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in place, leaving the chest open as the
Phoenix heart, originally designed to fit into a calf chest, was too big for the chest to be closed after surgery. Sterile wrapping was used to protect the area. Cheng later recounted the time following the procedure and when the Phoenix heart began beating; “Every minute was like a year...I prayed the whole time”. A few hours later, a
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site needed interim surgery with a teflon cuff. 11 hours later, a human heart was used to replace the
Phoenix heart. Cheng recalled that upon examination of the Phoenix heart, after its removal from Creighton's chest, showed no evidence of damage with blood clots. The whole episode became a topic of
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Cheng, Vaughn and a technician transported the artificial heart via helicopter and chartered jet, from
Phoenix airport to the University of Arizona hospital, Phoenix, where Copeland and his team awaited them. Copeland and Vaughn performed the operation and successfully connected the artificial heart
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Cheng had fled China with his family at the age of four, spent his childhood and completed his education in Taiwan and then settled in the United States. His past time of designing artificial hearts took him from Texas to
Phoenix, where he developed artificial hearts for transplantation into cows.
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and veterinarian Peter Bates in 1983, Cheng was given space in a laboratory to carry out experimental work. In 1984, Vaughn and Cheng implanted the first
Phoenix artificial heart in a calf and subsequently performed another three such procedures, with the longest survival of more than 12 hours.
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The next planned artificial heart procedure in 1985, was however cancelled when Vaughn was called to an emergency. Then, on 6 March 1985, Cheng was informed that his artificial heart was needed in desperation by 33-year old Thomas
Creighton, 120 miles away at the
105:. The recipient Thomas Creighton, who was dying from a failing heart, survived the artificial heart operation and 11 hours later a human heart was transplanted. The cause of death less than two days afterwards was not due to the artificial heart.
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Kevin K. Cheng fled China on a boat with his parents at the age of four. They settled in Taiwan, where he became skilled at drawing, building models and then engineering. He gained admission to study medicine at
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and feeling that there may be hope of progressing with his artificial hearts, Cheng moved to
Phoenix and opened a general and reconstructive dental clinic. After being introduced to heart surgeon
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Failing to gain support from the surgeons he spoke to and being unsuccessful in his application for a grant from the
101:. Cheng was a dentist by profession and the Phoenix heart he designed was originally developed to be implanted into a
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at
Galveston to work with people with cancer. The whole time, he continued to build and redesign artificial hearts.
134:, United States. After a few months he found a job as a research associate in the cardiovascular laboratory at the
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and over the next 30 months he designed and built 36 artificial hearts that were implanted in
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97:, first used in a human in 1985 in an emergency in a person whose donor heart was being
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338:
Artificial Hearts: The Allure and
Ambivalence of a Controversial Medical Technology
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407:
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280:"The Doctor's World; Anguish, Hope, a Moment of Fame: A Heart's Story Is Told"
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182:. Creighton had been transplanted a human heart the previous day, by surgeon
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240:, co-authored with James W. Meador, Miguel A. Serrato, and Tetsuzo Akutsu,
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220:"Applications Of The Total Artificial Heart In Cardiovascular Research"
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116:
165:, he by chance met technician Jon Austin at St. Luke's Hospital,
391:"In Vivo and Clinical Study of Phoenix-7 Total Artificial Heart"
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Biomedical
Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications
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The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation,
238:"The Design And Fabrication Of A New Total Artificial Heart"
222:, co-authored with Nagai I, Hongo T, Meador J, Akutsu T,
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365:Spare Parts: Organ Replacement in American Society
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206:In 2006, Vaughn published a fictional book
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423:"The Phoenix Heart by Cy Vaughn (Author)"
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149:in Houston and subsequently moved to the
278:Altman, Lawrence K.; M.d (1985-03-19).
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7:
180:University of Arizona Medical Center
145:In 1978, Cheng decided to go to the
157:The Phoenix total artificial heart
93:(born around 1945), developed the
16:Chinese-American doctor and author
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147:University of Texas Dental School
368:. Routledge. pp. 120–130.
186:, but the donor heart failed.
95:Phoenix total artificial heart
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163:National Institutes of Health
121:Kaohsiung Medical University
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335:McKellar, Shelley (2018).
408:10.4015/S1016237201000170
128:Kaohsiung Medical College
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33:Kaohsiung Medical College
427:www.buybooksontheweb.com
389:Hsu, Cheung-HWA (2001).
362:Fox, Renee C. (2017).
242:Cardiovascular Disease
224:Cardiovascular Disease
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226:, 1976;3(4):408-423,
214:Selected publications
136:Texas Heart Institute
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75:St. Luke's Hospital,
71:Texas Heart Institute
315:Jack G. Copeland, MD
244:, 1977; 4(1): 7–17.
199:discussion with the
151:University of Texas
284:The New York Times
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208:The Phoenix Heart
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459:1985 in medicine
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464:1940s births
430:. Retrieved
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171:Cecil Vaughn
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65:Institutions
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196:anastomosis
448:Categories
432:26 January
321:25 January
297:25 January
256:References
192:blood leak
113:Early life
57:Profession
292:0362-4331
194:from the
103:young cow
29:Education
250:15216130
232:15216143
167:Phoenix
132:Houston
77:Phoenix
60:dentist
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140:calves
434:2019
370:ISBN
343:ISBN
323:2019
299:2019
288:ISSN
246:PMID
228:PMID
403:doi
201:FDA
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