1334:
1605:
1714:
1452:
49:
1555:
8633:
1650:
913:
8621:
1358:, which was tested at 50–56 Mt (210–230 PJ), but had a maximum theoretical design yield of 100 Mt (420 PJ). The effective destructive potential of such a weapon varies greatly, depending on such conditions as the altitude at which it is detonated, the characteristics of the target, the terrain, and the physical landscape upon which it is detonated.
8645:
4218:
1521:
1966:
Calculating a single RE factor for an explosive is, however, impossible. It depends on the specific case or use. Given a pair of explosives, one can produce 2× the shockwave output (this depends on the distance of measuring instruments) but the difference in direct metal cutting ability may be 4×
6290:
Maselli, A.; Melandri, A.; Nava, L.; Mundell, C. G.; Kawai, N.; Campana, S.; Covino, S.; Cummings, J. R.; Cusumano, G.; Evans, P. A.; Ghirlanda, G.; Ghisellini, G.; Guidorzi, C.; Kobayashi, S.; Kuin, P.; LaParola, V.; Mangano, V.; Oates, S.; Sakamoto, T.; Serino, M.; Virgili, F.; Zhang, B.- B.;
1301:
294:
However even on this basis, comparing the actual energy yields of a large nuclear device and an explosion of TNT can be slightly inaccurate. Small TNT explosions, especially in the open, don't tend to burn the carbon-particle and hydrocarbon products of the explosion. Gas-expansion and
1942:
The relative effectiveness factor (RE factor) relates an explosive's demolition power to that of TNT, in units of the TNT equivalent/kg (TNTe/kg). The RE factor is the relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is equivalent: The greater the RE, the more powerful the explosive.
1967:
higher for one type of metal and 7× higher for another type of metal. The relative differences between two explosives with shaped charges will be even greater. The table below should be taken as an example and not as a precise source of data.
4548:
1946:
This enables engineers to determine the proper masses of different explosives when applying blasting formulas developed specifically for TNT. For example, if a timber-cutting formula calls for a charge of 1 kg of TNT, then based on
1249:) of 89.8 petajoules, which is equivalent to 21.5 megatons of TNT. No such method of total conversion as combining 500 grams of matter with 500 grams of antimatter has yet been achieved. In the event of proton–
6352:
The LIGO Scientific
Collaboration; the Virgo Collaboration; Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abernathy, M. R.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, C. (June 14, 2016). "Properties of the Binary Black Hole Merger GW150914".
6496:
3948:
TBX (thermobaric explosives) or EBX (enhanced blast explosives), in a small, confined space, may have over twice the power of destruction. The total power of aluminized mixtures strictly depends on the condition of
951:
of 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate that killed initially 137 at and near a
Lebanese port at 6 p.m. local time Tuesday August 4, 2020. An independent study by experts from the Blast and Impact Research Group at the
1425:
The total global nuclear arsenal is about 15,000 nuclear warheads with a destructive capacity of around 1460 megatons or 1.46 gigatons (1,460 million tons) of TNT. This is the equivalent of
7396:
1370:
6138:
Luzum, Brian; Capitaine, Nicole; Fienga, Agnès; Folkner, William; Fukushima, Toshio; Hilton, James; Hohenkerk, Catherine; Krasinsky, George; Petit, Gérard; Pitjeva, Elena; Soffel, Michael (July 10, 2011).
295:
pressure-change effects tend to "freeze" the burn rapidly. A large open explosion of TNT may maintain fireball temperatures high enough so that some of those products do burn up with atmospheric oxygen.
4587:
1192:
The energy contained in one megaton of TNT (4.2 PJ) is enough to power the average
American household for 103,000 years. The 30 Mt (130 PJ) estimated upper limit blast power of the
4540:
5791:
Richards, Mark A.; Alvarez, Walter; Self, Stephen; Karlstrom, Leif; Renne, Paul R.; Manga, Michael; Sprain, Courtney J.; Smit, Jan; Vanderkluysen, Loÿc; Gibson, Sally A. (November 1, 2015).
1079:
explosive to provide a scaled equivalent airblast of an eight kiloton (33.44 TJ) nuclear device, is believed to be the largest planned detonation of conventional explosives in history.
332:
These complications have been sidestepped by convention. The energy released by one gram of TNT was arbitrarily defined as a matter of convention to be 4,184 J, which is exactly one
291:
produced by its detonation. For TNT this has been accurately measured as 4,686 J/g from a large sample of air blast experiments, and theoretically calculated to be 4,853 J/g.
6492:
4090:
Sorin Bastea, Laurence E. Fried, Kurt R. Glaesemann, W. Michael Howard, P. Clark Souers, Peter A. Vitello, Cheetah 5.0 User's Manual, Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, 2007.
7584:
7111:
7406:
5404:
1118:
on August 9, 1945, exploded with an energy of about 20 kilotons of TNT (84 TJ) killing over 60,000. The modern nuclear weapons in the United States arsenal range in
284:
Alternative values for TNT equivalency can be calculated according to which property is being compared and when in the two detonation processes the values are measured.
8287:
5400:
4688:
5155:
5019:
4837:
144:
6291:
Barthelmy, S.; Beardmore, A.; Bernardini, M. G.; Bersier, D.; Burrows, D.; Calderone, G.; Capalbi, M.; Chiang, J. (2014). "GRB 130427A: A Nearby
Ordinary Monster".
5733:
5181:
4733:
4452:
1839:) megatons) of TNT, equivalent to the explosive force of a quantity of TNT over a trillion (10) times the mass of the planet Earth. This is the astrophysical
4980:
4517:
7091:
5934:; Zhang, Shuang; Alegret, Laia; Schmidt, Daniela N.; Rae, James W. B.; Witts, James D.; Landman, Neil H.; Greene, Sarah E.; Huber, Brian T. (October 21, 2019).
3989:
7413:
6844:
1635:, wiping out 75% of all species on Earth. This is far more destructive than any natural disaster recorded in history. Such an event would've caused global
4571:
7179:
1632:
1515:
1196:
could power the same average home for more than 3,100,000 years. The energy of that blast could power the entire United States for 3.27 days.
1047:. It accumulated 6700 metric tons of surplus World War II ammunition placed in various locations around the island and set off. The energy released was
3324:
7682:
4069:
4957:
3821:
1984:
1896:
1295:
6002:
6555:
6522:
5344:
956:
predicts the best estimate of the yield of Beirut explosion to be 0.5 kilotons of TNT and the reasonable bound estimate as 1.12 kilotons of TNT.
5129:
1333:
5797:
6422:
7106:
6813:
6746:
6728:
6709:
5374:
4711:
4511:
4174:
1320:
264:
The kiloton and megaton of TNT equivalent have traditionally been used to describe the energy output, and hence the destructive power, of a
7928:
775:
in a 0.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.5 m (20 in × 20 in × 20 in) compartment within a 1-second period.
7845:
7921:
7391:
7356:
5758:
5221:
4474:
1261:
1107:
on August 6, 1945, exploded with an energy of about 15 kilotons of TNT (63 TJ) killing between 90,000 and 166,000 people, and the
8543:
8127:
5210:
4953:
4204:
6464:
Török, Zoltán; Ozunu, Alexandru (2015). "Hazardous properties of ammonium nitrate and modeling of explosions using TNT equivalency".
6141:"The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: the report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy"
5707:
4414:
7207:
7086:
5585:
2109:
1511:
1280:
6196:
6059:
5232:
4242:
8437:
8302:
6837:
8676:
8380:
8214:
8052:
7816:
7694:
7351:
7212:
5396:
5306:
4829:
287:
Where for example the comparison is by energy yield, an explosive's energy is normally expressed for chemical purposes as the
8370:
8219:
7677:
4262:
3557:
1480:
68:
5159:
8144:
7977:
7401:
7329:
5516:
5185:
4860:
4101:
3816:
3306:
1411:
998:
falling on 4,000 m (1 acre) of land in a year is 9.5 TJ (2,650 MWh) (an average over the Earth's surface).
8649:
4444:
1491:) or one-quarter of the entire world's annual energy consumption. This eruption was 4-10 times more destructive than the
8487:
8224:
7933:
7687:
7184:
5880:
5615:
5023:
4541:"Beirut Blast: How does yield of 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate compare against Halifax explosion, Hiroshima bombing?"
