78:
341:
Presence of heavy metals is quite low and there is marked decrease in monsoon season due to heavy inflow. Levels of toxic material is below detectable limit. These estimations were done before setting up of Rajiv Gandhi CCPP on the banks of the Kayal. A study after setting up of the power plant reported that the temperature of cooling effluents were perceptibly higher than the lake water and the dissolved oxygen contend also fell near the plant site.
938:
connecting
Kayamkulam Lake and National Waterway, Water sports complex, Seasting Gallery, Tsunami Memorial, Museum, Cycling Track, floating restaurant, Recreation Zone, Adventure zone and House boat terminal with Amenities like Tourist arrival centre, Tourist inter protection centre, Boardwalk and view point, Landscaping, Yard lighting, Houseboat Jetty and waterway for boats. There are also allegations of misuse of the money.
303:
62:
925:
85:
717:
2393:
1436:
National
Thermal Power Corporation Ltd.. 1996. India - Kayamkulam Combined Cycle Power Plant Project : environmental impact assessment. Vol. 3 of India - Kayamkulam Combined Cycle Power Plant Project : environmental impact assessment. World Development Sources, WDS 1997-2. New Delhi, India:
1182:
National
Thermal Power Corporation Ltd.. 1996. India - Kayamkulam Combined Cycle Power Plant Project : environmental impact assessment. Vol. 2 of India - Kayamkulam Combined Cycle Power Plant Project : environmental impact assessment. World Development Sources, WDS 1997-2. New Delhi, India:
724:
The Kayal directly serves as the means of livelihood of thousands of fishermen. The chief catch is grey millets and prawns. The main fishing season is from
October to January during the season the Kayal will be connected to the sea. The majority of fish are caught using any one of cast net, gill net,
331:
The Kayal used to be connected to the sea most of the time but during dry season the sediments from the inflows separate the Kayal from the sea by forming a bar like formation and during the rainy season the bar is cut open by rivers and the Kayal was connected to the sea. Now the bar has been opened
1059:
Kayamkulam Kayal and its shore were the most affected parts in Kerala. Here the tsunami coincided with high tide amplifying the damage. Cheriazhikkal a village to the north of
Kayamkulam inlet on the shore of Kayamkulam lake had a water run up of 5 metres. Azhikkal on the southern side of Kayamkulam
962:
National waterway 3 passes through
Kayamkulam Kayal. Total length of waterway in the Kayal is approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) and Least Available Depth is at least 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in). Kayamkulam Kayal had been drenched for creation of the Waterway. There is an IWT terminal in
953:
is on the bank of
Kayamkulam Kayal. The majority of the plant site is reclaimed land from the Kayal which originally belonged to the Keral State Agricultural Department and was used for Grass Farming. The site was then acquired by NTPC. Kayal was drenched and the bed materials were used for leveling
344:
The water was studied by
Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute after NTPC was set up. Recorded pH values vary from 6.75 (May 2000) to 8.3 (April 2002). Mean water temperature is 29.5 ยฐC (85.1 ยฐF)(2002). Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) values, Chemical oxygen demand(COD) values and
310:
Kayamkulam Kayal lies between latitudes 9ยฐ2'N and 9ยฐ16'N and longitudes 76ยฐ25'E and 76ยฐ32'E. The backwater occupies area in both
Alappuzha district and Kollam of the total 1,652.33 hectares (4,083.0 acres), 140.58 hectares (347.4 acres) is in Kollam district and the rest 1,511.75 hectares (3,735.6
937:
Kayamkulam Kayal area is one of the benefactors of
Alappuzha Mega Tourism Project announced by the President of India, when he was visiting Alappuzha to witness the Nehru Trophy Boat Race. Tourism project that aims to exploit the tourism potential of Kayamkulam and nearby area aims build waterway
340:
Quality of water in the Kayal is highly dependent on the season as it is connected to both sea and fresh water rivers. The salinity of the water is highly season dependent and it also exhibits a gradient. In monsoon season salinity is 11% while in dry season it 30% almost that of a marine system.
