1470:
1534:
1209:
1446:
1360:
1415:
996:
1511:
1375:
29:
1395:
1492:
951:
2066:
1458:
1159:
142:
1430:
896:
751:
3240:
330:
1533:
1069:
Initially there were 11 non-imperial princes, 24 marquesses, 76 counts, 324 viscounts and 74 barons, for a total of 509 peers. By 1928, through promotions and new creations, there were a total of 954 peers: 18 non-imperial princes, 40 marquesses, 108 counts, 379 viscounts and 409 barons. The
1445:
1469:
1510:
1204:
system. They were regarded as the poorest and received extra stipends to support their living. A 1915 survey found that a kazoku family had around 13 servants on average, while the grandest families had hundreds.
1741:
1656:
1053:
Unlike
European custom, the adopted heir of a peer could succeed to a title ahead of a more senior heir in terms of primogeniture. A 1904 amendment to the 1889 Imperial Household Law allowed minor princes
3075:
2353:
2271:
992:
upon their succession or upon majority (in the case of peers who were minors). Counts, viscounts and barons elected up to 150 representatives from their ranks to sit in the House of Peers.
3070:
1038:. Unlike in European peerage systems, but following traditional Japanese custom, illegitimate sons could succeed to titles and estates. To prevent their lineages from dying out, heads of
2506:
2013:
692:
house became a prince in 1884. The heads of the
Tokudaiji and the Saionji houses were advanced to the rank of prince from the rank of marquess in 1911 and 1920, respectively.
2959:
1749:
1666:
927:), a cadet branch of the clan which had remained loyal to the Emperor during the conflict, was raised to the rank of marquess, having been ennobled as a count in 1884.
3105:
1642:
2040:
1374:
1414:
1394:
934:
were ennobled as counts in 1884, promoted to marquesses in 1895 and finally became princes in 1907. The heirs of Okubo
Toshimichi and Kido Takayoshi, two of the
695:
In recognition of his father's role in the Meiji
Restoration, Iwakura Tomosada, the heir of noble Iwakura Tomomi and whose family had been in the fourth tier of
1359:
3143:
2977:
1491:
1304:
812:) became marquesses, the heads of the secondary branches became counts and the heads of more distant branches became viscounts. The head of the Matsudaira (
3110:
2496:
2427:
1044:
houses could (and frequently did) adopt sons from collateral branches of their own houses, whether in the male or female lines of descent, and from other
1208:
2825:
2440:
2322:
1950:
3939:
3914:
2223:
2213:
1429:
3196:
2018:
3183:
3023:
2997:
3909:
2967:
1878:
1851:
1093:
and ended the use of all titles of nobility or rank outside the immediate
Imperial Family. Since the end of the war, many descendants of the
2795:
3218:
2556:
2432:
2332:
2317:
2228:
2188:
2810:
675:, for taking a prominent role in national affairs or for their close degree of relationship to the Imperial family. Thus the head of the
3929:
3568:
3095:
3090:
2312:
357:
from their posts as provincial governors and as government leaders. The stipends promised by the government were eventually replaced by
516:
descent depended on the highest possible office to which its ancestors had been entitled in the imperial court. Thus, the heirs of the
3919:
2667:
2662:
2561:
2501:
2292:
2282:
1973:
1457:
1983:
1978:
1924:
Some
Information on Nobility, Peerage and Ranks in Ancient and Meiji Japan—Information on Japanese nobility with additional sources
1178:
families were supposed to live in a style that matched their status, living standards varied significantly from family to family.
3757:
3136:
3002:
2987:
2982:
2697:
2456:
2389:
2178:
1998:
127:, which is pronounced the same in Japanese, but with a different character reading that means "immediate family" (as in the film
2690:
1244:
2712:
3065:
2413:
2183:
1988:
1714:
1451:
Woodblock print of "Enlightened Nobles", depicting prominent noble politicians and military commanders of the Meiji era, 1877
1321:
of 1889 prohibited
Imperial Princes from marrying commoners, hence their options were limited to Princesses and daughters of
1248:
975:
1017:
status to persons regarded as having performed distinguished public services to the nation. The government also divided the
3813:
3780:
3732:
3627:
2992:
2422:
2337:
2327:
2233:
1943:
89:. Distinguished military officers, politicians, and scholars were occasionally ennobled until the country's defeat in the
919:; this was likely due to the domain's prominent role as the leader of a coalition against the Imperial forces during the
3190:
2972:
2843:
2302:
2243:
1598:
2652:
995:
3261:
3206:
3129:
2471:
2342:
1552:
1483:
1814:
3934:
3924:
3610:
2934:
2903:
1346:
1330:
1216:
1212:
938:
of the Meiji
Restoration, were ennobled as marquesses in 1884, followed by the heirs of samurai general-politician
930:
Many of those who had significant roles in the Meiji
Restoration, or their heirs, were ennobled. Ito Hirobumi and
3416:
3330:
2893:
2888:
2815:
2775:
2755:
2566:
2253:
2045:
1993:
707:, was ennobled as a prince in 1884. Nakayama Tadayasu, the Meiji Emperor's maternal grandfather and also from an
3695:
3602:
3007:
2790:
2737:
2685:
2307:
2135:
1936:
1366:
1288:
1200:, who descended from kuge families (22 of which belonged to the Fujiwara clan), were all made barons under the
28:
2830:
1231:
for their primary and secondary education. For higher education, the most preferred institutions included the
3465:
3459:
3452:
2707:
2637:
2446:
2198:
2125:
1520:
1516:
1338:
1268:
1063:
2476:
591:
105:
descendants still form the core of the traditional upper class in the country's society, distinct from the
3709:
2547:
2511:
2487:
2384:
2369:
2218:
2130:
1318:
1280:
985:
916:
714:
1540:
3531:
2571:
2033:
1797:
1143:
1084:
323:
98:
1544:
1296:
1003:
Under the
Peerage Act of 7 July 1884, pushed through by Home Minister and future first Prime Minister
3747:
3201:
2702:
2526:
2516:
2028:
1308:
1066:
to renounce their imperial status and become peers (in their own right) or heirs to childless peers.
