452:
470:
411:. Their flight is slow and undulating, consisting of rapid wing beats (six to ten), then a glide with the bird's beak extending forward and dipping downward as though pulling the rest of the bird. Their feet are drawn up forward in flight. The flight distances are typically short. They live together in groups, often sharing cramped living quarters of holes in trees. There is a family structure within the group. Birds often "duel" with each other using their bills, and throw fruit into each other's mouths. They 'play ball', one throwing a fruit in the air and a second seizing it.
440:
331:
307:
31:
100:
233:
58:
420:
chicks. When the chicks hatch, they have no feathers, and have their eyes closed for approximately 3 weeks. The chicks have adequately formed heel pads, which assist on the pit-covered bottom of the nest. The chicks stay in their nest for approximately eight to nine weeks while their bills develop fully and they are ready to fledge from the nest.
419:
The female keel-billed toucan will lay 1–4 white eggs in a natural or already-made tree cavity. The male and female share in the caring of the eggs, both taking turns incubating. The eggs hatch approximately 15–20 days after being laid. After hatching, the male and female again take turns feeding the
359:
Including its bill, the keel-billed toucan ranges in length from around 42 to 55 cm (17 to 22 in). Their large and colorful bill averages around 12–15 cm (4.7–5.9 in), about one-third of its length. It typically weighs about 380–500 g (13–18 oz). While the bill seems
394:
of tropical, subtropical, and lowland rainforests, up to altitudes of 1,900 m (6,200 ft). It roosts in holes in trees, often with several other toucans. This can be very cramped, so the birds tuck their tails and beaks under their bodies to keep their body temperature at a normal level
382:(or feet with toes 2 and 3 facing forwards, and toes 1 and 4 facing backwards) – two toes face forward and two face back. Because toucans spend a large portion of time in the trees, this helps the birds to stay on the branches of the trees and jump from one branch to another.
432:
and lizards. The bill, surprisingly dexterous, allows this toucan to utilize a large variety of fruit that might not otherwise be reached. When eating the fruit, it uses its bill to dissect the fruit, and then tosses its head back to swallow the fruit whole.
960:
497:
This species is threatened by habitat loss, which has been accelerating in recent years, and by hunting and trapping for the pet trade. The species is undergoing a moderately rapid population decline and is therefore evaluated as Near
Threatened.
451:
271:. The species is found in tropical jungles from southern Mexico to Ecuador. It is an omnivorous forest bird that feeds on fruits, seeds, insects, invertebrates, lizards, snakes, and small birds and their eggs.
966:
583:
469:
891:
Otten, Benjamin A.; Orosz, Susan E.; Auge, Shannon; Frazier, Donita L. (2001). "Mineral
Content of Food Items Commonly Ingested by Keel-Billed Toucans (Ramphastos sulfuratus)".
767:
1563:
775:
1721:
1602:
1741:
1524:
1576:
1026:
1786:
375:
occurs once per year. It has blue feet and red feathers at the tip of its tail. The bill is mainly green with a red tip and orange sides.
395:
while sleeping. Adding to the lack of space, the bottoms of the holes are often covered with pits from the fruit the toucans have eaten.
1776:
591:
1537:
1731:
1781:
951:
784:
348:
Originally described as a separate species. Found in south-eastern
Guatemala to northern Colombia and north-western Venezuela
1581:
1291:
439:
1761:
1306:
1296:
805:
1756:
1751:
1685:
1542:
1475:
317:
210:
976:
99:
1771:
1607:
1019:
268:
1427:
904:
1766:
1746:
1736:
1615:
1254:
1115:
943:
654:
938:
428:
The diet of keel-billed toucans consists mostly of a wide range of fruit, but may also include insects, eggs,
485:
The keel-billed toucan is sometimes kept in captivity, but it requires a high-fruit diet and is sensitive to
1177:
1125:
1105:
1100:
1620:
501:
They are threatened by hunting for their meat and beaks, and toucan populations are on a decreasing trend.
