809:– removing reference to the Queen from citizenship and ministerial oaths and affirmations. In a 1993 election policy launch, Keating argued that Australia would be "better able to succeed in the world" with an Australian head of state and announced a committee of "eminent persons" to develop a discussion paper for transition to a republic to coincide with the 2001 centenary of Federation. Following the 1993 election, Keating announced that his vision for a republic had been endorsed and that he would move ahead with plans for referendum. In April 1993, the establishment of a Republic Advisory Committee was announced. Keating advocated a model involving parliamentary appointment of a president – this was criticised by members of the ALP left and by the new leader of the
644:
families) to ensure that they provided effective assistance to those in need. These benchmarks were set at percentages of the pension rate, and were therefore linked indirectly to
Average Weekly Earnings. From a value of 11.9% of the combined married pension rate, the value of the Family Allowance Supplement was set to increase to 15% for children under 13 years old and to 20% for children aged between the ages of 13 and 15. These benchmarks were increased by the Keating government in 1992 and again in 1995 to reach 16.6% and 21.6%, respectively.
516:
privatisation of assets and reductions in tariffs. He formed a powerful partnership with Hawke to deliver numerous reforms; subsequently, Hawke initially agreed to stand down after the 1990 election in
Keating's favour, but later reneged on this proposal, causing tension between the two. On 3 June 1991, Keating challenged Hawke for the leadership, lost the ballot and went to the backbench. Six months later he again challenged Hawke, this time winning the leadership of the Labor Party and becoming the 24th Prime Minister of Australia.
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408:
415:
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Liberal. She went on to win the seat and further denounce
Keating's cultural and economic agenda in her controversial maiden speech to Parliament, saying: "We now have a situation where a type of reverse racism is applied to mainstream Australians by those who promote political correctness and those who control the various taxpayer funded 'industries' that flourish in our society servicing Aboriginals, multiculturalists and a host of other minority groups."
636:
Care
Allowance, the latter of which was paid directly to full-time carers of children in the home, a maternity allowance, a Commonwealth Dental Health Program, the Mature Age Allowance (an early retirement scheme for unemployed disadvantaged Australians over the age of sixty), a Parenting Allowance (a payment for parents with children at home and with very little personal income), and an Additional Parenting Allowance to the partners of unemployed workers.
1165:
50:
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queried about these events in
Parliament on 27 February 1992, Keating launched a repudiation of Australian ties to Britain and called the Liberals "'bootlickers" and "lickspitters" and accused them of "cultural cringe to a country which decided not to defend the Malay peninsula, not to worry about Singapore, not to give us our troops back to keep ourselves free from Japanese domination". The Liberal-National Opposition, led by Dr
1234:
deficit was confirmed. In his 18 February 1996 Policy Launch Speech, Opposition Leader John Howard emphasised that Labor had been in office a long time, and cited high inflation, a poor current account deficit and high national debt as evidence of bad economic management. He called for industrial relations reform and proposed an increased spending on environmental challenges, to be in part funded by the partial sale of
1280:
194:
1266:
709:, and furthering economic and cultural ties with Asia. Keating and his supporters styled his approach to social policy as "Big Picture" politics. Keating embarked on a legislative program which included establishing the Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) and the Creative Nation cultural policy in October 1994 (which significantly increased funding for the arts, established
59:
984:
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the balance of payments was in deficit at $ 15.4 billion and forecast to rise to $ 18 billion. Debt financing for public sector borrowing amounted to $ 20.3 billion in 1992-3 and was also projected to rise. The government had supplemented expenditure through asset sales, such as the sale of
1145:, but promising no GST. To demonstrate strength of intent, Keating promised two rounds of income tax cuts, legislating them and describing them as "L-A-W law". However, the tax cut law was repealed following the election, with the government instead announcing the money would be put into superannuation.
