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Qafzeh Cave

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were discovered on site, in a Mousterian archaeological context. Seven of them are skeletons of adults and the rest - of children. The high proportion of children skeletons is unique among Middle Palaeolithic sites, and it led researchers to look for signs of trauma or disease that might have led to
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Skeletons, isolated bones and teeth found in the cave belong to at least 28 people. Remains of Qafzeh 9 and 10 that were found in a double burial, are nearly complete and belong to a young male and a child.
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The Arabic name of the mountain is Jebel el-Qafzeh, 'Mount of the Leap', and the cave's name is derived from it, Qafzeh Cave, sometimes spelled Qafza Cave, with article becoming al-Kafza (Cave).
2363: 103:, the name becomes Meʿarat Har HaKfitza, 'Leap Mount Cave', or sometimes Mt. HaKfitza Cave, HaKfitza(h) Cave, or Meʿarat Qafzeh. Another Hebrew name is Meʿarat Kedumim or Kedumim Cave. 211:
Human remains found in the cave were preserved at the Institut de paléontologie humaine (IPH) de Paris and the largest part of Neville’s lithic series was preserved at the
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Tillier, Anne-Marie; et al. (1 February 2001). "Brief Communication: An Early Case of Hydrocephalus: The Middle Paleolithic Qafzeh 12 Child (Israel)".
225:, who was buried in a rectangular grave carved out of the bedrock, with his arms folded alongside his body and his hands placed on either side of his neck. 2444: 1127: 1777: 948: 5269: 3947: 2167: 130: 192:. Five of these skeletons were found buried in an orderly fashion in the cave's floor, one being the remains of a 12-13 year old boy found with 4802: 4622: 4612: 4587: 4337: 4311: 5279: 5230: 2579: 1158: 4254: 244:
that were found on human bones, and, also, 71 pieces of ochre that were associated with burial practices, which indicates that ceremonial
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their premature deaths. One child, Qafzeh 12, of around 3 years of age, by modern reference standards, had abnormalities indicating
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Tillier, Anne-marie; Vandermeersch, Bernard; Duday, Henri; Arensburg, Baruch; Dutour, Olivier; Coqueugniot, Hélène (23 July 2014).
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blew up the cave because it was being used as a hideout by gangs associated with the rebels. Excavations were renewed in 1965, by
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horns were laid on his hands, probably constituting one of the offerings put in the grave. The boy's skull bears signs of a
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Paléoimagerie appliquée aux Homo sapiens de Qafzeh (Paléolithique moyen, Levant sud). Variabilité normale et pathologique
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that included symbolic acts which held special meaning had already been common around 100,000 years ago.
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people were discovered on the site - some of the oldest examples in the world, outside of
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Coutinho-Nogueira, Dany; Coqueugniot, Hélène; Tillier, Anne-marie (10 September 2021).
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type. These tools are often associated with Neanderthal settlements. Animal remains of
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that had probably been the cause of death. The site was dated to circa 92,000 ya using
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Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site
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Hovers, Erella; Ilani, Shimon; Bar Yosef, Ofer; Vandermeersch, Bernard (2003).
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horns were most likely placed as an offering. The boy's skull bears signs of a
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era were identified. The interior of the cave contains layers ranging from the
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Uniquely human : the evolution of speech, thought, and selfless behavior
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10.1002/1096-8644(200102)114:2<166::aid-ajpa1017>3.0.co;2-3
301: 297: 245: 3823: 3097: 3092: 2020: 969: 961: 72:. These were discovered on the ledge just outside the cave, where 18 65: 708:"New Middle Palaeolithic Hominin Dental Remains from Qafzeh, Israel" 870: 363:"Evidence for 90,000 Year Old Human Burials at Qafzeh Cave, Israel" 5013: 3010: 2569: 926: 281: 249: 241: 168: 159: 158: 484: 218:
One such burial is of a 10 year old boy from the earliest of the
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Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site
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The various caves in the system are separately numbered using
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Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site
682:"Qafzeh | anthropological and archaeological site, Israel" 590:
Vandermeersch, Bernard; et al. (30 January 2019).