852:) clans were both ennobled as princes in 1884 for their role in the Meiji Restoration; the Yamauchi (
734:
718:
1381:
3715:
3661:
3597:
3526:
3488:
2929:
2876:
2849:
2839:
2785:
2780:
2765:
2717:
2642:
2466:
2145:
2140:
2023:
1661:
1498:
1292:
1232:
1167:
830:
755:
245:
950:
845:
682:
3775:
3742:
3620:
3615:
3592:
3437:
3351:
3298:
2898:
2835:
2657:
2627:
2168:
1905:
1252:
935:
824:
722:
595:
587:
538:
517:
297:
201:
41:
3178:
1186:
became the de facto ruling class in the 11th century, tended to be significantly worse off than
816:) branch was raised to the rank of marquess from the rank of count in 1888. In 1902, the former
347:
without an official government appointment in the provinces were initially obliged to reside in
3722:
3700:
3690:
3685:
3656:
3651:
3325:
3223:
2939:
2632:
2612:
2088:
2008:
1874:
1857:
1847:
1636:
1617:
1475:
1272:
939:
672:
197:
162:
1888:
Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi (1991). "In Name Only: Imperial Sovereignty in Early Modern Japan".
984:. The holders of the top two ranks, prince and marquess, automatically became members of the
3767:
3762:
3666:
3586:
3554:
3537:
3521:
3346:
3275:
3080:
3055:
2800:
2521:
2193:
1897:
1421:
1028:
931:
881:
857:
546:
334:
307:
205:
1117:, or Peers' Club, was the association of the high nobility. It had its headquarters in the
3904:
3737:
3563:
3515:
3383:
3100:
2805:
2727:
2647:
2120:
1959:
1548:
1401:
1350:
1311:, an heir to a viscountcy who pursued his passion for films and was disinherited in 1935.
1284:
1279:). After completing their education, they pursued varied careers such as statesmen at the
1264:
1256:
1236:
1077:
1024:
885:
803:
358:
218:
146:
86:
70:
3050:
2722:
1034:
Usually, though not always, titles and hereditary financial stipends passed according to
1004:
900:
293:
3727:
3645:
3581:
3575:
3477:
3471:
3411:
3282:
3085:
3060:
2944:
2770:
2760:
2617:
2581:
2003:
1502:
1385:
1300:
1276:
1240:
1158:
967:
924:
869:
865:
861:
849:
687:
629:
621:
601:
583:
575:
571:
550:
542:
333:
Marquess Michitsune Koga (1842–1925), a member of the Imperial Family, descending from
193:
141:
482:
460:
438:
412:
390:
3898:
3873:
3482:
2677:
2576:
2379:
2297:
2287:
2115:
2080:
1840:
1835:
1342:
1334:
1163:
1128:
1035:
989:
912:
873:
799:
763:
726:
530:
150:
129:
106:
33:
20:
2173:
2050:
1923:
1260:
1147:
978:, only the actual holder of a title and his consort were considered members of the
813:
567:
534:
90:
3868:
2747:
2364:
1436:
1228:
1197:
999:
Prince Konoe reading an imperial rescript as President of the House of Peers, 1936
903:, despite being born the son of an impoverished farmer, he was ennobled as prince.
626:
became counts. Heads of families in the lowest three tiers (those in the ranks of
612:, became marquesses at the same time. Those family heads in the third tier of the
351:. By the end of 1869, a pension system was adopted, which gradually displaced the
329:
73:, which existed between 1869 and 1947. It was formed by merging the feudal lords (
1771:
3850:
3805:
3442:
2820:
2374:
1405:
1220:
963:
895:
889:
877:
853:
750:
730:
579:
122:
116:
3842:
2622:
2531:
2238:
1787:小田部雄次『華族 近代日本貴族の虚像と実像』中央公論新社〈中公新書1836〉、2006年（平成18年）ISBN 978-4121018366, p. 65.