262:
at Kayamkulam barrage. The Kayal used to be connected to the sea most of the time except during dry season when a bar like formation separates it from the sea. Now the bar has been opened up permanently for construction of Kayamkulam Fishing Harbor. Kayamkulam boat race is conducted in Kayamkulam
327:
The Kayal area has wet and maritime tropical climate influenced by the seasonal heavy rains. It receives more than 2000 mm of rain annually more than 70% of which come from the southwest summer monsoon(เดเดเดตเดชเตเดชเดพเดคเดฟ) and the rest from northeast winter monsoon (เดคเตเดฒเดพเดตเตผเดทเด). Annual mean temperature
409:
Percentage of sand, silt and clay varies widely with location and season with more percentage of sand in post monsoon season than in pre-monsoon. Silt and clay contents are higher in pre-monsoon. Sand grains fall mainly under the medium to very fine sand grade of Wentworth grain size scale. The
971:
Kayamkulam boat race is held in Kayamkulam kayal. The race track is 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) in length 70 metres (230 ft) in width and 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in depth. 2 Crore Rupees were spent for the restoration work. The inaugural boat race was conducted on 28 August 2010.
413:
Environment Impact Assessment before setting up Rajiv Gandhi CCP in Kayamkulam noted that concentration of mercury and nickel in the sediments is much lower than the crust rocks. Distribution of copper is inconsistent and varies spatially. Concentration of lead is marginally high but they are
1313:
1357:
CURRENT STATUS OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS IN THE ESTUARINE WATERS SUBJECTED TO EFFLUENT DISCHARGE FROM THE NTPC POWER STATION, KAYAMKULAM, KERALA November, 2O12 Submitted to UGC, Bangalore By Dr Padma. P., M.Sc., M.Phil., PhD., Associate Professor, Department Of Chemistry, SSV College,
279:, ordered his naval officers, Arattupuzha Arayars, to rupture the barrier separating it from the sea and let salt water in to make the fields un-cultivable. It is believed that when Kayamkulam was annexed the King threw all the valuables in his
430:. An environment impact assessment by National Thermal Power Corporation in association with the Fisheries department lists about 70 species of fishes in the Kayal. There are about 40 commercially important fish species which includes
414:
generally associated with chelates and other organic matter and are fixed in the sediment matrix and are not leachable. Sediment is high in iron content possiblily because weathering of charnockite and pagmetite rocks.
311:
acres) in Alappuzha district. The Kayal has high length to width ratio and is almost a linear water body. It fall within the Survey of India(501) topographic sheets 58C/8 and 58C/12. The Kayal is connected to
980:
race is the main event. Besides the main category other categories include Thekkenodi women's category, Veppu A grade category, Veppu B grade category and Churulan category and Iruttukutthi A grade category.
1416:
The Grey Mullets of Kayamkulam Lake, India, and Their Fishery C. Mary John Copeia Vol. 1955, No. 3 (19 August 1955), pp. 225-230 Published by: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH)
1435:
1181:
1589:
1478:
737:
The environment impact assessment survey conducted by NTPC, reports the presence of 27 species of birds that fall into 25 different genera. These birds include
357:. The distribution of algae is climate dependent showing marked variations. A 2001-02 study reported the presence of forty-one genus of algae seven genus of
110:
1563:
275:
There is a popular belief that Kayamkulam kayal was once lush green fields and Kayamkulam Raja, angry and desolate from being defeated by Travancore King
1673:
426:. She reports that most species of grey millets migrate to the lake during the months when Kayal is connected to the sea. The Kayal is rich in
2006:
1537:
2431:
725:
scare net, seine net, dip net, ring net, scoope net or trap. Arattupuzha, a fishing village on the bank of Kayamkulam Kayal, is famous for
77:
637:
There are about fifteen species of prawn in the Kayal of which eleven are commercially important. Commercially important species include
1328:
1599:
328:
minimum and maximum are around 25 ยฐC (77 ยฐF) and 30 ยฐC (86 ยฐF). Humidity is higher in mornings than in afternoons.