3811:
3195:
666:
3861:
1238:
8637:
8550:
8522:
8479:
8444:
8282:
8109:
8047:
7872:
7776:
7662:
7130:
6830:
4992:
4501:
4388:
3460:
3092:
2491:
1604:
3981:
1595:
5099:
8330:
8009:
7527:
7484:
7336:
7982:
8691:
8625:
8307:
7916:
7699:
3220:
3216:
1492:
1396:
832:
8696:
8686:
8555:
8397:
8297:
8209:
7418:
7304:
7264:
7076:
5931:
4288:
3874:
2385:
1549:
1446:
793:
8176:
5936:"Rapid ocean acidification and protracted Earth system recovery followed the end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact"
3900:
The solar constant of the sun is 1370 watts per square meter and Earth has a cross-sectional surface area of
1831:
joules of energy, which is about 2.4–4.8 hundred billion yottatons (24–48 octillion (2.4–
8427:
8402:
8016:
7793:
7599:
7522:
7479:
7462:
7423:
7346:
3836:
3135:
2564:
953:
886:
1713:
1449:, was estimated at a moment magnitude of 9.4–9.6. This is the most powerful earthquake recorded in history.
8292:
7579:
7123:
5848:
Jablonski, David; Chaloner, William
Gilbert; Lawton, John Hartley; May, Robert McCredie (April 29, 1994).
4061:
3801:
2071:
1840:
1331:
joules, slightly less than the 2004 Indian Ocean quake. It was estimated at a moment magnitude of 9.0–9.1.
948:
4949:
8586:
8322:
8277:
7739:
7667:
7594:
7589:
7554:
7341:
7309:
7096:
7023:
4799:
3434:
2019:
708:(large calorie, kcal), which is the approximate amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one
6544:
5689:
6518:
6082:
5133:
8497:
8471:
8272:
8257:
7574:
7532:
7368:
7274:
7202:
6372:
6310:
6264:
6152:
6094:
6040:
5947:
5905:
5806:
5551:
5480:
5439:
5336:
5262:
5251:"Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements"
4895:
4742:
4626:
4137:
Tnt equivalency of different explosives – estimation for calculating load limits in heaf firing tanks
3806:
3411:
2466:
2244:
1119:
925:
907:
618:
5849:
1631:
yielded 72 teratons of TNT equivalent (1 teraton of TNT equals 10 megatons of TNT) which caused the
8671:
8596:
8432:
8407:
8192:
7786:
7654:
7457:
7314:
7081:
7043:
6876:
6430:
5663:
4363:
1451:
1300:
6081:
Lü, Jiangning; Sun, Youshun; Nafi Toksöz, M.; Zheng, Yingcai; Zuber, Maria T. (December 1, 2011).
5366:
1955:, engineers would need 1.0/1.66 (or 0.60) kg to obtain the same effects as 1 kg of TNT. With
737:
Under controlled conditions one kilogram of TNT can destroy (or even obliterate) a small vehicle.
48:
8576:
8312:
8149:
8076:
7887:
7537:
7507:
7491:
7474:
7118:
7008:
6956:
6906:
6853:
6404:
6362:
6334:
6300:
6178:
5830:
5567:
5498:
5288:
5130:"USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Energy and Broadband Solution: Off W Coast of Northern Sumatra"
4768:
4615:"Preliminary yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using video footage from social media"
4338:
2944:
2648:
1040:
288:
215:
6226:
4313:
1951:'s RE factor of 2.38, it would take only 1.0/2.38 (or 0.42) kg of it to do the same job. Using
7644:
7437:
7324:
7299:
7237:
7194:
7038:
7033:
7028:
6871:
6809:
6783:
6742:
6724:
6705:
6396:
6388:
6326:
6272:
6170:
6120:
5983:
5965:
5822:
5280:
4931:
4913:
4760:
4707:
4682:
4644:
4610:
4579:
4507:
4448:
4210:
4200:
4170:
3771:
3767:
3477:
3251:
2923:
2902:
2865:
2327:
2039:
1820:
1507:
1016:
717:
5766:
4194:
4036:
4011:
1373:, in the southern Pacific Ocean, is estimated to have been equivalent to 61 Megatons of TNT.
214:
This convention intends to compare the destructiveness of an event with that of conventional
8492:
7547:
7512:
7269:
7259:
7147:
7135:
6976:
6971:
6961:
6951:
6946:
6801:
6773:
6473:
6380:
6318:
6268:
6252:
6160:
6110:
6102:
6098:
5973:
5955:
5861:
5814:
5559:
5488:
5447:
5270:
5218:
5081:
5073:
4921:
4903:
4787:
4750:
4634:
4240:
Blast effects of external explosions (Section 4.8. Limitations of the TNT equivalent method)
3717:
3700:
3536:
3341:
3289:
2517:
2410:
2269:
2228:
2206:
2188:
2167:
2130:
1998:
1960:
1708:
1628:
1208:
1123:
54:
8132:
7972:
7911:
6692:
5207:
5046:
8681:
8460:
8390:
8350:
7877:
7804:
7632:
7618:
7542:
7517:
7363:
7156:
7048:
7013:
6891:
6881:
6606:
5734:"The thought experiment: What would happen if the supervolcano under Yellowstone erupted?"
5593:
5236:
5225:
5214:
4812:
4422:
4246:
4109:(Technical report). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. UCRL-JC-147683. Archived from
3751:
3481:
3416:
3358:
3178:
3023:
3002:
2793:
2764:
2743:
2722:
2689:
2623:
2598:
2406:
2364:
2303:
2265:
1948:
1868:
974:
917:
339:
A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8 ft) on a side.
303:
197:
7882:
4239:
1211:
in one minute, primarily from water condensation. Winds constitute 0.25% of that energy.
6376:
6314:
6204:
6156:
6067:
6044:
5951:
5854:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
5810:
5555:
5484:
5443:
5266:
5229:
4899:
4746:
4630:
329:
due to additional carbon/hydrocarbon oxidation not present with small open-air charges.
8365:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8085:
7992:
7961:
7943:
7467:
7319:
7284:
7217:
7164:
7018:
6911:
6896:
6886:
5978:
5935:
4926:
4883:
3406:
3174:
3096:
3066:
3006:
2977:
2885:
2427:
2286:
2088:
1644:
1193:
1174:
642:
265:
175:
6795:
1537:
The total solar irradiance energy received by Earth in the upper atmosphere per hour.
8665:
8530:
7821:
7227:
7068:
6408:
6182:
5571:
5502:
5292:
3592:
3375:
3088:
3062:
2960:
2714:
2644:
2054:
1019:
in 1917 was the accidental detonation of 200 tons of TNT and 2,300 tons of
771:
The approximate radiant heat energy released during 3-phase, 600 V, 100 kA
654:
235:
1963:, they would require 1.0/0.74 (or 1.35) kg or 1.0/0.32 (or 3.125) kg, respectively.
218:, of which TNT is a typical example, although other conventional explosives such as
8096:
7232:
7174:
7101:
7053:
6923:
6677:
6384:
6338:
5834:
5314:
3877:
3667:
3442:
3118:
2940:
2919:
2474:
2444:
2232:
2147:
1649:
1554:
1351:
1253:
1145:
995:
273:
122:
6581:
5452:
5427:
4662:
c=AU; co=Commonwealth of
Australia; ou=Department of Sustainability, Environment.
4258:
6699:
4908:
4572:"Beirut Explosion: What Happened in Lebanon and Everything Else You Need to Know"
1602:
is equivalent to 6 million megatons (6 trillion tons) of TNT.
8507:
8154:
7744:
7251:
7222:
4663:
4110:
2581:
1640:
1122:
from 0.3 kt (1.3 TJ) to 1.2 Mt (5.0 PJ) equivalent, for the
1111:
1100:
1072:
1020:
910:. If the charge were a full sphere, it would be 1 kiloton of TNT (4.2 TJ).
823:
630:
188:
6778:
5520:
5275:
5250:
4868:
4639:
4614:
6253:"Light curves of type IA supernova models with different explosion mechanisms"
6165:
6140:
6106:
6028:
4214:
3734:
1792:
1744:
1484:
1355:
1265:
1250:
1223:
1097:
1044:
921:
912:
685:
203:
181:
6787:
6392:
6276:
6174:
6124:
5969:
5826:
5642:"Hurricane FAQ – NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory"
5619:
5563:
5542:
Kristensen, Hans M; Norris, Robert S (2015). "Chinese nuclear forces, 2015".