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Bulletin du Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem
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Bulletin du Centre de Recherche Français à Jérusalem
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Harvard University Press. 5280:Prehistoric sites in Israel 2479:Other caves with decoration 1561:Other caves with decoration 1483:Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil 1159:Caves containing pictograms 131:Arab rebellion in Palestine 5311: 2463:Other World Heritage Sites 1550:Other World Heritage Sites 1149:Paleoanthropological sites 512:Lieberman, Philip (1991). 454:"מערת קדומים (קפצה)1969". 427:ancientneareast.tripod.com 394:"The Excavation of Qafzeh" 183:. The remains of 15 human 152: 34: 5199: 4842: 4829: 4170: 4153: 3618: 3605: 2772: 2759: 1180: 1167: 1144: 1080: 762:(in French) (10): 11–16. 331:Skhul and Qafzeh hominins 272:and points - were of the 155:Skhul and Qafzeh hominins 44:located at the bottom of 5127:Northern Mariana Islands 916:Vandermeersch, Bernard, 485: 724:10.3406/paleo.2014.5614 686:Encyclopedia Britannica 60:. Important remains of 3651:Manyana Rock Paintings 1702:La Chapelle-aux-Saints 802:10.1127/homo/2021/1513 164: 5246:32.68333°N 35.29722°E 4214:Actun Tunichil Muknal 162: 153:Further information: 139:Bernard Vandermeersch 3788:Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa 2728:Red Lady of Paviland 1620:Mayrières supérieure 905:"The Forgotten Cave" 903:Rut, Yehuda (1959), 859:Current Anthropology 194:European fallow deer 5242: /  4603:Colorado Millennial 3241:Shiraho Saonetabaru 2045:Bukuroshja e Fjetur 632:2014PLoSO...9j2822C 284:, woodland-adapted 42:archaeological site 5251:32.68333; 35.29722 4421:Dominican Republic 4182:Cueva de las Manos 3078:Huto and Kamarband 2488:Barranc del Migdia 2374:Caves in Cantabria 1798:Hohlenstein-Stadel 1605:Grotte de Gabillou 1590:La Chaire a Calvin 834:. 11 December 2003 458:. לא/לב: 7. 1969. 220:Middle Paleolithic 213:Rockefeller Museum 206:thermoluminescence 177:Mousterian culture 165: 99:By translation to 78:Middle Paleolithic 5225: 5224: 5195: 5194: 5191: 5190: 4825: 4824: 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4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4365: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4184: 4178: 4176: 4168: 4167: 4158: 4151: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4139: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4102: 4096: 4094: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4043:Pinnacle Point 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3863: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3847: 3845:The White Lady 3842: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3826: 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3316: 3311: 3306: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3290: 3285: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3269: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3121: 3116: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2967: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2864: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2802: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2786: 2780: 2778: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2678:Creswell Crags 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2658:Aveline's Hole 2654: 2652: 2651:United Kingdom 2648: 2647: 2645: 2644: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2628: 