1296:
1231:
1347:. Kochi,Kerala: Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics School of Marine Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology.
2344:
393:
population peaks in post monsoon. The deeper part of the lake is poor in vegetation except for encrustation by blue green algae
2324:
1666:
1261:
1345:
GEOCHEMICAL, SEDIMENTOLOGICAL AND REMOTE SENSING STUDIES OF KAYAMKULAM ESTUARY, SOUTH WEST COAST OF INDIA - A GIS APPROACH
1147:
972:
Kayamkulam boat race as the brain child of MLA C.K. Sadashivan. The first boat race was inaugurated by the Chief Minister
410:
northern part is silty or clayey centre mostly sandy and southern part mostly muddy but with great variations in between.
1448:
2416:
2339:
1486:
1406:
Antony.A.1975 Foraminifera from the Kayamkulam lake, Department of Marine Science University of Cochin VII(2) 251-262p.
1092:
University of Cochin. Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Cochin. Dept. of Marine Biology and Oceanography (1971).
2421:
627:
1132:
Thomson, K T (February 2003). "Economic and Social Management of Estuarine Biodiversity in the West Coast of India".
954:
the plant site. Effluents and other waste from the plant, after processing, is discharged into the Kayamkulam Kayal.
1807:
1508:
2426:
2314:
1659:
810:
658:
595:
2374:
2097:
2087:
1694:
527:
507:
463:
2334:
1822:
1060:
inlet had a water run up of 4.5 m. A Tsunami Memorial is built in Azhikkal for commemoration of the event.
818:
814:
798:
555:
345:
nutrient content were high, these were attributed to NTPC effluent discharge and retting of coconut husks.
2329:
782:
591:
559:
519:
2304:
2240:
1935:
1621:
N. P. Kurian; Abilash P.; Pillai, K.; Rajith, B. T.; Murali Krishnan; P. Kalaiarasan (25 January 2006).
1105:
913:
830:
746:
654:
607:
503:
2364:
2215:
2205:
2117:
1747:
758:
646:
579:
467:
2309:
2112:
2102:
1802:
1767:
973:
615:
575:
511:
499:
491:
291:
280:
1623:"Inundation characteristics and geomorphological impacts of December 2004 tsunami on Kerala coast"
302:
2319:
2230:
2225:
2127:
2092:
2077:
1990:
1950:
1925:
1905:
1812:
1594:
778:
704:
623:
551:
531:
142:
51:
538:. Besides the commercially important species there are about 30 other species of fish including
2369:
2220:
2142:
2072:
2041:
2021:
1732:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1292:
834:
826:
742:
681:
487:
435:
370:
2122:
1975:
1945:
1870:
1200:
619:
567:
539:
439:
2200:
2195:
2160:
2150:
2132:
1890:
1787:
1777:
1757:
1742:
1727:
1118:
950:
946:
638:
631:
611:
543:
535:
495:
483:
455:
443:
431:
316:
276:
446:, tade grey mullet, bluetail mullet, Commerson's glassy perchlet, bald glassy perchlet,
1239:
389:. This study also remark on the seasonal variation of algae population and reports that
2268:
2107:
2046:
2036:
2016:
1995:
1895:
1880:
1875:
1850:
1817:
1772:
1722:
838:
794:
698:
571:
523:
515:
479:
447:
398:
312:
161:
2410:
2245:
2210:
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1965:
1960:
1885:
1865:
1855:
1797:
1792:
1622:
894:
802:
762:
667:
547:
423:
390:
386:
362:
255:
2397:
2379:
2190:
2180:
2165:
2082:
2031:
1920:
1910:
1782:
866:
786:
754:
642:
603:
583:
394:
373:. It also report the presence of fifteen zooplanktons which includes four genus of
366:
358:
287:
1329:
KERALA INLAND FISHERIES STATISTICS 2010 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
1265:
2299:
2273:
2235:
2056:
1985:
1980:
1970:
1940:
1930:
1860:
1845:
1840:
1682:
903:
898:
882:
878:
822:
774:
770:
738:
587:
451:
259:
153:
1151:
924:
2283:
2278:
2175:
2155:
1915:
1762:
1752:
1702:
1456:
977:
890:
862:
853:
Environment Impact Assessment Survey conducted by NTPC, recorded the presence
806:
790:
766:
231:
149:
61:
125:
112:
1955:
1830:
886:
854:
750:
716:
475:
729:
mud formation resulting from thronging of large amount of fish and prawns.
