1597:
54:
406:, inhabitants voted for the ANC. Most residents worked in the informal economy as cleaners or construction labourers. By the mid-2000s, there was a crumbling community hall and a self-managed creche, but the city had stopped emptying the latrines and only five were working on the entire site. The lack of decent roads meant that rubbish was rarely collected by the municipality and there were only five taps with running water. Around 40 percent of the site was connected to electricity, often illegally, which led to frequent shack fires.
84:
2069:
486:, eThekwini Municipality planned to relocate inhabitants of Kennedy Road to alleviate overcrowding. In 2021, the municipality claimed it had been unable to aid recent victims of shack fires because workers had been attacked. It assessed that 483 shacks had been destroyed, displacing 781 people, including 135 children. Survivors of the fire told how difficult it was for them having lost possessions such as identification papers and birth certificates.
344:
466:
arrested 12 members of AbM and put them on trial for offences ranging from murder to public violence, whilst Zikode and other AbM leaders went into hiding. The trial later collapsed. The Socio-Economic Rights
Institute of South Africa said that the "charges were based on evidence which now appears almost certainly to have been manufactured". Sociologist
91:
61:
461:
On 26 September 2009, it was reported that a group of about 40 people wielding guns and knives attacked an
Abahlali baseMjondolo youth meeting. The attackers demolished residents' homes and two people were killed in the resulting violence. The attacks continued through Tuesday 28 September 2009. It
430:
to demand the release of the "Kennedy Road 14". After 10 days, the arrestees were all released and permission was sought for a legal protest march, which occurred two weeks later on 13 May 2005. Over 3,000 people from
Kennedy Road and other informal settlements marched to demand better amenities;
465:
The attacks garnered national and international condemnation. The Centre on
Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE) in Geneva issued a statement that expressed "grave concern about reports of organized intimidation and threats to members of advocacy group, Abahlali baseMjondolo". The police then
409:
By 2005, the
Kennedy Road Development Committee (KRDC) was pressuring local councillors to improve living conditions and believed it had secured a promise from the director of housing of eThekwini Municipality of extra land. Aoibheann O'Sullivan, an Irish film-maker, produced the 16-minute
391:(eThekwini). Reports state that the site has been occupied since the late 1970s or early 1980s. Various attempts to force people off the land were met with resistance; by the late 1980s, the city had accepted the permanency of the settlement.
1230:
431:
this second march led to visits from city officials but no actual improvements. By
September the latrines had been emptied but no new land was provided. Out of these protests, a city-wide movement of shack dwellers was formed known as
1199:
374:
but amenities were not improved. The site is mostly not connected to sanitation or electricity. Dissatisfaction with local councillors led to 2005 protests including a road blockade, out of which the shack dwellers movemment
462:
was reported by independent local and international academics as well as members of the AbM that the attackers were affiliated with the local branch of the ANC and that the attack was sanctioned by the local police.
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1222:
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379:(AbM) formed. In 2009, an AbM meeting was attacked resulting in two deaths and a court case. More recently, the municipality has improved facilities and promised to relocate inhabitants.
829:
422:
When
Kennedy Road inhabitants saw that the land they had been promised was in fact being developed, they became angry. On 19 March 2005, around 800 people from the settlement blocked
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1965:
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53:
1332:
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116:
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470:
has argued that the attack on
Abahlali baseMjondolo at the Kennedy Road settlement was linked to the movement's successful challenge to the so-called '
696:
Maharaj, B. 2002, 'Segregation, Desegregation and De-racialisation: Racial
Politics and the City of Durban', in B. Freund & V. Padayachee (eds),
1037:
83:
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The
Kennedy Road informal settlement is located on a steep hillside between a large rubbish dump and the Clare Estate, a suburb of
2197:
2098:
1290:
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and held it against the police for four hours, resulting in 14 arrests. Over a thousand people marched to the police station in
2212:
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that same year. It juxtaposed claims made by local councillor Yacoob Baig with responses from residents of Kennedy Road.
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402:(ANC) mentioned Kennedy Road by name as it pledged to improve informal settlements across the country. In the
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2008:
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in South Africa. Formed in the late 1970s or early 1980s, the settlement was mentioned by the
783:
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2003:
1998:
1993:
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Cities with ‘Slums’: From Informal Settlement Eradication to a Right To The City In Africa
1847:
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782:
Hall, Budd L.; Clover, Darlene E.; Crowther, Jim; Scandrett, Eurig (12 February 2013).