2623: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2607: 2602: 2600:Santa Catalina 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2546: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2414: 2413: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2395:Monte Castillo 2392: 2389: 2384: 2381: 2371: 2366: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2351: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2276:Hadži-Prodan's 2272: 2270: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2188: 2186: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2135: 2134: 2129: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2113: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2097: 2091: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2079: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2063: 2057: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2047: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2031: 2025: 2023: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1852: 1850: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1514: 1513:Laugerie-Haute 1511: 1509:Laugerie-Basse 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1490:Abri Chadourne 1488: 1485: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1467: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1441: 1440: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1427: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1393: 1391: 1390:Czech Republic 1387: 1386: 1384: 1383: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1360:Romuald's Cave 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1293: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1188: 1186: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1165: 1164: 1162: 1161: 1156: 1154:Cave paintings 1151: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1138:cave paintings 1135: 1133: 1132: 1125: 1118: 1110: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1097: 1092: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1020: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 974: 972: 966: 965: 956: 954: 953: 946: 939: 931: 925: 924: 913: 898: 895: 893: 892: 879:10.1086/375869 871:10.1086/375869 845: 823: 796:(4): 293–305. 773: 746: 729: 698: 673: 626:(7): e102822. 603: 582: 555:(2): 166–170. 539: 524: 504: 491:amudanan.co.il 469: 439: 411: 379: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 334: 333: 328: 321: 318: 261: 258: 246:funerary rites 215:in Jerusalem. 150: 147: 143:Ofer Bar-Yosef 123:Moshe Stekelis 115: 112: 108:Roman numerals 93: 90: 50:Jezreel Valley 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5307: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5285:Lower Galilee 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5258: 5255: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5212:Cave painting 5210: 5208: 5207:List of caves 5205: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5174: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5142: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5103: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5088:New Caledonia 5085: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4994:New Guinea II 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4969:Mannalargenna 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4738:On Your Knees 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4663:Hidden Valley 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4566:United