201:. The foreword of the English edition noted that it "is one of the most shocking documents of its time", describing the murder of tens of thousands. She also speculated that "historians were denied access to the diary for many years, possibly because it provides evidence of the atrocities committed by the Lithuanians", and noted that some early transcriptions of the diary fragments published in Lithuania were imprecisely translated "apparently in order to diminish the role played by Lithuanian nationalists in the extermination of the Jews.". Waldemar Franciszek Wilczewski likewise suggested that the fact that the last part of Sakowicz diary is missing might be the result of its destruction by Lithuanian perpetrators and collaborators, whose names and identities by that time Sakowicz was aware of, and might have recorded in that part of his diary. According to
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This work is reconstructed from his writings buried in empty lemonade bottles in his garden. Some of his writings were illegible. Others are considered lost as
Sakowicz’s record ends on November 6, 1943, but according to his family, he kept recording and writing his observation right up to the day of
205:, because of her work on the Sakowicz's diary, Margolis has been persecuted in Lithuania, where she has been "loathed by much of the nationalist academic establishment" and her work has "infuriat many elites in view of the revealed degree of participation in the genocide by local Lithuanian forces".
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from July 11, 1941, to
October 25, 1943, in his journal, which he buried in his garden. He observed the massacres from his attic window, approximately 100 meters from the execution site. In addition to observing the events, he interviewed other witnesses and even some of the Lithuanian perpetrators,
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writing in the preface of the
English edition, which he helped edit, noted that "Sakowicz’s diary is unique. No similar documentation has survived from any of the other mass murder sites at which Jews were shot That Sakowicz’s diary offers “objective” testimony from a bystander rather than from a
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his death in early July, 1944. After the war, the bottles with his writings were dug up by his neighbors, who passed them on to a short-lived Jewish museum in postwar
Vilnius; later, the documents made their way to other museums as well as the
100:). Due to economic troubles during the German occupation, Sakowicz had to close his print shop and became a worker in a business dealing with animal skin and fur. He also had to move to a cheaper apartment in the outlying
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who discovered his interest in the massacre. He was found in the evening by his neighbors in a ditch, near his bicycle, and brought to St. Jacob
Hospital in Wilno where he died ten days later. His grave is located in the
151:). It was published in Poland in 1999 and translated into several languages: Hebrew in 2000; German in 2003; English in 2005; Lithuanian in 2012; Italian in 2018; and French in 2021.
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in 2003. He noted that "Contrary to all customs, the earlier Polish edition is not mentioned anywhere , which can certainly be seen as a significant gesture in the shaping of
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77:. He also got married; his wife name was Maria. Later he became a newspaper publisher, operating a printing press in Wilno. He was an owner, editor and journalist of
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victim, devoid of any emotional agenda that might call its credibility into question, places it among the most important of the
Holocaust testimonies.".
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124:), he was shot and seriously wounded. The exact circumstances of his shooting are not known, it is generally assumed that he was attacked by
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Blurb of Ponary Diary, 1941-1943: A Bystander's
Account of a Mass Murder By Kazimierz Sakowicz, Yitzhak Arad. Yale University Press, 2005
178:, who was living in Poland under the Polish name Wiktor Gilwanowski. In early 1990s, fragments of the diary were delivered to the Polish
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73:. After his studies he returned to Wilno, where he begun his journalistic career; Poland regained independence around that time in the
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582:[The diary that was hidden in the Lithuanian archive and reveals the cooperation of the locals and the Nazis in Ponary].
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Poland's
Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947
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45:(in Polish in 1999 and in English in 2005), and became one of the best known testaments to that atrocity of the
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in
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490:"Szczegółowy opis | Prosto do informacji - katalog zbiorów polskich bibliotek naukowych"
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whom he identified as associated with the
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436:"Błędów i potknięć nieprzebrane mnóstwo w przewodniku „Wilno" P. Włodka"
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Dziennik pisany w Ponarach od 11 lipca 1941 r. do 6 listopada 1943 r.
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542:"The Extraordinary Recent History of Holocaust Studies in Lithuania"
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Gravestone of Sakowicz and others, with names rendered in Lithuanian
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Ponary Diary, 1941-1943: A Bystander's Account of a Mass Murder
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Ponary Diary, 1941-1943: A Bystander's Account of a Mass Murder
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Ponary Diary, 1941-1943: A Bystander's Account of a Mass Murder
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Margolis, Rachel (2005). "Foreword". In Arad, Yitzhak (ed.).
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The documents were eventually recovered and reconstructed by
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during the trial of one of the perpetrators of the massacre,
166:. Several short fragments of the diary were published in the
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His diary was published several decades after his death as
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On 5 July 1944, during the increasing unrest in the area (
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Yitzhak, Arad (2005). "Preface". In Arad, Yitzhak (ed.).
465:"Jak porucznik z Olsztyna schwytał zbrodniarza wojennego"
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65:(Wilno, later Vilnius) in 1894, then in the
81:(Economic Review) journal. He was also an
283:. Yale University Press. pp. vii–xi.
92:During the war he became a member of the
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695:Polish resistance members of World War II
414:Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
221:Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
514:""Sakowicz, Kazimierz" - Search Results"
379:Wilczewski, Waldemar Franciszek (2009).
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199:Jewish State Museum of Lithuania
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381:"Dziennik Kazimierza Sakowicza"
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558:10.1080/23256249.2017.1395530
463:Książek, Marek (2022-08-21).
69:of Poland. He studied law in
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317:. McFarland. p. 171.
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141:He is best known for his
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51:Lithuanian collaborators
586:(in Hebrew). 2019-05-02
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494:katalog.nukat.edu.pl
238:Yitskhok Rudashevski
79:Przegląd Gospodarczy
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34:in German-occupied
665:Holocaust diarists
28:Kazimierz Sakowicz
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617:978-0-300-10853-8
324:978-0-7864-0371-4
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471:(in Polish)
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160: [
87:Polish army
649:Categories
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523:2024-09-25
499:2024-09-25
475:2024-09-25
446:2024-09-25
358:2024-09-25
245:References
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