1120:
1099:
families continue to occupy prominent roles in Japanese society and industry.
920:
645:
637:
3824:
3228:
2949:
2924:
2919:
2732:
2603:
2536:
2208:
1861:
915:, was only ennobled as a count and was thus denied a hereditary seat in the
908:
154:
3367:
819:
230:
3239:
1602:
3879:
3752:
3270:
3213:
3163:
3152:
3028:
2461:
2152:
2096:
1567:
1479:
1011:, the Meiji government expanded the hereditary peerage with the award of
453:
405:
260:
were a social class distinct from the other designated social classes of
3796:
3447:
3389:
2203:
1183:
263:
214:
to head all seven of the newly established administrative departments.
66:
37:
1909:
306:
peerage to serve as a political and social bulwark for the "restored"
3121:
2881:
1188:
1008:
379:
75:
1299:). Those who followed rather unusual career paths included Marquess
1057:
856:) clan was given the rank of marquess. The heads of the main Asano (
650:) typically became viscounts, but could also be ennobled as counts.
1901:
3860:
2248:
1928:
1207:
1157:
994:
949:
792:
or more become counts, and those with holdings rated below 50,000
749:
475:
427:
348:
328:
166:
27:
3832:
3360:
1871:
Above the Clouds: Status Culture of the Modern Japanese Nobility
1728:
Above the Clouds: Status Culture of the Modern Japanese Nobility
806:, became a prince, the heads of primary Tokugawa branch houses (
781:
754:
The interior of Peers' Club, Tokyo (1912). Unlike Western-style
554:
431:
383:
172:
97:, lit. "the newly ennobled"). The system was abolished with the
81:
3125:
1932:
375:
were reorganized and the old feudal titles were replaced with:
1657:"THE LAST RETREAT OF JAPAN'S NOBILITY - The Washington Post"
713:-ranked family, was ennobled as a marquess. The head of the
1235:(called Tokyo Imperial University 1897-1947) (e.g., Prince
1182:
families, long having been seen as a spent force since the
186:, regained some of its lost status. Several members of the
157:, and was President of the House of Peers from 1903-1933.
101:, which prohibited any form of aristocracy under it, but
1873:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
1601:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Dec 21, 2016. Archived from
310:
and the Japanese imperial institution. At the time, the
1329:
daughters who married into the Imperial family include
1565:
1118:
1094:
1088:
1071:
1055:
1045:
1039:
1018:
1012:
979:
839:
828:
817:
807:
793:
787:
779:
773:
767:
708:
702:
696:
676:
666:
660:
654:
643:
635:
627:
619:
613:
607:
599:
558:
511:
505:
499:
370:
352:
342:
317:
311:
301:
255:
249:
222:
209:
187:
737:
as an incorporated and therefore subordinate kingship
835:
house was raised to the same rank, prince, in 1929.
221:, as part of their Westernizing reforms, merged the
3859:
3841:
3823:
3804:
3795:
3676:
3638:
3547:
3508:
3501:
3427:
3401:
3339:
3318:
3311:
3291:
3254:
3247:
3171:
3043:
3016:
2958:
2912:
2869:
2862:
2746:
2676:
2601:
2594:
2545:
2485:
2411:
2404:
2351:
2269:
2262:
2161:
2108:
2073:
1966:
778:lords depended on rice revenue: those with 150,000
653:Other appointments to the two highest ranks in the
553:) all became princes, the equivalent of a European
1839:
1259:). Some opted to be educated overseas, such as at
1227:Almost all kazoku heirs raised in Japan attended
907:Notably, the head of the main family line of the
3106:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
923:. In 1891, the head of the Date-Uwajima family (
200:, played a crucial role in the overthrow of the
3076:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation
1798:卒業論文題目からみた近代歴史学の歩み: 東京帝国大学国史学科 1905-1944 の事例報告.
1126:
1103:
827:was created a prince, and the head of the Mito
522:
488:
466:
444:
418:
396:
278:
261:
228:
170:
49:
2065:
1135:
1110:
740:
480:
458:
436:
410:
388:
285:
270:
237:
179:
58:
3137:
1944:
1815:松竹蒲田撮影所における女性の映画製作への参画――女優兼脚本家, 松井千枝子の活動を通して.
1463:Itsuko, Princess of Nashimoto (née Nabeshima)
786:or more became marquesses, those with 50,000
725:), was given the title of marquess. When the
322:(285 families) consisted of a group of total
248:class on 25 July 1869, to recognize that the
8:
1641:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1196:(奈良華族), consisting of 26 monk families from
1027:, but with titles deriving from the ancient
962:including Japan's prime minister before the
2428:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
3801:
3505:
3315:
3251:
3144:
3130:
3122:
2866:
2598:
2408:
2266:
1951:
1937:
1929:
292:. They lost their territorial privileges.
