203:"Sit on top" kayaks place the paddler in an open, shallowly concave deck above the water level. This style is usually used for non-white water activities as most find it harder to stay inside the kayak while also preventing them from "rolling" which allows the user to upright themselves if they flip over. There are some benefits to sit on tops such as the ability for a "dry hatch" these are a compartment, that usually runs the length of the kayak, which in addition to providing more buoyancy allows for the kayaker to store various equipment. "Sit on top" kayaks often use "through holes" which allows any water that got in the boat to make it through the deck and dry hatch to drain. "Cockpit style" involves sitting with the legs and hips inside the kayak hull with a
296:
208:
kayaks are "play boats" these are usually very short kayaks in which the user does tricks and maneuvers: "Inflatables" are a hybrid of the two previous configurations; these boats have an open deck, but the paddler sits below the level of the deck. These boats are often subject to more instability due to the way the boat sits higher in the water. They are often used in a more commercial setting, they are often affectionately called "Duckies". "Tandems" are configured for multiple paddlers, in contrast to the single person designs featured by most kayaks. Tandems can be used by two or even three paddlers.
29:
37:
292:. Kayak fishing has gained popularity in recent times due to its broad appeal as an environmentally friendly and healthy method of transportation, as well as its relatively low cost of entry compared to motorized boats. In addition, kayaks allow greater access by their ability to operate in shallow water, getting in and out along the shoreline, and having the ability to get away from the crowds to find a more solitary environment where boats may not have the ability to do so.
217:
175:
2322:
1948:
102:, who had taken the basic kayak concept and developed multiple designs specifically for hunting, transportation, and environmental conditions. They soon recognized the Aleutians were very skillful at hunting sea otters by kayak. Because otters were a popular commodity in Europe and Asia, they would exploit and even kidnap Aleutians and keep them aboard their ships to work and hunt.
162:, and storage requirements. For example, wooden kayaks can be created from kits or built by hand. Stitch and glue, plywood kayaks can be lighter than any other material except skin-on frame. Inflatable kayaks, made from lightweight fabric, can be deflated and easily transported and stored, and are considered to be remarkably tough and durable compared to some hard-sided
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1090:
195:. Various other pieces of safety gear include a whistle for signaling for help; throwing ropes to help rescue other kayakers; and, a diving knife and appropriate water shoes should be used depending upon the risks the water and terrain pose. Proper clothing such as a dry suit, wetsuit or spray top also help protect kayakers from cold water or air temperatures.
207:
or "spray skirt" that creates a water-resistant seal around the waist. There is a wide range of "cockpit style" boats which usually allow for more user control of the boat as they are able to push against the walls of the boat to tip in order to complete maneuvers. A common variant of "cockpit style"
61:
by the sitting position of the paddler and the number of blades on the paddle. A kayak is a low-to-the-water, canoe-like boat in which the paddler sits facing forward, legs in front, using a double-bladed paddle to pull front-to-back on one side and then the other in rotation. Most kayaks have closed
90:
regions. They used driftwood and sometimes the skeleton of whales, to construct the frame of the kayak, and animal skin, particularly seal skin was used to create the body. The main purpose for creating the kayak, which literally translates to "hunter's boat" was for hunting and fishing. The kayak's
344:
One of the most common uses of kayaks for hobbyists is whitewater kayaking. Whitewater kayaking is when a kayaker traverses down a series of rapids. The difficulty of these rapid ranges from Class I to Class VI. The difficulty of rapids often changes with water level and debris in the river. Debris
261:
to the place they want to dive. The range can be up to several kilometres along the coastline from the launching point to a place where access would be difficult from the shore, although the sea is sheltered. It is a considerably cheaper alternative to using a powered boat, as well as combining the
153:
Kayaks can also be classified by their design and the materials from which they are made. Each design has its specific advantages, including performance, maneuverability, stability, and paddling style. Kayaks can be made of metal, fiberglass, wood, plastic, fabrics, and inflatable fabrics such as
144:
kayaks were introduced. Kayaking progressed as a fringe sport in the U.S. until the 1970s, when it became a mainstream popular sport. Now, more than 10 white water kayaking events are featured in the
Olympics. While kayaking represents a key international watersport, few academic studies have (to
182:
There are many types of kayaks used in flat water and whitewater kayaking. The sizes and shapes vary drastically depending on what type of water to be paddled on and also what the paddler would like to do. The second set of essentials for kayaking is an off-set paddle where the paddle blades are
183:
tilted to help reduce wind resistance while the other blade is being used in the water. These vary in length and also shape depending on the intended use, the height of the paddler, and the paddler's preference. Kayaks should be equipped with one or more
359:
A surfski (or: "surf ski", "surf-ski") is generally the longest of all kayaks and is a performance oriented kayak designed for speed on open water, most commonly the ocean, although it is well suited to all bodies of water and recreational paddling.