1900:
1737:
930:
874:
858:
459:
382:
378:
374:
354:
1651:
2185:
1835:
1512:
1415:
1150:. Collectorate, Alappuzha District, Kerala State, India. Archived from
870:
726:
251:
143:
2170:
1686:
842:
563:
427:
264:
1378:
263:
Kayal. Kayamkulam Kayal is the third largest back water or kayal in
353:
The shallow warm waters of the Kayal is abundant in vegetation and
923:
715:
301:
1208:
International Journal of Institutional Pharmacy and Life Sciences
1201:"SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHLOROPHYCEAE IN KAYAMKULAM BACK WATER"
1655:
963:
Kayamkulam occupying an area of 1.6304 acres (0.6598 ha).
893:
in the lake bed. Kayal is home to molluscs, two mussel species
294:
sunk his mother-in-law, after killing her, in Kayamkulam Lake.
1077:
Shree Narain Dwivedi; V. S. Bhatt; Pradeep Chaturvedi (1989).
332:
up permanently for construction of Kayamkulam Fishing Harbor.
1379:"FISHERY OF SELECTED PRAWN SPECIES IN KAYAMKULAM BACKWATER"
1199:
Amina S; Sivakami R; Latha C; Anthoni Samy A (May 2012).
422:
A 1955 study by Mary John identified fifteen species of
397:. A 1975 study reported the presence sixteen genus of
250:
is a shallow brackish water lagoon stretching between
1511:. Inland Waterways Authority of India. Archived from
1291:. Kerala State, India: D C Books. pp. 229โ230.
1081:. Indian Association for the Advancement of Science.
385:. A 2012 study reports the presence of ten genus of
2357:
2292:
2261:
2254:
2141:
2065:
2004:
1693:
1134:
Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin
227:
223:
215:
207:
199:
191:
183:
175:
171:
160:
141:
102:
23:
1449:"เดเดพเดฏเดเดเตเดณเด เดเดพเดฏเดฒเตโ เดเตเดฑเดฟเดธเด เดตเดฟเดเดธเดจเดคเตเดคเดฟเดจเต เดตเดดเดฟเดคเตเดณเดฟเดฏเตเดจเตเดจเต"
947:Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Plant Kayamkulam
103:
43:
1590:"Jawahar Thayankari wins Kayamkulam boat race"
474:, roughscale tonguesole, speckled tonguesole,
1667:
1538:"Payipad wins inaugural Kayamkulam boat race"
1094:Bulletin of the Department of Marine Sciences
8:
1564:"Kayamkulam Boat Race ends in photo finish"
1386:Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute
283:into Kayamkulam lake and fled the Kingdom.
2258:
1674:
1660:
1652:
20:
1532:
1530:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1318:. เดตเดฟเดเตเดเดฟเดเตเดฐเดจเตเดฅเดถเดพเดฒ (Malayalam Wikisource).
1264:. Kayamkulam Municipality. Archived from
1194:
1192:
1190:
983:
84:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1069:
696:The Kayal is also home to crab species
1437:National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1358:Valayanchirangara, Perumbavoor, Kerala
1338:
1336:
1226:
1224:
1183:National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd
1114:
1103:
1479:"เดเดพเดฏเดเดเตเดณเด เดเดพเดฏเตฝ เดถเตเดจเตเดฏเด, เดเตเดเดฟเดเตพ เดชเดพเดดเดพเดฏเดฟ"
1377:Nandan, Dr. S. Bijoy (January 2005).
