163:
205:. Included were provisions for the reduction of the superintendent's salary from $ 67,000 to $ 3,000 annually and the delegation of nearly all of the position's authority to the newly created office of the Kentucky Commissioner of Education. Due to an oversight, some of the superintendent's ex-officio board positions remained such as their place on the state fire board and child abuse prevention council.
209:
number of measures to strip the superintendent of his remaining board seats and to abolish the position itself. By early 1992, Stephenson backed down and instead requested that his salary be restored to $ 67,000 as well as be provided an office, staff, and supplies. None of these requests were met, and soon after lawmakers designated the superintendent as only the chief civilian advocate for education.
29:
1913:
159:. However, Bullock would only serve in this position for a year and a half before resigning and calling for a larger salary that was commensurate with the commitment needed for future superintendents to continue their focus on the responsibilities of their office rather than another form of supplementary employment.
217:
Between 1921 and 1992, there were six constitutional amendments on the ballot to either abolish the superintendent's office or remove it as an elected position. However, until 1992 all of these attempts were defeated by the voters. During the
November general election of that year both Amendment #2
138:
to establish the commonwealth's first common school system. This act included the creation of the State
Superintendent of Public Instruction, state board of education, and empowered each county to form their own board of education. Being preceded by only Massachusetts and Michigan, Kentucky was the
208:
The last elected superintendent, John
Stephenson, pushed back against these reforms. After assuming office in 1991, he made a speech in which he threatened to file a lawsuit against the state and proclaimed himself to be the chief school officer of the commonwealth. Lawmakers responded by filing a
218:
and
Amendment #3 contained provisions to abolish the office. Despite Amendment #3 being defeated, Amendment #2 passed with 540,156 votes (51.1%) and successfully abolished both the office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction and Register of Land Office. According to
1452:
225:
In 1993, Stephenson appealed to have the superintendent reinstated as a constitutional officer. This effort did not succeed, and on April 19, 1993, Kentucky's
Superintendent of Public Instruction was removed from the commonwealth's payroll.
154:
as
Kentucky's first Superintendent of Public Instruction. The appointment of Bullock was the first in a trend for the early superintendents to be chosen from the ranks of religious leadership such as Hubbard Hinde Kavanaugh and
932:
186:. Alongside this distinction, Breckenridge is also credited as the most effective and impactful of the early superintendents and has been cited as the father of Kentucky's public schools.
139:
third state in the nation to pass such measures. Per statute, the superintendent would be appointed to a two-year term by the governor and approved by the
1067:
222:
Chris Gorman, the amendment was self-executing and immediately eliminated the offices upon their passage, a fact that was contested by John
Stephenson.
1152:
1886:
1421:
1040:
1091:
1762:
999:
131:
1238:
451:
351:
111:
1934:
1963:
110:
that served as the chief school official of the commonwealth until the position's responsibilities were transferred to the
1600:
330:
179:
1282:
859:
885:
219:
175:
42:
915:
674:
1923:
843:
166:
Superintendent Robert
Jefferson Breckenridge (1847–1853) has been cited as the "Father of Kentucky's public schools."
1671:"Appointments are Announced: Prof. McHenry Rhoades and Prof. Coates of Richmond are Elected as State Supervisors".
335:
1184:
135:
190:
171:
143:. The superintendent was chiefly responsible for clerical duties, and was paid a salary of $ 1,000 per year.
1806:
1339:
Necrological
Reports and Annual Proceedings of the Alumni Association of Princeton Theological Seminary
1209:
128:
1555:"The Democrats Win - State Contest Board Decides in Favor of the Contestants, who Qualify at Once".
1119:
Steffy, Bett E. (January 1992). "The Last of the Breed in
Kentucky: An Interview with John Brock".
178:
who would be elected to serve a term of four years. The first elected superintendent was incumbent
1367:
1539:
1541:
History of Education in Kentucky - Bulletin of Kentucky Department of Education Volume 7, No. 4
1716:
1290:
1160:
286:
256:
202:
156:
151:
78:
1341:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton Theological Seminary Alumni Association. 1884. p. 13.
1128:
1068:"On shaky ground: How did Kentucky's watershed education reform act hold up after 30 years?"
894:
746:
147:
140:
1641:"V. O. Gilbert - Leading Democratic Candidate for Superintendent of Public Instruction".
883:
Vaughn, W. H. (March 1946). "Robert J. Breckinridge, Pioneer Educational Administrator".
1368:"Robert Carter Richardson · Civil War Governors of Kentucky Digital Documentary Edition"
193:
was ratified the superintendent was limited to serve non-consecutive, four year terms.
183:
57:
1861:
162:
1957:
1626:"Barksdale Hamlett - Educator Candidate for Superintendent for Public Instruction".