1233:
By the time of the 1996 election, unemployment was at a lower rate than at the previous 1993 election, and interest rates were lower than they had been in 1990, but foreign debt had been growing. The
Keating government was projecting a small budget surplus. Following the election, an $ 8 billion
1082:
Iraqi regime's invasion of neighbouring Kuwait. Following the end of the Cold War, the 1990s was a busy period for United
Nations peacekeeping missions, and the Keating government committed Australian forces to various theatres: at one point during 1993, Australia had some 3000 peacekeepers committed
842:
became
Opposition Leader in May 1994 and developed an alternative policy for examining constitutional reform – proposing a constitutional convention be held sometime after the 1996 election to establish a consensus on the republican question. John Howard, a constitutional monarchist, succeeded Downer
563:
Keating was a combative
Parliamentarian. Author and journalist Peter Hartcher described him as "famed for his flair with an insult". In his earlier career as Treasurer, Keating once said of Opposition Leader John Howard, "From this day onwards Mr Howard will wear his leadership like a crown of thorns
1175:
In July 1993, a budget deficit for 1992-3 was disclosed at $ 14.6 billion. Treasurer
Dawkins outlined a 1993–1994 budget projection for a $ 16.8 billion deficit (3.8% of GDP) but promised to bring down the deficit to 1% of GDP by 1996–7. Unemployment remained at 11%. The current account of
846:
In June 1995, in a televised speech to Parliament entitled "An Australian Republic The Way Forward", Keating outlined a plan for a republic involving a president selected by a two-thirds majority of Parliament, following nomination by the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The reserve powers and ceremonial
515:
Keating had no tertiary qualifications and just previously three weeks experience as a minister. Despite this, Keating oversaw a number of important transitions in the Australian economy, including the floating of the Australian dollar and program of deregulation of the Australian economy: including
1148:
The Labor Party then launched a high-profile media campaign against the Coalition's GST. Keating told voters: "if you don’t understand it, don’t vote for it and if you do understand it, you’d never vote for it". Campaigning against the consumption tax dominated Keating's Election Campaign launch at
751:
visited Australia for the Sydney Council's 150th anniversary and Keating greeted the Queen with a speech in which he spoke of a growing "national purpose" and "independence" in Australia. He was then accused by the British press of breaching protocol by putting his arm around the Queen's back. When
643:
The Keating government also made improvements to the family benefits system, continuing a major policy of the Hawke government. In 1987, the Hawke government established benchmarks for the adequacy of maximum level family payments (i.e. payments to social security recipients and low-income working
635:
A number of adjustments were made to the social wage during Keating's five years in office. These included the introduction of the Earnings Credit Scheme, which enabled pensioners to earn extra income without losing their pension payments, a nonincome-tested Child Care Cash Rebate and a Home Child
1155:
Labor succeeded in winning back the electorate with a strong campaign opposing Fightback and its GST, and a promised focus on creating jobs coming out of the recession. Keating led Labor to an unexpected election victory, with an increased majority, and his "true believers" victory speech became
639:
The system of rental assistance was made more generous, with the maximum rates of Rent Assistance rates increased in real terms between March 1993 and September 1994 by 138.9% for families with three or more children, by 109.2% for families with one or two children, by 90.5% for single recipients
607:
in 1992 as part of a major reform package addressing Australia's retirement income policies. Since its introduction, employers have been required to make compulsory contributions to superannuation on behalf of most of their employees. This contribution was originally set at 3% of the employees'
968:
criticised the Keating government's approach to Indigenous affairs and immigration, saying that Aboriginal people were being given preferential treatment at the expense of others in need. Hanson was disendorsed by the Liberals, but only after ballot paper had been printed with her listed as a
926:
It begins, I think, with the act of recognition. Recognition that it was we who did the dispossessing. We took the traditional lands and smashed the traditional way of life. We brought the disasters. The alcohol. We committed the murders. We took the children from their mothers. We practised
640:
without children, and by 79.5 for couples without children. These increased rates were protected by inflation as the rates had been indexed twice yearly from March 1991 onwards. Students in receipt of the homeless rate of AUSTUDY or ABSTUDY were also made eligible for rental assistance.