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187:(also called flotation) which creates air space that helps prevent a kayak from sinking when filled with water. A life jacket should be worn at all times (also called a personal flotation device or PFD), and a
1884:
105:
By the mid-1800s the kayak became increasingly popular and the
Europeans became interested. German and French men began kayaking for sport. In 1931, Adolf Anderle was the first person to kayak down the
345:
that inhibits a kayaker's path are often called "strainers" as they "strain" out the kayakers like a colander. There are often training camps as well as man-made structures to help train kayakers.
158:
or rubber, and more recently expensive but feather-light carbon fiber. Each material also has its specific advantages, including strength, durability, portability, flexibility, resistance to
266:
at the same time. Kayak diving gives the diver independence from dive boat operators, while allowing dives at sites which are too far to comfortably swim, but are sufficiently sheltered.
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Winter kayaking is inherently more dangerous than regular paddling, as cold water and air temperatures can quickly lead to
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stealth capabilities allowed for the hunter to sneak up behind animals on the shoreline and successfully catch their prey.
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110:, which is believed to be the birthplace of modern-day white-water kayaking. In 1932, long-distance kayaker
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Ecotourism based on kayak trips is gaining in popularity. In warm-water vacation destinations such as
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1999:
1991:
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372:. The activity requires the use of clothing that negates the effects of the elements on the kayaker.
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from a kayak, long a means of transportation and stealthily approaching easily spooked fish, such as
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This article is about double bladed paddle powered propulsion in general. For other uses, see
2271:
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2156:
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1816:
1737:
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796:"American Canoe Association: Paddling 101: A Newcomer's Guide to Safe Canoeing and Kayaking"
631:
236:
665:
145:
date) been conducted on the role kayaking plays in the lives and activities of the public
2297:
2196:
1763:
1522:
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123:
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322:, guided kayak trips take kayakers on a tour of the local ecosystem. Kayakers can watch
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2012:
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such as diving, fishing, wilderness exploration and search and rescue during floods.
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2007:
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119:
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2029:
1960:
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41:
126:, Scotland. Kayak races were introduced in the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936.
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643:
1089:
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570:"A Little German Girl' — Fridel Meyer's attempt to circumnavigate the UK"
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58:
1100:
235:
Because of their range and adaptability, kayaks can be useful for other
94:
In the 1740s, Russian explorers led by the Danish-born
Russian explorer
2166:
2146:
2131:
2089:
2064:
1638:
1595:
1532:
1063:"Winter Kayaking Clothes [Prevent Frostbite & Hypothermia]"
439:"ICF - Canoeing, Kayaking and Rowing: So what's the difference anyway?"
327:
323:
299:
Ecotour guide stands on a kayak, spotting dolphins and manatees around
281:
257:
where the divers paddle to a diving site in a kayak carrying all their
141:
115:
2256:
1653:
1623:
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87:
83:
44:
2084:
1885:
Sir
Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea-to-Sea Bicentennial Expeditions
1547:
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1441:
688:"What Is Best For You; An Inflatable Kayak Or A Hard-Shell Kayak?"
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163:
99:
79:
67:
63:
54:
35:
27:
870:
841:
1964:
1104:
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is also often required for most kayaking and is mandatory for
155:
133:
kayaks were developed and commonly used, until the 1980s when
489:"The Interesting History of Kayaks and the Sport of Kayaking"
615:
Parker, Christopher J.; May, Andrew; Mitchell, Val (2013).
617:"The Role of VGI and PGI in Supporting Outdoor Activities"
122:, England, and in 1933 she paddled from Westminster to
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1998:
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757:
666:"Inflatable Kayaks: Are They Safe? | Kayak Manual"
78:Kayaks were created thousands of years ago by the
57:for moving over water. It is distinguished from
1789:Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival
732:"Kayak Safety – Essential Paddling Safety Tips"
962:Kayak Fishing: The Ultimate Guide 2nd Edition.
1976:
1116:
869:. Wiltshire Search and Rescue. Archived from
178:Glowworm Kayaking at Waimarino Adventure Park
8:
1759:Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival
1983:
1969:
1961:
1769:Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York
1123:
1109:
1101:
568:Eichenmuller, Pascale (5 February 2021).
920:Kayak Fishing : The Complete Guide
430:
1827:British Dragon Boat Racing Association
960:Null, Scott and Mcbride, Joel (2009)
596:"History of Kayaking - HowStuffWorks"
7:
2331:
1928:The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes
1880:International Dragon Boat Federation
1029:"Kayak Coasting, SRQ Magazine(2015)"
330:eat seagrass, in shallow bay water.
