279:, one of these being Hesham Lankrani, a member of a prominent clerical family from Azerbaijan. The fifth killing was of Mohammad Massoud, a maverick newspaper editor and opponent of the regime. Roozbeh thought that "the assassination of such a popular anticourt journalist ... would polarize Iran and thus radicalize the Tudeh," and emphasized that he carried out the Massoud assassination without the party's knowledge. In the words of
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The night before his execution, Roozbeh composed a seventy-page testament to condemn capitalism to praise socialism, and to explain why he was willing to die for the "great revolutionary cause" of the Tudeh party. The party posthumously elevated him to the central committee and made him into an icon
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and put on trial in 1946. There he declared himself a "full-fledged revolutionary" who did not belong to the "merely ... reformist" Tudeh party. He was convicted of spreading sedition, cashiered from the army and sentenced to 15 years hard labor. He escaped four years later and set up the
Military
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Roozbeh was wounded and captured after a shootout in July 1957. He was interrogated, tried in camera, and executed secretly in Qezel Qal'eh prison in May 1958. Before the execution his legs were broken up. One of
Roozbeh more controversial activities was confessed to interrogators before he died.
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In his political beliefs
Roozbeh opposed liberalism and deemed some of the Tudeh leaders "mere reformers," "bourgeois liberals," and "parliamentary lobbyists." In his memoirs, Ovanessian praises Roozbeh as a sincere but impatient radical in need of a firm hand Writing in another book,
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composed a couplet in praise of him. And "many leftists — including non-Tudeh members — named their newborn sons after him. In brief, he became the symbol of uncompromising opposition, heroic resistance, and ultimate self-sacrifice."
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During this hiatus from the party he carried out five assassinations according to his confessions. Four of the victims were party members suspected of selling information to the police after the
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describes him as being "contemptuous" of the Tudeh party "for being too `moderate`," and resigning from it at the time of the trial and "not rejoined until the early 1950s."
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Organization of the Tudeh party (made up of members of the
Iranian military). By 1954 the organization had over 500 members.
466:"A single party state in Iran, 1975-78: The Rastakhiz Party-The final attempt by the Shah to consolidate his political base"
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Roozbeh was the author of a number of pamphlets on chess, artillery warfare, and together with co-author
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Office of the
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Tortured
Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran
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by Ervand
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Involved in left-wing groups, he was arrested after a mutiny in
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452:Tortured Confessions
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333:Abrahamian, Ervand,
580:People from Malayer
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211:Ardeshir Ovanessian
200:Tudeh Party of Iran
103:Tudeh Party of Iran
89:Cause of death
610:Iranian communists
544:Served alongside:
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575:Iranian activists
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432:Komunism dar Iran
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569:Categories
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321:References
310:Taqi Arani
235:Kermanshah
184:خسرو روزبه
159:Alma mater
44:1915-08-24
490:144191216
308:equal to
287:— not of
277:1953 coup
152:Artillery
133:1939–1947
285:Bakhunin
246:Khurasan
221:Overview
118:Service/
558:Unknown
254:British
231:Hamadan
227:Malāyer
180:Persian
142:Captain
52:Malāyer
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303:Legacy
293:Engels
204:martyr
120:branch
78:Tehran
486:S2CID
549:and
361:ISBN
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