1319:
439:
Thomson's successor; seeing that further resistance was futile, the
Karabakh Armenians agreed to submit to provisional Azerbaijani rule in the region in exchange for their cultural and civic rights. Among other things, the compact stipulated that Sultanov establish a joint Armeno-Muslim administrative council which would limit the movement of the Azerbaijani forces in the region. The agreement was signed on August 22, 1919. Sultanov, in turn, appointed an Armenian as his assistant in civil affairs in addition to three Armenians who were to serve on the council established by the agreement. The earlier blockades to Armenian areas were also lifted.
1143:,"Znamiya" journal, 2000, #4 "Британская администрация почему-то передала населенные армянами уезды Елизаветпольской губернии под юрисдикцию Азербайджана. Британский администратор Карабаха полковник Шательворт не препятствовал притеснениям армян, чинимым татарской администрацией губернатора Салтанова. Межнациональные трения завершились страшной резней, в которой погибла большая часть армян города Шуши. Бакинский парламент отказался даже осудить свершителей Шушинской резни, и в Карабахе вспыхнула война."
32:
1348:
1284:
427:
the
Karabakh Council and the Armenian militiamen holed up there to surrender. The Armenian barricades and the British military mission came under fire, but Sultanov's troops were unable to dislodge the defenders. Although the Karabakh Council relented on June 4, the next day Sultanov called on the cavalry commanded by his brother, Sultan, to attack the nearby Armenian villages of
452:
around, once more without the required consent of his administrative council. Ethnic tension in
Karabakh heightened once more, as Azerbaijani troops lynched and killed several Armenians in Khankendi and pillaged the surrounding areas in February of that year. In early March, after a delegation of Karabakh Armenians met in the village of
431:, Krkejan, Pahliul, Jamillu, leaving at least six hundred Armenians dead and the settlements in ruins. Amid protests by Armenians and American relief officials, Sultanov was recalled to Baku. Conflicting reasons are given for this: the Azerbaijani government insisted that they had recalled him for consultations; the British command in
339:. Although the office of the Minister of Defense was not officially established on paper, Khosrov bey assumed the duties of the minister until June 11, 1918. The Ministry of Defense was officially established on October 23, 1918, and office of the Minister of Defense was formally inaugurated on November 7, 1918, when
314:, Sultanov led the Baku Muslim Relief Foundation of the Council for Placement of Refugees from Caucasian Front, set up in Tiflis to help with accommodation and relief of the refugees. In 1917, he joined Musavat Party and participated its first congress. He was also elected as a deputy to Transcaucasian Seim.
456:
and rejected the possibility of union with
Azerbaijan, Sultanov sought to tighten his control of Karabakh: he forbade Armenians from leaving Shusha without permission, stationed Azerbaijani troops in Armenian homes, ordered Armenian veterans of the former Russian Army to register so that they may not
426:
Sultanov, however, was a widely hated figure by the
Armenians of Karabakh, objected to his threats to compel them to fully submit to Azerbaijani rule. Tensions reached a high point on June 3, when Sultanov ordered his troops to encircle the Armenian quarter of Shusha and demanded that the members of
442:
Although relations started to normalize, enmity between the communities remained with
Armenian nationalist resentment towards the Karabakh leadership and Azerbaijani desire for permanent rule rising. Despite the agreement, Sultanov almost immediately violated all these terms; he increased the sizes
451:
claim to
Karabakh. But since the conference had ended without issuing a conclusive decision on Karabakh, Sultanov advocated for a local solution, one which demanded that the region be incorporated into Azerbaijan. He bolstered the size of the garrisons at Khankendi and continued to move his troops
405:
working in the region, who cited his past collaboration with the
Ottoman armies that had occupied the area in 1918. In response to criticism of Armenian leaders, Thomson said: "The fact is that in Azerbaijan some Armenians are much disappointed that the British occupation is not an opportunity for
438:
Though
Sultanov denied any wrongdoing, an investigation carried out by the British military concluded that he had instigated the massacres to take place. But by the end of June, Sultanov had returned to his post to resume his activities, presumably with the support of Colonel D.I. Shuttleworth,
409:
In mid-April 1919, conflicts in the
Zangezur uezd began as Armenians and Muslim inhabitants clashed. The fighting resulted in the expulsion of the Muslims of central Zangezur down to steppes in the east and across the river to Persia. Sultanov requested his government to act and the
1149:
administration of governor Saltanov. The national clashes ended by the terrible massacres in which the most of Armenians in Shusha town perished. The Parliament in Baku refused even condemn the accomplishers of the massacres in Shusha and the war was started in
518:. In Germany, he was a professor at a medical university. In 1941–1945, during World War II, he played a significant role in bringing Azerbaijani prisoners of war back to Azerbaijan. After long time in Europe, Sultanov went back to Turkey in 1936 and died in
346:
During his term as Defense Minister, Sultanov was to undertake the formation of the army. According to the parliament approved plan, the most important structures and divisions were to be established by November 1, 1919. Within the time given, two infantry
489:
in Baku. He claimed that "revolutionary Karabagh" was now waiting impatiently for the establishment of Soviet order and desired to unite with Soviet Azerbaijan. Narimanov, however, was not convinced by Sultanov's declarations, and on May 14 he appointed
446:
In the beginning of 1920, Sultanov intensified his efforts to bring control of the region under Azerbaijani rule by issuing an ultimatum to the Armenian National Council. In early 1920, the Paris Peace Conference had recognized Azerbaijan's
565:
1167:"Another event of the period was the massacre in March 1920 of Armenians in Shusha, the historic centre of Karabakh, which shifted its ethnic status from an Armenian-dominated town to an Azeri-dominated one."