7:
1262:"เดเดพเดฏเดเดเตเดณเด เดธเดพเดฎเตเดนเตเดฏเดธเดพเดเดธเตเดเดพเดฐเดฟเด เดเดฐเดฟเดคเตเดฐเด"
434:, greenback mullet, longarm mullet,
1598:. 8 September 2013. Archived from
203:1.77 metres (5 ft 10 in)
14:
1485:. 10 October 2012. Archived from
195:1,652.33 hectares (4,083.0 acres)
2391:
1232:"Kerala to have a new boat race"
1079:Coastal Zone Management in India
211:2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in)
83:
76:
60:
916:are found in Kayamkulam Kayal.
219:less than 1 metre (3.3 ft)
214:
206:
198:
190:
182:
174:
1455:. 10 June 2012. Archived from
1238:. 13 July 2010. Archived from
1148:"Alappuzha Rivers & Lakes"
920:Alappuzha Mega Tourism Project
187:2.74 kilometres (1.70 mi)
179:30.4 kilometres (18.9 mi)
1:
1315:เดเดคเดฟเดนเตเดฏเดฎเดพเดฒ เดเดพเดฏเดเดเตเดณเด เดเตเดเตเดเตเดฃเตเดฃเดฟ
498:, small Bengal silver-biddy,
2325:President's Trophy Boat Race
1287:Menon, A. Sreedhara (2007).
942:Rajiv Gandhi CCPP Kayamkulam
2432:Wetlands in Kollam district
1827:Karimpuzha River (Palakkad)
1046:Jawahar Thayankkari Chundan
1033:Jawahar Thayankkari Chundan
2448:
1289:A survey of Kerala history
679:and other species include
258:. It has an outlet to the
2388:
2315:Kandassankadavu Boat Race
1509:"National Waterway No. 3"
1312:เดถเดเตเดเตเดฃเตเดฃเดฟ, เดเตเดเตเดเดพเดฐเดคเตเดคเดฟเตฝ.
811:white-throated kingfisher
677:Macrobrachium scabriculum
71:
59:
44:
42:
28:
2375:Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary
594:, spotfin snouted goby
1343:Srinivas, Reji (2001).
819:stork-billed kingfisher
815:yellow-throated sparrow
799:black-capped kingfisher
687:Metapenaeus brevicornis
596:Indian short-finned eel
323:Meteorology and climate
306:Map of Kayamkulam Kayal
66:View of Kayamkulam lake
2345:Sree Narayana Jayanthi
934:
783:black-rumped flameback
721:
691:Macrobrachium equidens
659:giant freshwater prawn
600:Macrognathus guentheri
562:, milkspotted puffer,
520:fringescale sardinella
361:, Twenty one genus of
307:
2305:Payippadu Vallam Kali
2211:Paravur Thekkumbhagam
927:
831:greater painted-snipe
747:Malabar pied hornbill
719:
612:striped dwarf catfish
604:long whiskers catfish
560:chacunda gizzard shad
548:black-tailed trevally
305:
290:it is mentioned that
16:Back water in allepey
2365:Estuaries of Paravur
2216:Padinjarekkara Beach
1602:on 28 September 2013
967:Kayamkulam Boat Race
759:little ringed plover
673:Macrobrachium idella
580:mangrove red snapper
556:long-billed halfbeak
496:slender silver-biddy
492:whipfin silver-biddy
486:, sulphur goatfish,
2417:Landforms of Kerala
2310:Triprayar Boat Race
1020:Sree Ganesh Chundan
958:National Waterway 3
908:and clams of genus
651:Metapenaeus dobsoni
616:scarlet-banded barb
528:Commerson's anchovy
512:Indo-Pacific tarpon
468:largetooth flounder
381:and three genus of
369:and eight genus of
292:Kayamkulam Kochunni
122: /
2422:Estuaries of India
2340:Champakulam Moolam
2098:Meenmutty, Wayanad
1595:The Times of India
1268:on 31 January 2016
1154:on 13 October 2013
974:V.S. Achuthanandan
935:
895:Asian green mussel
889:(peanut worm) and
779:fork-tailed drongo
722:
705:Portunus pelagicus
663:Macrobrachium idae
558:, Quoy's garfish,
552:congaturi halfbeak
508:shortnose ponyfish
308:
248:Kayamkulam Estuary
35:Kayamkulam Estuary
2404:
2403:
2370:Islands of Kollam
2353:
2352:
2022:Kavvayi Backwater
1713:Anjarakandi River
1489:on 3 October 2013
1459:on 2 October 2013
1242:on 2 October 2013
1113:Missing or empty
1052:
1051:
901:, oyster species
835:black-headed ibis
827:red-vented bulbul
743:common kingfisher
685:, orange shrimp,
682:Caridina nilotica
647:green tiger prawn
639:giant tiger prawn
632:spotted snakehead
504:splendid ponyfish
464:longfin snake-eel
436:largescale mullet