2826:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2441:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
911:, which had formerly ruled the extensive
498:There were several categories within the
2214:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement
1519:, one of the only living members of the
1317:usually married within their class. The
1125:building. After 1947 it was renamed the
1023:into five ranks explicitly based on the
894:
140:
1846:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1581:
1355:
165:of 1868, the ancient court nobility of
3024:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
1742:"The Last Retreat of Japan's Nobility"
1634:
296:, one of the principal authors of the
1303:, who became a communist and fled to
85:) into one system modelled after the
16:1869–1947 Japanese system of nobility
7:
2433:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
2189:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
892:) clans became marquesses in 1884.
758:, membership was also open to women.
659:—prince and marquess—from among the
504:. The initial rank distribution for
3096:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
2343:East Asia Development Board (Kōain)
1760:– via www.washingtonpost.com.
566:The heads of eight other families (
32:The House of Peers in session with
798:became viscounts. The head of the
14:
1543:(later Prime Minister), Viscount
772:rank distribution for the former
717:, the former royal family of the
665:were also made to reward certain
3238:
2796:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
2064:
1689:The emergence of the Meiji state
1532:
1509:
1490:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1428:
1413:
1393:
1373:
1358:
1291:), and scholars (e.g., Marquess
1050:houses whether related or not.
671:families for their roles in the
557:, upon the establishment of the
63:, "Magnificent/Exalted lineage")
19:For the 1970 Japanese film, see
3940:Politics of the Empire of Japan
3915:1947 disestablishments in Japan
2811:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
1890:The Journal of Japanese Studies
1687:Peter Francis Kornicki (1998).
382:, the equivalent of a European
3066:Japanese settlers in Manchuria
2184:Imperial Rescript on Education
1869:Lebra, Sugiyama Takie (1993).
1772:幕末・維新の青年群像 (第 3 回) 奈良華族の苦しい立場.
1715:Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan
844:clans, the heads of the Mōri (
119:) should not be confused with
1:
2517:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha)
2423:Imperial General Headquarters
2014:Foreign commerce and shipping
1740:Jordan, Mary (May 21, 1997).
1420:Former Kyoto House of Prince
1400:Former residence of Marquess
899:Japan's first Prime Minister
3910:1884 establishments in Japan
2844:Hirohito surrender broadcast
2244:Greater East Asia Conference
1665:. 2019-05-09. Archived from
1599:"Kazoku - Japanese nobility"
2229:Supreme Court of Judicature
1566:
1553:Washington Naval Conference
1127:
1119:
1104:
1095:
1089:
1072:
1056:
1046:
1040:
1019:
1013:
980:
840:
829:
818:
808:
794:
788:
780:
774:
768:
709:
703:
701:nobility, with the rank of
697:
677:
667:
661:
655:
644:
636:
628:
620:
614:
608:
600:
559:
523:
512:
506:
500:
489:
467:
445:
419:
397:
371:
353:
343:
318:
312:
302:
279:
262:
256:
250:
229:
223:
210:
188:
171:
153:after the overthrow of the
50:
3956:
3930:Japanese words and phrases
2935:Second Philippine Republic
2713:Manchuria–Mongolia problem
1842:The Making of Modern Japan
1703:The Making of Modern Japan
1501:with a tiger he hunted in
1380:Country house of Viscount
1347:Setsuko, Princess Chichibu
1331:Kikuko, Princess Takamatsu
1283:, diplomats (e.g., Prince
316:(142 families) and former
18:
3920:Japanese historical terms
3236:
3160:
2816:Japan during World War II
2776:Pacification of Manchukuo
2668:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
2663:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
2532:Control Faction (Tōseiha)
2254:Imperial Japanese Airways
2062:
1136:
1111:
741:
729:was annexed in 1910, the
606:, the second rank in the
481:
459:
437:
411:
389:
286:
271:
238:
180:
59:
2791:Second Sino-Japanese War
2738:Racial Equality Proposal
2318:Agriculture and Commerce
1365:Tokyo house of Marquess
3162:(*) : state where
2708:Washington Naval Treaty
2653:Anglo–Japanese Alliance
2638:First Sino-Japanese War
2457:Nuclear weapons program
2199:Great Japan Youth Party
2126:National seals of Japan
1517:Yuriko, Princess Mikasa
1339:Yuriko, Princess Mikasa
1076:reached a peak of 1016
598:) all with the rank of
430:, the equivalent of an
2756:Shōwa financial crisis
2548:Imperial Japanese Navy
2488:Imperial Japanese Army
2219:Peace Preservation Law
1618:"新華族(シンカゾク)とは？ 意味や使い方"
1616:日本国語大辞典, デジタル大辞泉,精選版.
1439:Girls' School) in 1889
1435:Kazoku Girls' School (
1319:Imperial Household Law
1224:
1171:
1142:and is located in the
1000:
971:
946:Succession and numbers
904:
759:
338:
158:
45:
2698:Siberian Intervention
2507:Railways and Shipping
2323:Commerce and Industry
2019:Industrial production
1211:
1161:
1144:Kasumigaseki Building
1085:Constitution of Japan
998:
953:
898:
753:
618:and with the rank of
332:
144:
31:
3111:Political dissidence
2960:Occupied territories
2703:General Election Law
2527:Taiwan Army of Japan
1821:108 (2022): 144-163.
