600:(Arabic: جبل الدروز) by introducing administrative and social reforms that were perceived as upending the traditional tribal hierarchy of the area. The arrest by the French of several Druze leaders ignited a full fledge rebellion. In south-east Lebanon, Christian towns and villages were attacked because of the pro-French leanings of Lebanese Christians, many of whom supported the French plan to incorporate the Beqaa into a Greater Lebanon. While the rebellion was eventually defeated, these towns and villages suffered severe damage. Kfarmishki was no exception and most of its houses were destroyed. New houses were subsequently rebuilt with financial assistance from the French Mandatory power, which was secured under the leadership of then-mayor Elia Mikhail Nasrallah. These houses, many of which still stand throughout the village, were built using limestone blocks excavated from local quarries following the traditional Lebanese architectural style, which features a cubic house shape, a triple-arch façade, and a distinctive pyramidal orange-red tiled roof (see photo).
641:. As was the case for other Lebanese, the impetus for early waves of migration was often a desire to escape strife and secure economic opportunities. In the latter half of the twentieth century to the present, an additional impetus was the pursuit of opportunities for educational and professional advancement. In general, members of the Kfarmishki diaspora are well-respected members of their adoptive societies and have succeeded in many fields of work, including business, engineering, academics, medicine, music, and sports.
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unfortunately continues to be, severely degraded by the grazing of goats, which provide villagers with milk and meat. Some of this damage has been reversed in small protected areas that have been forested with trees of oak, cedar, and pine. Due to its location and altitude, the village and surrounding area are characterized by a semi-arid environment: dry and sun-drenched for seven months of the year with precipitation in the form of rain in late fall to early spring and snow in winter.
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markets. A major grape producer in the village, Kamal
Saikaly, owner of Saikaly farms, maintains a grape germplasm consisting of indigenous and introduced varieties. While several varieties (including the native Beitamouni and Tfeifihi varieties) are grown for production of table grapes, other varieties, the native white grape Obaideh in particular, are used for small-scale production of grape molasses (Arabic: دبس), of the distilled anise-flavored liqueur called
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steady sources of water for irrigation. IN addition to digging deep wells, villagers have dug pools for storage of rain and surface water runoff, a practice that was pioneered by
Mikhail Elia Nasrallah in the early 1970s. Many different fruits including apples, pears, cherries, and grapes, as well as vegetables are grown primarily in a fertile plateau called Marj (Arabic: مرج; pasture) and in an area of rugged terrain called Shemiseh (Arabic: شميسه).
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528:. These early migrants reached their destinations penniless and not knowing the country's language. Yet they were able to build successful businesses, which allowed them to send remittances to the families they left behind in Lebanon. The story of Lebanese migrants was celebrated by the Lebanese American poet and philosopher Gibran Khalil Gibran (Arabic: جبران خليل جبران, known in English as
33:
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625:, where the early arrival of the Boushey and Tannous Nasrallah (now Tannis) families was followed by several waves of migration. The community now numbers more than 9,000 individuals and includes the Ayoub, Besharah, Boushey, Nesrallah, Saab, Saikaly, Tannis families. Additionally, smaller Kfarmishki diaspora communities are found in
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The
Kfarmishki youth, working under the Live Love Kfarmishki NGO, have been instrumental in beautification of the village. With the encouragement and guidance of Raja Abdallah, they cleaned village roads and they started a recycling program for plastics and metals. And following up on the painting of
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emissions by over 63,000 cubic meters, and resulting in yearly savings of over $ 12,000. With this project, Kfarmishki became one of the first
Lebanese municipalities to gain energy independence and avoid the frequent electricity blackouts that plague all areas of Lebanon, and at the same time reduce
544:, were unable to control. The conflict persisted even after the Ottomans partitioned Mount Lebanon into Christian and Druze sections on the advice of the representatives of France and Britain, which allied themselves with the Christians and Druzes, respectively. As the conflict spread to the southern
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Another modest source of income derives from small-scale commerce, in which local pantry products [mouneh; Arabic: مونه) are sold at farmers’ markets. These products are also showcased and sold at a yearly festival, typically held in
September, which attracts a large number of visitors and features
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that are highly adapted to the local semi-arid conditions. While these crops are still grown, they have been supplanted by other crops following the introduction in the 1930s of different fruit and nut tree varieties by forward-looking residents such as Elia