436:
296:
285:
265:
584:"Struggle Is a School: The Rise of a Shack Dwellers' Movement in Durban, South Africa"
2191:
2139:
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1913:
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151:
960:"Joint Statement on the attacks on the Kennedy Road Informal Settlement in Durban"
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1852:
1831:
1501:
1491:
1391:
2113:
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1406:
714:"Unsafe paraffin stoves are still being widely used in South Africa, but why?"
435:(AbM). As of 2009, the settlement was home to approximately 7,000 people and
131:
118:
2038:
1750:
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1471:
1315:
Report on the Attack on Abahlali baseMjondolo in the Kennedy Road settlement
851:
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395:
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325:
229:
2093:
1918:
1857:
1811:
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1700:
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1466:
1223:"Officials believe Kennedy Road informal settlement fire was intentional"
1943:
1556:
1541:
1526:
1396:
908:"Kennedy Road Development Committee Attacked – People Have Been Killed"
785:
Learning and Education for a Better World: The Role of Social Movements
1928:
1436:
1371:
822:"Unrest in South African shanty towns – ready to host the World Cup?"
388:
359:
330:
1288:'Towards delivery and dignity: Community struggle from Kennedy Road'
1867:
1192:"eThekwini explains delayed response to Kennedy Road fire victims"
343:
342:
1305:
The Work of Violence:a timeline of armed attacks at Kennedy Road
907:
1947:
1328:
447:
choir, also lived there until the 2009 attacks displaced them.
1595:
1012:"Democracy's Everyday Death – The Country's Quiet Coup"
661:
A Turbulent South Africa: Post-apartheid Social Protest
542:"A Durban shack dweller's movement tells of ANC's woes"
1319:
Development Planning Unit of University College London
852:"The Dlamini King Brothers Sing Abahlali baseMjondolo"
712:
Van Niekerk, Ashley; Kimemia, David (11 August 2018).
439:, elected leader of AbM, lived in the settlement. The
788:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 15.
2153:
2122:
2076:
1981:
1901:
1840:
1784:
1618:
1607:
1379:
1161:"Kennedy Road residents to benefit from relocation"
699:(D)Urban vortex: A South African City in Transition
324:
316:
305:
294:
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272:
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195:
190:
182:
177:
167:
157:
147:
39:
746:Popular Media, Democracy and Development in Africa
29:Informal settlement in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
962:. Professor John Dugard SC, et al. Archived from
626:"Experiences Of Abahlali Basemjondolo In Durban"
1054:Radio 786, 1 May 2010, Abahlali Stands Defended
702:, University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg.
1959:
1340:
1309:School of Development Studies Research Report
8:
505:
503:
501:
499:
1254:"Kennedy Road fire victims' future unclear"
212:Racial makeup of informal settlement (2011)
1966:
1952:
1944:
1615:
1347:
1333:
1325:
653:
651:
36:
1252:Zungu, Sinenhlanhla (27 September 2021).
1221:Zungu, Sinenhlanhla (28 September 2021).
1190:Zungu, Sinenhlanhla (29 September 2021).
1141:University of Cape Town Press, Cape Town
986:"Academics condemn attack on settlement"
882:"Two dead in informal settlement attack"
482:In 2020, as part of its response to the
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
495:
323:
263:
210:
189:
176:
146:
111:
45:
1264:from the original on 31 December 2021
1233:from the original on 31 December 2021
1202:from the original on 22 November 2021
1118:from the original on 20 February 2019
992:from the original on 24 February 2011
914:from the original on 12 December 2010
888:from the original on 29 November 2021
624:Vartak, Malavika (14 December 2009).
582:Pithouse, Richard (1 February 2006).
347:2008 dance festival at the settlement
315:
304:
293:
282:
271:
252:
237:
226:
215:
202:
194:
181:
166:
156:
7:
2104:Marikana land occupation (Cape Town)
1299:Journal of Asian and African Studies
1086:from the original on 5 November 2021
832:from the original on 30 January 2022
802:from the original on 30 January 2022
763:from the original on 30 January 2022
743:Wasserman, Herman (4 October 2010).
