090:
1086:
1039:
829:
751:
598:
2169:
2027:
704:
571:, were mounted on many platforms during World War II, including on trucks,
1999:
1928:
696:
2001:
Challenge to Apollo : the Soviet Union and the space race, 1945-1974
1548:
1507:
1490:
1224:
865:
Soviet World War II rocket systems were named according to set patterns:
806:
618:. Katyusha batteries were often massed in very large numbers to create a
568:
368:
364:
420:
aspect to their use. Weapons of this type are known by the same name in
1873:
FUBAR (F***ed Up Beyond All Recognition): Soldier Slang of World War II
986:
934:
818:
798:
689:
674:
485:
473:
433:
421:
2359:
The Essential Vehicle Identification Guide: Soviet Tanks Units 1939–45
898:
In navy use, the order of the elements was different, taking the form
2464:
1594:. Soviet BM-13s were known to have been imported to China before the
833:
805:
trucks, in which case they were sometimes referred to as BM-13S. The
790:
587:
513:
457:
445:
348:, the Reactive Scientific Research Institute, and finally classed as
293:
mass-produced by the Soviet Union, were usually mounted on ordinary
1859:
Hitler's war on Russia: the story of the German defeat in the East
1555:
launchers somewhat inspired by the earlier weapon, and the larger
1544:
1540:
1426:
939:
926:
794:
782:
703:
695:
683:
668:
635:
591:
554:
547:
A battery of Katyusha launchers fires at German forces during the
542:
497:
2109:
Yevrey pri bol’shevistskom stroye (Jews in the Bolshevist order)
945:
825:
729:
2203:
Andrey Sapronov «Россия» newspaper No. 23 of June 21–27, 2001
1178:
ZIS-6 truck, improvised vehicle mount, towed trailer or sled
793:. In 1941, a small number of BM-13 launchers were mounted on
412:, comparing the visual resemblance of the launch array to a
2212:
Andrey Sapronov «Парламентская газета» No 80 of May 5, 2005
970:
Backpack (portable variant, so called "mountain Katyusha"),
1953:АКИМОВ В.Н., КОРОТЕЕВ А.С., ГАФАРОВ А.А. и другие (2003).
2107:(Engineering-technical activities of Jews in the USSR)",
1637:, V. N. Luzhin, B. S. Petropavlovsky, B. M. Slonimer and
2425:
Katyusha: Russian Multiple Rocket Launchers 1941–Present
1701:, another German rocket launcher mounted on a half-track
1668:, the most common barrage rocket series employed by the
2098:
Inzhenerno-tekhnicheskaya deyatel’nost’ yevreyev v SSSR
832:
light tank chassis. Later these were also installed on
395:
which itself is then given the affectionate diminutive
1829:
708:
An M13 rocket for the Katyusha launcher on display in
2133:. Krasnaya Zvezda Publishing House. 1974. p. 13.
2050:
2048:
910:(ZIS-5) as well as on the T-40 tank and on the STZ-3
2382:(in Romanian). Bucharest: Total Publishing: 210–237.
1150:
ZIS-6 truck, Studebaker US6 U3 truck, rail carriage
742:, 'rocket-powered shell') in the early 1930s led by
402:
German troops coined the nickname "Stalin's organ" (
55:
BM-13 Katyusha multiple rocket launcher, based on a
612:
redeploy to a new location immediately after firing
232:
224:
216:
206:
201:
105:
97:
89:
84:
74:
64:
41:
2222:
2220:
2218:
1753:
1751:
2394:Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two
2150:. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco Pub. Co. p.
1906:. Sterling Publishing Company. pp. 173–174.
1815:
1813:
1811:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1503:rocket launchers became common later in the war.
527:The heavy BM-31 launcher was also referred to as
2028:"History of the Rocket Research Institute, RNII"
1678:, German rocket launcher mounted on a half-track
1645:for their work on the creation of the Katyusha.
1011:Improvised vehicle mount, towed trailer or sled
567:Katyusha rocket launchers, which were built in
2510:Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944
2087:no. 198, summer 2005. Retrieved on 2008-09-30.