States 4564: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4485:Guilá Naquitz 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4470:Dzibilchaltún 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4435: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4250:Pedra Pintada 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4164:South America 4161: 4156: 4152: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4128: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4028:Klasies River 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4003:Byneskranskop 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3852: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3831: 3825: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3793:Ifri Oudadane 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3769: 3763: 3762:Uan Muhuggiag 3760: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3608: 3604: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3468:Batadombalena 3466: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3357: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3324:Ras Baalbek I 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3295: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3160:Nahal Me'arot 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2869: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2744: 2743:Windmill Hill 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2688:Heathery Burn 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2423:Tito Bustillo 2421: 2416: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2404:Las Chimeneas 2403: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2230:Akhshtyrskaya 2228: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2178:Pego do Diabo 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1969:Arene Candide 1967: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1856:Devil's Tower 1854: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1630:Pair-non-Pair 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1615:Le Mas-d'Azil 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1565:Arcy-sur-Cure 1563: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1504:Font-de-Gaume 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1472:Abri Castanet 1471: 1470: 1469:Castel Merle 1468: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1166: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1143: 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399: 395: 388: 386: 384: 380: 368: 364: 361:Hirst, Kris. 357: 355: 353: 351: 347: 341: 336: 332: 329: 327: 324: 323: 319: 317: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 266:side scrapers 259: 257: 255: 254:ornamentation 251: 247: 243: 238: 234: 232: 228: 224: 221: 216: 214: 209: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 190:hydrocephalus 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 161: 156: 148: 146: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 127:René Neuville 124: 120: 113: 111: 109: 104: 102: 97: 91: 89: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 54:Lower Galilee 51: 47: 43: 40: 36: 32: 19: 5227: 5019:Wargata Mina 4979:Murrawijinie 4914:Eagles Reach 4909:Devil's Lair 4813:Wilson Butte 4598:Cherry Creek 4588:Bull Thistle 4333:Chiribiquete 4291:Charlie Lake 4219:Barton Creek 4033:Melkhoutboom 3973:Sterkfontein 3963:Plovers Lake 3896:South Africa 3798:Jebel Irhoud 3783:Ifri N'Ammar 3518:Turkmenistan 3483:Hunugalagala 3267:Iraq ed-Dubb 3032:Jeriji Saléh 2693:High Pasture 2250:Shulgan-Tash 2173:Pedra Furada 1994: 1833:Lichtenstein 1823:Brillenhöhle 1752:Le Regourdou 1712:La Ferrassie 1707:Combe Grenal 1650:Trois Frères 1585:Fontéchevade 1538:La Madeleine 1192:Drachenhöhle 1052:Rosh HaNikra 918: 909:Al Hamishmar 908: 897:Bibliography 862: 858: 848: 836:. Retrieved 826: 793: 789: 776: 759: 749: 739: 732: 718:(1): 13–24. 