779:(RSL), whose membership still consisted of veterans of the First and Second World Wars, and a ban on republicans from entering their clubs was announced for ANZAC Day 1992. The opposition and many observers called Keating's comments insensitive on the basis of such factors as the
794:, called Keating "an Irish republican bigot". On 27 April 1992, Keating visited Kokoda in a conspicuous effort to shift Australia's war remembrance focus away from its role in assisting Britain at Gallipoli and in Europe in the First World War and towards Australia's
564:
and in the Parliament I will do everything I can to crucify him." Other colourful invective he employed in the Parliament to describe political opponents included "brain-damaged", "mangy maggot" and "scumbags". In 1992, Keating refused to allow his Treasurer
931:
In 1994, a group of Ngarrindjeri women claimed that a bridge development was being constructed at a sacred Aboriginal site for "secret women's business". The veracity of these claims was later rejected by other elders and leading to the
756:, called the republican agenda a "distraction" from Australia's economic problems, criticised Keating's attack on Britain's war effort as a fiction and argued that Australia had already long since established independence from Britain.
1091:
commenced in Central Africa, and, following the Somali experience, the international community was this time slow to intervene. The Keating government despatched medical staff to aid in the belated UN Mission to that nation.
619:
created a set of minimum entitlements in the workplace, relating to equal remuneration for work of equal value, unpaid parental leave, termination of employment (including unfair dismissal), and minimum wages. According to
843:
in 1995, but maintained the Coalition's commitment to this proposal. Howard, in contrast to Keating, spoke in favour of the constitutional monarchy, the Australian flag and traditions like the commemoration of ANZAC Day.
1083:
to the field, including a large number in Cambodia and Somalia. Foreign Minister Gareth Evans had taken a leading role in the organisation of a peace settlement for Cambodia in the aftermath of the genocidal regime of
1065:
remained sceptical. Keating dismissed Mahatir as a "recalcitrant", resulting in a diplomatic incident, straining bilateral relations Nevertheless, Keating's broader hopes for APEC were ultimately achieved.
836:, submitted its report to the government on 5 October 1993 and Keating announced a working party of ministers to develop a paper for cabinet. Keating ultimately put forward a his original republican model.
2272:
1707:
1111:, contributed to a large degree of popular disapproval of closer defence ties to Indonesia, nevertheless, Keating announced the conclusion of a security agreement with Jakarta in 1995. Opposition Leader
948:
and forwarded to Tickner with the assessment. On 10 July 1994, Tickner placed a 25-year ban on the bridge construction putting the marina in doubt and bringing the Chapmans close to bankruptcy. The 1995
624:, the industrial changes introduced by Keating government provided trade unions "with more rights to bargain and more protection than was afforded to unions in most other nations". In addition, the
588:
as Treasurer. In 1991 Australia was in the midst of a prolonged economic recession, with eight-quarters of declining economic growth. In response to these economic conditions, Keating announced the
1127:
was unwinnable for Labor; the government had been in power for 10 years, the pace of economic recovery was slow and unemployment was its highest rates since the Great Depression. Opposition Leader
1012:
international environment. In foreign policy, the government developed bilateral links with Australia's neighbours, in particular with Indonesia, and took an active role in the development of the
632:
of 1986 were strengthened in 1992 by a series of amendments, with the SDA provisions extended to federal industrial awards and protections against sexual harassment in the workplace extended.
2113:
1957:
592:
economic program in February 1992. Throughout his first year in office, unemployment continued to rise and with it government expenditure on welfare. In response, the government passed the
1035:
1515:
States, markets, families: gender, liberalism, and social policy in Australia, Great Britain, Canada, and the United States by Julia Sila O'Connor, Ann Shola Orloff, and Sheila Shaver
1087:
and Australia contributed the force commander. While the United Nations intervention in Cambodia was largely successful, the Somali intervention ended poorly. The following year, the
847:
duties of the governor-general were to be maintained. This the government proposed be put to a referendum in 1998 or 1999. Howard went on to win the 1996 election and established the
525:
146:
300:
1245:, increasing its seats, from 16 to 19, giving the coalition a 55-seat majority to the Coalition. On 11 March 1996, John Howard became the 25th Prime Minister of Australia.
1203:
entered parliament and the ministry. However she was unable to contribute as effectively as might have been expected due to controversy over the Royal Commission into the
1135:, a detailed series of economic policies proposals, well in advance of the 1993 Election. Central to the reforms was the inclusion of a Goods and Services Tax. In its 1992
1095:
As part of his broader agenda for shifting Australia away from its old allegiances, Paul Keating was keen to improve defence ties with Indonesia. The ongoing occupation of
2308:
714:
295:
2546:
2026:
775:, the republican cause became widely supported in the nation's newspapers, but Keating's comments about the flag and Britain's war record outraged groups like the
439:
1704:
1172:
A poorly performing economy, republicanism, indigenous title to land, and industrial relations policy were major issues of the Keating government's second term.