678:from the original on 30 January 2022
636:from the original on 30 January 2022
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
90:
60:
34:Place in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
1357:eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality
862:from the original on 5 January 2022
724:from the original on 12 August 2018
404:1999 South African general election
186:0.10 km (0.04 sq mi)
1171:from the original on 14 April 2020
658:Tournadre, Jérôme (1 March 2018).
25:
2109:Marikana land occupation (Durban)
1301:, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 41–61.
934:"'Attackers associated with ANC'"
540:Patel, Khadija (4 October 2012).
484:COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
2099:Macassar Village land occupation
2067:
1159:Magubane, Thami (7 April 2020).
1066:"The pedagogy of road blockades"
1018:from the original on 4 June 2011
552:from the original on 9 June 2021
521:from the original on 17 May 2019
362:(eThekwini), in the province of
89:
82:
59:
52:
18:Kennedy Road informal settlement
474:' in the Constitutional Court.
412:Kennedy Road and the Councillor
207:55,000/km (140,000/sq mi)
1:
2169:Dlamini King Brothers (choir)
1600:eThekwini within South Africa
2208:Shanty towns in South Africa
2175:No Land! No House! No Vote!
2145:No Land! No House! No Vote!
1136:Marie Huchzermeyer, (2011).
2244:
749:. Routledge. p. 147.
664:. SUNY Press. p. 62.
454:
2065:
1593:
1367:
910:. Abahlali baseMjondolo.
400:African National Congress
368:African National Congress
132:29.8114917°S 30.9796417°E
112:
73:Show map of KwaZulu-Natal
46:
1106:""Kennedy 12" Acquitted"
936:. News24. Archived from
511:"Sub Place Kennedy Road"
103:Show map of South Africa
2198:Housing in South Africa
370:(ANC) after the end of
137:-29.8114917; 30.9796417
2213:Squats in South Africa
2135:Death of Nqobile Nzuza
2130:Attack on Kennedy Road
1601:
457:Attack on Kennedy Road
348:
2228:Abahlali baseMjondolo
2218:Slums in South Africa
1975:Abahlali baseMjondolo
1599:
1146:25 April 2012 at the
1064:Harley, Anne (2014).
451:September 2009 attack
441:Dlamini King Brothers
433:Abahlali baseMjondolo
377:Abahlali baseMjondolo
346:
2089:Kennedy Road, Durban
1317:by Malavika Vartak,
204: • Density
1293:3 June 2016 at the
594:on 10 December 2006
356:informal settlement
128: /
2019:Mnikelo Ndabankulu
1602:
966:on 18 October 2013
468:Marie Huchzermeyer
418:2005 road blockade
349:
317: • Other
196: • Total
183: • Total
2203:Suburbs of Durban
2185:
2184:
2009:Lindokuhle Mnguni
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1286:Bryant, J. 2008,
1044:on 5 October 2011
940:on 5 January 2010
795:978-94-6091-979-4
756:978-1-136-91161-3
671:978-1-4384-6978-2
394:After the end of
341:
340:
16:(Redirected from
2235:
2223:Housing protests
2084:eKhenana Commune
2071:
2070:
2004:Bandile Mdlalose
1999:Nokuthula Mabaso
1994:Martin Legassick
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1945:
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1040:. Archived from
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828:. 23 July 2009.