1256:
1203:
1470:
1495:
389:
approved Sultanov's appointment as provisional Governor General of Karabakh and Zangezur (control over the latter was ultimately never established), pending a final decision at the
1465:
1249:
569:
1072:
1460:
1475:
1242:
457:
partake in military activities, and drew up plans to destroy several Armenian villages to sever the link between Armenians in Karabakh and the region of
1207:
1505:
1480:
1318:
435:
announced that he had been deprived of his position and was facing charges; while American reports stated that he had been arrested and imprisoned.
678:
649:
1455:
1490:
1311:
1082:
1039:
996:
900:
866:
829:
780:
753:
714:
1265:
536:
253:
43:
541:
68:
477:
effortlessly entered Azerbaijan and proclaimed it a Soviet republic. Upon hearing this, Sultanov abandoned his loyalty to the
1276:
398:
336:
568:[Birthday of the first Minister of Defense of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic - Khosrov bey Sultanov]. Archived from
1500:
1485:
1164:
481:, declared himself the chairman of the "Karabagh Revolutionary Committee" and extended felicitations to the Azerbaijani
390:
101:
935:
from the British military mission was killed and another was wounded by the Azeris during the firefight: Hovannisian.
819:
856:
704:
652:[A strong army is the guarantor of national security, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Azerbaijan].
386:
406:
revenge. They are reluctant to accept it that the peace conference is going to decide and not military forces."
377:
were to be created. Sultanov frequently visited the army units and checked the progress of army establishment.
327:
Sultanov was one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in
276:
168:
1141:Политическое будущее Кавказа: опыт ретроспективно-сравнительного анализа (Political future of the Caucasus)
737:
64:
1145:"British administrator of Karabakh colonel Shuttleworth didn't impede the discrimination of Armenians by
620:
1301:
852:
682:
653:
428:
415:
332:
566:"Azərbaycan Demokratik Cümhuriyyətinin ilk qəhrəman hərbi naziri – Xosrov bəy Sultanovun doğum günüdür"
443:
of Azerbaijani garrisons in Shusha and Khankendi and moved his forces without the council's approval.
1450:
1445:
402:
287:). Khosrov bey studied religion from early stages of his life. His father then sent him to school in
227:
657:
494:
as extraordinary commissar for Karabakh and ordered him to liquidate Sultanov's self-styled Revkom.
1397:
1296:
650:"Güclü ordu Azərbaycanın milli təhlükəsizliyinin, müstəqilliyinin və ərazi bütövlüyünün qarantıdır"
348:
340:
300:
94:
296:
804:
770:
1359:
1330:
1078:
1035:
992:
896:
862:
825:
776:
749:
710:
491:
486:
292:
1031:
453:
531:
1354:
1325:
462:
458:
280:
1364:
888:
742:
307:
and studied at the Odessa Military School graduating with a degree in Medical Therapy.