1778:60.春季 (2013): 52-57.
1269:Cambridge University
838:Of the other former
149:, first head of the
79:) and court nobles (
3224:South Africa (Zulu)
2930:Wang Jingwei regime
2840:Potsdam Declaration
2831:Soviet–Japanese War
2786:Anti-Comintern Pact
2781:January 28 incident
2766:London Naval Treaty
2643:Triple Intervention
2472:Supreme War Council
2356:deliberative bodies
1796:サトウユウキ, and 佐藤雄基. "
1662:The Washington Post
1605:on August 31, 2019.
1499:Yoshichika Tokugawa
1293:Yoshichika Tokugawa
1233:University of Tokyo
1219:at the entrance of
1162:Guest house of the
970:(1st row, far left)
341:All members of the
300:, intended the new
65:was the hereditary
40:woodblock print by
2658:Russo-Japanese War
2628:Two Lords Incident
2283:Imperial Household
1253:Naganari Ogasawara
1225:
1217:Princess Takamatsu
1172:
1001:
972:
936:three great nobles
905:
825:Tokugawa Yoshinobu
760:
518:five regent houses
339:
298:Meiji constitution
202:Tokugawa shogunate
159:
46:
36:giving a speech. (
3935:Meiji Restoration
3925:Japanese nobility
3892:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3791:
3790:
3705:Baltic countries
3497:
3496:
3307:
3306:
3119:
3118:
3091:Socialist thought
3039:
3038:
2978:Dutch East Indies
2940:Empire of Vietnam
2858:
2857:
2633:Satsuma Rebellion
2613:Meiji Restoration
2590:
2589:
2400:
2399:
2338:Greater East Asia
2224:Political parties
2179:Foreign relations
1880:978-0-520-07602-0
1853:978-0-674-00334-7
1836:Jansen, Marius B.
1804:20 (2021): 49-30.
1523:who were born as
1476:Tsuneo Matsudaira
1367:Naohiro Nabeshima
1289:Naohiro Nabeshima
1273:Masauji Hachisuka
756:gentlemen's clubs
673:Meiji Restoration
275:, former samurai)
244:into an expanded
198:Nakayama Tadayasu
163:Meiji Restoration
99:1947 constitution
3947:
3851:Marshall Islands
3802:
3677:Central, Eastern
3506:
3316:
3252:
3242:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3123:
3081:Shinmin no Michi
3071:Internment camps
2983:French Indochina
2867:
2718:Taishō Democracy
2599:
2522:Japanese holdout
2409:
2333:Colonial Affairs
2267:
2194:Yokusan Sonendan
2100:
2092:
2084:
2068:
2067:
1994:Economic history
1953:
1946:
1939:
1930:
1913:
1884:
1865:
1845:
1822:
1811:
1805:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1748:. Archived from
1737:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1595:
1571:
1541:Kijuro Shidehara
1536:
1527:as of April 2024
1513:
1494:
1480:Emperor Hirohito
1472:
1460:
1448:
1432:
1422:Aritomo Yamagata
1417:
1397:
1377:
1362:
1297:Tomohide Iwakura
1271:(e.g., Marquess
1251:(e.g., Viscount
1141:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1092:
1075:
1061:
1049:
1043:
1029:Chinese nobility
1022:
1016:
983:
932:Yamagata Aritomo
882:Tokushima Domain
858:Hiroshima Domain
843:
834:
823:
811:
797:
791:
785:
777:
771:
746:
744:
743:
712:
706:
700:
691:
680:
670:
664:
658:
649:
641:
633:
625:
617:
611:
605:
562:
531:Fujiwara dynasty
528:
526:
515:
509:
503:
494:
492:
486:
485:
472:
470:
464:
463:
450:
448:
442:
441:
424:
422:
416:
415:
402:
400:
394:
393:
374:
359:government bonds
356:
346:
335:Emperor Murakami
321:
315:
305:
291:
289:
288:
282:
276:
274:
273:
267:
259:
253:
243:
241:
240:
234:
227:with the former
226:
213:
206:Meiji government
204:, and the early
191:
185:
183:
182:
176:
91:Second World War
64:
62:
61:
55:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3884:
3855:
3837:
3819:
3787:
3678:
3672:
3634:
3576:The Netherlands
3543:
3493:
3423:
3397:
3335:
3303:
3287:
3243:
3234:
3167:
3156:
3150:
3120:
3115:
3101:Yasukuni Shrine
3035:
3012:
2954:
2908:
2854:
2806:Tripartite Pact
2801:Rape of Nanking
2742:
2728:Tapani incident
2672:
2648:Boxer Rebellion
2606:
2586:
2550:
2541:
2490:
2481:
2416:
2396:
2390:Representatives
2358:
2355:
2354:Legislative and
2347:
2313:Foreign Affairs
2276:
2273:
2258:
2157:
2136:Government Seal
2121:Rising Sun Flag
2104:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2069:
2060:
1962:
1960:Empire of Japan
1957:
1920:
1887:
1881:
1868:
1854:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1812:
1808:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1746:Washington Post
1739:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1721:
1712:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1672:
1670:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1597:
1596:
1583:
1578:
1562:
1555:
1549:Iesato Tokugawa
1545:Tomosaburo Kato
1537:
1528:
1521:Imperial family
1514:
1505:
1495:
1486:
1473:
1464:
1461:
1452:
1449:
1440:
1433:
1424:
1418:
1409:
1402:Toshinari Maeda
1398:
1389:
1378:
1369:
1363:
1309:Meiho Ogasawara
1285:Iemasa Tokugawa
1277:Koayata Iwasaki
1265:Iesato Tokugawa
1257:Toshinari Maeda
1237:Iemasa Tokugawa
1156:
1133:
1108:
1064:imperial family
1025:British peerage
1007:after visiting
976:British peerage
954:Group photo of
948:
886:Kumamoto Domain
866:Tottori Domains
848:) and Shimazu (
804:Tokugawa Iesato
738:
685:
520:
478:
456:
434:
408:
386:
367:
283:
268:
242:, feudal lords)
235:
219:Meiji oligarchs
177:
147:Tokugawa Iesato
139:
87:British peerage
71:Empire of Japan
56:
42:Yōshū Chikanobu
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3953:
3951:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3897:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3869:Samoan Islands