5493:
5468:
5284:
5015:
4917:
4786:
Tech Reps (1986). "Minor Scale Event, Test
Execution Report". Albuerque, NM.
4764:
4648:
4583:
3873:
The solar constant of the sun is 1370 watts per square meter and Earth has a
1514:. It was the second most energetic event to have occurred on Earth since the
1483:
in the island of
Sumbawa in Indonesia. Yielded the equivalent of 2.2 million
298:
Such differences can be substantial. For safety purposes a range as wide as
8502:
7865:
7855:
6983:
6936:
6901:
6322:
6003:"That Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Instantly Acidified Our World's Oceans, Too"
5960:
5085:
3058:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2843:
2785:
2693:
2543:
2513:
2470:
2368:
2344:
2236:
2035:
1718:
1636:
1323:
was over 200,000 times the surface energy and was calculated by the USGS at
1257:
1237:
The complete conversion of 1 kg of matter into pure energy would yield
1104:
861:
772:
8360:
6477:
6400:
6330:
5987:
5865:
4935:
4791:
4755:
4728:
1414:
usage combined, from the 1940s to the present, is about 540 megatons.
30:"Kiloton" redirects here. For the similarly named weight measurements, see
6033:
Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets III: From Stars to Surfaces
5107:
8591:
8385:
8234:
8229:
8169:
7838:
7766:
7749:
7734:
7709:
7452:
6941:
3796:
2640:
2615:
2360:
2210:
1115:
709:
219:
6115:
5708:"La Garita Mountains grew from volcanic explosions 35 million years ago"
5077:
1520:
1075:, a 1985 United States conventional explosion, using 4,744 tons of
17:
8560:
8512:
8375:
8355:
7754:
7729:
7169:
7058:
7000:
6988:
6966:
6931:
5005:(Calculated from 2007 value of 3,892,000,000,000 kWh annual usage)
4339:"Convert tons of TNT to BTU - British Thermal Unit | energy conversion"
4154:(Technical report). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. EMPE-01-81.
4139:(Technical report). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. EMPE-02-22.
3608:
3268:
3152:
1599:
1178:
1108:
713:
705:
591:
333:
5100:"Mount St. Helens – From the 1980 Eruption to 2000, Fact Sheet 036-00"
4609:
Rigby, S. E.; Lodge, T. J.; Alotaibi, S.; Barr, A. D.; Clarke, S. D.;
4103:
Estimating equivalency of explosives through a thermochemical approach
1256:, approximately 50% of the released energy will escape in the form of
167:, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. The
8164:
8159:
8139:
8119:
8104:
7987:
7724:
7704:
7672:
6822:
6493:"Storage requirements for security sensitive ammonium nitrate (SSAN)"
5818:
5641:
4772:
3629:
3612:
3498:
2835:
2810:
2681:
2665:
2619:
2402:
2261:
2240:
2050:
2046:
208:
164:
5793:"Triggering of the largest Deccan eruptions by the Chicxulub impact"
4704:
Ground Zero: A Reassessment of the 1917 Explosion in Halifax Harbour
253:(of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 petajoules (
7714:
6805:
6367:
5792:
192:), which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a
8581:
8538:
8201:
8057:
7860:
7850:
6641:
6630:
6305:
4729:"Seismic Experiments on the North German Explosions, 1946 to 1947"
3831:
3401:
Nuclear weapons and the most powerful non-nuclear weapon examples
3041:
2994:
2521:
2184:
1712:
1648:
1603:
1553:
1519:
1488:
1450:
1332:
1299:
1222:
The approximate radiated surface energy released in a magnitude 8
977:
that killed more than 500 at a German fertilizer factory in 1921.
911:
801:
797:
603:
309:
Thus one can state that a nuclear bomb has a yield of 15 kt (
193:
31:
1412:
total energy produced worldwide by all nuclear testing and combat
8062:
7951:
7761:
7719:
6764:
Mathieu, Jörg; Stucki, Hans (2004), "Military High Explosives",
3649:
3532:
3515:
3438:
3199:
3084:
2814:
2789:
2547:
2163:
2126:
2105:
1956:
1952:
1468:
The energy released by a hurricane per day during condensation.
1076:
882:
828:
269:
8457:
7629:
7616:
6826:
5881:"Huge Global Tsunami Followed Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Impact"
8035:
7899:
6688:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Version 3.2.
4988:
3826:
3683:
3645:
3574:
3553:
3272:
3170:
3114:
2998:
2869:
2847:
2839:
2818:
2768:
2747:
2726:
2718:
2697:
2685:
2539:
2509:
2462:
170:
6678:"Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)"
1594:
The estimated energy at impact when the largest fragment of
1717:
The photo of the Caloris Planitia on Mercury. Taken by the
272:, and has been used to characterize the energy released in
1354:
developed a prototype thermonuclear device, nicknamed the
6741:, Washington, D.C.: Pentagon Publishing, pp. 83–84,
6251:
Khokhlov, A.; Mueller, E.; Hoeflich, P. (March 1, 1993).
4445:"Botroseya church bombing death toll rises to 29 victims"
1506:
The approximate total yield of the super-eruption of the
4364:"Convert tons of TNT to foot pounds | energy conversion"
234:(of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184
6653:
4259:"Appendix B8 – Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically"
3982:"Tons (Explosives) to Gigajoules Conversion Calculator"
6083:"Seismic effects of the Caloris basin impact, Mercury"
5426:
Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. (May 3, 2016).
4981:"Country Comparison :: Electricity – consumption"
4830:"Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Long Term Health Effects"
1627:
Estimates in 2010 show that the kinetic energy of the
1207:
The energy output that would be released by a typical
804:
on December 11, 2016 that left 29 dead and 47 injured
5311:
Commonwealth of Australia 2012, Bureau of Meteorology
5016:"NOAA FAQ: How much energy does a hurricane release?"
4970:(Calculated from 2007 value of 936 kWh monthly usage)
3399:
1969:
906:
A real 0.454-kiloton-of-TNT (1.90 TJ) charge at
5517:"Minimize Harm and Security Risks of Nuclear Energy"
5397:"Global nuclear weapons: downsizing but modernizing"
4415:"The Energy in Wildfires: The Western United States"
53:
The explosion from a 14-kiloton nuclear test at the
8569:
8521:
8478:
8420:
8321:
8251:
8200:
8191:
8118:
8084:
8075:
8034:
8027:
8007:
7960:
7942:
7898:
7803:
7785:
7653:
7567:
7500:
7445:
7436:
7384:
7292:
7283:
7250:
7193:
7155:
7146:
7067:
6999:
6922:
6864:
6704:(25th Anniversary ed.). Simon & Schuster.
6060:"Sun: Amount of Energy the Earth Gets from the Sun"
5239:, all from Carey Sublette's Nuclear Weapon Archive.
4314:"Convert tons of TNT to joules | energy conversion"
1871:(GRBs) release more than 10 joules of energy.
881:Conventional bombs yield from less than one ton to
140:
118:
96:
85:
77:
67:
62:
41:
7585:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
6759:, Volumes I–IV (second ed.), Oxford: Pergamon
6466:Environmental Engineering & Management Journal
5066:Comparison of Fusion/Antiproton Propulsion systems
4884:"Kinetic Energy of Tornadoes in the United States"
4389:"Tons Of Tnt to Kilowatt-hours | Kyle's Converter"
3839:, a unit of energy almost exactly 10 tonnes of TNT
1931:Estimated mass-energy of the observable universe.
1399:in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia).
27:Class of units of measurement for explosive energy
5020:National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
4882:Fricker, Tyler; Elsner, James B. (July 1, 2015).
1791:The explosive energy of a quantity of TNT of the
1743:The explosive energy of a quantity of TNT of the
200:. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded,
5401:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
1577:The solar irradiance of the Sun every 12 hours.
1371:2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai volcanic eruption
6800:. The National Academies Press, nap.edu. 2004.
5940:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4734:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1690:The total energy output of the Sun per second.
6452:US Army FM 3–34.214: Explosives and Demolition
5664:"Tambora 1815: Just How Big Was The Eruption?"
1895:A merger of two black holes, resulting in the
1767:Total solar output in all directions per day.
1548:Approximate yield of the last eruption of the
1455:The aftermath of the 1960 Valdivia earthquake.