1241:
The Coalition won government in a landslide – with the Liberal Party increasing its House of Representatives seats from 49 to 75 and the National Party, led by
944:, to report on the significant Aboriginal sites. As a part of this process some of these cultural secrets were written down and sealed in two envelopes marked
2556:
2541:
2009:
1660:
1789:
1022:, as one of Australia's longest serving Ministers for Foreign Affairs was active in developing the United Nations peace plan for Cambodia, concluding the
1639:
1598:
1553:
2135:
2551:
848:
681:
with bipartisan support in 1992, scrapping a time limit of 273 days. Mandatory detention would become increasingly controversial under the succeeding
1829:
2121:
1152:
Keating's cultural agenda featured less prominently in the campaign, but proposals for furthering a republic remained a backdrop to the election.
757:
1679:
1525:
824:
and outlined his republican program, which involved a referendum for a transition to a republic by 2001, but for Australian to remain within the
2301:
780:
1238:. He also promised to restore the prime minister's attendance at question time in parliament (which Keating had reduced in his final term).
1771:
472:
as Labor leader in an internal party leadership challenge in 1991. Together, these two governments are often collectively described as the
1394:
933:
852:
533:
2416:
2396:
2095:
1813:
851:, which settled on a similar republican model to that proposed by Keating, which was put to the people by the Howard government in the
2281:
1970:
1435:
432:
289:
104:
2373:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2333:
2536:
2294:
2264:
2249:
2227:
2212:
2198:
2173:
1027:
1013:
950:
1210:
Following the 1993 election loss, the Liberal Opposition initially retained John Hewson as leader, but in 1994 elected the younger
555:: the Liberals won 75 seats, and the National Party a further 19 to Labor's 49. Keating then resigned from Parliament on 23 April.
918:
to establish the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Land Fund and Indigenous Land Corporation. Little noticed at the time, the
1855:
1227:
1124:
1057:(established in 1989) as a regional forum for heads of government meetings to further economic co-operation in the Asia Pacific.
678:
544:
529:
509:
477:
399:
394:
157:
2461:
922:
is now recognised by many observers as historic and significant. Addressing remarks to non-indigenous Australia, Keating said:
764:
to counter the republican movement. Republicanism was however to become a key goal of Keating's cultural agenda for Australia.
1570:
833:
648:
496:
for the Australian Labor Party. He went on to briefly serve as minister for Northern Australia during the final days of the
1226:
in 1983. The veteran leader restored the Liberal's electoral fortunes and led the Coalition to defeat Paul Keating at the
954:
425:
1665:
576:'s tenure as Opposition Leader, he once said that being challenged by Hewson was like "being flogged by a wet lettuce".
2531:
1137:
1023:
909:
723:
604:
589:
363:
358:
88:
1180:. Treasurer Dawkins resigned from Parliament in December 1993, citing a desire to spend more time with his family.
552:
1019:
976:
870:
The Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation was established in February 1992 and in 1993 the government passed the
584:
After succeeding from Hawke as Labor leader and prime minister, Keating reshuffled the Cabinet. Dawkins replaced
2006:
1249:
1223:
881:
776:
728:
537:
473:
1991:
1939:
1342:
2139:
1320:
877:
825:
414:
381:
109:
35:
2471:
1833:
1315:
972:
615:
was implemented with the intention of providing work and training for the long-term unemployed, while the
461:
376:
125:
31:
2069:
1474:
1368:
1141:
Policy, The Keating government responded by promising to match the income tax proposals contained within
2317:
1310:
1300:
1005:
957:
ultimately found that the claims had indeed been fabricated, and Tickner became the focus of criticism.
902:
871:
806:
761:
706:
686:
321:
76:
1536:
1305:
1295:
1031:
810:
493:
242:
940:
issued an emergency declaration blocking work on the bridge, and then appointed a lawyer, Professor
2491:
2486:
2481:
1412:
1192:
1132:
1045:
was also seeking closer ties, but the Australia-Indonesia relationship remained complicated by the
889:
799:
702:
407:
327:
135:
1806:
1187:
resigned involuntarily in March 1994. This was at the same time as the involuntary resignation of
2466:
2436:
2431:
2411:
1499:
Australia's Welfare Wars Revisited: The Players, the Politics and the Ideologies by Philip Mendes
748:
500:
in 1975. Keating then served an extended period in the Shadow Ministry through the period of the
497:
252:
600:. Unemployment reached 11.4% at the end of 1992 – the highest level since the Great Depression.