3865:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3810:
3808:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3628:United Kingdom
3625:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3587:United Kingdom
3584:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3558:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3512:
3510:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3386:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3364:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3276:post-Columbian
3273:
3265:
3258:
3256:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3126:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2945:State of Burma
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2873:
2871:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2771:Musha Incident
2768:
2763:
2761:Jinan incident
2758:
2752:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2618:Beipu uprising
2615:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2582:Treaty Faction
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2512:Imperial Guard
2509:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2272:Administration
2270:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2086:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1918:External links
1916:
1915:
1914:
1902:10.2307/132906
1885:
1879:
1866:
1852:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1806:
1789:
1780:
1763:
1752:on May 9, 2019
1732:
1719:
1706:
1694:
1679:
1648:
1608:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1474:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1382:Mototoshi Mori
1379:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1357:
1301:Hijikata Yoshi
1281:House of Peers
1263:(e.g., Prince
1249:army academies
1241:Yoriyasu Arima
1192:families. The
1155:
1152:
1087:abolished the
986:House of Peers
968:Fumimaro Konoe
947:
944:
940:Saigō Takamori
925:Uwajima Domain
917:House of Peers
880:), Hachisuka (
876:), Nabeshima (
870:Fukuoka Domain
850:Satsuma Domain
809:shinpan daimyō
766:, the initial
762:Excluding the
719:Ryūkyū Kingdom
496:
495:
473:
451:
425:
403:
366:
363:
194:Iwakura Tomomi
161:Following the
138:
135:
93:in 1945 (新華族,
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3952:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3675:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3603:Great Britain
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3417:Indo-European
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:pre-Columbian
3269:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3056:Fukoku kyōhei
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:Puppet states
2911:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
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2370:Privy Council
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2288:Home Ministry
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2131:Imperial Seal
2129:
2128:
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2119:
2117:
2116:Flag of Japan
2114:
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2015:
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1669:on 2019-05-09
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1199:
1195:
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1190:
1185:
1184:samurai class
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1131:
1130:
1129:Kasumi Kaikan
1123:
1122:
1106:
1105:Kazoku Kaikan
1100:
1097:
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1086:
1081:
1079:
1074:
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1060:
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1051:
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1036:primogeniture
1032:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1006:
997:
993:
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990:Diet of Japan
987:
982:
977:
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957:
952:
945:
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937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:Sendai Domain
910:
902:
897:
893:
891:
888:) and Maeda (
887:
884:), Hosokawa (
883:
879:
875:
874:Kubota Domain
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
846:Chōshū Domain
842:
836:
833:
832:
826:
822:
821:
815:
810:
805:
801:
800:Tokugawa clan
796:
790:
784:
783:
776:
770:
765:
757:
752:
748:
736:
732:
728:
727:Korean Empire
724:
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212:
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199:
195:
190:
175:
174:
168:
164:
156:
152:
151:Tokugawa clan
148:
143:
136:
134:
132:
131:
126:
124:
118:
114:
110:
108:
107:nouveau riche
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:
78:
77:
72:
68:
54:
53:
43:
39:
35:
34:Emperor Meiji
30:
26:
22:
21:Kazoku (film)
3710:Ritterschaft
3708:
3679:and Caucasus
3388:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3166:still exists
3044:Other topics
2880:
2723:Taishō Roman
2477:Conscription
2447:
2439:
2414:Armed Forces
2274:(ministries)
2174:Charter Oath
2169:Constitution
2055:
2051:State Shinto
2034:Essentialism
1984:Demographics
1896:(1): 25–57.