1684:where the Katyusha rocket launcher was created
1543:and the BM-31 was replaced by the 240 mm
1211:"Inter" truck, International M-5-5-318 truck,
781:The truck-mounted Katyushas were installed on
597:The weapon is less accurate than conventional
308:Katyusha weapons of World War II included the
2480:Multiple rocket launchers of the Soviet Union
888:towed trailers and sledges used the format M-
797:artillery tractors. A few were also tried on
737:
250:
8:
2485:Self-propelled artillery of the Soviet Union
1983:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
27:Soviet/Russian multiple launch rocket system
1904:The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II
1657:, employed by Allied forces in World War II
535:, an affectionate diminutive of "Andrew").
2500:World War II artillery of the Soviet Union
2398:. London: Arms and Armour Press. pp.
1288:
976:
38:
2361:. London: Amber Books. pp. 158–165.
359:Because they were marked with the letter
1897:
1895:
1893:
614:, denying the enemy the opportunity for
193:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
2495:Wheeled self-propelled rocket launchers
2111:, Minneapolis. Retrieved on 2008-09-30.
1715:
1641:were posthumously awarded title of the
1514:(RVGK). Each regiment comprised three
1223:G-7117 truck, Studebaker US6 U3 truck,
836:jeeps as the BM-8-8, and on the larger
766:), 'combat vehicle' for M-13 rockets).
188:Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen
2423:Prenatt, Jamie and Hook, Adam (2016).
2182:
1976:
1963:. М: Машиностроение. pp. 92–101.
1682:Reactive Scientific Research Institute
1633:dated June 21, 1991, I. T. Kleymenov,
748:Reactive Scientific Research Institute
632:Reactive Scientific Research Institute
2490:World War II self-propelled artillery
259:
7:
2259:Rottman, Gordon L. (December 2002).
917:Chassis for the launchers included:
885:the number of launch rails or tubes.
844:for the development of the BM-8-48.
785:6×4 trucks, as well as the two-axle
601:guns, but is extremely effective in
1608:French Far East Expeditionary Corps
1512:Reserve of the Supreme High Command
1457:Romania had started developing its
1454:, which was based on the Katyusha.
869:Ground vehicles were designated BM-
2288:Vietnam: An Epic Tragedy 1945–1975
732:and were later developed into the
673:BM-31-12 on ZIS-12 at the Museum (
25:
2427:, Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd.
881:referred to the rocket model and
663:Museum of the Great Patriotic War
1788:Trigg, Jonathan (15 July 2018).
1510:under the direct control of the
772:Germany invaded the Soviet Union
49:
1794:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
1348:11,800 m (12,900 yd)
1193:Project 1125 armored river boat
1107:Project 1125 armored river boat
1071:Project 1125 armored river boat
811:Studebaker US6 2½-ton 6×6 truck
371:troops adopted a nickname from
276:first built and fielded by the
183:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
2447:of various mounts of Katyushas
1227:-352M-13 truck, rail carriage
750:(RNII) began building several
233:
1:
1628:President of the Soviet Union
1481:under the command of Captain
1418:4,000 m (4,400 yd)
1404:4,325 m (4,730 yd)
1390:2,800 m (3,100 yd)
1376:5,050 m (5,520 yd)
1362:7,900 m (8,600 yd)
1334:8,740 m (9,560 yd)
1320:5,900 m (6,500 yd)
1598:and were operational in the
1273:
1259:
1245:
1231:
1198:
1182:
1168:
1154:
1140:
1136:Towed trailer, GAZ-AA truck
1126:
1112:
1096:
1076:
1060:
1046:
1029:
1015:
1001:
387:form of the name Katherine.
2144:Chamberlain, Peter (1975).
2096:Yosif Kremenetsky (1999), "
1535:The success and economy of
1451:8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer
1433:8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer
1317:0.64 kg (1.4 lb)
1279:
1276:
1265:
1262:
1251:
1248:
1237:
1234:
1204:
1201:
1188:
1185:
1174:
1171:
1160:
1157:
1146:
1143:
1132:
1129:
1118:
1115:
1102:
1099:
1082:
1079:
1066:
1063:
1052:
1049:
1035:
1032:
1021:
1018:
1007:
1004:
738:
2526:
1955:"Оружие победы — «Катюша»"
1871:Gordon L. Rottman (2007),
1606:deployed them against the
1415:28.9 kg (64 lb)
1408:
1401:28.9 kg (64 lb)
1394:
1387:28.9 kg (64 lb)
1380:
1373:18.4 kg (41 lb)
1366:
1352:
1338:
1324:
1310:
629:
583:to serve in urban combat.