715: 711: 701: 689:. Retrieved 685: 676: 623: 619: 595: 585: 552: 548: 542: 514: 507: 495:. Retrieved 490: 455: 430:. Retrieved 426: 397: 370:. Retrieved 366: 263: 239: 235: 217: 210: 166: 117: 105: 98: 95: 30: 29: 18:Kedumim Cave 5249: / 5105:New Zealand 4929:Gwion Gwion 4798:Trail Creek 4723:Meadowcroft 4683:Last Supper 4613:Daugherty's 4475:Las Flechas 4260:Rei do Mato 3984:Other caves 3968:Rising Star 3943:Makapansgat 3908:Bolt's Farm 3725:Njoro River 3568:Teshik-Tash 3563:Obi-Rakhmat 3547:Yarımburgaz 3447:Lapuz Lapuz 3425:Philippines 3334:Nachcharini 3329:Ras El Kelb 3288:Tam Pa Ling 3283:Tham An Mah 3165:Nahal Hemar 2913:Zhoukoudian 2888:Guanyindong 2862:Laang Spean 2784:Darra-e Kur 2777:Afghanistan 2723:Portbraddon 2713:Marble Arch 2626:Wildkirchli 2614:Switzerland 2550:Other caves 2523:Ojo Guareña 2503:Maltravieso 2498:Los Casares 2473:Siega Verde 2438:Los Aviones 2433:Santimamiñe 2407:Las Monedas 2400:El Castillo 2307:Čertova pec 2255:Mezmaiskaya 2163:Lagar Velho 2095:Cocev Kamen 1974:Balzi Rossi 1814:Other caves 1803:Sirgenstein 1732:Le Moustier 1722:Fontbrégoua 1682:Bonne-Femme 1662:Other caves 1381:Aetokremnos 1324:Utroba Cave 1230:Claminforge 1227:Belle-Roche 1013:Nahal Hever 838:25 November 497:25 November 493:(in Hebrew) 432:25 November 306:land snails 294:fallow deer 260:Stone tools 231:head trauma 202:head trauma 181:burial site 173:stone tools 119:Excavations 114:Excavations 84:era to the 62:prehistoric 39:prehistoric 35:other names 31:Qafzeh Cave 5290:Mousterian 5264:Categories 5237:35°17′50″E 5234:32°41′00″N 5217:Speleology 5034:Wellington 4989:Naracoorte 4974:Mudgegonga 4959:Madjedbebe 4924:Gabarnmung 4864:Ballawinne 4854:Abrakurrie 4753:Pictograph 4531:Qillqatani 4526:Pikimachay 4521:Guitarrero 4516:Chivateros 4495:Oxtotitlán 4348:Tequendama 4058:Wonderwerk 4038:Nelson Bay 4018:Elands Bay 3978:Swartkrans 3923:Gladysvale 3870:Somaliland 3817:Mozambique 3757:Haua Fteah 3556:Uzbekistan 3221:Minatogawa 3216:Kosegasawa 3170:Nahal Oren 3114:Hazar Merd 3083:Qaleh Bozi 3068:Do-Ashkaft 2965:Satsurblia 2932:East Timor 2809:Azerbaijan 2698:Kendrick's 2663:Bontnewydd 2585:Don Gaspar 2538:Praileaitz 2493:Las Caldas 2411:La Pasiega 2338:Divje Babe 2260:Okladnikov 2245:Ignatievka 2168:Pala Pinta 2077:Għar Dalam 2054:Luxembourg 2029:St Brelade 2011:Villabruna 1922:Stravomyti 1912:Megalakkos 1897:Eileithyia 1882:Alepotrypa 1793:Hohle Fels 1679:Balauzière 1635:Pech Merle 1543:Rouffignac 1517:La Micoque 1499:Cro-Magnon 1458:Bara Bahau 1402:Býčí skála 1350:Vela Spila 1309:Devetashka 1304:Bacho Kiro 865:(4): 491. 712:Paléorient 337:References 326:Skhul Cave 310:Mousterian 290:rhinoceros 278:Mousterian 86:Bronze Age 5183:Nanumanga 5167:Falemauga 5078:Makauwahi 4847:Australia 4803:Trinchera 4678:La Grange 4648:Gatecliff 4643:Franktown 4638:Fort Rock 4618:Dry Creek 4536:Toquepala 4500:Sac Actun 4490:Ox Bel Ha 4480:Frightful 4465:Coxcatlan 4444:Long Mile 4198:Quadiriki 4175:Argentina 4013:Diepkloof 3998:Boomplaas 3953:Minnaar's 3938:Kromdraai 3887:Laas Geel 3882:Dhaymoole 3877:Dhambalin 3840:Apollo 11 3741:Liphofung 3667:Shum Laka 3630:Gueldaman 3584:Con Moong 3461:Sri Lanka 