Mikhail Nasrallah and the development of
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trees and trees for nut production (almonds, walnuts, and more recently pine nuts) are grown at various locations within and around the village. Notwithstanding this variety of crops, Kfarmishki is best known for its grapes, especially table grape varieties destined for
Lebanese and international
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The village proper is located on a crest with a splendid view of Mount Hermon and overlooks its extensive land holdings consisting of plateaus, small hills, and depressions that contain numerous caves and rock shelters. While some of this land is fertile, a significant portion of it has been, and
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Kfarmishki did not escape the 1860 and 1925 regional conflicts, both of which involved hostilities between
Christians and Druzes. In 1860, initial skirmishes, tit-for-tat murders, and looting between the two groups escalated into a full-fledged and bloody armed conflict which the Ottoman Sultan
682:(Arabic: عرق), and more recently of wine. In recent years, new grape varieties with high market value (such as Crimson and Thompson Seedless) have been introduced which, along with the adoption of modern agricultural practices, are expected to improve the villagers’ income.
316:(“Kfar” ܟܦܪ= village and “mishki” ܡܫܟܝ = leather) and means “leather village” or “tannery village”. This meaning suggests that a major activity of the village in previous eras was leather tanning or at least providing raw animal hides for tanning in nearby villages such as
777:– Lebanese Canadian, born in Ottawa, Canada; violinist, producer, guitarist, composer, and singer-songwriter; co-founder of the Toronto-based instrumental band Sultans of String, one of whose songs is called “Road to Kfarmishki”. His family is originally from Kfarmishki.
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that divided these lands into French- and
British-controlled territories. Under this system, France gained control of Syria and Lebanon, with Lebanon being recognized as an independent entity. This arrangement led to an anti-French uprising that culminated in the
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trees have been planted to re-forest and protect some non-arable areas from the destructive grazing by goats. Also with support from the USAID and cost sharing by the village municipality, a solar farm project was initiated by Raja
Adballah and implemented by
512:. Migrants left to escape these conflicts, in search of political stability, freedoms, and better economic opportunities. Another impetus for migration in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was to evade conscription into
532:): “Let me tell you who are the children of my Lebanon… They are those who migrate with nothing but courage in their hearts and strength in their arms but return with wealth in their hands and a wreath of glory upon their heads.”
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A Kfarmishky house built in the traditional Lebanese architectural style subsequent to the village's destruction during the 1925 Druze revolt. The Roman-era column remnants that flank the stairway were found on the site of the
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The Kfarmishki area, like the rest of the Levant, has been inhabited for millennia. Archaeological sites were discovered within 2 km of Kfarmishki village proper in the 1950s and 1960s by Jesuit Priests, particularly
324:: مشغرة), which still houses some of the largest tanneries in present-day Lebanon. Certainly, leather working and tanning have been practiced in the levant for millennia. The inhabitants of ancient
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industry. Visitors are guided through walking trails in the village, its agricultural lands, and through hiking trails that are expected to connect to the popular Lebanon Mountain Trail
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minority. The year-round population numbers just under 500 villagers and is augmented in summer months by expatriate families returning from their adopted countries, mainly Canada.
847:
Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
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The migrants’ journeys were not always successful, however. In 1912, fourteen villagers intending to join their relatives in Ottawa, crossed the Atlantic on board the ill-fated
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Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
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axes, chisels, scrapers, and picks. Many of the flint picks were badly worn and reduced to small stumps, suggesting that they were used to drill holes, not in wood, but in
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The Ard Es-Saouda site, located 2 km east of Kfarmishki and part of which is owned by Kfarmishki villagers, has been well studied. The area sits on an ancient
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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, massive waves of migration from Lebanon were spurred by major conflicts in the region, particularly the
328:, which was located primarily in the area now occupied by modern Lebanon, were particularly skilled at leather working and, according to the Greek historian
771:– Lebanese Canadian American, born in Ottawa, Canada; singer, songwriter, and actor. His parents were both from Lebanon and his mother was from Kfarmishki.