8288:Small sealed transportable autonomous (SSTAR)
6838:
6739:Field Manual 5-25: Explosives and Demolitions
6607:"methylenedinitramine | CH4N4O4 | ChemSpider"
5467:Kristensen, Hans M; Norris, Robert S (2015).
5208:Currently deployed U.S. nuclear weapon yields
5047:"How much energy does an earthquake release?"
4276:
1608:The impact site of the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9
1304:An animation of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
920:(5 by 10 m (17 by 34 ft)) awaiting
8:
5249:Díaz, J. S.; Rigby, S. E. (August 9, 2022).
4687:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4289:"Tons Of Tnt to Calories | Kyle's Converter"
3957:
3955:
1971:Some relative effectiveness factor examples
1384:The solar irradiance on Earth every second.
1337:The damage caused by the 2011 Tōhoku tsunami
6145:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
5786:
5784:
5759:"Comet/Jupiter Collision FAQ – Post-Impact"
5367:"Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance"
5307:"The eruption of Krakatoa, August 27, 1883"
4506:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p. 249.
1055:, or about 3.2 kilotons of TNT equivalent.
8454:
8265:
8197:
8081:
8031:
8024:
7800:
7626:
7613:
7442:
7289:
7152:
6861:
6845:
6831:
6823:
6766:CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry
4950:"Frequently Asked Questions – Electricity"
4475:"How do Thunderstorms and Lightning Work?"
4188:
4186:
4062:"Joules to Megatons Conversion Calculator"
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
1043:on April 18, 1947, blasted the bunkers on
47:
38:
6777:
6423:"Big Bang Energy (Ask an Astrophysicist)"
6366:
6304:
6164:
6114:
6029:"Climatic Effect of Impacts on the Ocean"
5977:
5959:
5492:
5451:
5274:
5219:Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons
4925:
4907:
4754:
4638:
860:The energy output released by an average
6676:Thompson, A.; Taylor, B.N. (July 2008).
6554:. United States Department of the Army.
3896:
3894:
3822:Table of explosive detonation velocities
1897:first observation of gravitational waves
1867:The largest type of supernova observed,
1673:The impact energy of Archean asteroids.
670:
341:
268:. The TNT equivalent appears in various
5879:Kornei, Katherine (December 20, 2018).
5156:"USGS.gov: USGS WPhase Moment Solution"
3973:
3854:
3083:Plastics Gel® (in toothpaste tube: 45%
1510:is 10,000 times more powerful than the
754:The energy to burn 1 kilogram of wood.
580:1 ton TNT equivalent is approximately:
8215:Liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR)
6757:Chemistry and Technology of Explosives
6525:from the original on February 10, 2017
5798:Geological Society of America Bulletin
4960:from the original on November 23, 2010
4808:
4797:
4680:
4221:from the original on December 26, 2018
4193:Charles E. Needham (October 3, 2017).
4072:from the original on November 24, 2009
1843:used to determine galactic distances.
1653:The animation of the Chicxulub impact.
1558:Image of the Yellowstone supervolcano.
8220:Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE)
6499:from the original on October 22, 2020
5930:Henehan, Michael J.; Ridgwell, Andy;
5586:"Measuring the Size of an Earthquake"
5377:from the original on January 24, 2018
5158:. Earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from
5026:from the original on November 2, 2017
4824:
4822:
4702:Ruffman, Alan; Howell, Colin (1994).
4520:from the original on January 14, 2021
4265:from the original on January 29, 2016
3926:1 day is equivalent to 86400 seconds.
3917:1 hour is equivalent to 3600 seconds.
1516:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
1264:events emit their energy entirely as
889:is equivalent to 500 kg of TNT.
7:
8644:
5407:from the original on October 7, 2016
5182:"USGS Energy and Broadband Solution"
5068:. 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference.
4169:. New York: Wiley-VCH. p. 406.
321:pile of TNT may yield (for example)
8225:Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR)
6737:HQ Department of the Army (2004) ,
6561:from the original on August 5, 2020
6429:. February 11, 1998. Archived from
5592:. September 1, 2009. Archived from
5064:Borowski, Stanley K. (March 1996).
4590:from the original on August 6, 2020
4551:from the original on August 6, 2020
3992:from the original on March 17, 2017
1144:The typical energy yield of severe
792:Amount of TNT used (12 kg) in
7185:Positron-emission tomography (PET)
6201:Cosmic Helospheric Learning Center
5850:"Extinctions in the fossil record"
5618:. December 7, 2022. Archived from
4954:United States Department of Energy
4859:Crook, Aaron (February 10, 2010).
4840:from the original on July 23, 2015
4570:Staff, W. S. J. (August 6, 2020).
1487:(the first atomic bomb to drop on
1321:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
317:), but the explosion of an actual
280:Historical derivation of the value
25:
7208:Neutron capture therapy of cancer
7107:Radioisotope thermoelectric (RTG)
6203:. August 16, 2000. Archived from
6027:Zahnle, K. J. (August 26, 2018).
6001:Nield, David (October 22, 2019).
5544:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
5473:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
5432:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
5036:cites 6E14 watts continuous.
4613:; Tyas, A. (September 22, 2020).
4455:from the original on May 24, 2024
1479:The total energy released by the
1395:The total energy released by the
1281:1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
1260:, which are almost undetectable.
100:
8643:
8632:
8631:
8619:
8308:Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR)
5347:from the original on May 8, 2017
5337:"Status of World Nuclear Forces"
5184:. March 16, 2011. Archived from
4664:"Space Weather Services website"
4539:Fuwad, Ahamad (August 5, 2020).
4413:Timcheck, Jonathan (Fall 2017).
3325:4,4’-Dinitro-3,3’-diazenofuroxan
3237:MEDINA (Methylene dinitroamine)
1524:A photo of the La Garita Caldera
885:'s 44 tons. The yield of a
7397:Historical stockpiles and tests
6642:https://i.imgur.com/nTirCcn.png
6631:https://i.imgur.com/yHlPKb4.png
5313:. April 5, 2012. Archived from
5132:. April 4, 2010. Archived from
1279:Approximate total yield of the
270:nuclear weapon control treaties
163:is a convention for expressing
8298:Energy Multiplier Module (EM2)
7180:Single-photon emission (SPECT)
6385:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241102
5428:"Russian nuclear forces, 2016"
4500:Homer-Dixon, Thomas F (2002).
3648:modern thermonuclear warhead (
2191:water gel) commercial product
1512:1980 Mount St. Helens eruption
1481:1815 eruption of Mount Tambora
1262:Electron–positron annihilation
831:to make "homemade" diamonds. (
302:has been stated for a gram of
1:
8626:Nuclear technology portal
6794:"3. Thermobaric Explosives".
6701:The Making of the Atomic Bomb
5662:Klemetti, Erik (April 2022).
5453:10.1080/00963402.2016.1170359
4150:Cunningham, Bruce J. (2001).
3817:Relative effectiveness factor
3307:Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane
3042:1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene
2430:(13.5% N, NC; AKA guncotton)
1938:Relative effectiveness factor
8488:Field-reversed configuration
8098:Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz
6797:Advanced Energetic Materials
6693:Nuclear Weapons FAQ Part 1.3
6684:. NIST Special Publication.
4909:10.1371/journal.pone.0131090
4135:Maienschein, Jon L. (2002).
4100:Maienschein, Jon L. (2002).
3812:Orders of magnitude (energy)
3628:Classic (one-stage) fission
1296:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
667:Orders of magnitude (energy)
178:defined by convention to be
8445:Aircraft Reactor Experiment
7392:States with nuclear weapons
6755:Urbański, Tadeusz (1985) ,
6087:Planetary and Space Science
5688:Evans, Robert (July 2002).