3408:Palestine 3382:Padah-Lin 3319:Ksar Akil 3251:Yamashita 3236:Pinza-Abu 3042:Pettakere 3037:Liang Bua 3020:Indonesia 3006:Pahargarh 2991:Bhimbetka 2949:Lene Hara 2939:Jerimalai 2918:Zengpiyan 2908:Yuchanyan 2708:Long Hole 2605:del Valle 2580:dels Bous 2533:la Pileta 2468:Atapuerca 2383:Covalanas 2281:Pešturina 2209:Muierilor 2199:Coliboaia 2111:Svarthola 1927:Theopetra 1917:Petralona 1902:Franchthi 1892:Asphendou 1848:Gibraltar 1818:Baumann's 1808:Vogelherd 1783:Bockstein 1762:Vallonnet 1757:Rochereil 1747:Raymonden 1737:Noisetier 1689:Bruniquel 1610:Marsoulas 1600:Lombrives 1595:La Marche 1521:La Mouthe 1487:Abri Audi 1465:Cap Blanc 1407:Koněprusy 1397:Amatérská 1365:Veternica 1314:Kozarnika 1288:Ledenjača 1212:Tischofer 1202:Lurgrotte 818:237469414 768:2075-5287 650:1932-6203 569:1096-8644 406:2075-5287 367:ThoughtCo 342:Citations 274:Levallois 185:skeletons 82:Neolithic 76:from the 56:south of 5024:Warratyi 5009:Tarragal 4999:Nunamira 4984:Murujuga 4949:Kutikina 4944:Koonalda 4939:Koongine 4899:Cliefden 4894:Cave Bay 4793:Tomaquag 4778:Sisyphus 4708:Mantle's 4698:Lovelock 4693:LoDaisKa 4673:Humboldt 4557:Werehpai 4550:Suriname 4460:Chan Hol 4379:Centella 4369:Ambrosio 4321:Colombia 4286:Bluefish 4130:Zimbabwe 4067:Tanzania 4053:Stadsaal 3958:Motsetsi 3928:Gondolin 3918:Drimolen 3913:Cooper's 3808:Taforalt 3778:Hercules 3704:Swimmers 3676:DR Congo 3660:Cameroon 3639:Botswana 3509:Tham Lod 3499:Pha Taem 3492:Thailand 3473:Belilena 3391:Pakistan 3359:Mongolia 3343:Malaysia 3304:Antelias 3246:Tobayama 3200:Zuttiyeh 3119:Shanidar 2981:Ambadevi 2898:Tianyuan 2878:Baishiya 2855:Cambodia 2595:El Mirón 2590:Guanches 2565:Armintxe 2483:Bacinete 2428:Altxerri 2417:El Pendo 2387:La Garma 2369:Altamira 2326:Slovenia 2317:Jasovská 2300:Slovakia 2286:Risovača 2240:Denisova 2204:Cuciulat 2158:Furninha 2153:Escoural 2141:Portugal 2132:Paradise 2127:Obłazowa 2061:Loschbur 2001:Paglicci 1984:Corbeddu 1866:Vanguard 1861:Gorham's 1742:La Quina 1685:Bouillon 1672:Aurignac 1476:Reverdit 1461:Bernifal 1340:Grapčeva 1297:Bulgaria 1257:Scladina 1244:Naulette 1207:Salzofen 1072:Zuttiyeh 1035:Es-Skhul 978:Avshalom 810:34505621 691:10 April 668:25054798 620:PLOS ONE 577:11169907 534:21764294 464:23476384 372:10 April 320:See also 316:period. 286:red deer 149:Findings 58:Nazareth 5135:Chugai' 5117:Ruakuri 5052:Gadao's 5029:Warreen 4964:Mammoth 4934:Jenolan 4879:Blanche 4859:Acheron 4836:Oceania 4808:Ventana 4788:Tainter 4763:Russell 4748:Pendejo 4743:Paisley 4703:Mammoth 4623:Durango 4583:Bonfire 4437:Jamaica 4404:Curaçao 4343:Sáchica 4328:El Abra 4312:Milodón 4255:Peruaçu 4245:Maquiné 4137:Bambata 4116:Kalemba 3988:Blombos 3933:Haasgat 3854:Nigeria 3833:Namibia 3771:Morocco 3734:Lesotho 3646:Tsodilo 3623:Algeria 3577:Vietnam 3537:Belbaşı 3523:Dzhebel 3478:Fa Hien 3437:Kalanay 3398:Sanghao 3375:Myanmar 3314:Kaukaba 3297:Lebanon 3185:Raqefet 3155:Misliya 3140:HaYonim 3088:Warwasi 3063:Darband 3058:Bisitun 3027:Harimau 3001:Gudiyam 2996:Edakkal 2958:Georgia 2903:Xianren 2831:Damjili 2826:Buzeyir 2800:Areni-1 2793:Armenia 2718:Oldbury 2683:Gough's 2668:Cathole 2642:Verteba 2635:Ukraine 2192:Romania 2183:Salemas 2148:Aroeira 1979:Cavallo 1964:Addaura 1943:Baradla 1936:Hungary 1887:Apidima 1771:Germany 1727:Lazaret 1655:Villars 1575:Cosquer 1555:Chauvet 1533:Lascaux 1431:Finland 1355:Vindija 1345:Krapina 1333:Croatia 1253:Ramioul 1221:Belgium 1197:Gudenus 1185:Austria 1057:Te'omim 1023:Letters 1008:Misliya 993:HaYonim 659:4108366 628:Bibcode 302:gazelle 298:wild ox 268:, disc 135:British 