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Cauvin J. (1969) Mèches en silex et travail du basalte au IVe millénaire en Beqaa (Liban), Mélanges de l'Univeristé Saint Joseph v. 45, pp.115-132. (
283:. This village is located approximately 92 km southeast of Beirut and lies at an altitude of 950–1350 m above sea level on the western slope of
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implements, possibly to make holes for handles in agricultural tools such as hoes. The artifacts collected at Ard Es-Saouda are now housed in the
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Together, these improvements are expected to create sustainable activities that could increase the villagers’ income by supporting a fledgling
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Taylor, G (1971). The Roman temples of Lebanon: a pictorial guide. Les temples romains au Liban; guide illustré. Dar el-Machreq Publishers.
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Copeland, L.; Wescombe, P. (1966). Inventory of Stone-Age Sites in Lebanon: North, South and East-Central Lebanon, p. 23. Impr. Catholique.
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boulders and it was the decomposition of this flow which produced the dark fertile soil that gives the area its name (Arabic: ارض السودا;
444:: Terres Noires; meaning Black Earth). The Neolithic artifacts were found on the surface of fields at this site and consisted mainly of
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murals by street artists from Art-of-Change they painted colorful art on the previously drab walls and steps of concrete buildings.
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According to Anis Frayha's book “A Dictionary of the Names of Towns and Villages in Lebanon", the name Kfarmishki is derived from
492:. Additionally, remnants of Roman-era columns and their sculpted capitals have been found in the village proper (see photo).
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The "Marj" agricultural area with its extensive vineyards. Oak groves appear on hills surrounding the fertile valley.
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trees (for the production of table olives and olive oil, both essential staples of the Lebanese diet), as well as
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Moore, A.M.T. (1978). The Neolithic of the Levant. Oxford University, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. pp. 436–442.
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era (which lasted from approximately 1.5 million years ago to approximately 200,000 years ago), as well as
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Early inhabitants of Kfarmishki practiced subsistence agriculture based primarily on the cultivation of
648:. All but one perished, which is the largest number of Titanic fatalities for any one Lebanese village.
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Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838
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projects. With support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)], oaks (
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panels were installed on top of the school building, producing 87,364 KWH of energy, reducing
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In recent years, an increased environmental awareness by villagers has spurred environmental
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culture dating from approximately 4,000 years BCE were found in abundance in the vicinity of
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414:(Arabic: ارض السودا). Other Neolithic sites were also found a little further afield near
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epoch (approximately 5.4 - 2.4 million years ago). As a result, it is rich in black
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the air and noise pollution previously produced by gasoline and diesel generators.
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food made by locals, music played on traditional instruments, and the traditional
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with Faisal as king. In opposition to this movement, western powers imposed a
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https://www.usj.edu.lb/publications/catalogue/periodique_dtls.htm?perid=13)(
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927:"Stories of Lebanese on the Titanic – Part 3: The People of Kfarmishki"
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and Haoush, that were attacked and saw their houses burned down.