377:, eight genus of
371:Bacillariophyceae
315:in the north and
237:
236:
216:Surface elevation
2439:
2427:Lagoons of India
2398:India portal
2396:
2395:
2394:
2259:
2027:Kayamkulam Kayal
1976:Thuppanadippuzha
1676:
1669:
1662:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1627:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1570:. 26 August 2012
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1544:. 28 August 2010
1534:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1515:on 8 August 2013
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1383:
1374:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1101:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1043:7 September 2013
984:
657:, Jinga shrimp,
620:greenstripe barb
540:northern whiting
440:gold-spot mullet
365:, five genus of
240:Kayamkulam Kayal
145:
137:
136:
134:
133:
132:
127:
126:9.167ยฐN 76.467ยฐE
123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
105:
91:Kayamkulam Kayal
87:
86:
80:
64:
55:
47:
46:
24:Kayamkulam Kayal
21:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2349:
2288:
2250:
2241:Thirumullavaram
2161:Chavakkad Beach
2137:
2061:
2008:
2000:
1743:Cherukunnapuzha
1689:
1680:
1650:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1630:Current Science
1625:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1421:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1362:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1188:
1180:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1112:
1102:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1057:
1007:Payipad Chundan
969:
960:
951:NTPC Kayamkulam
944:
922:
877:(ribbon worm),
851:
735:
714:
655:speckled shrimp
544:bigeye trevally
536:walking catfish
532:Malabar thryssa
500:common ponyfish
484:orange chromide
456:spotted catfish
444:bluespot mullet
432:flathead mullet
420:
407:
351:
338:
325:
317:Ashtamudi Kayal
300:
277:Marthanda Varma
273:
244:Kayamkulam Lake
164: countries
144:Primary inflows
130:
128:
124:
121:
116:
113:
111:
109:
108:
98:
97:
96:
95:
94:
93:
92:
88:
67:
49:
38:
32:Kayamkulam Lake
17:
12:
11:
5:
2445:
2443:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2358:Related topics
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2269:Chundan Vallam
2265:
2263:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2206:Muzhappilangad
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2118:Perunthenaruvi
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:Vellayani Lake
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2009:and reservoirs
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1996:Vandazhippuzha
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1896:Meenkarappuzha
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1773:Iruvanjippuzha
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1723:Bharathappuzha
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1613:
1581:
1555:
1526:
1500:
1470:
1440:
1419:
1408:
1399:
1360:
1350:
1332:
1321:
1304:
1297:
1279:
1253:
1220:
1186:
1165:
1139:
1124:
1084:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:25 August 2012
1028:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:27 August 2011
1015:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:28 August 2010
1002:
998:
997:
994:
991:
988:
968:
965:
959:
956:
943:
940:
921:
918:
850:
847:
839:common babbler
795:common moorhen
734:
731:
713:
712:Inland fishing
710:
699:Scylla serrata
628:Indian carplet
624:climbing perch
608:yellow catfish
592:sharptail goby
570:, chorinemus,
568:Indian halibut
524:Indian anchovy
448:greasy grouper
419:
416:
406:
403:
399:foraminiferans
350:
347:
337:
334:
324:
321:
319:in the south.