2476:
2456:
2441:
2426:
2406:
2401:
2378:
2338:
2328:
2277:
2260:
2245:
2223:
2208:
2194:
2169:
1592:
1547:
1219:
1184:
1164:
965:
682:
659:
569:
501:
481:
177:
1252:
saw the longest period in office for the Australian Labor Party in its century of existence.
1053:. Keating lobbied various Asian nations and the United States to push for the development of
2446:
2391:
2383:
1271:
1211:
1112:
1088:
1062:
839:
829:
772:
768:
671:
465:
280:
272:
267:
262:
167:
49:
2421:
2368:
2343:
2013:
1711:
1611:
The Australian welfare state: key documents and themes by Jane Thomson and Anthony McMahon
1285:
1200:
941:
821:
740:
710:
1737:
1214:
as leader. Downer failed to make inroads against Keating and in 1995 the party turned to
1061:
was elected in 1993 and became a supporter of the plan, while Malaysia's Prime Minister
1049:
situation, including the violent repression of East Timorese independence supporters in
1079:
961:
937:
864:
1859:
1680:"The wild scenes in an Abbott cabinet meeting that are still lingering a decade later"
1279:
1041:
Keating chose Indonesia as his first international visit as prime minister. President
867:
was the minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs from 1990 to 1996.
536:, with 80 seats to the Liberal Party's 49 and the National Party's 16 seats, with two
2525:
1971:"The Book of Paul – Lessons in Leadership and Paul Keating | George Megalogenis"
1917:
1817:
1620:
Australia: The State of Democracy by Marian Sawer, Norman Abjorensen, and Phil Larkin
1204:
1108:
1050:
919:
814:
1413:"IQ2: The Senate Is Unrepresentative Swill – Politics – Browse – Big Ideas – ABC TV"
863:
Keating gave a high priority to progressing and defining Aboriginal Reconciliation.
504:, culminating in his appointment as Shadow Treasurer in January 1983. Labor, led by
1196:
1058:
992:
988:
900:, it articulated the philosophical backdrop to the Keating government's subsequent
885:
585:
565:
457:
338:
257:
231:
226:
209:
193:
97:
81:
58:
2027:"Cabinet papers 1994-95: How Keating's big agenda paved way for Howard's 1996 win"
1581:
979:
served as Minister for Foreign Affairs for the duration of the Keating government.
17:
1183:
In its second term of office, the Keating government lost four senior ministers:
2511:
2507:
1242:
1215:
1128:
795:
791:
753:
739:
In February 1992, Paul Keating announced that he wanted Australia to change its
690:
655:
573:
548:
114:
1895:
2503:
1995:
1261:
1096:
1046:
983:
897:
744:
727:, and legislated native title rights for Indigenous Australians following the
621:
2136:"Before office – John Howard – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
1188:
1100:
718:
505:
469:
2286:
492:
Keating entered Parliament in 1969, aged just 25, when he won the seat of
1115:
criticised the government for negotiating the security treaty in secret.
1075:
1009:
964:, a Liberal candidate running for the traditionally Labor electorate of
456:
was the federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister
1873:
1715:
1235:
1104:
1084:
1042:
888:
legislation. Six months after the Mabo decision, Keating delivered his
2114:"Australia's Prime Ministers: Landmark Speeches — Exploring Democracy"
512:
and Keating began a long period of service as the nation's Treasurer.
1177:
651:
1156:
famous. "This", remarked Keating, "Is the sweetest victory of all".
1629:
Australia by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
1074:
The Hawke government committed Australian naval forces to the 1991
802:
which saw Australian soldiers halt the advance of Japanese troops.
1163:
982:
971:
1778:. Parliamentary Research Services Background Paper No. 9 1995–96.
1727:
The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia by Don Rubin
995:
in the West Wing of the White House during a state visit in 1993.