559:Katyusha salvo during the
502:Spanish-speaking countries
375:'s popular wartime song, "
29:
2390:; James Grandsen (1984).
2246:"The BM-24-12 in the IDF"
1929:"Gas Dynamics Laboratory"
1537:multiple rocket launchers
1435:was based on the Katyusha
1359:4.9 kg (11 lb)
1345:4.9 kg (11 lb)
1331:4.9 kg (11 lb)
1122:ZIS-5 truck, ZIS-6 truck
942:tracked artillery tractor
933:trucks, and post war the
299:move before being located
286:Multiple rocket launchers
251:
75:Place of origin
48:
2379:National Military Museum
2265:. Praeger. p. 198.
1661:List of rocket artillery
1643:Hero of Socialist Labour
1600:People's Liberation Army
1574:BM-13s were used in the
1283:Studebaker US6 U3 truck
854:switch to a new position
718:solid propellant rockets
391:is given the diminutive
291:self-propelled artillery
220:Voronezh Plant Comintern
143:South African Border War
133:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
101:Soviet Union, and others
69:Multiple rocket launcher
1902:Bishop, Chris (2002) .
1830:"Katyusha - Wiktionary"
1622:Recognition and honours
1612:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
1580:People's Volunteer Army
726:Gas Dynamics Laboratory
716:Initial development of
408:), after Soviet leader
178:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
2461:Photo of a Cuban BM-21
2357:Porter, David (2009).
2286:Hastings, Max (2018).
2131:Soviet military review
1998:Siddiqi, Asif (2000).
1763:Inside the Soviet Army
1459:Mareșal tank destroyer
1436:
1241:static launching rail
1056:Towed trailer or sled
1025:Towed trailer or sled
713:
701:
693:
681:
666:
603:saturation bombardment
564:
561:Vistula–Oder offensive
552:
521:
509:
493:
481:
465:
453:
441:
429:
403:
320:. Today, the nickname
168:First Libyan Civil War
1861:. Harrap. p. 98.
1592:United Nations forces
1430:
707:
699:
687:
677:) on Sapun Mountain,
672:
640:BM-13N Katyusha on a
639:
558:
546:
418:psychological warfare
328:and its derivatives.
2351:General bibliography
2290:. New York: Harper.
1584:Korean People's Army
1563:, remotely deployed
1561:bomblet submunitions
1531:Post-war development
951:Lend-lease provided
730:take-off of aircraft
549:Battle of Stalingrad
367:Komintern Factory),
303:counter-battery fire
30:For other uses, see
2147:Mortars and rockets
1616:First Indochina War
1291:
979:
978:Katyusha mountings
809:performance of the
720:was carried out by
616:counterbattery fire
158:Uganda–Tanzania War
118:First Indochina War
2120:Porter, pp 158–65.
2079:2009-01-31 at the
2063:Zaloga, pp 153–54.
2054:Zaloga, pp 154–55.
1614:at the end of the
1437:
1290:Katyusha rockets:
1289:
977:
958:Armored train car,
739:Reaktivnyy Snaryad
722:Nikolai Tikhomirov
714:
702:
694:
682:
667:
573:artillery tractors
565:
553:
344:, the head of the
301:and attacked with
261:[kɐˈtʲuʂə]
202:Production history
2505:Soviet inventions
2433:978 1 4728 1086 1
2388:Zaloga, Steven J.
2368:978-1-906626-21-1
2335:. КонсультантПлюс
2272:978-0-275-97835-8
2248:. 8 January 2011.
2032:Russian Space Web
1933:Russian Space Web
1834:en.wiktionary.org
1801:978-1-4456-7469-8
1770:. Prentice Hall,
1631:Mikhail Gorbachev
1596:Sino-Soviet split
1569:chemical warheads
1422:
1421:
1287:
1286:
1217:Marmon-Herrington
912:artillery tractor
700:Reloading a BM-13
510:Órganos de Stalin
373:Mikhail Isakovsky
243:
242:
16:(Redirected from
2517:
2413:
2397:
2383:
2372:
2345:
2344:
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741:
734:RS-82 and RS-132
710:Musée de l'Armée
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211:Georgy Langemak
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85:Service history
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2103:2013-02-22 at
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1927:Zak, Anatoly.