948:Kayakfishing : The Revolution.
70:are growing in popularity as well.
544:"Origins: The History of Kayaking"
14:
1693:List of world records in canoeing
1049:"U.S National White Water Center"
714:"Inflatable vs. Hardshell Kayaks"
2330:
2321:
2320:
1946:
1088:
808:from the original on 2022-10-09.
690:. Surf to Summit. Archived from
382:Outline of canoeing and kayaking
1947:
1779:Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival
441:. Canoeicf.com. Archived from
1:
1703:Au Sable River Canoe Marathon
934:The Complete Kayak Fisherman.
892:Francis, John (August 2003).
1774:Houston Dragon Boat Festival
1676:Canoeing and kayaking venues
636:10.1016/j.apergo.2012.04.013
522:coastmountainexpeditions.com
32:A woman kayaking in a lagoon
1992:Water sports and activities
1857:Portuguese Canoe Federation
1784:Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival
1743:Riverland Paddling Marathon
548:Athletic Training Lifestyle
2383:
1852:Scottish Canoe Association
1812:American Canoe Association
1807:European Canoe Association
1300:Women's Canadian medalists
379:
352:
337:
311:
273:
253:Kayak diving is a type of
246:
20:
2316:
1944:
1890:UK Rivers Access Campaign
1842:Croatian Canoe Federation
820:"Why a sit-on-top kayak?"
574:performanceseakayak.co.uk
98:came in contact with the
23:Kayaking (disambiguation)
1847:Israel Canoe Association
1718:Hawkesbury Canoe Classic
1698:Adirondack Canoe Classic
1295:Men's Canadian medalists
982:"Cost Effective Fishing"
1351:Slalom Junior & U23
1340:Women's kayak medalists
1330:Women's canoe medalists
1310:Women's kayak medalists
1004:"Why Fish From a Kayak"
900:. Scuba Diving magazine
764:. The Heliconia Press.
576:. Performance Sea Kayak
16:Use of a kayak on water
2242:Outrigger canoe racing
1728:National Student Rodeo
1411:Canoe and kayak diving
1272:Standup paddleboarding
756:Bigelow, Jodi (2008).
518:"History of the Kayak"
304:
232:
179:
47:
33:
2362:Canoeing and kayaking
2252:Synchronized swimming
1875:Canadian Canoe Museum
1723:Massive Murray Paddle
1670:Artificial whitewater
1345:Mixed canoe medalists
1335:Men's kayak medalists
1325:Men's canoe medalists
1305:Men's kayak medalists
298:
219:
177:
39:
31:
1581:Canoe paddle strokes
1538:Sturgeon-nosed canoe
1097:at Wikimedia Commons
946:Daubert, Ken (2001)
932:Burnley, Ric (2007)
922:No Nonsense Guides.
760:Kayaking for Fitness
193:white water kayaking
82:, formerly known as
2247:Synchronized diving
2057:Activities on water
2000:Activities in water
1867:Other organisations
1713:Dusi Canoe Marathon
1467:International Canoe
1387:Whitewater canoeing
1382:Small-craft sailing
1315:Paracanoe medalists
918:Routh, Cory (2008)
542:McWilliams, Sarah.
419:Whitewater kayaking
340:Whitewater kayaking
255:recreational diving
225:Wilson's Promontory
2237:Dragon boat racing
1832:Canoe Kayak Canada
1614:Albano buoy system
1477:Recreational kayak
1421:Canoe orienteering
1366:Wildwater canoeing
1170:Wildwater canoeing
950:Coelacanth Pubns.
624:Applied Ergonomics
445:on August 15, 2012
305:
237:outdoor activities
233:
180:
86:, of the northern
48:
34:
2367:Whitewater sports
2344:
2343:
2293:Modern pentathlon
1958:
1957:
1916:Paddle-to-the-Sea
1909:La Chasse-galerie
1528:Pacific Northwest
1491:Traditional boats
1225:Other disciplines
1093:Media related to
970:978-1-896980-43-0
964:Heliconia Press.