2273:
Recollections of a Bleeding Heart: A Portrait of Paul Keating PM
1807:
Chronology of the Kumarangk / Hindmarsh Island Affair – (1996),
1054:
568:
to appear before a senate estimates committee and described the
2290:
1218:
a former opposition leader, who had also been Treasurer in the
2257:
The March of Patriots : The Struggle for Modern Australia
1896:"Australians and Peacekeeping | Australian War Memorial"
817:
who wanted more substantial change, such as direct election.
1794:
Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates: House of Representatives
721:
initiatives). The government also undertook a review of the
1918:"PM – Australia/ Indonesia negotiate new defence agreement"
1337:
1335:
805:
Keating proceeded with measures to remove the symbolism of
701:
The government's agenda under Keating included creating an
1078:
in support of the United States led coalition against the
1036:
Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons
916:
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission Act 1989
2514:(1967–1968), see their respective biographical articles.
532:. Labor was returned with an increased majority in the
2502:
For information about the caretaker governments led by
464:
from 1991 to 1996. The government followed on from the
1856:"Pauline Hanson's maiden speech in federal parliament"
1832:. AustralianPolitics.com. 1 March 1998. Archived from
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1565:
1563:
1016:
Forum (APEC), initiating the annual leaders' meeting.
790:
in the defence of Singapore. RSL President, Brigadier
543:
Three years later, Keating again led the party to the
2220:
Inside the Hawke Keating Government: a Cabinet diary
894:
International Year for the World's Indigenous People
820:
On 18 September 1993, Keating met with the Queen at
173:
163:
152:
141:
131:
121:
103:
87:
75:
65:
45:
572:as consisting of "unrepresentative swill". During
258:Shadow Minister for Minerals, Resources and Energy
715:Australian Interactive Media Industry Association
528:, Keating went on to lead the Labor Party to the
344:Privatisation of Qantas and the Commonwealth Bank
2242:After Words: The Post-Prime Ministerial Speeches
1960:Parliamentary Library. Retrieved 9 December 2022
1343:"Before office – Paul Keating – Australia's PMs"
2064:
2062:
2060:
924:
594:Australian National Training Authority Act 1992
960:In the final weeks of the Keating government,
828:. The Republic Advisory Committee, chaired by
608:income, and has been incrementally increased.
290:This is a recession that Australia had to have
2302:
526:Labor Party leadership spill of December 1991
476:. The Keating government was defeated in the
433:
8:
2166:The End of Certainty: The story of the 1980s
2007:audio of the "true believers" victory speech
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1475:"In office – Paul Keating – Australia's PMs"
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1369:"Elections – Paul Keating – Australia's PMs"
2138:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from
2096:"Time to put an end to black hole tantrums"
1992:Text of the "true believers" victory speech
508:went on to defeat Fraser at the subsequent
2309:
2295:
2287:
1830:"Background Information on Pauline Hanson"
1772:"The recent republic debate: a chronology"
1661:Timeline: Mandatory detention in Australia
1436:"Lost art of the cutting political insult"
547:, in which it was soundly defeated by the
440:
426:
184:
1640:"4102.0 – Australian Social Trends, 2000"
1195:. Following the resignation of treasurer
849:Australian Constitutional Convention 1998
353:
232:President of New South Wales Young Labor
1331:
758:Australians for Constitutional Monarchy
187:
1597:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1590:
1552:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1545:
946:Confidential: to be read by women only
679:mandatory detention for asylum seekers
42:
1790:"Questions without notice: The 1950s"
1004:The Keating government was the first
884:. It was Australia's first national
747:within its design. Later that month,
7:
2193:; Melbourne University Press; 2010;
1434:Hockley, Catherine (30 April 2012).
1107:government and events like the 1991
936:. Minister for Aboriginal Affairs,
617:Industrial Relations Reform Act 1993
611:A landmark workfare scheme known as
2557:1996 disestablishments in Australia
2547:History of Australia (1945–present)
1956:John Harrison. (22 September 1997).
1796:. 27 February 1992. pp. 373–4.
