17:
76:
with ketolides, which are used to treat serious infections, the more powerful drugs (ketolides) were the more "leaky" in blocking the production of proteins. The researchers were surprised to discover that ketolides, which are known to be better antibiotics, allow for many more proteins to be made
77:
compared to the older, less efficient macrolides. As a result, it is now believed that allowing cells to make some proteins could be much more damaging for a microbe than not letting it make any proteins at all. The findings may point the way to better and more potent antibiotics.
205:
72:
by binding to ribosomal subunits and may also inhibit the formation of newly forming ribosomes. According to a recent study comparing the action of the classic macrolides erythromycin and
198:
191:
1001:
183:
57:
ring. These modifications give ketolides much broader spectrum than other macrolides. Moreover, ketolides are effective against
1045:
109:
1018:
218:
58:
950:
65:
as well as having a structural modification that makes them poor substrates for efflux-pump mediated resistance.
469:
1006:
352:
706:
610:
261:
659:
288:
105:
143:
930:
926:
495:
156:
69:
978:
922:
550:
969:
964:
676:
545:
540:
1012:
829:
759:
744:
505:
390:
378:
256:
1039:
974:
918:
910:
872:
862:
834:
814:
804:
799:
764:
749:
686:
681:
605:
570:
358:
121:
113:
93:
81:
20:
958:
954:
882:
819:
789:
754:
724:
560:
535:
520:
510:
500:
474:
415:
363:
310:
283:
273:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
73:
38:
944:
890:
867:
794:
779:
774:
691:
578:
555:
530:
525:
515:
490:
334:
305:
89:
940:
900:
895:
844:
824:
809:
784:
739:
734:
668:
639:
619:
439:
434:
425:
420:
405:
400:
348:
300:
214:
30:
769:
729:
716:
649:
644:
634:
629:
624:
455:
410:
373:
368:
339:
329:
319:
117:
50:
42:
34:
160:
16:
324:
295:
62:
839:
54:
936:
46:
15:
187:
112:
were removed as indications when it was recognized that use of
596:
247:
61:, due to their ability to bind at two sites at the bacterial
144:"Telithromycin: a brief review of a new ketolide antibiotic"
173:
Bertram G. Katzung, Susan B. Masters, Anthony J. Trevor
909:
881:
853:
715:
704:
667:
658:
604:
595:
569:
483:
468:
448:
387:
270:
255:
246:
142:
80:The only ketolide on the market at this moment is
104:Ketolides are used to treat community-acquired
199:
8:
712:
664:
601:
480:
267:
252:
206:
192:
184:
177:McGraw-Hill 2009 via "accessmedicine.com"
88:. Other ketolides in development include
84:, which is sold under the brand name of
133:
175:Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 11e
7:
37:group. Ketolides are derived from
14:
149:Journal of Drugs in Dermatology
707:transpeptidation/translocation
1:
110:respiratory tract infections
59:macrolide-resistant bacteria
141:Scheinfeld, N (July 2004).
1062:
996:
951:Quinupristin/dalfopristin
219:inhibit protein synthesis
470:Tetracycline antibiotics
49:and attaching a cyclic
23:
19:
1046:Ketolide antibiotics
660:Peptidyl transferase
41:by substituting the
289:Dihydrostreptomycin
106:bacterial pneumonia
1023:Never to phase III
24:
1033:
1032:
992:
991:
988:
987:
700:
699:
591:
590:
587:
586:
496:Chlortetracycline
464:
463:
70:protein synthesis
33:belonging to the
1053:
713:
665:
602:
551:Rolitetracycline
481:
268:
253:
208:
201:
194:
185:
178:
171:
165:
164:
146:
138:
68:Ketolides block
1061:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1013:Clinical trials
984:
970:Streptogramin B
965:Streptogramin A
905:
877:
849:
696:
677:Chloramphenicol
654:
608:
583:
565:
546:Penimepicycline
541:Oxytetracycline
472:
460:
444:
383:
259:
257:Aminoglycosides
242:
212:
182:
181:
172:
168:
140:
139:
135:
130:
102:
12:
11:
5:
1059:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1010:
1004:
998:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
986:
985:
983:
982:
972:
967:
962:
948:
934:
915:
913:
911:Streptogramins
907:
906:
904:
903:
898:
893:
887:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
870:
865:
859:
857:
851:
850:
848:
847:
842:
837:
832:
830:Troleandomycin
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
760:Flurithromycin
757:
752:
747:
745:Clarithromycin
742:
737:
732:
727:
721:
719:
710:
702:
701:
698:
697:
695:
694:
689:
684:
679:
673:
671:
662:
656:
655:
653:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
616:
614:
599:
593:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
582:
581:
575:
573:
571:Glycylcyclines
567:
566:
564:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
506:Demeclocycline
503:
498:
493:
487:
485:
478:
466:
465:
462:
461:
459:
458:
452:
450:
446:
445:
443:
442:
437:
431:
430:
429:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
397:
395:
391:Micromonospora
385:
384:
382:
381:
379:Nourseothricin
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
345:
344:
343:
342:
337:
332:
327:
316:
315:
314:
313:
308:
303:
292:
291:
286:
280:
278:
265:
250:
244:
243:
215:Antibacterials
213:
211:
210:
203:
196:
188:
180:
179:
166:
132:
131:
129:
126:
116:can result in
101:
98:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1058:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
980:
976:
975:Virginiamycin
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
960:
956:
952:
949:
946:
942:
938:
935:
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:Pristinamycin
917:
916:
914:
912:
908:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
886:
884:
880:
874:
873:Solithromycin
871:
869:
866:
864:
863:Telithromycin
861:
860:
858:
856:
852:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
835:Tulathromycin
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
815:Telithromycin
813:
811:
808:
806:
805:Solithromycin
803:
801:
800:Roxithromycin
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
765:Gamithromycin
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
750:Dirithromycin
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
720:
718:
714:
711:
708:
703:
693:
690:
688:
687:Thiamphenicol
685:
683:
682:Azidamfenicol
680:
678:
675:
674:
672:
670:
666:
663:
661:
657:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
615:
612:
607:
606:Oxazolidinone
603:
600:
598:
594:
580:
577:
576:
574:
572:
568:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
486:
484:Tetracyclines
482:
479:
476:
471:
467:
457:
454:
453:
451:
447:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
402:
399:
398:
396:
393:
392:
386:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
359:Spectinomycin
357:
354:
350:
347:
346:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
321:
318:
317:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
297:
294:
293:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
279:
276:
275:
269:
266:
263:
258:
254:
251:
249:
245:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
209:
204:
202:
197:
195:
190:
189:
186:
176:
170:
167:
162:
158:
155:(4): 409–13.
154:
150:
145:
137:
134:
127:
125:
123:
122:liver failure
119:
115:
114:telithromycin
111:
107:
99:
97:
95:
94:solithromycin
91:
87:
83:
82:telithromycin
78:
75:
71:
66:
64:
60:
56:
53:group in the
52:
48:
45:sugar with a
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
21:Telithromycin
18:
959:Quinupristin
955:Dalfopristin
883:Lincosamides
854:
820:Tildipirosin
790:Oleandomycin
755:Erythromycin
725:Azithromycin
561:Tetracycline
536:Omadacycline
521:Meclocycline
511:Eravacycline
501:Clomocycline
416:Micronomicin
389:
364:Hygromycin B
353:+loteprednol
311:Ribostamycin
284:Streptomycin
274:Streptomyces
272:
174:
169:
152:
148:
136:
103:
100:Medical uses
85:
79:
74:azithromycin
67:
39:erythromycin
26:
25:
1009:from market
945:Linopristin
891:Clindamycin
868:Cethromycin
795:Rokitamycin
780:Midecamycin
775:Kitasamycin
692:Florfenicol
669:Amphenicols
613:inhibitors)
579:Tigecycline
556:Sarecycline
531:Minocycline
526:Metacycline
516:Lymecycline
491:Doxycycline
335:Bekanamycin
306:Paromomycin
264:inhibitors)
90:cethromycin
31:antibiotics
941:Flopristin
901:Pirlimycin
896:Lincomycin
845:Tylvalosin
825:Tilmicosin
810:Spiramycin
785:Miocamycin
740:Carrimycin
735:Carbomycin
717:Macrolides
640:Ranbezolid
620:Eperezolid
611:initiation
440:Astromicin
435:Verdamicin
426:Isepamicin
421:Plazomicin
406:Netilmicin
401:Gentamicin
349:Tobramycin
301:Framycetin
262:initiation
128:References
47:keto-group
1019:Phase III
1007:Withdrawn
855:Ketolides
770:Josamycin
730:Boromycin
650:Tedizolid
645:Sutezolid
635:Radezolid
630:Posizolid
625:Linezolid
456:Butirosin
411:Sisomicin
374:Apramycin
369:Totomycin
340:Dibekacin
330:Arbekacin
320:Kanamycin
118:hepatitis
51:carbamate
43:cladinose
35:macrolide
27:Ketolides
1040:Category
477:binding)
388:-micin (
325:Amikacin
296:Neomycin
271:-mycin (
161:15303785
108:. Other
63:ribosome
840:Tylosin
55:lactone
1002:WHO-EM
937:NXL103
239:QJ01XQ
159:
705:MLS (
449:other
217:that
86:Ketek
475:tRNA
235:J01G
231:J01F
227:J01B
223:J01A
157:PMID
120:and
92:and
29:are
931:IIB
927:IIA
597:50S
248:30S
1042::
1015::
979:S1
957:,
943:,
929:,
925:,
923:IA
237:,
233:,
229:,
225:,
151:.
147:.
124:.
96:.
981:)
977:(
961:)
953:(
947:)
939:(
933:)
921:(
709:)
609:(
473:(
394:)
355:)
351:(
277:)
260:(
241:)
221:(
207:e
200:t
193:v
163:.
153:3
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