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Dictionary of the Names of Towns and Villages in Lebanon
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Dictionary of the Names of Towns and Villages in Lebanon
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796:"Territorial administration of Lebanon - Localiban"
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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271:: كفرمشكي), is a small mountain authority in the
617:The largest Kfarmishki diaspora community is in
1090:The Roman Temples of Lebanon: A Pictorial Guide
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583:aimed to unify all Arab lands and create the
540:and his appointed governor in Mount Lebanon,
348:noted the population of Kfarmishki as being
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571:marked another period of great upheaval in
267:, also spelled Kfar Mishki or Kfar Mechki (
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909:"You Have Your Lebanon < Khalil Gibran"
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1015:"Sultans of String - Road to Kfar mishki"
735:under the Baladi Project. A total of 206
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
835:"History of Leather - Leather Resource"
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496:The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
352:and "Greek" Christians, now known as
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129:Village in Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon
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1361:Populated places in Rashaya District
55:adding citations to reliable sources
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763:Some People with Kfarmishki Roots
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664:(lentil, chickpea) crops using
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702:Environment and Sustainability
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454:Museum of Lebanese Prehistory
502:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
472:There is ample evidence for
983:"Art for Change in Lebanon"
579:. A movement led by Prince
399:artifacts belonging to the
391:. Artifacts typical of the
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633:(~2,000 individuals), in
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997:"Lebanon Mountain Trail"
488:, which was part of the
410:(Arabic: كوكبا) and in
291:: جبل الشيخ) within the
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613:The Kfarmishki Diaspora
490:Temples of Mount Hermon
458:Saint Joseph University
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1077:Crocker & Brewster
1043:. Librairie du Liban.
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698:(Arabic: دبكة) dance.
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809:Frayha, Anis (1972).
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585:Arab Kingdom of Syria
299:Geography and climate
205:33.51472°N 35.76611°E
985:. November 15, 2019.
508:, and the 1975-1990
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340:In 1838, during the
51:improve this article
1088:Taylor, G. (1971).
1039:Frayha, A. (1997).
945:manhattanroasts.com
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378:The Prehistoric Era
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66:"Kfarmishki"
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1260:(including
1107:, localiban
1105:Kfar Michki
757:agritourism
712:Lebanon oak
569:World War I
522:World War I
393:Paleolithic
240:Governorate
208: /
18:Kfar Mishki
1258:Kfarmechki
1248:Kfar Danis
1215:Beit Lahia
1185:Ain Harcha
1050:0948690690
820:0948690690
782:References
753:ecotourism
718:), cedar (
716:Kermes oak
558:Beit Lahia
542:Omar Pasha
482:sarcophagi
265:Kfarmishki
196:35°45′58″E
193:33°30′53″N
171:Kfarmishki
136:Kfarmishki
77:newspapers
1262:Nebi Safa
1159:Capital:
1067:Smith, E.
769:Paul Anka
666:landraces
639:Argentina
637:, and in
486:Nabi Safa
397:Neolithic
360:, with a
346:Eli Smith
326:Phoenicia
318:Machghara
308:Etymology
107:July 2022
1355:Category
1298:Tannoura
1293:Al-Rafid
1283:Mhaydseh
1253:Kfarfouk
1176:Ain Arab
1069:(1841).
953:cite web
913:4umi.com
627:Montreal
520:entered
434:Pliocene
427:basaltic
252:District
1288:Rashaya
1278:Mdoukha
1243:Kaukaba
1180:Ain Ata
1162:Rashaya
1020:YouTube
726:), and
652:Economy
646:Titanic
573:Lebanon
554:Rashaya
550:Hasbaya
526:Balkans
524:in the
514:Ottoman
420:Rashaya
408:Kaukaba
404:Qaraoun
368:History
342:Ottoman
281:Lebanon
275:of the
233:Lebanon
221:Country
146:Village
139:كفرمشكي
91:scholar
1235:Helwah
1205:Bakifa
1190:Akabeh
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635:Mexico
631:Brazil
623:Canada
619:Ottawa
608:house.
581:Faisal
462:Beirut
450:basalt
442:French
438:basalt
330:Strabo
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269:Arabic
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1323:Other
1303:Yanta
1220:Bireh
1210:Bakka
696:Dabke
671:Olive
662:pulse
577:Syria
546:Beqaa
474:Roman
446:flint
362:Sunni
344:era,
98:JSTOR
84:books
1239:Hoch
1195:Ayha
1045:ISBN
969:link
962:help
815:ISBN
755:and
728:pine
722:and
714:and
680:arak
575:and
552:and
430:lava
387:and
70:news
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