1893:
1889:
1870:
1841:
1818:
1809:
1802:立教大学日本学研究所年報
1801:
1792:
1783:
1775:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1750:the original
1745:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1697:
1688:
1682:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:the original
1660:
1651:
1626:. Retrieved
1621:
1611:
1603:the original
1524:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1261:Eton College
1226:
1201:
1193:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1148:Kasumigaseki
1101:
1082:
1068:
1052:
1033:
1005:Itō Hirobumi
1002:
973:
959:
955:
929:
906:
901:Itō Hirobumi
837:
814:Fukui Domain
761:
694:
652:
565:
497:
369:In 1884 the
368:
340:
324:427 families
294:Itō Hirobumi
290:, commoners)
246:aristocratic
216:
160:
128:
120:
112:
111:
102:
94:
80:
74:
51:
47:
25:
3806:Australasia
3582:Switzerland
3478:Philippines
3434:Indonesia*
3086:Shōwa Modan
3061:Hakkō ichiu
2998:Philippines
2885:after 1943)
2863:Territories
2821:Pacific War
2686:World War I
2562:Air Service
2502:Air Service
2375:Gozen Kaigi
2091:(Yoshihito)
2083:(Mutsuhito)
2029:Nationalism
1974:Agriculture
1547:and Prince
1406:Komaba Park
1386:Mori Museum
1287:, Marquess
1255:, Marquess
1221:Hotel Adlon
1194:Nara kazoku
1168:Mita, Tokyo
964:Pacific War
890:Kaga Domain
878:Saga Domain
872:), Satake (
868:), Kuroda (
854:Tosa Domain
731:House of Yi
686: [
539:Takatsukasa
365:Development
254:and former
95:shin kazoku
3899:Categories
3843:Micronesia
3748:Montenegro
3696:Azerbaijan
3214:Madagascar
2850:Occupation
2678:Taishō era
2623:Boshin War
2467:War crimes
2263:Government
2239:Tonarigumi
2146:Privy Seal
2141:State Seal
2099:(Hirohito)
2024:Militarism
1979:Censorship
1829:References
1673:2024-04-27
1628:2024-04-27
1351:Matsudaira
1325:families.
1243:) and the
1121:Rokumeikan
974:As in the
921:Boshin War
860:), Ikeda (
735:mediatized
715:Shō family
592:Ōinomikado
563:in 1884.
510:houses of
208:nominated
192:, such as
3861:Polynesia
3825:Melanesia
3814:Australia
3776:Ruthenian
3716:Lithuania
3428:Southeast
3155:by nation
3051:Sonnō jōi
3003:Singapore
2988:Hong Kong
2950:Azad Hind
2925:Mengjiang
2920:Manchukuo
2894:Kantō-shū
2836:Surrender
2748:Shōwa era
2733:Truku War
2604:Meiji era
2572:Tokkeitai
2537:Kempeitai
2448:Senjinkun
2365:Daijō-kan
2328:Munitions
2209:Mokusatsu
1999:Education
1497:Marquess
1437:Gakushuin
1295:, Prince
1229:Gakushuin
1174:Although
1083:The 1947
1080:in 1944.
1062:) of the
942:in 1902.
909:Date clan
764:Tokugawas
596:Kasannoin
588:Tokudaiji
446:Hakushaku
155:shogunate
121:"kazoku (
3772:Ukraine
3662:Portugal
3646:Holy See
3607:Ireland
3598:Scotland
3483:Thailand
3472:Cambodia
3460:Malaysia
3448:Javanese
3438:Balinese
3384:Nobility
3352:Mongolia
3248:Americas
3197:Ethiopia
3191:Eswatini
3164:monarchy
3153:Nobility
3029:Yen bloc
3017:Ideology
3008:Thailand
2877:Karafuto
2870:Colonies
2462:Kamikaze
2405:Military
2308:Treasury
2162:Policies
2153:Kimigayo
2074:Emperors
2041:Politics
2009:Eugenics
1967:Overview
1862:44090600
1838:(2000).
1756:June 29,
1701:Jansen,
1637:cite web
1568:Monbatsu
1560:See also
1335:Tokugawa
1275:, Baron
1239:, Count
1198:Kofukuji
1166:Barony (
1078:families
681:-ranked
572:Hirohata
524:go-sekke
490:Danshaku
468:Shishaku
454:Viscount
406:Marquess
133:above).