268:
172:
160:
1439:
1407:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1234:
1024:
478:
474:
272:
264:
211:
164:
1140:
31:
1420:
1402:
1391:
1370:
245:
1347:
1283:
706:
Small nations and great powers: a study of ethnopolitical conflict in the Caucasus
291:. Sultanov first completed his education in Shusha and relocated to Yelisavetpol (
401:, the Armenian government itself, as well as a number of American diplomats and
364:
311:
1340:
1268:
989:
The Republic of Armenia: From London to Sevres, February - August 1920, Vol. 3
284:
1227:
461:. In March 1920, mass killings of the Armenian population took place in the
414:
provisional Azerbaijani rule over Karabakh under Sultanov was recognized by
394:
374:
356:
1074:
Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: a legal appraisal
397:
community, led by the Karabakh Council, which favored unification with the
519:
352:
249:
192:
515:
371:
367:
360:
331:
on May 28, 1918. He was appointed the Minister of Defense in the first
93:
office eliminated and re-established on November 7, 1918, to be led by
511:
503:
502:
Following persecution by the Bolsheviks, Sultanov managed to flee to
482:
432:
328:
304:
288:
196:
1146:
931:
590:
507:
1238:
748:. Berkeley: University of California. pp. 162ff, 178–180.
624:
593:[Charity movement in Azerbaijan and Hasan bey Zardabi]
1346:
1317:
1282:
1206:[Major General Khosrov bey Sultanov]. Archived from
772:
The Azerbaijani Turks: power and identity under Russian rule
821:
Central Asia: its strategic importance and future prospects
893:
Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War
775:. San Diego, California: Stanford University. p. 94.
591:"Azərbaycanda xeyriyyəçilik hərəkatı və Həsən bəy Zərdabi"
254:
Minister of Defense of the Azerbaijani Democratic Republic
1026:
The Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict: causes and implications
861:. United States: Columbia University Press. p. 76.
385:
In January 1919, the British forces commander General
393:. This decision was strenuously opposed by the local
44:
Minister of Defense of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
991:. Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 132.
623:[First republic on the east]. Archived from
1339:
1310:
1275:
207:
202:
178:
147:
142:
128:
118:
100:
87:
75:
60:
42:
18:
1077:. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. p. 2.
1023:
744:The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918-1919
741:
858:Russia and Azerbaijan: a borderland in transition
235:
1163:, Centre for International Relations, 1997, p.
895:. New York: New York University Press, p. 128.
681:[Dedicated to the army]. Archived from
1471:Generals of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
1496:Azerbaijani generals of Imperial Russian Army
1250:
824:. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 146.
8:
537:Ministers of Defense of Azerbaijan Republic
1466:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic politicians
1257:
1243:
1235:
560:
558:
556:
114:January 15, 1919 – April 16, 1920
30:
15:
1427:List is incomplete due to lack of sources
381:Governor General of Karabakh and Zangezur
102:Governor General of Karabakh and Zangezur
231:
1161:Balancing hegemony: the OSCE in the CIS
552:
224:Khosrov bey Alipasha bey oghlu Sultanov
1159:S. Neil MacFarlane, Oliver Thränert,,
267:Sultanov was born on May 10, 1879, in
709:. England: Curzon Press. p. 72.
643:
641:
56:May 27, 1918 – June 11, 1918
7:
1461:Russian Constituent Assembly members
1312:Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
1228:İlk hərbi nazirimizin məzarı tapılıb
237:Xosrov bəy Əlipaşa bəy oğlu Sultanov
1204:"General-mayor XOSROV BƏY SULTANOV"
506:in 1923 and from then on, lived in
1476:Ministers of defense of Azerbaijan
621:"Şərqdə ilk demokratik respublika"
14:
1030:. Westport, CN: Praeger. p.
648:Elbrus Seyfullayev (2010-06-28).
232:خسرو بگ علی پاشا بگ اوغلی سلطانوف
679:"Национальной армии посвящается"
610:Dilqəm Əhməd "Bir ildən yüz ilə"
240:; 1879 – 1943), also spelled as
1506:Muslims from the Russian Empire
1481:Azerbaijani emigrants to Turkey
987:Hovannisian, Richard G. (1996)
542:List of massacres in Azerbaijan
248:statesman, General Governor of
1456:People from Kashatagh Province
1277:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
399:Democratic Republic of Armenia
359:division, special telegraph,
337:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
1:
1491:Burials at Feriköy Cemetery
1191:Republic of Armenia, Vol. 3
1178:Republic of Armenia, Vol. 3
1125:Republic of Armenia, Vol. 3
1112:Republic of Armenia, Vol. 3
1099:Republic of Armenia, Vol. 3
1059:Republic of Armenia, Vol. 3
1022:Croissant, Michael (1998).