3518:(non-nuclear bomb, GBU-43)
3461:Massive Ordnance Penetrator
2492:Diethylene glycol dinitrate
1369:The energy released by the
1319:The energy released in the
8713:
8283:Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR)
7407:Tests in the United States
6779:10.2533/000942904777677669
6519:"Whitehall Paraindistries"
6257:Astronomy and Astrophysics
5738:BBC Science Focus Magazine
5276:10.1007/s00193-022-01092-4
5224:December 16, 2008, at the
5213:September 7, 2016, at the
5070:NASA Glenn Research Center
4640:10.1007/s00193-020-00970-z
4479:www.thenakedscientists.com
4037:"Convert Gigaton to Joule"
4012:"Convert Megaton to Joule"
3750:
3733:
3716:
3699:
3682:
3665:
3644:
3627:
3607:
3590:
3573:
3552:
3531:
3514:
3497:
3476:
3458:
3435:Bomb used in Oklahoma City
3433:
3374:
3357:
3340:
3322:
3305:
3288:
3267:
3250:
3236:
3215:
3194:
3168:
3151:
3134:
3112:
3082:
3057:
3039:
3022:
2993:
2976:
2959:
2938:
2917:
2901:
2863:
2834:
2809:
2784:
2763:
2742:
2713:
2680:
2664:
2639:
2614:
2597:
2580:
2563:
2537:
2507:
2490:
2460:
2443:
2426:
2401:
2384:
2359:
2343:
2326:
2301:
2285:
2260:
2226:
2204:
2183:
2162:
2146:
2125:
2104:
2087:
2070:
2034:
2018:
1997:
1707:The kinetic energy of the
664:
211:) of energy are released.
29:
8613:
8468:
8408:Stable Salt Reactor (SSR)
8303:Reduced-moderation (RMWR)
8268:
8110:Advanced gas-cooled (AGR)
7640:
7625:
7612:
6860:
6166:10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4
6107:10.1016/j.pss.2011.07.013
6058:Carroll, Carroll (2017).
5469:"US nuclear forces, 2015"
3217:Ethylene glycol dinitrate
2133:+ 6% fuel oil)
1397:1883 eruption of Krakatoa
676:
673:
576:Conversion to other units
114:
46:
8313:Dual fluid reactor (DFR)
7929:Steam-generating (SGHWR)
7265:Electron-beam processing
6719:Cooper, Paul W. (1996),
6698:Rhodes, Richard (2012).
6586:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
5906:"Chicxulub Impact Event"
5564:10.1177/0096340215591247
5494:10.1177/0096340215571913
4245:August 10, 2016, at the
4199:. Springer. p. 91.
4165:Cooper, Paul W. (1996).
2386:Nickel hydrazine nitrate
1550:Yellowstone supervolcano
1447:1960 Valdivia earthquake
1445:The energy yield of the
363:Corresponding mass loss
8428:Organic nuclear reactor
7600:Nuclear power phase-out
7523:Nuclear decommissioning
7463:Reactor-grade plutonium
7213:Targeted alpha-particle
7092:Accidents and incidents
6723:, New York: Wiley-VCH,
6654:"Nuclear weapon design"
6491:Queensland Government.
6355:Physical Review Letters
6323:10.1126/science.1242279
6269:1993A&A...270..223K
6099:2011P&SS...59.1981L
5961:10.1073/pnas.1905989116
5616:"Table-Top Earthquakes"
3862:Mass–energy equivalence
3837:Tonne of oil equivalent
3136:Erythritol tetranitrate
2565:Triaminotrinitrobenzene
2461:PBXW-126 (22% NTO, 20%
1294:Energy released by the
1239:the theoretical maximum
973:Estimated yield of the
954:University of Sheffield
947:Estimated yield of the
887:Tomahawk cruise missile
794:Coptic church explosion
712:of water by one degree
8677:Explosives engineering
6721:Explosives Engineering
6478:10.30638/eemj.2015.284
6197:"Ask A Physicist: Sun"
5866:10.1098/rstb.1994.0045
5590:U.S. Geological Survey
5235:June 17, 2016, at the
4861:"The gathering storms"
4807:Cite journal requires
4756:10.1098/rsta.1949.0007
4393:www.kylesconverter.com
4293:www.kylesconverter.com
4167:Explosives Engineering
4041:www.unitconverters.net
4016:www.unitconverters.net
3802:Net explosive quantity
3686:thermonuclear warhead
3611:(dropped on Nagasaki)
1823:explosion gives off 1–
1722:
1654:
1629:Chicxulub impact event
1609:
1596:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
1559:
1525:
1493:1883 Krakatoa eruption
1456:
1338:
1305:
929:
827:used 2.5 tons of
7590:Anti-nuclear movement
6427:Imagine the Universe!
5763:www.physics.sfasu.edu
5690:"Blast from the Past"
5523:on September 24, 2014
4727:Willmore, PL (1949).
4706:. Nimbus Publishing.
3113:Composition A-5 (98%
2213:) commercial product
2020:Mercury(II) fulminate
2001:(AN + <0.5% H
1716:
1652:
1633:K-Pg extinction event
1607:
1557:
1523:
1518:66 million years ago.
1454:
1336:
1303:
915:
716:at a pressure of one
665:Further information:
619:British thermal units
222:contain more energy.
196:(1,000 kilograms) of
135:4.184 gigajoules
8498:Reversed field pinch
8293:Traveling-wave (TWR)
7777:Supercritical (SCWR)
7275:Gemstone irradiation
5805:(11–12): 1507–1520.
5694:Smithsonian Magazine
5596:on September 1, 2009
4451:. February 4, 2017.
4116:on December 21, 2016
3807:Nuclear weapon yield
3666:Typical (two-stage)
926:Operation Sailor Hat
908:Operation Sailor Hat
878:1.16–51.14 MWh
821:The television show
533:or 4.184 petajoules
503:or 4.184 terajoules
473:or 4.184 gigajoules
443:or 4.184 megajoules
413:or 4.184 kilojoules
7663:Aqueous homogeneous
7458:Reprocessed uranium
7131:Safety and security
6377:2016PhRvL.116x1102A
6315:2014Sci...343...48M
6231:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
6157:2011CeMDA.110..293L
6070:on August 16, 2000.
6045:2018LPICo2065.2056Z
5952:2019PNAS..11622500H
5946:(45): 22500–22504.
5811:2015GSAB..127.1507R
5622:on December 7, 2022
5556:2015BuAtS..71d..77K
5485:2015BuAtS..71b.107K
5444:2016BuAtS..72c.125K
5267:2022ShWav..32..553D
5078:10.2514/6.1987-1814
4995:on January 28, 2012
4956:. October 6, 2009.
4900:2015PLoSO..1031090F
4747:1949RSPTA.242..123W
4631:2020ShWav..30..671R
4576:Wall Street Journal
4425:on January 17, 2018
4152:C-4/tnt equivalency
3402:
2684:(aka HBX, 41%
1972:
1093:17.4–23.2 GWh
857:280–2,800 kWh
563:or 4.184 exajoules
226:Kiloton and megaton
216:explosive materials
109:... is equal to ...
63:General information
8577:Dense plasma focus
7492:Actinide chemistry
6957:Isotope separation
6854:Nuclear technology
6611:www.chemspider.com
6433:on August 19, 2014
6207:on August 16, 2000
5769:on August 28, 2021
4985:The World Factbook
4836:. August 9, 2012.
4668:www.sws.bom.gov.au
4419:large.stanford.edu
4277:NIST SI Guide 2008
4066:unitconversion.org
3986:unitconversion.org
3400:
3309:(HNIW; AKA CL-20)
2945:nitrogen tetroxide
2864:RISAL P (50%
2508:PBXIH-135 EB (42%
2072:Hexamine dinitrate
1970:
1723:
1655:
1610:
1560:
1526:
1457:
1339:
1306:
1041:Operation Big Bang
930:
300:2,673–6,702 J
289:thermodynamic work
150:
142:
128:
120:
8659:
8658:
8609:
8608:
8605:
8604:
8556:Magnetized-target
8453:
8452:
8416:
8415:
8247:
8246:
8243:
8242:
8187:
8186:
8071:
8070:
8003:
8002:
7608:
7607:
7563:
7562:
7432:
7431:
7419:Weapon-free zones
7246:
7245:
7238:Radiopharmacology
6815:978-0-309-09160-2
6748:978-0-9759009-5-6
6730:978-0-471-18636-6
6711:978-1-4516-7761-4
6472:(11): 2671–2678.
6454:, 2007, page 1–2.
6093:(15): 1981–1991.
5714:. August 25, 2021
5712:US Forest Service
5403:. June 13, 2016.
5317:on March 18, 2016
5188:on March 16, 2011
5162:on March 14, 2011
5051:Volcano Discovery
4871:on April 4, 2012.