1185:"Informational Bulletin No. 171 - The Executive Branch of Kentucky State Government"
1314:
933:"Oldham History | Nationally known church leader helped guide Kentucky education"
1132:
28:
898:
1787:"Fac-Simile of Official Ballot - Regular Election Tuesday November 4, 1947".
1294:
1164:
1153:"State Superintendent Battling For the Trappings of His Constitutional Post"
1912:
1862:"The Political Graveyard: Kentucky: Superintendents of Public Instruction"
1426:(Revised ed.). New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1900. p. 597.
107:
957:
1544:. Frankfort, Kentucky: Kentucky Department of Education. p. 173.
1732:"Fac-Simile of Official Ballot, Election Tuesday November 5, 1935".
1587:
A History of Eastern Kentucky University: The School of Opportunity
1025:
Kleber, John E.; Clark, Thomas D.; Klotter, James C., eds. (1992).
958:"Benjamin Bosworth Smith: Kentucky Pioneer Clergyman and Educator"
161:
201:
In 1990, the Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA) was signed by
1523:"The Great Convention - A Full Ticket Named by the Democracy".
1906:
1846:"Ginger Ordered to Discipline Violators of Solicitation Law".
182:, who had been appointed to the position in 1847 by Governor
1811:
Eastern Kentucky University Special Collections and Archives
1190:. Frankfort, Kentucky: Legislative Research Commission. 2002
1721:. Kentucky Department of Education. 1938. pp. 15–109.
1930:
114:
in 1990. The position was abolished by voters in 1992.
1937:
to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
1850:. Middlesboro, Kentucky. October 30, 1975. p. 1.
1690:. Whitesburg, Kentucky. September 1, 1927. p. 2.
848:. Kentucky Department of Education. 1938. p. 12.
1791:. Olive Hill, Kentucky. October 30, 1947. p. 7.
1736:. Olive Hill, Kentucky. October 24, 1935. p. 6.
1705:. Olive Hill, Kentucky. October 29, 1931. p. 1.
1239:"1992 Kentucky Constitutional Amendment Vote Totals"
92:
84:
74:
66:
56:
48:
38:
21:
1315:"CentreCyclopedia - Robert Jefferson Breckinridge"
1835:. Harlan, Kentucky. October 24, 1971. p. 11.
1441:. Shelbyville, Kentucky. May 15, 1867. p. 2.
1283:"State Journal: And now no pay; Voucher slapping"
1887:"Alice McDonald wants conviction to be expunged"
1751:. Olive Hill, Kentucky. May 11, 1939. p. 2.
1686:"This is the Way They Will Appear in November".
1410:. Frankfort, Kentucky. July 31, 1863. p. 3.
1395:. Frankfort, Kentucky. July 23, 1859. p. 2.
1219:. Legislative Research Commission. December 2004
1589:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 21–28.
1047:. Courier-Journal Printing Co. 1891. p. 39
962:The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society
1656:"Republican Speaking: Hon. George W. Colvin".
1041:"Constitution of the Commonwealth of Kentucky"
1747:"Announces for Supt. of Public Instruction".
1718:A Century of Education in Kentucky, 1838-1938
1601:"Death Claims Dr. T. J. Coates, Eastern Head"
1495:Well Known Confederates and their War Records
845:A Century of Education in Kentucky, 1838-1938
104:Kentucky Superintendent of Public Instruction
22:Kentucky Superintendent of Public Instruction
8:
1029:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 120.
1767:Western Kentucky University Kentucky Museum
1423:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
1121:International Journal of Educational Reform
1004:Western Kentucky University Kentucky Musuem
983:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 24.
920:. New York: General Education Board. 1922.
174:, the superintendent was made a statewide
1807:"Historical Note: Robert, Richard Martin"
1097:. Kentucky Chamber of Commerce. June 2016
1092:"A Citizen's Guide to Kentucky Education"
860:"Moments in Kentucky Legislative History"
233:
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18:
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1144:
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1114:
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7:
1482:. Frankfort, Kentucky. May 13, 1871.
1372:test.discovery.civilwargovernors.org
1264:"Superintendent off State Payroll".
1000:"Your Democratic Candidates for '63"
994:
992:
990:
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832:
830:
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33:Seal of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
16:Defunct political office of Kentucky
1922:needs additional or more specific
1763:"Time for Change! Vote Republican"
981:A History of Education in Kentucky
170:Following the ratification of the
112:Kentucky Commissioner of Education
14:
1660:. September 18, 1919. p. 14.
1406:"Union Democratic State Ticket".
1243:Kentucky State Board of Elections
956:Insko, W. Robert (January 1971).
1911:
1538:Hamlett, Barksdale (July 1914).
1493:Mickle, William English (1907).
27:
1574:. December 24, 1902. p. 4.
1559:. February 28, 1900. p. 2.
1210:"Informational Bulletin No. 59"
1675:. November 4, 1910. p. 1.