3880:Hawai‘i
3797:Oceania
3781:Galicia
3758:Romania
3743:Hungary
3738:Germany
3733:Georgia
3728:Bohemia
3723:Croatia
3701:Austria
3691:Armenia
3686:Albania
3616:Ireland
3593:England
3564:Kingdom
3560:France
3555:Belgium
3527:Iceland
3522:Finland
3516:Denmark
3489:Vietnam
3443:Chinese
3412:Princes
3390:Yangban
3356:Japan*
3326:Lebanon
3267:Mexico
3229:Morocco
3219:Somalia
3202:Nigeria
3184:Mamluks
2595:History
2567:Marines
2204:Kokutai
2109:Symbols
2089:Taishō
2046:Statism
1989:Economy
1813:入倉友紀. "
1770:刑部芳則. "
1726:Lebra,
1484:Musashi
1345:), and
1223:in 1930
988:in the
958:members
862:Okayama
831:shinpan
723:Okinawa
584:Saionji
576:Kikutei
529:of the
420:Kōshaku
398:Kōshaku
308:emperor
264:shizoku
145:Prince
137:Origins
69:of the
67:peerage
44:, 1890)
38:Ukiyo-e
3905:Kazoku
3768:Serbia
3763:Russia
3753:Poland
3621:Norman
3611:Gaelic
3569:Empire
3538:Sweden
3532:Norway
3502:Europe
3466:Brunei
3408:India
3380:Korea
3368:Daimyō
3331:Turkey
3299:Brazil
3262:Canada
3207:Rulers
3172:Africa
2993:Malaya
2968:Borneo
2904:Taiwan
2899:Nan'yō
2889:Chōsen
2882:naichi
2097:Shōwa
2081:Meiji
2056:Kazoku
2004:System
1910:132906
1908:
1877:
1860:
1850:
1539:Baron
1525:kazoku
1503:Malaya
1343:Takagi
1327:Kazoku
1323:kazoku
1315:Kazoku
1307:, and
1267:) and
1213:Prince
1202:kazoku
1189:daimyo
1176:kazoku
1164:Mitsui
1096:kazoku
1090:kazoku
1073:kazoku
1047:kazoku
1041:kazoku
1020:kazoku
1014:kazoku
1009:Europe
981:kazoku
956:Kazoku
841:daimyō
820:shōgun
775:daimyō
769:kazoku
656:kazoku
622:daijin
560:kazoku
547:Ichijō
507:kazoku
501:kazoku
380:Prince
372:kazoku
354:kazoku
344:kazoku
319:daimyō
303:kazoku
280:heimin
257:daimyō
231:daimyō
169:, the
130:Kazoku
113:Kazoku
103:kazoku
76:daimyō
52:Kazoku
3874:Tonga
3667:Spain
3657:Malta
3652:Italy
3639:South
3509:North
3453:Malay
3402:South
3374:Meiji
3347:China
3292:South
3255:North
3179:Egypt
2973:Burma
2691:Entry
2385:Peers
2249:Senbu
2234:Tokkō
1906:JSTOR
1776:青少年問題
1622:コトバンク
1576:Notes
1404:(now
1384:(now
1349:(née
1341:(née
1333:(née
1245:naval
690:]
683:Sanjo
678:seiga
602:seiga
568:Daigo
535:Konoe
476:Baron
428:Count
349:Tokyo
167:Kyoto
3833:Fiji
3548:West
3361:Kuge
3340:East
3319:West
3312:Asia
3283:Cuba
2303:Navy
2298:Army
1875:ISBN
1858:OCLC
1848:ISBN
1758:2020
1643:link
1478:and
1247:and
1215:and
1180:Kuge
1154:Life
1112:華族会館
1102:The
864:and
795:koku
789:koku
782:koku
733:was
710:urin
704:urin
698:kuge
668:kuge
662:kuge
642:and
630:urin
615:kuge
609:kuge
594:and
580:Koga
555:duke
551:Nijō
549:and
543:Kujō
513:kuge
432:Earl
384:Duke
313:kuge
277:and
251:kuge
224:kuge
217:The
211:kuge
196:and
189:kuge
173:kuge
82:kuge
48:The
2293:War
1898:doi
1819:映像学
1551:at
1482:on
1337:),
1146:in
1137:霞会館
646:han
638:mei
3901::
3589:*
2842:,
1904:.
1894:17
1892:.
1856:.
1817:"
1800:"
1774:"
1744:.
1659:.
1639:}}
1635:{{
1620:.
1584:^
1353:).
1150:.
1031:.
966:,
802:,
747:.
688:ja
634:,
590:,
586:,
582:,
578:,
574:,
570:,
545:,
541:,
537:,
487:,
483:男爵
465:,
461:子爵
443:,
439:伯爵
417:,
413:侯爵
395:,
391:公爵
361:.
326:.
287:平民
272:士族
239:大名
181:公家
125:)"
123:家族
117:華族
109:.
60:華族
3876:*
3816:*
3669:*
3648:*
3578:*
3557:*
3540:*
3534:*
3518:*
3485:*
3474:*
3468:*
3462:*
3264:*
3231:*
3193:*
3145:e
3138:t
3131:v
2879:(
2846:)
2838:(
1952:e
1945:t
1938:v
1912:.
1900::
1883:.
1864:.
1730:.
1691:.
1676:.
1645:)
1631:.
1408:)
1388:)
1170:)
1140:)
1134:(
1115:)
1109:(
1058:ō
1054:(
960:,
745:)
742:王
739:(
721:(
533:(
527:)
521:(
493:)
479:(
471:)
457:(
449:)
435:(
423:)
409:(
401:)
387:(
337:.
284:(
269:(
236:(
184:)
178:(
115:(
57:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
