210:
419:
to early 9th century BCE, a large temple was built at the highest place of the site, which lasted for a short period and had changes to its outline made during the early-mid 9th century BCE. The temple was destroyed, but the site was resettled and lasted for a long period of time between the late Iron IIA and the Iron IIB, with the ruins of the temple still being used for cultic activities. Remains of agricultural structures were found, such as aqueducts, storage facilities and the kitchen remains. The site was abandoned after the Iron IIB period and no architectural remains attest to the
Persian period.
45:
38:
418:
It is evident in the excavation that the earliest settlement was built and maintained by a national or regional entity that was violently destroyed. It existed for one century or less, lasting from the late Iron I period to the early Iron IIA period. After the destruction around the late 10th century
656:
Ji, Chang-Ho (2012), "The early Iron Age II temple at Hirbet ‘Atarus and its architecture and selected cultic objects". In J. Kamlah (Ed.), Temple building and temple cult: Architecture and cultic paraphernalia of temples in the Levant (2.-1. mill. B.C.E.) (pp. 203–222). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz
514:
The site was resettled during the
Hellenistic period as a rural village that relied on agricultural economy based on crops, wine and oil. Parts of the Iron Age temple were reused for cultic purposes and other parts were reused for residential purposes. It lasted until the Early Roman period and was
515:
abandoned throughout the Late Roman and
Byzantine periods. The site was resettled again during the Early and Middle Islamic periods, when it was a thriving and populous medium-sized village that reused most of the walls from the previous settlement, and especially the temple ruins.
687:
401:
and resettled in the late
Hellenistic period and through the early Roman period. In later Roman and Byzantine periods the site was abandoned again and resettled in the Early and Middle Islamic periods.
397:
The site has 12 layers of human settlement, each representing a distinct time in the history of the site. The main period of settlement is the Iron Age. The site was abandoned throughout the
410:
During the Iron Age, the site was an important residential and cultic center. Apart from agriculture, the site also harbored industries such as metal, weaving, and textile production.
221:
Khirbat Ataruz is located in the Dhiban
Plateau, situated on the ridge of Jabal Hamidah, between the rivers of Zarqa Main and Sayl al-Hidan, about 10 kilometers from the town of
209:
482:, Mesha was a vassal king who paid tribute to Israel in the shape of livestock and wool. The stele describes this relationship as oppressive. After the death of
754:
214:
90:
490:(whose name is not mentioned in the stele) continued to oppress Moab. Mesha rebelled against Israel probably during the reign of
37:
717:
665:
644:
Ji, Chang-Ho (2011). "Khirbet 'Ataruz: An
Interim Overview of the 10 years of archaeological architectural Findings".
471:
427:
The site of
Khirbat Ataruz is identified with the Iron Age settlement known as Ataroth, which appears both in the
759:
198:
683:"A Moabite sanctuary at Khirbat Ataruz, Jordan: stratigraphy, findings, and archaeological implications"
682:
173:
temple dated to mid-9th to early 8th century BCE found at the site is linked to the narrative of the
704:
159:
147:
64:
491:
764:
696:
428:
222:
186:
139:
127:
479:
440:
78:
506:. Later he settled the town with the Sharonites and Maharatites (two unknown groups).
748:
708:
495:
443:. The biblical source refers to Ataroth as one of the settlements established by the
502:
in the north. He captured
Ataroth and killed its inhabitants as offering to his god
444:
432:
163:
700:
436:
185:. The site is the location of one of the best preserved Iron Age temples in the
174:
456:
398:
182:
105:
92:
226:
155:
503:
475:
452:
178:
225:
and 3 kilometers from of the ruin from
Hellenistic and Roman times in
688:
Levant: The
Journal of the Council for British Research in the Levant
499:
194:
190:
151:
68:
739:
658:
463:
448:
208:
166:
and Islamic periods, with most findings dating from the Iron Age.
543:
494:(ruled c. 850 – c. 840 BCE), who was occupied with a war against
487:
483:
467:
170:
716:
Ji, Chang-Ho; Bates, Robert D.; Hawkins, Ralph K. (2020).
566:
564:
84:
74:
60:
666:"Khirbat 'Ataruz 2011-2012: A preliminary report"
646:Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan
459:, which are also found in central Transjordan.
451:and Dibon. It is also mentioned in relation to
8:
718:"Khirbat 'Ataruz 2015: A Preliminary Report"
19:
236:
18:
664:Ji, Chang-Ho; Bates, Robert D. (2014).
603:
524:
470:, who rebelled against the rule of the
215:Heinrich Kiepert 1841 map of Palestine
44:
7:
462:The Mesha Stele was commissioned by
722:Andrews University Seminary Studies
670:Andrews University Seminary Studies
325:Iron IIC–Persian–Early Hellenistic
143:
131:
627:
615:
582:
570:
555:
531:
154:. The site was settled during the
14:
177:and the story of the conquest of
43:
36:
146:) is an archaeological site in
755:Archaeological sites in Jordan
1:
701:10.1080/00758914.2019.1620010
347:Late Hellenistic–Early Roman
16:Archaeological site in Jordan
439:found in the nearby site of
781:
657:Verlag, in the website of
382:
270:
106:31.5744222°N 35.6647528°E
31:
24:
630:, pp. 575–576, 578.
414:Archaeological evidence
358:Roman–Byzantine period
199:Palestinian territories
391:Middle Islamic period
380:Middle Islamic period
246:Archaeological period
218:
111:31.5744222; 35.6647528
681:Ji, Chang-Ho (2018).
369:Early Islamic period
295:Iron IIA (Early–Mid)
287:Iron IIA (Early–Mid)
213:Jebel Attarus in the
212:
604:Ji & Bates 2014
585:, pp. 577–578.