1607:. February 23, 1928. p. 1
1:
1354:The Louisville Daily Democrat
1352:"Democratic State Nominees".
968:(1): 37–86 – via JSTOR.
331:Robert Jefferson Breckenridge
197:Kentucky Education Reform Act
180:Robert Jefferson Breckenridge
1645:. August 5, 1915. p. 3.
1525:Cloverport Breckenridge News
1510:Cloverport Breckenridge News
1459:. January 5, 1912. p. 1
1356:. March 21, 1855. p. 2.
1268:. April 20, 1993. p. 3.
917:Public Education in Kentucky
886:Peabody Journal of Education
43:State constitutional officer
1833:The Harlan Daily Enterprise
1630:. June 16, 1911. p. 3.
1512:. June 11, 1879. p. 2.
1408:The Tri-Weekly Commonwealth
1391:"Democratic State Ticket".
1151:Harp, Lonnie (1992-01-29).
448:William Jefferson Davidson
106:was a public office of the
62:Four years, non-consecutive
1980:
1527:. May 20, 1891. p. 2.
1480:Tri-Weekly Kentucky Yeoman
1393:Tri-Weekly Kentucky Yeoman
1133:10.1177/105678799200100105
979:Ellis, William E. (2011).
392:Zachariah Frederick Smith
203:Governor Wallace Wilkinson
191:1891 Kentucky constitution
172:1850 Kentucky constitution
1027:The Kentucky Encyclopedia
899:10.1080/01619564609535989
364:Robert Carter Richardson
220:Kentucky Attorney General
146:Governor Clark appointed
136:Kentucky General Assembly
26:
1658:Lancaster Central Record
1628:Lancaster Central Record
272:Hubbard Hinde Kavanaugh
108:Commonwealth of Kentucky
931:Theiss, Nancy Stearns.
864:apps.legislature.ky.gov
464:Harry Vernon McChesney
406:Howard A. M. Henderson
287:Benjamin Bosworth Smith
230:List of superintendents
157:Benjamin Bosworth Smith
134:approved an act of the
1866:politicalgraveyard.com
1848:Middlesboro Daily News
176:constitutional officer
167:
127:On February 16, 1838,
1964:Education in Kentucky
1805:Hay, Charles (1997).
1701:"Democratic Ticket".
1570:"Items of Interest".
1508:"Democratic Ticket".
1478:"Democratic Ticket".
1437:"Democratic Ticket".
506:Ellsworth Regenstein
420:Joseph Desha Pickett
348:John Daniel Matthews
165:
1789:Carter County Herald
1749:Carter County Herald
1734:Carter County Herald
1703:Carter County Herald
1585:Ellis, Bill (2005).
1891:The Courier-Journal
1673:The Winchester News
1439:The Shelby Sentinel
1072:The Courier-Journal
937:The Courier-Journal
804:John A. Stephenson
646:Boswell B. Hodgkin
632:John Fred Williams
434:Ed Portor Thompson
235:
1688:The Mountain Eagle
1217:Citizens in Charge
762:Raymond H. Barber
718:Wendell P. Butler
690:Wendell P. Butler
660:Wendell P. Butler
590:James H. Richmond
520:Barksdale Hamlett
492:John Grant Crabbe
316:Ryland T. Dillard
234:
168:
1952:
1951:
1935:adding categories
1831:"Sample Ballot".
1135:– via SAGE.
814:
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548:George W. Colvin
378:Daniel Stevenson
257:Joseph J. Bullock
152:Joseph J. Bullock
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79:Joseph J. Bullock
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1289:. 1993-05-05.
1287:Education Week
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607:Democratic
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576:W. C. Bell
565:Democratic
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495:Republican
481:Democratic
467:Democratic
437:Democratic
423:Democratic
409:Democratic
395:Democratic
381:Democratic
367:Democratic
132:James Clark
58:Term length
1924:categories
1896:2024-07-12
1871:2024-07-17
1377:2024-07-12
1324:2024-07-17
1300:2024-06-19
1170:2024-07-12
1077:2024-06-28
942:2024-08-28
869:2024-09-18
817:References
810:1991–1992
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426:1880–1888
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352:Democratic
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278:1839–1840
264:1838–1839
150:clergyman
1295:0277-4232
1165:0277-4232
213:Abolition
189:When the
93:Abolished
67:Formation
1958:Category
1931:help out
1816:June 19,
1772:July 16,
1611:July 17,
1463:July 13,
1249:June 19,
1223:June 19,
1194:July 13,
1101:June 19,
1051:July 12,
1010:July 12,
129:Governor
1929:Please
1453:"Death"
118:History
52:Defunct
1293:
1245:. 1992
1163:
1006:. 1963
245:Party
49:Status
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242:Name
1818:2024
1774:2024
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1291:ISSN
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