1010:Republic of Armenia, Vol. I
976:Republic of Armenia, Vol. I
963:Republic of Armenia, Vol. I
950:Republic of Armenia, Vol. I
937:Republic of Armenia, Vol. I
927:Republic of Armenia, Vol. I
914:Republic of Armenia, Vol. I
805:Republic of Armenia, Vol. I
1522:
299:. After completion of his
1415:
1046:In an attempt to combat .
769:Altstadt, Audrey (1992).
217:
138:
107:
49:
38:
29:
703:Cornell, Svante (2001).
473:In late April 1920, the
1266:Ministers of Defense of
738:Hovannisian, Richard G.
277:Elizavetpol Governorate
169:Elizavetpol Governorate
1351:
1341:Republic of Azerbaijan
1322:
1287:
853:Tadeusz, Swietochowski
818:Malik, Hafeez (1994).
391:Paris Peace Conference
236:
69:Azerbaijani Parliament
65:Alimardan Topchubashov
1350:
1321:
1302:Samad bey Mehmandarov
1286:
1501:Azerbaijani generals
1486:Azerbaijani nobility
1292:Khosrov bey Sultanov
1071:Tim, Potier (2001).
351:consisting of three
20:Khosrov bey Sultanov
1398:Mammadrafi Mammadov
1297:Fatali Khan Khoyski
929:, pp. 175-176. One
422:Tension in Karabakh
341:Fatali Khan Khoyski
323:Minister of Defense
301:secondary education
95:Fatali Khan Khoyski
23:Xosrov bəy Sultanov
1352:
1323:
1288:
939:, p. 176, note 50.
654:Azeri Press Agency
469:Post-sovietization
387:William M. Thomson
271:settlement of the
124:office established
82:office established
1433:
1432:
1360:Tajaddin Mehdiyev
1331:Aliheydar Garayev
492:Dadash Bunyadzade
487:Nariman Narimanov
343:took the office.
221:
220:
134:office eliminated
24:
1513:
1421:acting ministers
1259:
1252:
1245:
1236:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1200:
1194:
1187:
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1168:
1157:
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1138:
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1128:
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1115:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1068:
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1029:
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985:
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904:
886:
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766:
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747:
734:
728:
727:
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723:
700:
694:
693:
691:
690:
675:
669:
668:
666:
665:
656:. Archived from
645:
636:
635:
633:
632:
617:
611:
608:
602:
601:
599:
598:
587:
581:
580:
578:
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562:
532:Azerbaijani Army
403:relief officials
318:Political career
295:) to study at a
242:Khosrow Sultanov
239:
233:
203:Military service
189:
187:
157:
155:
143:Personal details
131:
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112:
90:
78:
54:
34:
22:
16:
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1510:
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1429:
1424:
1411:
1355:Valeh Barshadly
1335:
1326:Chingiz Ildyrym
1306:
1271:
1263:
1233:
1226:
1222:
1213:
1211:
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1201:
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1003:
986:
982:
973:
969:
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956:
947:
943:
924:
920:
911:
907:
889:De Waal, Thomas
887:
883:
873:
871:
869:
851:
850:
846:
836:
834:
832:
817:
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812:
801:
797:
787:
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763:
756:
736:
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731:
721:
719:
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702:
701:
697:
688:
686:
677:
676:
672:
663:
661:
647:
646:
639:
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628:
619:
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614:
609:
605:
596:
594:
589:
588:
584:
575:
573:
564:
563:
554:
550:
528:
500:
471:
463:Shusha massacre
424:
383:
325:
320:
262:
191:
185:
183:
182:January 7, 1943
159:
153:
151:
129:
119:
113:
108:
88:
76:
55:
50:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1365:Shahin Musayev
1362:
1357:
1345:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1220:
1195:
1182:
1169:
1152:
1129:
1116:
1103:
1090:
1083:
1063:
1050:
1040:
1014:
1012:, pp. 181-187.
1001:
980:
967:
954:
952:, pp. 176-177.
941:
918:
905:
881:
867:
844:
830:
810:
795:
781:
761:
754:
729:
715:
695:
670:
637:
612:
603:
582:
551:
549:
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544:
539:
534:
527:
524:
499:
496:
470:
467:
423:
420:
382:
379:
324:
321:
319:
316:
303:, he moved to
261:
258:
219:
218:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
200:
199:
190:(aged 63)
180:
176:
175:
173:Russian Empire
149:
145:
144:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
126:
125:
122:
116:
115:
105:
104:
98:
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91:
85:
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62:
58:
57:
47:
46:
40:
39:
36:
35:
27:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1507:
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1502:
1499:
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1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1408:Zakir Hasanov
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:Vahid Musayev
1384:
1382:
1381:Dadash Rzayev
1379:
1377:
1376:Rahim Gaziyev
1374:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1344:
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1315:
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1267:
1260:
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1248:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1210:on 2011-07-06
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1193:, pp. 195-196
1192:
1189:Hovannisian.