573:, pp. 563–577.
478:. According to the
239:
238:Settlement periods
102: /
52:Shown within Jordan
21:
498:under the rule of
423:Historical context
303:Iron IIA–Iron IIB
237:
233:Settlement periods
219:
148:Madaba Governorate
65:Madaba Governorate
606:, pp. 48–49.
594:Ji (2012), p. 218
472:Kingdom of Israel
395:
394:
336:Late Hellenistic
279:Iron IIA (Early)
268:Iron IIA (Early)
121:
120:
772:
729:
712:
677:
653:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
592:
586:
580:
574:
568:
559:
553:
547:
546:, Ataruz Project
541:
535:
529:
240:
145:
133:
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
107:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
47:
46:
40:
22:
780:
779:
775:
774:
773:
771:
770:
769:
760:Biblical places
745:
744:
736:
715:
680:
663:
643:
640:
635:
634:
626:
622:
614:
610:
602:
598:
593:
589:
581:
577:
569:
562:
554:
550:
542:
538:
530:
526:
521:
512:
429:Book of Numbers
425:
416:
408:
235:
207:
187:Southern Levant
110:
108:
104:
101:
96:
93:
91:
89:
88:
56:
55:
54:
53:
50:
49:
48:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
778:
776:
768:
767:
762:
757:
747:
746:
743:
742:
740:Ataruz Project
735:
734:External links
732:
731:
730:
713:
695:(2): 173–210.
678:
661:
659:Ataruz Project
654:
639:
636:
633:
632:
620:
618:, p. 578.
608:
596:
587:
575:
560:
558:, p. 561.
548:
536:
534:, p. 173.
523:
522:
520:
517:
511:
508:
480:Books of Kings
466:, the king of
424:
421:
415:
412:
407:
404:
399:Persian period
393:
392:
389:
385:
384:
381:
378:
374:
373:
370:
367:
363:
362:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
345:
341:
340:
337:
334:
330:
329:
326:
323:
319:
318:
315:
312:
308:
307:
304:
301:
297:
296:
293:
289:
288:
285:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:
269:
266:
262:
261:
260:1200–1000 BCE
258:
255:
251:
250:
247:
244:
234:
231:
206:
203:
124:Khirbat Ataruz
119:
118:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
62:
58:
57:
51:
42:
41:
35:
34:
33:
32:
29:
28:
25:
20:Khirbat Ataruz
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
777:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
750:
741:
738:
737:
733:
727:
723:
719:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
689:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
655:
651:
647:
642:
641:
637:
629:
624:
621:
617:
612:
609:
605:
600:
597:
591:
588:
584:
579:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
552:
549:
545:
540:
537:
533:
528:
525:
518:
516:
510:Later periods
509:
507:
505:
501:
497:
496:Aram-Damascus
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:House of Omri
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
447:, along with
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
422:
420:
413:
411:
405:
403:
400:
390:
387:
386:
379:
376:
375:
371:
368:
365:
364:
360:
357:
354:
353:
349:
346:
343:
342:
338:
335:
332:
331:
327:
324:
321:
320:
316:
313:
310:
309:
305:
302:
299:
298:
294:
291:
290:
286:
283:
282:
278:
275:
274:
271:1000–900 BCE
267:
264:
263:
259:
256:
253:
252:
248:
245:
242:
241:
232:
230:
228:
224:
216:
211:
204:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
141:
137:
129:
125:
115:
97:35°39′53.11″E
94:31°34′27.92″N
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
66:
63:
59:
39:
30:
23:
728:(1): 85–104.
725:
721:
692:
686:
673:
669:
649:
645:
638:Bibliography
623:
611:
599:
590:
578:
551:
539:
527:
513:
461:
445:Tribe of Gad
433:Hebrew Bible
426:
417:
409:
396:
383:850–1500 CE
328:700–167 BCE
317:900–700 BCE
220:
168:
135:
123:
122:
676:(1): 47–91.
437:Mesha Stele
372:638–850 CE
361:132–638 CE
339:167–37 BCE
306:C. 900 BCE
249:Time frame
175:Mesha Stele
160:Hellenistic
109: /
85:Coordinates
749:Categories
652:: 561–579.
519:References
486:, his son
474:under the
457:Mount Nebo
355:Abandoned
350:C. 37 BCE
322:Abandoned
183:Israelites
132:خربة عطروز
26:خربة عطروز
709:198747033
314:Iron IIB
227:Machaerus
205:Geography
181:from the
544:Overview
435:and the
406:Iron Age
243:Stratum
197:and the
156:Iron Age
61:Location
765:Asherah
628:Ji 2011
616:Ji 2011
583:Ji 2011
571:Ji 2011
556:Ji 2011
532:Ji 2018
504:Chemosh
492:Jehoram
453:Heshbon
431:of the
257:Iron I
179:Ataroth
171:Moabite
136:Ataroth
707:
500:Hazael
195:Israel
191:Jordan
152:Jordan
140:Hebrew
128:Arabic
75:Region
69:Jordan
705:S2CID
464:Mesha
449:Aroer
441:Dibon
164:Roman
144:עטרות
134:) or
79:Perea
488:Ahab
484:Omri
468:Moab
455:and
223:Libb
697:doi
276:10
265:11
254:12
201:).
751::
726:58
724:.
720:.
703:.
693:50
691:.
685:.
674:52
672:.
668:.
650:55
648:.
563:^
388:1
377:2
366:3
344:4
333:5
311:6
300:7
292:8
284:9
229:.
193:,
169:A
162:,
158:,
150:,
142::
130::
67:,
711:.
699::
217:.
189:(
138:(
126:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