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774:in June 1941.
724:at the Soviet
688:Katyusha on a
659:-ton 6×6 truck
630:Main article:
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2009:. Retrieved
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1959:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1932:
1922:
1903:
1872:
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1855:Carell, Paul
1849:
1837:. Retrieved
1833:
1824:
1790:
1783:
1761:
1693:T34 Calliope
1676:Panzerwerfer
1669:
1625:
1588:South Korean
1586:against the
1573:
1557:BM-27 Uragan
1534:
1525:
1521:
1505:
1498:
1483:Ivan Flyorov
1468:
1456:
1449:
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1295:Weapon name
1215:truck, Ford/
1213:Fordson WOT8
973:
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882:
878:
874:
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842:Stalin Prize
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620:shock effect
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282:World War II
278:Soviet Union
246:
244:
217:Manufacturer
113:World War II
98:Used by
93:1941–present
79:Soviet Union
36:
2183:Scafeș 2004
1666:Nebelwerfer
1610:during the
1500:Nebelwerfer
1487:German Army
1471:NKVD troops
1446:Axis powers
1431:The German
961:River boat,
762:(translit.
626:Development
522:Stalinorgel
482:Stalinorgel
470:Netherlands
466:Stalinorgel
430:Stalinorgel
405:Stalinorgel
352:. The name
342:A. Kostikov
236: built
128:Vietnam War
2474:Categories
2161:0668038179
1879:, Osprey,
1706:References
1576:Korean War
1565:land mines
1553:BM-21 Grad
1516:battalions
848:launcher.
838:Studebaker
803:Lend-Lease
679:Sevastopol
642:Lend-Lease
500:and other
414:pipe organ
389:Yekaterina
385:diminutive
326:BM-21 Grad
289:the first
148:Ogaden War
123:Korean War
1979:cite book
1711:Citations
1670:Wehrmacht
1604:Viet Minh
1508:regiments
1274:BM-31-12
1221:Chevrolet
1199:BM-13-16
1040:Willys MB
752:prototype
661:, at the
599:artillery
529:Andryusha
490:Hungarian
462:Norwegian
43:Katyusha
2339:14 April
2101:Archived
2077:Archived
1857:(1964).
1760:(1982),
1649:See also
1549:Cold War
1491:Red Army
1303:Warhead
1225:GMC CCKW
1155:BM-8-72
1141:BM-8-48
1127:BM-8-40
1113:BM-8-36
1077:BM-8-24
997:Chassis
877:, where
861:Variants
821:trucks.
736:(RS for
569:Voronezh
397:Katyusha
377:Katyusha
369:Red Army
365:Voronezh
340:, after
332:Nickname
322:Katyusha
247:Katyusha
239:~100,000
225:Produced
207:Designer
32:Katyusha
2455:archive
2170:2067459
1409:M-31UK
1353:M-13UK
1339:M-13DD
1298:Caliber
1260:M-31-4
1246:M-30-4
1232:M-20-6
1183:6-M-13
1097:24-M-8
1061:16-M-8
1047:M-8-12
1030:BM-8-8
987:Caliber
983:Weapon
935:ZIS-151
819:ZIS-151
799:KV tank
690:ZIL-157
675:Diorama
654:⁄
607:battery
588:rockets
533:Андрюша
518:Swedish
506:Spanish
486:Hungary
474:Belgium
468:), the
438:Finnish
434:Finland
422:Denmark
252:Катю́ша
2465:Angola
2445:Photos
2431:
2406:
2365:
2317:5 June
2294:
2269:
2168:
2158:
2037:7 July
2011:3 July
1967:
1938:29 May
1910:
1883:
1839:14 May
1798:
1774:
1602:. The
1567:, and
1495:Guards
1475:Rudnya
1169:BM-13
1016:M-8-6
994:rails
992:Tubes/
955:truck,
931:GAZ-AA
834:GAZ-67
791:ZIS-5V
514:Sweden
458:Norway
450:French
446:France
426:Danish
393:Katya,
295:trucks
59:truck.
2402:–54.
2005:(PDF)
1877:p 279
1768:p 207
1545:BM-24
1541:BM-14
1395:M-31
1381:M-30
1367:M-20
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