1186:
1183:
1180:, pp. 193-194
1179:
1176:Hovannisian.
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1133:
1130:
1127:, pp. 145-147
1126:
1123:Hovannisian.
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:Hovannisian.
1107:
1104:
1101:, pp. 139-140
1100:
1097:Hovannisian.
1094:
1091:
1086:
1084:90-411-1477-7
1080:
1076:
1075:
1067:
1064:
1061:, pp. 132–133
1060:
1057:Hovannisian.
1054:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1041:0-275-96241-5
1037:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:Hovannisian.
1005:
1002:
998:
997:0-520-08803-4
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901:0-8147-1945-7
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868:0-231-07068-3
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831:0-312-16452-1
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802:Hovannisian.
799:
796:
784:
782:0-8179-9181-6
778:
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757:
755:0-520-01984-9
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746:
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716:0-7007-1162-7
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475:11th Red Army
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67:(Chairman of
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17:
1426:
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1403:Safar Abiyev
1392:Safar Abiyev
1371:Tahir Aliyev
1291:
1223:
1212:. Retrieved
1208:the original
1198:
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1155:
1137:(in Russian)
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872:. Retrieved
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835:. Retrieved
820:
813:
803:
798:
786:. Retrieved
771:
764:
743:
732:
720:. Retrieved
705:
698:
687:. Retrieved
683:the original
673:
662:. Retrieved
658:the original
629:. Retrieved
625:the original
615:
606:
595:. Retrieved
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574:. Retrieved
570:the original
501:
472:
448:
445:
441:
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429:Khaibalikend
425:
411:
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384:
345:
326:
309:
263:
241:
223:
222:
158:May 10, 1879
130:Succeeded by
109:
89:Succeeded by
81:
51:
1451:1947 deaths
1446:1879 births
498:Later years
365:machine gun
312:World War I
246:Azerbaijani
228:Azerbaijani
120:Preceded by
77:Preceded by
1440:Categories
1269:Azerbaijan
1214:2010-07-19
1150:Karabakh."
1139:A. Zubov,
689:2010-07-19
664:2010-07-19
631:2010-07-19
597:2010-07-19
576:2010-07-19
416:the Allies
375:battalions
333:government
285:Azerbaijan
260:Early life
186:1943-01-08
154:1879-05-10
1114:, p. 142.
978:, p. 181.
965:, p. 180.
916:, p. 162.
522:in 1943.
357:artillery
353:regiments
349:divisions
297:gymnasium
244:, was an
110:In office
61:President
52:In office
1419:Denotes
1147:Tatarian
891:(2003).
874:July 19,
855:(1995).
837:July 19,
808:, p. 194
788:July 21,
740:(1971).
722:July 19,
526:See also
520:Istanbul
459:Zangezur
449:de facto
412:de facto
395:Armenian
368:platoons
269:Kürdhacı
250:Karabakh
193:Istanbul
161:Kürdhacı
516:Germany
485:leader
372:railway
361:cavalry
310:During
275:of the
184: (
1081:
1038:
995:
899:
865:
828:
779:
752:
713:
512:France
504:Turkey
483:Revkom
433:Tiflis
329:Tiflis
305:Odessa
289:Shusha
281:Lachin
197:Turkey
932:sepoy
548:Notes
454:Shosh
293:Ganja
1079:ISBN
1036:ISBN
993:ISBN
897:ISBN
876:2010
863:ISBN
839:2010
826:ISBN
790:2010
777:ISBN
750:ISBN
724:2010
711:ISBN
514:and
508:Iran
363:and
252:and
208:Rank
179:Died
148:Born
1425:**
335:of
1442::
1417:*
1333:**
1165:71
1044:.
1034:.
1032:17
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418:.
370:,
355:,
283:,
256:.
234:,
230::
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167:,
163:,
1394:*
1388:*
1367:*
1258:e
1251:t
1244:v
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1087:.
999:.
903:.
878:.
841:.
792:.
758:.
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692:.
667:.
634:.
600:.
579:.
226:(
188:)
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152:(
71:)
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