1131:took the unusual step of releasing
934:Hindmarsh Island bridge controversy
853:1999 Australian republic referendum
2542:Australian Labor Party governments
2205:Keating, The Inside Story. Penguin
705:, reconciliation with Australia's
677:The Keating government introduced
598:Disability Discrimination Act 1992
482:John Howard's Coalition government
281:Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
27:Government of Australia, 1991-1996
25:
2025:Davies, Anne (31 December 2017).
1034:(ARF), as well as initiating the
1028:Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
1014:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
951:Hindmarsh Island Royal Commission
670:The Keating government pursued a
2552:1991 establishments in Australia
2276:; Random House Australia; 2002;
2076:. National Archives of Australia
1481:. National Archives of Australia
1375:. National Archives of Australia
1349:. National Archives of Australia
1278:
1264:
413:
406:
348:
192:
71:20 December 1991 – 11 March 1996
57:
48:
1973:. The Monthly. 19 December 1991
1770:Hide, Carolyne (17 June 1996).
1222:which had been defeated by the
1168:Keating and his cabinet in 1994
1123:Most commentators believed the
896:. Written by Keating's advisor
649:government business enterprises
301:December 1991 Labor Party spill
253:Minister for Northern Australia
1876:. Gevans.org. 28 November 2011
1740:. clivejames.com. 7 March 1992
1395:"Fire was lit a long time ago"
834:Australian Republican Movement
713:and allocated funding for the
603:The government introduced the
558:
316:Term of government (1991–1996)
268:Floating the Australian dollar
1:
1958:The GST Debate - A Chronology
1160:Second term and 1996 election
955:Government of South Australia
927:discrimination and exclusion.
524:Following his victory in the
1666:Special Broadcasting Service
647:The Keating government sold
468:after Paul Keating replaced
343:
333:
2074:Australia's Prime Ministers
1920:. Abc.net.au. 18 March 2005
1479:Australia's Prime Ministers
1373:Australia's Prime Ministers
1347:Australia's Prime Ministers
1024:Chemical Weapons Convention
910:Indigenous Land Corporation
724:Sex Discrimination Act 1984
364:Republic Advisory Committee
309:Prime Minister of Australia
296:June 1991 Labor Party spill
147:1991 Labor leadership spill
2573:
2054:; Viking; 1997; Chapter 14
2052:John Howard Prime Minister
1874:"Gareth Evans – Biography"
1224:Hawke-Keating Labor ticket
912:(ATSIC Amendment) Act 1995
553:Liberal-National Coalition
29:
2500:
2324:
2244:; Allen and Unwin; 2011;
2191:Hawke: The Prime Minister
2100:The Sydney Morning Herald
1642:. Abs.gov.au. 4 July 2000
1399:The Sydney Morning Herald
1149:the Bankstown Town Hall.
743:because it contained the
70:
56:
2537:Governments of Australia
2318:Governments of Australia
2070:"Paul Keating in office"
1250:Hawke-Keating government
777:Returned Services League
729:Mabo High Court decision
605:Superannuation Guarantee
559:Keating's personal style
534:House of Representatives
474:Hawke-Keating government
334:Superannuation Guarantee
201:This article is part of
30:Not to be confused with
2012:30 October 2008 at the
1809:Aboriginal Law Bulletin
1776:Parliament of Australia
1710:2 November 2012 at the
1321:Second Keating ministry
826:Commonwealth of Nations
36:Second Keating ministry
2118:explore.moadoph.gov.au
2050:Barnett & Goward;
1316:First Keating ministry
1169:
996:
980:
929:
735:Republican nationalism
630:Affirmative Action Act
626:Sex Discrimination Act
462:Australian Labor Party
273:Financial deregulation
263:Treasurer of Australia
32:First Keating ministry
2168:. Allen & Unwin.
1311:Fourth Hawke ministry
1301:Second Hawke ministry
1228:1996 federal election
1167:
1125:1993 federal election
1030:(APEC) forum and the
1008:to operate in a post-
1006:Australian Government
986:
975:
903:Native Title Act 1993
880:historic decision in
807:Monarchy in Australia
707:Indigenous population
545:1996 federal election
530:1993 federal election
510:1983 federal election
480:and was succeeded by
478:1996 federal election
339:Enterprise bargaining
322:Native Title Act 1993
2189:D'Alpuget, Blanche;
2142:on 23 September 2017
2102:. 24 September 2011.
1862:on 4 September 2003.