956:978-0-9678098-2-3
942:978-1-58080-147-8
928:978-1-892469-19-9
898:How to Scuba Dive
280:Kayak fishing is
108:Salzachöfen Gorge
68:inflatable kayaks
2374:
2334:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2272:Water volleyball
2262:Water basketball
1985:
1978:
1971:
1962:
1950:
1949:
1817:Paddle Australia
1799:Governing bodies
1738:Waterside Series
1733:Thameside Series
1211:Female medalists
1143:Main disciplines
1125:
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873:on July 22, 2015
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846:Paddle Lake Erie
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694:on July 21, 2015
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495:. Archived from
493:surftosummit.com
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62:decks, although
53:is the use of a
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1764:Duanwu Festival
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1523:Outrigger canoe
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1201:Summer Olympics
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1180:Canoe freestyle
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1067:PumpupBoats.com
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842:"Kayaking News"
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364:Winter kayaking
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199:Types of kayaks
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2162:Stone skipping
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2115:Paddleboarding
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2047:Water aerobics
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1508:Chundan vallam
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1498:Aleutian kayak
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2281:Competitions
2192:Water skiing
2177:Wakeboarding
2152:Skimboarding
2110:Kneeboarding
2100:Kiteboarding
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2070:Bodyboarding
2040:synchronized
2025:Scuba diving
2018:synchronized
1933:
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1686:Competitions
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1634:Paddle leash
1629:Paddle float
1482:Sprint canoe
1435:Modern boats
1426:Canoe livery
1396:Sea kayaking
1389: /
1361:Ocean Racing
1262:Snow boating
1155:Canoe slalom
1150:Canoe sprint
1135:
1070:. Retrieved
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1008:Paddling.com
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871:the original
867:"Equipments"
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468:Kayak Review
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443:the original
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394:Canoe slalom
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185:buoyancy aid
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139:polyethylene
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112:Fridel Meyer
104:
96:Vitus Bering
93:
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40:Kayaking in
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2219:Team sports
2204:Windsurfing
2187:Wakesurfing
2182:Wakeskating
2127:Parasailing
2105:Kiteboating
2075:Bodysurfing
2008:Aquajogging
1935:Waterwalker
1837:Canoe Wales
1518:Fur brigade
1252:Surf skiing
1242:Nouka Baich
1013:24 November
904:23 February
580:22 December
553:24 November
527:26 November
409:Quadrathlon
370:hypothermia
326:breach and
231:, Australia
160:ultraviolet
120:Westminster
2351:Categories
2267:Water polo
2227:Canoe polo
2030:Snorkeling
1649:Spray deck
1591:Kayak roll
1573:Techniques
1375:Recreation
1165:Canoe polo
1072:2021-09-14
1034:2017-04-02
741:19 January
718:Kayak Guru
672:2021-12-10
601:2015-07-06
503:2015-07-06
449:2013-11-07
426:References
389:Canoe polo
334:Whitewater
314:Ecotourism
308:Ecotourism
212:Activities
205:spray deck
131:fiberglass
64:sit-on-top
42:whitewater
2303:Triathlon
1822:Paddle UK
1752:Festivals
1619:Outrigger
1606:Equipment
1563:Swan boat
1558:War canoe
1185:Paracanoe
783:Kayaking.
170:Equipment
135:polyester
100:Aleutians
2357:Kayaking
2326:Category
2209:Yachting
2197:barefoot
2157:Skurfing
2095:Kayaking
2085:Canoeing
2035:Swimming
1644:Sea sock
1391:kayaking
1356:Marathon
1232:Creeking
1194:Olympics
1136:kayaking
1132:Canoeing
1095:Kayaking
987:7 August
877:July 18,
851:June 27,
826:July 18,
803:Archived
698:July 18,
652:12918341
644:22795180
473:July 18,
399:Canoeing
376:See also
355:Surf ski
349:Surf ski
328:manatees
324:dolphins
301:Lido Key
290:flounder
229:Victoria
124:Montrose
59:canoeing
51:Kayaking
2336:Commons
2167:Surfing
2147:Sailing
2132:Rafting
2120:standup
2090:Fishing
2065:Boating
1952:Outline
1639:Royalex
1596:Portage
1533:Rabaska
777:13 July
282:fishing
270:Fishing
142:plastic
116:Bavaria
84:Eskimos
74:History
2257:Waboba
2172:Tubing
2142:Rowing
2013:Diving
1663:Venues
1654:Tuilik
1624:Paddle
1543:Taimen
1513:Dugout
1503:Cayuco
1321:Slalom
1291:Sprint
1216:Venues
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243:Diving
189:helmet
149:Design
88:Arctic
45:rapids
1900:Media
1548:Umiak
1472:Malia
1457:Flyak
1447:Kayak
1442:Canoe
806:(PDF)
799:(PDF)
648:S2CID
620:(PDF)
286:cobia
164:boats
80:Inuit
55:kayak
1921:film
1553:Waka
1134:and
1015:2018
989:2016
966:ISBN
952:ISBN
938:ISBN
924:ISBN
906:2014
879:2015
853:2018
828:2015
779:2015
766:ISBN
743:2018
700:2015
640:PMID
582:2022
555:2018
529:2018
475:2015
288:and
259:gear
137:and
66:and
1282:ICF
632:doi
227:in
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118:to
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