4713:978-1-55109-095-5
4513:978-0-375-71328-6
4503:The Ingenuity Gap
4449:Egypt Independent
4176:978-0-471-18636-6
3788:
3787:
3768:Operation Dominic
3735:Tsar nuclear bomb
3393:
3392:
3252:Trinitroazetidine
2903:Hydrazine nitrate
2328:Hexanitrostilbene
2227:ANNMAL (66%
2110:hexamine peroxide
1976:Explosive, grade
1935:
1934:
1821:type Ia supernova
1508:La Garita Caldera
1434:joules of energy
1170:20 MWh – 700 GWh
1017:Halifax Explosion
573:
572:
368:milligram of TNT
158:
157:
97:Conversions
16:(Redirected from
8704:
8692:Equivalent units
8647:
8646:
8635:
8634:
8624:
8623:
8622:
8534:
8493:Levitated dipole
8463:
8455:
8403:Helium gas (GFR)
8266:
8261:
8198:
8082:
8032:
8025:
8020:
8019:
7801:
7797:
7796:
7635:
7627:
7619:Nuclear reactors
7614:
7513:High-level (HLW)
7443:
7290:
7270:Food irradiation
7260:Atomic gardening
7153:
7136:Nuclear meltdown
6962:Nuclear material
6952:Fissile material
6947:Fertile material
6862:
6847:
6840:
6833:
6824:
6819:
6790:
6781:
6760:
6751:
6733:
6715:
6689:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6650:
6644:
6639:
6633:
6628:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6603:
6597:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6560:
6549:
6541:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6530:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6504:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6461:
6455:
6449:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6419:
6413:
6412:
6370:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6308:
6287:
6281:
6280:
6248:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6237:
6227:"Sun Fact Sheet"
6223:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6168:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6118:
6078:
6072:
6071:
6066:. Archived from
6055:
6049:
6048:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6013:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5981:
5963:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5910:www.lpi.usra.edu
5902:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5845:
5839:
5838:
5819:10.1130/B31167.1
5788:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5765:. Archived from
5755:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5638:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5582:
5576:
5575:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5519:. Archived from
5513:
5507:
5506:
5496:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5393:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5333:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5278:
5246:
5240:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5136:on April 4, 2010
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5106:. Archived from
5096:
5090:
5089:
5086:2060/19960020441
5061:
5055:
5054:
5053:. June 12, 2023.
5043:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5012:
5006:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4991:. Archived from
4977:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4929:
4911:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4867:. Archived from
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4826:
4817:
4816:
4810:
4805:
4803:
4795:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4758:
4741:(843): 123–151.
4724:
4718:
4717:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4686:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4642:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4421:. Archived from
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4285:
4279:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4261:. July 2, 2009.
4255:
4249:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4190:
4181:
4180:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4115:
4108:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3978:
3962:
3961:Predicted values
3959:
3950:
3946:
3927:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3898:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3718:B41 nuclear bomb
3701:B53 nuclear bomb
3537:thermobaric bomb
3403:
3396:Nuclear examples
3389:
3342:Heptanitrocubane
3290:Hexanitrobenzene
2168:acetone peroxide
1999:Ammonium nitrate
1973:
1961:ammonium nitrate
1927:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1891:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1869:gamma-ray bursts
1863:
1861:
1854:
1852:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1815:
1813:
1806:
1804:
1787:
1785:
1778:
1776:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1709:Caloris Planitia
1701:
1699:
1684:
1682:
1670:>28 ZWh
1667:
1665:
1621:
1619:
1588:
1586:
1571:
1569:
1433:
1431:
1330:
1328:
1313:
1209:tropical cyclone
1167:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1138:
1136:
1126:strategic bomb.
1090:
1088:
1066:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1033:
1031:
1009:
1007:
988:
986:
967:
965:
949:Beirut explosion
941:
939:
900:
898:
875:
873:
854:
852:
846:
844:
815:
813:
786:
784:
765:
763:
748:
746:
731:
729:
698:
696:
682:Megatons of TNT
671:
653:
651:
641:
639:
629:
627:
617:
615:
612:
602:
600:
590:
588:
562:
560:
544:petagram of TNT
532:
530:
514:teragram of TNT
502:
500:
484:gigagram of TNT
472:
470:
454:megagram of TNT
442:
440:
430:milliton of TNT
424:kilogram of TNT
412:
410:
400:microton of TNT
383:or 4.184 joules
382:
342:
328:
326:
320:
316:
314:
306:upon explosion.
301:
274:asteroid impacts
260:
258:
245:
243:
206:
191:
184:
154:
153:10 calories
151:
143:
136:
133:
129:
121:
55:Nevada Test Site
51:
39:
21:
8712:
8711:
8707:
8706:
8705:
8703:
8702:
8701:
8697:Trinitrotoluene
8687:Units of energy
8662:
8661:
8660:
8655:
8620:
8618:
8601:
8565:
8532:
8517:
8474:
8464:
8459:
8449:
8412:
8317:
8262:
8255:
8254:
8239:
8183:
8114:
8089:
8067:
8039:
8021:
8014:
8013:
8012:
7999:
7965:
7956:
7938:
7903:
7894:
7808:
7791:
7790:
7789:
7781:
7695:Natural fission
7649:
7648:
7636:
7631:
7621:
7604:
7580:Nuclear weapons
7559:
7518:Low-level (LLW)
7496:
7428:
7380:
7279:
7242:
7189:
7142:
7063:
6995:
6918:
6856:
6851:
6816:
6793:
6763:
6754:
6749:
6736:
6731:
6718:
6712:
6697:
6675:
6672:
6663:
6661:
6658:Knowledge (XXG)
6652:
6651:
6647:
6640:
6636:
6629:
6625:
6615:
6613:
6605:
6604:
6600:
6590:
6588:
6579:
6578:
6574:
6564:
6562:
6558:
6547:
6543:
6542:
6538:
6528:
6526:
6517:
6516:
6512:
6502:
6500:
6490:
6489:
6485:
6463:
6462:
6458:
6450:
6446:
6436:
6434:
6421:
6420:
6416:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6299:(6166): 48–51.
6289:
6288:
6284:
6250:
6249:
6245:
6235:
6233:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6210:
6208:
6195:
6194:
6190:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6080:
6079:
6075:
6064:Ask a Physicist
6057:
6056:
6052:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6011:
6009:
6000:
5999:
5995:
5929:
5928:
5924:
5914:
5912:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5889:
5887:
5878:
5877:
5873:
5860:(1307): 11–17.
5847:
5846:
5842:
5790:
5789:
5782:
5772:
5770:
5757:
5756:
5752:
5742:
5740:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5717:
5715:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5687:
5686:
5682:
5672:
5670:
5661:
5660:
5656:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5625:
5623:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5599:
5597:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5526:
5524:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5425:
5424:
5420:
5410:
5408:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5380:
5378:
5371:armscontrol.org
5365:
5364:
5360:
5350:
5348:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5320:
5318:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5248:
5247:
5243:
5237:Wayback Machine
5226:Wayback Machine
5215:Wayback Machine
5205:
5201:
5191:
5189:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5165:
5163:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5139:
5137:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5113:
5111:
5110:on May 12, 2013
5098:
5097:
5093:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5029:
5027:
5022:. August 2001.
5014:
5013:
5009:
4998:
4996:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4963:
4961:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4894:(7): e0131090.