1533:www.tonyburke.com.au
1306:Third Hawke ministry
1296:First Hawke ministry
1103:by the undemocratic
1032:ASEAN Regional Forum
914:, which amended the
811:Australian Democrats
674:immigration policy.
2164:Paul Kelly (1992).
1587:on 9 November 2012.
1578:research.dwp.gov.uk
1193:Sports rorts affair
987:American President
890:Redfern Park Speech
876:in response to the
800:New Guinea Campaign
771:suffering its 1992
760:was established by
703:Australian republic
697:Culture and society
328:Redfern Park Speech
2532:Keating government
1836:on 17 October 2012
1718:, 20 November 2007
1199:former WA Premier
1170:
997:
981:
859:Aboriginal affairs
749:Queen Elizabeth II
689:government led by
498:Whitlam government
454:Keating government
46:Keating government
18:Keating Government
2519:
2518:
2235:The Hawke Memoirs
1738:"Pit-Bull Poodle"
1220:Fraser government
1185:Graham Richardson
966:Oxley, Queensland
882:Mabo v Queensland
683:Howard government
660:Commonwealth Bank
502:Fraser government
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349:Detention centres
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1113:Alexander Downer
1089:Rwandan genocide
1063:Mahathir Mohamad
873:Native Title Act
840:Alexander Downer
830:Malcolm Turnbull
798:effort, and the
773:annus horribilis
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2186:
2184:Further reading
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892:to launch the
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2158:Bibliography
2144:. Retrieved
2140:the original
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2036:31 December
1243:Tim Fischer
1216:John Howard
1129:John Hewson
796:Pacific War
792:Alf Garland
754:John Hewson
666:Immigration
656:CSL Limited
574:John Hewson
549:John Howard
245:(1969–1996)
241:Member for
164:Predecessor
117:(1995–1996)
115:Kim Beazley
112:(1991–1995)
2526:Categories
2504:Earle Page
2417:Menzies II
2374:Fisher III
2359:Deakin III
1996:Wikisource
1442:. Adelaide
1327:References
1143:Fightback!
1138:One Nation
1133:Fightback!
1097:East Timor
1047:East Timor
898:Don Watson
745:union jack
717:and other
628:(SDA) and
622:Bill Kelty
590:One Nation
488:Background
371:Ministries
359:One Nation
227:Early life
110:Brian Howe
2397:Menzies I
2364:Fisher II
2349:Deakin II
1940:"Keating"
1191:over the
1189:Ros Kelly
1101:Indonesia
767:With the
719:new media
687:Coalition
506:Bob Hawke
470:Bob Hawke
389:Elections
174:Successor
66:In office
2506:(1939),
2492:Albanese
2487:Morrison
2482:Turnbull
2354:Fisher I
2334:Deakin I
2259:; 2009;
2222:; 2014;
2207:; 1996;
2010:Archived
1814:Archived
1811:, No. 64
1708:Archived
1684:ABC News
1593:cite web
1548:cite web
1256:See also
1076:Gulf War
1010:Cold War
785:and HMS
494:Blaxland
243:Blaxland
136:Majority
93:Minister
2472:Rudd II
2467:Gillard
2452:Keating
2437:Whitlam
2432:McMahon
2412:Chifley
2388:Scullin
2237:; 1994.
2080:30 July
1716:The Age
1690:2 April
1446:7 March
1236:Telstra
1105:Suharto
1085:Pol Pot
1070:Defence
1043:Suharto
832:of the
787:Repulse
580:Economy
460:of the
77:Monarch
2477:Abbott
2462:Rudd I
2457:Howard
2442:Fraser
2427:Gorton
2407:Curtin
2402:Fadden
2379:Hughes
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2329:Barton
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1485:25 May
1419:25 May
1379:25 May
1353:25 May
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691:Howard
652:Qantas
570:Senate
153:Demise
142:Origin
132:Status
105:Deputy
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2392:Lyons
2384:Bruce
1585:(PDF)
1574:(PDF)
1540:(PDF)
1529:(PDF)
551:-led
156:Lost
126:Labor
122:Party
89:Prime
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2369:Cook
2344:Reid
2278:ISBN
2261:ISBN
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2209:ISBN
2195:ISBN
2170:ISBN
2148:2014
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