1462:
1389:
1363:
1338:
1301:
1207:
1187:
1130:
1110:
1095:
1004:
969:
of online ornithological articles which explore the natural history of the
Rainbow or Keel-billed toucan,
768:"New and noteworthy records of birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta region, north-eastern Colombia"
737:
612:
955:
1654:
1480:
1358:
1333:
1259:
1244:
1202:
1012:
194:
697:
1454:
1436:
1269:
1217:
1212:
1182:
1172:
1135:
1085:
865:
390:
The keel-billed toucan can be found from
Southern Mexico to Venezuela and Colombia. It roosts in the
330:
306:
30:
1726:
1328:
1264:
1192:
833:"The potential of fruit trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico"
403:
Like many toucans, keel-billed toucans are very social birds, rarely seen alone. They fly in small
47:
1167:
916:
908:
679:
459:
94:
1659:
1568:
1641:
1594:
1498:
1441:
232:
1646:
1249:
1222:
1197:
1162:
1090:
1036:
900:
844:
671:
633:
1680:
1467:
1628:
1374:
994:
486:
391:
62:
522:
1698:
1120:
1074:
615:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publications. 1929, 19: 1–43.
1715:
1589:
1157:
662:
531:
67:
920:
792:
1503:
1343:
982:
625:
1490:
1672:
1550:
1421:
1353:
874:
1693:
1317:
1233:
998:
870:
849:
832:
408:
379:
341:
285:
171:
151:
39:
817:
111:
1412:
698:"Keel-billed Toucan, Costa Rica – information, where to see it, and photos"
558:
1633:
1406:
1280:
989:
429:
131:
912:
638:
371:
of the keel-billed toucan is mainly black with a yellow neck and chest.
1529:
1449:
1146:
1062:
683:
368:
361:
1555:
1041:
360:
large and cumbersome, it is in fact a spongy, hollow bone covered in
264:
161:
121:
1516:
1383:
675:
749:
University of
Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publications
1667:
1511:
1052:
372:
84:
78:
404:
141:
1387:
1008:
516:
514:
324:
Found in south-eastern Mexico, Belize and northern
Guatemala
905:
10.1647/1082-6742(2001)015[0194:MCOFIC]2.0.CO;2
407:
of approximately six to twelve individuals through lowland
613:
The Life
History of the Toucan, Ramphastos brevicarinatus
1396:
1315:
1278:
1231:
1144:
1072:
1050:
979:at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
1020:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
263:, is a colorful Latin American member of the
8:
776:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
1543:rainbow-billed-toucan-ramphastos-sulfuratus
1384:
1027:
1013:
1005:
231:
56:
29:
20:
848:
766:Strewe, Ralf; Navarro, Cristobal (2004).
637:
655:"Life History of the Keel-billed Toucan"
290:
510:
435:
995:Audio recordings of Keel-billed toucan
1722:IUCN Red List near threatened species
893:Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery
7:
337:Ramphastos sulfuratus brevicarinatus
532:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
267:family. It is the national bird of
1035:Toucans, toucanets, and aracaris (
977:Keel-billed toucan species account
14:
814:The Sacramento Zoological Society
738:"The Life History of the Toucan,
364:, a very light and hard protein.
971:Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus
961:Keel-billed toucan photo gallery
468:
450:
438:
329:
313:Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus
305:
98:
837:Bird Conservation International
521:BirdLife International (2021).
1742:Birds of the Yucatán Peninsula
1:
1292:Grey-breasted mountain toucan
939:"Rainbow-billed Toucan media"
653:Skutch, Alexander F. (1971).
584:"Government of Belize Portal"
1307:Black-billed mountain toucan
1297:Plate-billed mountain toucan
963:at VIREO (Drexel University)
831:Foster, Mercedes S. (2007).
630:IOC World Bird List Datasets
736:Van Tyne, Josselyn (1929).
489:(an iron storage disease).