313:Vembanad Kayal
299:
296:
272:
269:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
158:
157:
156:through Canals
147:
139:
138:
106:
100:
99:
90:
89:
82:
81:
75:
74:
73:
72:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
40:
39:
37:
36:
33:
29:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2444:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2399:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:Indira Gandhi
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Pattathippara
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:Kumbhavurutty
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:Perinjankutti
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:Maruthappuzha
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Kuthirappuzha
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Kanjirappuzha
1806:
1804:
1803:Kalpathipuzha
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:Gayathripuzha
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1298:9788126415786
1294:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
992:
989:
986:
985:
982:
979:
975:
966:
964:
957:
955:
952:
948:
941:
939:
933:
932:
926:
919:
917:
915:
911:
907:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
849:Benthic fauna
848:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:house sparrow
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
763:Indian roller
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
732:
730:
728:
718:
711:
709:
707:
706:
701:
700:
694:
692:
688:
684:
683:
678:
674:
670:
669:
668:Macrobrachium
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:dusky sleeper
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
417:
415:
411:
404:
402:
400:
396:
392:
391:Chlorophyceae
388:
387:Chlorophyceae
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:Chlorophyceae
360:
356:
348:
346:
342:
336:Water quality
335:
333:
329:
322:
320:
318:
314:
304:
297:
295:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
270:
268:
266:
261:
257:
256:Karthikapally
253:
249:
245:
241:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
210:
202:
200:Average depth
194:
186:
178:
170:
166:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
146:
140:
135:
131:9.167; 76.467
107:
101:
79:
70:
63:
58:
53:
45:เดเดพเดฏเดเดเตเดณเด เดเดพเดฏเตฝ
41:
34:
31:
30:
27:
22:
19:
2380:Pathiramanal
2330:Nehru Trophy
2231:Snehatheeram
2226:Shankumugham
2128:Thusharagiri
2078:Athirappilly
2042:Sasthamkotta
2026:
1991:Valapattanam
1951:Parambikulam
1926:Pallichelaru
1911:Muvattupuzha
1906:Muthirapuzha
1813:Kannadipuzha
1640:28 September
1638:. Retrieved
1633:
1629:
1616:
1606:28 September
1604:. Retrieved
1600:the original
1593:
1584:
1574:28 September
1572:. Retrieved
1567:
1558:
1548:28 September
1546:. Retrieved
1541:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:the original
1503:
1493:29 September
1491:. Retrieved
1487:the original
1482:
1473:
1463:29 September
1461:. Retrieved
1457:the original
1452:
1443:
1411:
1402:
1392:28 September
1390:. Retrieved
1385:
1353:
1344:
1324:
1314:
1307:
1288:
1282:
1272:27 September
1270:. Retrieved
1266:the original
1256:
1246:29 September
1244:. Retrieved