48:in the 37:, is a 5176:Tuvalu 5112:Moncks 5096:Pindai 5071:Hawaii 5062:Talagi 5057:Mahlac 4919:Fossil 4904:Cloggs 4889:Burrup 4768:Sandia 4713:Marmes 4658:Hidden 4653:Graham 4608:Danger 4593:Burnet 4453:Mexico 4428:Pomier 4389:Patana 4374:Calero 4353:Tibitó 4279:Canada 4240:Gentio 4233:Brazil 4207:Belize 4121:Mumbwa 4109:Zambia 4093:Uganda 4074:Kondoa 4048:Sibudu 3993:Border 3948:Malapa 3824:Ngalue 3699:Beasts 3683:Matupi 3612:Africa 3542:Karain 3530:Turkey 3504:Spirit 3442:Minori 3432:Callao 3416:Shuqba 3260:Jordan 3231:Ōzakai 3226:Muroya 3175:Qafzeh 3145:Kebara 3128:Israel 3098:Yafteh 3093:Wezmeh 2923:Zhiren 2836:Tağlar 2738:Thor's 2673:Coygan 2621:Bichon 2575:Bedmar 2543:Sidrón 2379:Chufín 2312:Domica 2269:Serbia 2223:Russia 2120:Poland 2104:Norway 2038:Kosovo 2021:Jersey 2006:Romito 1948:Szelim 1907:Kleidi 1875:Greece 1580:Cussac 1570:Gargas 1525:Pataud 1447:France 1417:Mladeč 1374:Cyprus 1319:Magura 1283:Badanj 1276:Bosnia 1174:Europe 1062:Qafzeh 1018:Horror 998:Kebara 988:Elijah 983:Ayalon 970:Israel 962:Israel 887:715446 885:  877:  816:  808:  766:  666:  656:  648:  575:  567:  532:  522:  462:  404:  223:layers 169:stoves 133:, the 101:Hebrew 74:layers 66:Africa 5160:Samoa 5014:Ubirr 5004:ORS 7 4773:Shoup 4733:Mummy 4728:Modoc 4718:Martz 4668:Hogup 4578:Baker 4394:Pluma 4300:Chile 4265:Santo 4191:Aruba 4160:North 4100:Nyero 4084:Mumba 4008:Cango 3750:Libya 3713:Kenya 3692:Egypt 3589:Ngườm 3452:Tabon 3309:Jeita 3209:Japan 3195:Tabun 3190:Skhul 3180:Qesem 3150:Manot 3011:Tikla 2986:Belum 2974:India 2944:Laili 2893:Luobi 2883:Fuyan 2871:China 2846:Gazma 2821:Azykh 2816:Allar 2703:Kents 2570:Axlor 2560:Antón 2555:Ángel 2513:Nerja 2451:Araña 2357:Spain 2348:Potok 2343:Pekel 2333:Betal 2070:Malta 1995:Felci 1957:Italy 1838:Ofnet 1698:Cauna 1694:Calès 1667:Arago 1645:Renne 1625:Niaux 1422:Šipka 1412:Kůlna 1239:Goyet 1234:Engis 1067:Qesem 1047:Pa'ar 1040:Tabun 1003:Manot 958:Caves 883:S2CID 875:JSTOR 814:S2CID 786:(PDF) 460:JSTOR 282:horse 270:cores 250:Ochre 242:ochre 92:Names 5203:Cave 5151:Kilu 5044:Guam 4884:Bone 4688:Levi 4628:Dust 4509:Peru 4412:Hato 4384:Cura 4362:Cuba 4307:Fell 4162:and 4079:Bahi 3350:Niah 3276:Laos 3135:Amud 3107:Iraq 3051:Iran 2766:Asia 2733:Sand 2518:Niño 2214:Oase 1989:Deer 1717:Fées 1438:Wolf 840:2017 806:PMID 790:HOMO 764:ISSN 693:2019 664:PMID 646:ISSN 573:PMID 565:ISSN 530:OCLC 520:ISBN 499:2017 434:2017 402:ISSN 374:2019 312:and 300:and 227:Deer 198:Deer 125:and 3861:Rop 2841:Zar 1676:Azé 1262:Spy 960:in 867:doi 798:doi 720:doi 654:PMC 636:doi 557:doi 553:114 52:of 5266:: 907:, 881:. 873:. 863:44 861:. 857:. 812:. 804:. 794:72 792:. 788:. 758:. 716:40 714:. 710:. 684:. 662:. 652:. 644:. 634:. 622:. 618:. 606:^ 594:. 571:. 563:. 551:. 528:. 489:. 472:^ 442:^ 425:. 414:^ 396:. 382:^ 365:. 349:^ 304:, 296:, 292:, 288:, 208:. 171:, 141:, 110:. 88:. 2447:) 1129:e 1122:t 1115:v 950:e 943:t 936:v 923:. 912:. 889:. 869:: 842:. 820:. 800:: 770:. 726:. 722:: 695:. 670:. 638:: 630:: 624:9 579:. 559:: 536:. 501:. 466:. 436:. 408:. 376:. 276:- 20:)

Index

Kedumim Cave
other names
prehistoric
archaeological site
Mount Precipice
Jezreel Valley
Lower Galilee
Nazareth
prehistoric
Africa
anatomically modern human beings
layers
Middle Paleolithic
Neolithic
Bronze Age
Hebrew
Roman numerals
Excavations
Moshe Stekelis
René Neuville
Arab rebellion in Palestine
British
Bernard Vandermeersch
Ofer Bar-Yosef
Skhul and Qafzeh hominins

stoves
stone tools
Mousterian culture
burial site

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