1803:
1777:National symbols of Belize
783:(1): 38–51. Archived from
1787:Taxa named by René Lesson
1372:
983:Interactive range map of
952:Keel-billed toucan Stamps
850:10.1017/S0959270906000554
740:Ramphastos brevicarinatus
626:"IOC World Bird List 6.4"
378:Keel-billed toucans have
230:
223:
218:
200:
193:
95:Scientific classification
93:
76:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
1732:Birds of Central America
1255:Golden-collared toucanet
1116:Chestnut-tipped toucanet
944:Internet Bird Collection
386:Distribution and habitat
275:Taxonomy and systematics
1782:Birds described in 1830
1238:(dichromatic toucanets)
1178:Brown-mandibled aracari
1126:Crimson-rumped toucanet
1106:Black-throated toucanet
1101:White-throated toucanet
795:(Better map and photos)
700:. Anywherecostarica.com
539:: e.T22682102A168670038
1364:Yellow-throated toucan
1339:Citron-throated toucan
1302:Hooded mountain toucan
1208:Pale-mandibled aracari
1188:Chestnut-eared aracari
1151:(aracaris or araçaris)
1131:Yellow-browed toucanet
1111:Groove-billed toucanet
1096:Blue-throated toucanet
253:sulfur-breasted toucan
1699:Ramphastos-sulfuratus
1655:Paleobiology Database
1442:Ramphastos_sulfuratus
1428:Ramphastos sulfuratus
1398:Ramphastos sulfuratus
1359:White-throated toucan
1334:Channel-billed toucan
1260:Tawny-tufted toucanet
1245:Yellow-eared toucanet
1203:Stripe-billed aracari
985:Ramphastos sulfuratus
808:Ramphastos sulfuratus
525:Ramphastos sulfuratus
399:Behaviour and ecology
261:rainbow-billed toucan
248:Ramphastos sulfuratus
204:Ramphastos sulfuratus
1270:Spot-billed toucanet
1218:Curl-crested aracari
1213:Fiery-billed aracari
1183:Black-necked aracari
1173:Ivory-billed aracari
1136:Blue-banded toucanet
866:Cymbopetalum mayanum
806:"Keel-Billed Toucan
559:"Appendices | CITES"
1762:Birds of Costa Rica
1329:Red-breasted toucan
1193:Many-banded aracari
639:10.14344/ioc.ml.6.4
475:in Peten, Guatemala
48:Conservation status
24:Keel-billed toucan
1757:Birds of Nicaragua
1752:Birds of Guatemala
1349:Keel-billed toucan
1285:(mountain toucans)
1168:Red-necked aracari
990:IUCN Red List maps
460:Wodyetia bifurcata
243:keel-billed toucan
186:R. sulfuratus
1772:Birds of Colombia
1709:
1708:
1642:Open Tree of Life
1390:Taxon identifiers
1381:
1380:
1086:Wagler's toucanet
1079:(green toucanets)
954:(7 countries) at
457:on foxtail palm (
352:
351:
345:
321:
251:), also known as
239:
238:
88:
71:
1794:
1702:
1701:
1689:
1688:
1676:
1675:
1663:
1662:
1650:
1649:
1637:
1636:
1624:
1623:
1611:
1610:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1584:
1572:
1571:
1559:
1558:
1546:
1545:
1533:
1532:
1520:
1519:
1507:
1506:
1494:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1457:
1455:BB0FBBA4DEE10E3C
1445:
1444:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1385:
1265:Gould's toucanet
1250:Guianan toucanet
1223:Saffron toucanet
1198:Collared aracari
1163:Lettered aracari
1091:Emerald toucanet
1029:
1022:
1015:
1006:
948:
925:
924:
888:
882:
879:Bursera simaruba
861:
855:
854:
852:
828:
822:
821:
820:on 8 March 2016.
816:. Archived from
802:
796:
791:
789:
772:
763:
757:
756:
746:
733:
710:
709:
707:
705:
694:
688:
687:
659:
650:
644:
643:
641:
622:
616:
611:Josselyn, V.T.,
609:
603:
602:
600:
599:
590:. Archived from
579:
573:
572:
570:
569:
555:
549:
548:
546:
544:
518:
472:
454:
442:
424:Food and feeding
340:
333:
316:
309:
291:
288:are recognized:
235:
206:
103:
102:
82:
65:
60:
59:
33:
21:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1767:Birds of Panama
1747:Birds of Belize
1737:Birds of Mexico
1712:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1632:
1629:Observation.org
1627:
1619:
1614:
1606:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1502:
1497:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1440:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1392:
1382:
1377:
1375:List of toucans
1368:
1321:
1311:
1284:
1274:
1237:
1227:
1150:
1140:
1078:
1068:
1046:
1033:
956:bird-stamps.org
937:
934:
929:
928:
890:
889:
885:
862:
858:
830:
829:
825:
804:
803:
799:
787:
770:
765:
764:
760:
744:
735:
734:
713:
703:
701:
696:
695:
691:
676:10.2307/4083886
657:
652:
651:
647:
624:
623:
619:
610:
606:
597:
595:
581:
580:
576:
567:
565:
557:
556:
552:
542:
540:
520:
519:
512:
507:
495:
487:hemochromatosis
483:
476:
473:
464:
455:
446:
443:
426:
417:
401:
388:
380:zygodactyl feet
357:
282:
277:
214:
208:
202:
189:
97:
89:
72:
63:Near Threatened
61:
57:
50:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
1800:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1690:
1677:
1664:
1651:
1638:
1625:
1612:
1599:
1586:
1573:
1560:
1547:
1534:
1521:
1508:
1495:
1485:
1472:
1459:
1446:
1433:
1418:
1402:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1322:(true toucans)
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1121:Tepui toucanet
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1075:Aulacorhynchus
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1009:
1003:
1002:
992:
980:
974:
964:
958:
949:
933:
932:External links
930:
927:
926:
883:
856:
823:
797:
790:on 2005-12-31.