1240:the original
1235:
1213:28 September
1211:. Retrieved
1207:
1158:27 September
1156:. Retrieved
1152:the original
1142:
1133:
1127:
1115:|title=
1106:cite journal
1097:
1093:
1087:
1078:
1072:
1058:
1055:2004 tsunami
970:
961:
945:
936:
929:
909:
902:
899:brown mussel
867:Gastrotricha
852:
787:little egret
755:cattle egret
736:
723:
703:
697:
695:
690:
686:
680:
676:
672:
666:
662:
650:
643:Indian prawn
636:
599:
584:dory snapper
488:spotted scat
472:Solea indica
471:
424:grey mullets
421:
412:
408:
395:Oscillatoria
367:Desmidiaceae
352:
343:
339:
330:
326:
309:
288:Aithihyamala
285:
274:
247:
243:
239:
238:
192:Surface area
18:
2300:Vallam kali
2274:Kettuvallam
2236:Tanur Beach
2221:Payyambalam
2073:Aruvikkuzhy
2057:Veeranpuzha
1981:Thuthapuzha
1971:Punnappuzha
1941:Pandippuzha
1861:Madatharuvi
1846:Kunthipuzha
1841:Kottappuzha
1733:Chalippuzha
1718:Ayalurpuzha
1708:Ambankadavu
1683:Hydrography
1236:Mathrubhumi
904:Crassostrea
883:Polychaetes
879:Oligochaeta
823:baya weaver
775:jungle fowl
771:jungle crow
739:common myna
720:Fishing Net
588:sleepy goby
452:tiger perch
359:Myxophyceae
260:Arabian sea
228:Settlements
176:Max. length
129: /
104:Coordinates
2411:Categories
2279:Palliyodam
2176:Kappkadavu
2123:Soochipara
2066:Waterfalls
1946:Papanasini
1916:Neerppuzha
1871:Malampuzha
1823:Karimpuzha
1763:Edamalayar
1753:Cheruthoni
1748:Cherupuzha
1703:Achankovil
1519:13 October
1064:References
996:Reference
978:Snake boat
914:black clam
891:Tanaidacea
863:Gastropoda
807:black kite
791:Asian koel
767:house crow
516:tenpounder
232:Kayamkulam
208:Max. depth
184:Max. width
150:Achankovil
2201:Mundakkal
2196:Meenkunnu
2151:Alappuzha
2133:Vazhachal
2037:Punnamada
2017:Ashtamudi
1956:Payaswini
1891:Meenachil
1831:Korapuzha
1788:Kadalundi
1778:Ithikkara
1758:Chulliyar
1728:Chalakudy
1568:The Hindu
1542:The Hindu
1453:Madhyamam
906:bilineata
887:Sipuncula
855:Amphipoda
751:snakebird
576:tank goby
480:pearlspot
476:barracuda
418:Aquafauna
405:Sediments
355:planktons
298:Geography
52:Malayalam
2320:Aranmula
2108:Palaruvi
2103:Oliyarik
2052:Vembanad
1901:Mullayar
1881:Manimala
1876:Mangalam
1851:Kurumali
1818:Karamana
1738:Chaliyar
931:Clappana
910:Meretrix
875:Nemertea
859:Bivalvia
733:Avifauna
671:Spence,
460:milkfish
383:Copepoda
379:Rotifera
375:protozoa
2246:Varkala
2186:Kovalam
2143:Beaches
2093:Manalar
2032:Paravur
2005:Lakes,
1966:Periyar
1836:Korayar
1798:Kallayi
1793:Kallada
987:Sl. no.
871:Isopoda
727:chakara
271:History
252:Panmana
117:76ยฐ28โฒE
2191:Marari
2181:Kollam
2171:Kappad
2166:Cherai
2083:Charpa
1936:Pambar
1921:Neyyar
1783:Kabini
1695:Rivers
1687:Kerala
1483:Thejas
1295:
993:Winner
843:hoopoe
564:diodon
428:prawns
281:palace
265:Kerala
114:9ยฐ10โฒN
48:
2293:Races
2262:Types
2255:Boats
2156:Bekal
2007:dams
1986:Tirur
1931:Pamba
1626:(PDF)
1388:(140)
1382:(PDF)
1204:(PDF)
349:Algae
167:India
162:Basin
154:Pamba
1866:Mahรฉ
1642:2013
1608:2013
1576:2013
1550:2013
1521:2013
1495:2013
1465:2013
1394:2013
1293:ISBN
1274:2013
1248:2013
1215:2013
1160:2013
1119:help
990:Date
912:and
897:and
841:and
702:and
689:and
630:and
534:and
254:and
2284:Uru
1685:of
1636:(2)
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