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162:KwaZulu-Natal
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123:30°58′46.71″E
120:29°48′41.37″S
113:Coordinates:
85:
55:
38:
32:
27:
19:
2174:
2162:Dear Mandela
2161:
2088:
2024:Ayanda Ngila
2014:Louisa Motha
1914:Athlone Park
1893:Winston Park
1848:Botha's Hill
1827:Sea Cow Lake
1802:Durban North
1686:Mount Vernon
1587:Winklespruit
1582:Warner Beach
1547:Umbogintwini
1457:Illovo Beach
1442:EkuPhakameni
1417:Chesterville
1402:Buffelsdraai
1370:
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1298:
1266:. Retrieved
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964:the original
954:
944:29 September
942:. Retrieved
938:the original
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918:28 September
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514:
481:
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445:isicathamiya
421:
411:
410:documentary
408:
393:
386:
352:Kennedy Road
351:
350:
168:Municipality
152:South Africa
97:Kennedy Road
67:Kennedy Road
41:Kennedy Road
31:
26:
2054:S'bu Zikode
2049:Mzonke Poni
1909:Amanzimtoti
1878:Queensburgh
1873:New Germany
1853:Cowies Hill
1832:Umgeni Park
1731:South Beach
1696:North Beach
1681:Morningside
1522:New Germany
1502:Mariannhill
1492:Lamontville
1392:Amanzimtoti
1311:, July 2010
1038:"Radio 786"
515:Census 2011
437:S'bu Zikode
424:Umgeni Road
135: /
2192:Categories
2154:In culture
2114:QQ Section
1924:Lotus Park
1883:Shallcross
1761:Windermere
1711:Prospecton
1646:Cato Manor
1626:Asherville
1609:Suburbs of
1517:Mpumalanga
1477:Kingsburgh
1412:Chatsworth
1407:Cato Ridge
1268:19 January
1237:19 January
1206:19 January
1175:19 January
1090:19 January
866:19 January
836:19 January
806:19 January
767:21 January
728:19 January
682:19 January
640:19 January
630:Scoop News
598:19 January
556:19 January
490:References
455:See also:
191:Population
2039:Raj Patel
1888:Westville
1863:Hillcrest
1771:Woodlands
1766:Woodhaven
1751:uMkumbaan
1721:Ridgeview
1676:Montclair
1661:Greyville
1651:Essenwood
1641:The Bluff
1552:Umbumbulu
1472:Karridene
1447:Hillcrest
1073:Interface
826:France 24
472:Slums Act
396:apartheid
372:apartheid
326:Time zone
172:eThekwini
2094:KwaMashu
1919:Isipingo
1902:Southern
1858:Gillitts
1812:La Lucia
1807:KwaMashu
1797:Broadway
1785:Northern
1741:Sydenham
1726:Sherwood
1701:Overport
1691:Musgrave
1671:Mayville
1666:Kenville
1656:Glenwood
1631:Bellaire
1572:Umkomaas
1567:Umhlanga
1562:Umgababa
1537:Pinetown
1497:Mapumulo
1487:La Mercy
1482:KwaMashu
1467:Inchanga
1432:Drummond
1427:Doonside
1422:Clermont
1291:Archived
1262:Archived
1231:Archived
1200:Archived
1169:Archived
1144:Archived
1122:2 August
1113:Archived
1081:Archived
1016:Archived
990:Archived
912:Archived
886:Archived
884:. SAPA.
860:Archived
830:Archived
800:Archived
761:Archived
722:Archived
676:Archived
634:Archived
550:Archived
525:23 March
519:Archived
428:Sydenham
230:Coloured
158:Province
1841:Western
1822:Phoenix
1756:Wiggins
1706:Palmiet
1619:Central
1577:Verulam
1557:Umdloti
1542:Tongaat
1532:Phoenix
1527:Ntuzuma
1397:Assagay
383:History
308:English
148:Country
2177:(book)
2164:(film)
2123:Events
2077:Places
1982:People
1929:Umlazi
1746:Umbilo
1611:Durban
1462:Inanda
1452:Illovo
1437:Durban
1372:Durban
1369:Seat:
1321:, 2009
856:SACSIS
792:
753:
668:
398:, the
389:Durban
360:Durban
354:is an
290:26.18%
279:66.23%
268:(2011)
241:Indian
223:99.76%
1868:Kloof
1792:Avoca
1636:Berea
1116:(PDF)
1109:(PDF)
1084:(PDF)
1069:(PDF)
1048:2 May
1022:2 May
996:2 May
970:2 May
443:, an
331:UTC+2
320:3.60%
312:1.63%
301:2.35%
297:Sotho
286:Xhosa
260:0.04%
256:White
249:0.11%
245:Asian
234:0.09%
199:5,455
1270:2022
1239:2022
1208:2022
1177:2022
1124:2011
1092:2022
1050:2010
1024:2010
998:2010
972:2010
946:2009
920:2009
894:2009
868:2022
838:2022
808:2022
790:ISBN
769:2022
751:ISBN
730:2022
684:2022
666:ISBN
642:2022
600:2022
558:2022
527:2019
335:SAST
275:Zulu
178:Area
1258:IOL
1227:IOL
1196:IOL
1165:IOL
718:IOL
358:in
2194::
1359:,
1297:,
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498:^
1967:e
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20:)
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