758:
711:
689:
670:(2): 381–396.
645:
617:
604:
574:
550:
509:
508:
506:
503:
494:
491:
482:
479:
478:
477:
474:
467:
465:
456:
449:
447:
444:
437:
425:
422:
416:
413:
400:
397:
387:
384:
356:
353:
350:
349:
346:
334:
326:
325:
322:
310:
302:
301:
298:
295:
281:
278:
276:
273:
237:
236:
228:
227:
221:
220:
216:
215:
209:
198:
197:
191:
190:
183:
181:
177:
176:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
91:
90:
77:
74:
73:
55:
52:
51:
46:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1799:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1158:Green aracari
1156:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1000:
996:
993:
991:
987:
986:
981:
978:
975:
972:
968:
965:
962:
959:
957:
953:
950:
946:
945:
940:
936:
935:
931:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
887:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
867:
860:
857:
851:
846:
842:
838:
834:
827:
824:
819:
815:
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162:Ramphastidae
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1616:Neotropical
1551:iNaturalist
1422:Wikispecies
1354:Toco toucan
875:gumbo-limbo
582:Developer.
543:12 November
409:rainforests
355:Description
257:keel toucan
219:Subspecies
81:Appendix II
1727:Ramphastos
1716:Categories
1694:Xeno-canto
1318:Ramphastos
1234:Selenidera
999:Xeno-canto
899:(3): 194.
871:Annonaceae
598:2016-11-08
568:2022-01-14
505:References
481:Aviculture
297:Subspecies
286:subspecies
280:Subspecies
173:Ramphastos
152:Piciformes
40:Costa Rica
793:Also Here
563:cites.org
463:), Belize
430:nestlings
225:See text
180:Species:
118:Kingdom:
112:Eukaryota
1668:Species+
1595:22682102
1569:10464258
1468:22682102
1463:BirdLife
1407:Wikidata
1281:Andigena
921:86540764
913:30136901
415:Breeding
392:canopies
158:Family:
132:Chordata
128:Phylum:
122:Animalia
108:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
1647:1030674
1621:kebtou1
1530:2478771
1517:kebtou1
1491:kebtou1
1450:Avibase
1063:Species
755:: 1–43.
704:5 March
684:4083886
663:The Auk
373:Molting
369:plumage
362:keratin
168:Genus:
148:Order:
138:Class:
83: (
66: (
1660:403470
1608:322582
1582:554307
1413:Q47501
1037:family
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911:
873:) and
843:: 56.
682:
493:Status
405:flocks
344:, 1854
320:, 1830
318:Lesson
269:Belize
265:toucan
213:, 1830
211:Lesson
1686:15356
1634:70872
1564:IRMNG
1556:18796
1512:eBird
1504:6WR6G
1488:BOW:
1481:97949
1053:Genus
917:S2CID
909:JSTOR
863:E.g.
788:(PDF)
771:(PDF)
745:(PDF)
680:JSTOR
658:(PDF)
342:Gould
294:Image
259:, or
85:CITES
79:CITES
1673:9305
1603:NCBI
1590:IUCN
1577:ITIS
1525:GBIF
1476:BOLD
706:2013
545:2021
537:2021
367:The
284:Two
241:The
142:Aves
1681:TSA
1538:IBC
1499:CoL
1437:ADW
997:on
988:at
901:doi
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672:doi
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