4881:
4880:
4876:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4843:
4841:
4828:
4827:
4820:
4806:
4796:
4792:100.2/ADA269600
4785:
4784:
4780:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4714:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4679:
4672:
4670:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4593:
4591:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4554:
4552:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4523:
4521:
4514:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4484:
4482:
4481:. March 6, 2007
4473:
4472:
4468:
4458:
4456:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4428:
4426:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4397:
4395:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4372:
4370:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4322:
4320:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4297:
4295:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4268:
4266:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4247:Wayback Machine
4238:
4234:
4224:
4222:
4207:
4192:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4045:
4043:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4020:
4018:
4010:
4009:
4005:
3995:
3993:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3953:
3947:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3892:
3883:
3881:
3875:cross-sectional
3872:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3793:
3762:43,000,000,000
3501:(Daisy Cutter)
3482:Earthquake bomb
3428:
3423:
3417:kilotons of TNT
3414:
3398:
3387:
3359:Octanitrocubane
2765:Composition C-4
2744:Composition C-3
2643:, Nobel's (75%
2599:Trinitrobenzene
2304:Trinitrotoluene
2205:Hydromite 600 (
2043:
2004:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1949:octanitrocubane
1940:
1923:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1887:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1859:
1857:
1850:
1848:
1841:standard candle
1834:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1811:
1809:
1802:
1800:
1793:mass of the Sun
1783:
1781:
1774:
1772:
1761:
1754:
1752:
1737:
1730:
1728:
1697:
1695:
1680:
1678:
1663:
1661:
1639:, earthquakes,
1617:
1615:
1584:
1582:
1567:
1565:
1476:38.53 PWh
1429:
1427:
1326:
1324:
1311:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1134:
1132:
1086:
1084:
1062:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1029:
1027:
1005:
1003:
984:
982:
975:Oppau explosion
963:
961:
944:2.088 GWh
937:
935:
896:
894:
871:
869:
850:
848:
842:
840:
811:
809:
789:13.94 kWh
782:
780:
768:11.62 kWh
761:
759:
744:
742:
734:1.162 kWh
727:
725:
694:
692:
669:
663:
649:
647:
637:
635:
625:
623:
613:
610:
608:
598:
596:
586:
584:
578:
558:
556:
550:gigaton of TNT
528:
526:
520:megaton of TNT
498:
496:
490:kiloton of TNT
468:
466:
438:
436:
408:
406:
380:
374:nanoton of TNT
324:
322:
319:15,000 ton
318:
312:
310:
299:
282:
256:
254:
241:
239:
228:
201:
186:
179:
152:
149:
141:
134:
131:
127:
119:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8710:
8708:
8700:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8664:
8663:
8657:
8656:
8654:
8653:
8641:
8629:
8614:
8611:
8610:
8607:
8606:
8603:
8602:
8600:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8587:Muon-catalyzed
8584:
8579:
8573:
8571:
8567:
8566:
8564:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8547:
8546:
8536:
8527:
8525:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8484:
8482:
8476:
8475:
8469:
8466:
8465:
8458:
8451:
8450:
8448:
8447:
8442:
8441:
8440:
8435:
8424:
8422:
8418:
8417:
8414:
8413:
8411:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8394:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8327:
8325:
8319:
8318:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8278:Integral (IFR)
8275:
8269:
8263:
8252:
8249:
8248:
8245:
8244:
8241:
8240:
8238:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8206:
8204:
8195:
8189:
8188:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8180:
8179:
8174:
8173:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8142:
8137:
8136:
8135:
8124:
8122:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8093:
8091:
8087:
8079:
8073:
8072:
8069:
8068:
8066:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8044:
8042:
8037:
8029:
8022:
8008:
8005:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7997:
7996:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7969:
7967:
7963:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7954:
7948:
7946:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7925:
7924:
7919:
7908:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7891:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7869:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7848:
7843:
7842:
7841:
7836:
7833:
7830:
7827:
7813:
7811:
7806:
7798:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7774:
7773:
7772:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7758:
7757:
7752:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7697:
7692:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7665:
7659:
7657:
7651:
7650:
7642:
7641:
7638:
7637:
7630:
7623:
7622:
7617:
7610:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7602:
7597:
7595:Uranium mining
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7571:
7569:
7565:
7564:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7557:
7552:
7551:
7550:
7545:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7504:
7502:
7498:
7497:
7495:
7494:
7489:
7488:
7487:
7477:
7472:
7471:
7470:
7468:Minor actinide
7465:
7460:
7449:
7447:
7440:
7434:
7433:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7410:
7409:
7404:
7394:
7388:
7386:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7366:
7361:
7360:
7359:
7354:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7333:
7332:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7296:
7294:
7287:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7256:
7254:
7248:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7199:
7197:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7165:Autoradiograph
7161:
7159:
7150:
7144:
7143:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7138:
7128:
7127:
7126:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7073:
7071:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7005:
7003:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6974:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6928:
6926:
6920:
6919:
6917:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6887:Atomic nucleus
6884:
6879:
6874:
6868:
6866:
6858:
6857:
6852:
6850:
6849:
6842:
6835:
6827:
6821:
6820:
6814:
6806:10.17226/10918
6791:
6772:(6): 383–389,
6761:
6752:
6747:
6734:
6729:
6716:
6710:
6695:
6690:
6671:
6670:
6660:, May 28, 2024
6645:
6634:
6623:
6598:
6572:
6536:
6510:
6483:
6456:
6444:
6414:
6361:(24): 241102.
6344:
6282:
6243:
6218:
6188:
6130:
6073:
6050:
6019:
5993:
5922:
5897:
5871:
5840:
5780:
5750:
5725:
5699:
5680:
5654:
5633:
5607:
5577:
5534:
5508:
5459:
5438:(3): 125–134.
5418:
5388:
5358:
5328:
5298:
5261:(6): 553–561.
5241:
5199:
5173:
5147:
5121:
5091:
5056:
5038:
5007:
4972:
4941:
4874:
4851:
4818:
4809:|journal=
4778:
4719:
4712:
4694:
4654:
4625:(6): 671–675.
4611:Langdon, G. S.
4601:
4562:
4531:
4512:
4492:
4466:
4436:
4405:
4380:
4368:convert-to.com
4355:
4343:convert-to.com
4330:
4318:convert-to.com
4305:
4280:
4250:
4232:
4206:978-3319653822
4205:
4182:
4175:
4157:
4142:
4127:
4092:
4083:
4053:
4028:
4003:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3951:
3928:
3919:
3910:
3908:square meters.
3890:
3888:square meters.
3866:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3740:50,000–56,000
3738:
3737:(three-stage)
3731:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3720:(three-stage)
3714:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3431:
3430:
3429:effectiveness
3425:
3420:
3409:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:nitrocellulose
3055:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:Nitrotriazolon
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:Methyl nitrate
2974:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2538:PBXN-109 (64%
2535:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:Nitrocellulose
2424:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:Nitroguanidine
2283:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:Dinitrobenzene
2085:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1994:
1993:effectiveness
1989:
1982:
1977:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1908:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1844:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1779:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1735:
1725:
1724:
1705:
1702:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1657:
1656:
1645:climate change
1625:
1622:
1612:
1611:
1592:
1589:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1562:
1561:
1546:
1545:1.02 EWh
1543:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1422:1.69 PWh
1420:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1292:
1291:30.6 TWh
1289:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1219:18.6 TWh
1217:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:Tunguska event
1190:
1189:1.16 TWh
1187:
1183:
1182:
1175:kinetic energy
1173:The estimated
1171:
1168:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1128:
1127:
1094:
1091:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1067:
1057:
1056:
1037:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1013:
1010:
1000:
999:
992:
991:2.67 GWh
989:
979:
978:
971:
970:1.16–2.32 GWh
968:
958:
957:
945:
942:
932:
931:
904:
901:
891:
890:
879:
876:
866:
865:
858:
855:
837:
836:
819:
818:2.90 MWh
816:
806:
805:
790:
787:
777:
776:
769:
766:
756:
755:
752:
749:
739:
738:
735:
732:
722:
721:
702:
701:1.162 Wh
699:
689:
688:
683:
679:
678:
675:
662:
659:
658:
657:
645:
643:kilowatt-hours
633:
621:
606:
594:
577:
574:
571:
570:
569:46.55 kg
567:
564:
554:
551:
548:
545:
541:
540:
537:
534:
524:
521:
518:
515:
511:
510:
509:46.55 mg
507:
504:
494:
491:
488:
485:
481:
480:
477:
474:
464:
461:
458:
455:
451:
450:
449:46.55 ng
447:
444:
434:
431:
428:
425:
421:
420:
417:
414:
404:
401:
398:
395:
391:
390:
387:
384:
378:
375:
372:
369:
365:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
281:
278:
266:nuclear weapon
227:
224:
176:unit of energy
173:
161:TNT equivalent
156:
155:
147:
138:
137:
125:
116:
115:
112:
111:
106:
99:
98:
94:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
71:
65:
64:
60:
59:
52:
44:
43:
42:TNT equivalent
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8709:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8669:
8667:
8652:
8651:
8642:
8640:
8639:
8630:
8628:
8627:
8616:
8615:
8612:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8574:
8572:
8568:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8545:
8544:electrostatic
8542:
8541:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8529:
8528:
8526:
8524:
8520:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8481:
8477:
8473:
8467:
8462:
8456:
8446:
8443:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8430:
8429:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8419:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8326:
8324:
8323:Generation IV
8320:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8273:Breeder (FBR)
8271:
8270:
8267:
8264:
8259:
8250:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8207:
8205:
8203:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8190:
8178:
8175:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8152:
8151:
8148:
8147:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8134:
8131:
8130:
8129:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8121:
8117:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8099:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8090:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8074:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8045:
8043:
8041:
8033:
8030:
8026:
8023:
8018:
8011:
8006:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7966:
7959:
7953:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7945:
7941:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7905:
7897:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7853:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7840:
7837:
7834:
7831:
7828:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7812:
7810:
7802:
7799:
7795:
7788:
7784:
7778:
7775:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7747:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7670:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7656:
7652:
7647:
7646:
7639:
7634:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7615:
7611:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7575:Nuclear power
7573:
7572:
7570:
7566:
7556:
7555:Transmutation
7553:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7540:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7499:
7493:
7490:
7486:
7483:
7482:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7435:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7399:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7383:
7375:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7352:high-altitude
7350:
7349:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7342:Proliferation
7340:
7338:
7335:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7282:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7249:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7228:Brachytherapy
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7196:
7192:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7158:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7145:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7132:
7129:
7125:
7122:
7121:
7120:
7117:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7070:
7066:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7024:Cross section
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
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6998:
6990:
6987:
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6811:
6807:
6803:
6799:
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6792:
6789:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6762:
6758:
6753:
6750:
6744:
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6735:
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6713:
6707:
6703:
6702:
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6674:
6673:
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6638:
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6627:
6624:
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6576:
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6524:
6520:
6514:
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6498:
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6487:
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6424:
6418:
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6410:
6406:
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6398:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6360:
6356:
6348:
6345:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6307:
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6298:
6294:
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6283:
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6274:
6270:
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6219:
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6126:
6122:
6117:
6112:
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6100:
6096:
6092:
6088:
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6077:
6074:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6054:
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6046:
6042:
6038:
6034:
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6023:
6020:
6008:
6004:
5997:
5994:
5989:
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5980:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5933:
5932:Thomas, Ellen
5926:
5923:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5898:
5886:
5882:
5875:
5872:
5867:
5863:
5859:
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5844:
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5794:
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5764:
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5739:
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5709:
5703:
5700:
5695:
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5669:
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5655:
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5637:
5634:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5608:
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5591:
5587:
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5578:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
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5549:
5545:
5538:
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5522:
5518:
5512:
5509:
5504:
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5470:
5463:
5460:
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5433:
5429:
5422:
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5398:
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5389:
5376:
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5368:
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5342:
5338:
5332:
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5316:
5312:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5245:
5242:
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5234:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5209:
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5187:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5148:
5135:
5131:
5125:
5122:
5109:
5105:
5104:pubs.usgs.gov
5101:
5095:
5092:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5060:
5057:
5052:
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5021:
5017:
5011:
5008:
4994:
4990:
4986:
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4959:
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4951:
4945:
4942:
4937:
4933:
4928:
4923:
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4910:
4905:
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4897:
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4889:
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4839:
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4779:
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3991:
3987:
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3808:
3805:
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3800:
3798:
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3783:
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3769:
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3639:
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3626:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3593:suitcase nuke
3591:Hypothetical
3589:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3577:, B54 (SADM)
3576:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3558:Davy Crockett
3555:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:GBU-57 bomb (
3457:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3421:
3418:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3395:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3376:Octaazacubane
3373:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3169:PBXW-11 (96%
3167:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2961:Nitroglycerin
2958:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2939:Mixture: 30%
2937:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2918:Mixture: 24%
2916:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:1A (76%
2812:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2715:Composition B
2712:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2055:low explosive
2052:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1907: joules
1898:
1894:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1745:mass of Earth
1742:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1704:280 ZWh
1703:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1687:106 ZWh
1686:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1643:, and global
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1624:116 EWh
1623:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:350 PWh
1533:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1503:280 PWh
1502:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1407:630 TWh
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1392:230 TWh
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1146:thunderstorms
1143:
1140:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1069:9.3 GWh
1068:
1059:
1058:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1036:3.6 GWh
1035:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1012:3.4 GWh
1011:
1002:
1001:
997:
993:
990:
981:
980:
976:
972:
969:
960:
959:
955:
950:
946:
943:
934:
933:
927:
923:
919:
914:
909:
905:
903:581 MWh
902:
893:
892:
888:
884:
880:
877:
868:
867:
863:
859:
856:
839:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:
820:
817:
808:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
788:
779:
778:
774:
770:
767:
758:
757:
753:
750:
741:
740:
736:
733:
724:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
700:
691:
690:
687:
684:
681:
680:
672:
668:
660:
656:
655:electronvolts
646:
644:
634:
632:
622:
620:
607:
605:
595:
593:
583:
582:
581:
575:
568:
565:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
538:
535:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
512:
508:
505:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
482:
478:
475:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
452:
448:
445:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
422:
418:
415:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
392:
388:
385:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
366:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
343:
340:
337:
335:
330:
307:
305:
296:
292:
290:
285:
279:
277:
275:
271:
267:
262:
252:
247:
237:
233:
225:
223:
221:
217:
212:
210:
205:
199:
195:
190:
183:
177:
172:
168:
166:
162:
148:
146:
139:
126:
124:
123:SI base units
117:
113:
110:
107:
105:
101:
95:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
70:
66:
61:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
8648:
8636:
8617:
8597:Pyroelectric
8551:Laser-driven
8331:Sodium (SFR)
8258:fast-neutron
8097:
7643:
7533:Reprocessing
7414:WMD treaties
7373:
7233:Radiosurgery
7203:Fast-neutron
7175:Scintigraphy
6796:
6769:
6765:
6756:
6738:
6720:
6700:
6685:
6681:
6662:, retrieved
6657:
6648:
6637:
6626:
6614:. Retrieved
6610:
6601:
6589:. Retrieved
6585:
6575:
6563:. Retrieved
6551:
6539:
6527:. Retrieved
6513:
6501:. Retrieved
6486:
6469:
6465:
6459:
6451:
6447:
6435:. Retrieved
6431:the original
6426:
6417:
6358:
6354:
6347:
6296:
6292:
6285:
6260:
6256:
6246:
6234:. Retrieved
6230:
6221:
6211:February 23,
6209:. Retrieved
6205:the original
6200:
6191:
6148:
6144:
6133:
6116:1721.1/69472
6090:
6086:
6076:
6068:the original
6063:
6053:
6036:
6032:
6022:
6010:. Retrieved
6007:ScienceAlert
6006:
5996:
5943:
5939:
5925:
5913:. Retrieved
5909:
5900:
5888:. Retrieved
5884:
5874:
5857:
5853:
5843:
5802:
5796:
5773:February 24,
5771:. Retrieved
5767:the original
5762:
5753:
5741:. Retrieved
5737:
5728:
5716:. Retrieved
5711:
5702:
5693:
5683:
5671:. Retrieved
5667:
5657:
5645:. Retrieved
5636:
5626:February 10,
5624:. Retrieved
5620:the original
5610:
5598:. Retrieved
5594:the original
5589:
5580:
5547:
5543:
5537:
5525:. Retrieved
5521:the original
5511:
5476:
5472:
5462:
5435:
5431:
5421:
5409:. Retrieved
5391:
5379:. Retrieved
5370:
5361:
5349:. Retrieved
5340:
5331:
5321:February 23,
5319:. Retrieved
5315:the original
5310:
5301:
5258:
5254:
5244:
5202:
5192:February 10,
5190:. Retrieved
5186:the original
5176:
5164:. Retrieved
5160:the original
5150:
5140:February 10,
5138:. Retrieved
5134:the original
5124:
5112:. Retrieved
5108:the original
5103:
5094:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5050:
5041:
5028:. Retrieved
5010:
4997:. Retrieved
4993:the original
4984:
4975:
4962:. Retrieved
4944:
4891:
4887:
4877:
4869:the original
4864:
4854:
4842:. Retrieved
4833:
4800:cite journal
4781:
4738:
4732:
4722:
4703:
4697:
4671:. Retrieved
4667:
4657:
4622:
4618:
4604:
4592:. Retrieved
4575:
4565:
4553:. Retrieved
4544:
4534:
4522:. Retrieved
4502:
4495:
4483:. Retrieved
4478:
4469:
4457:. Retrieved
4439:
4427:. Retrieved
4423:the original
4418:
4408:
4396:. Retrieved
4392:
4383:
4371:. Retrieved
4367:
4358:
4346:. Retrieved
4342:
4333:
4321:. Retrieved
4317:
4308:
4296:. Retrieved
4292:
4283:
4267:. Retrieved
4253:
4235:
4223:. Retrieved
4195:
4166:
4160:
4151:
4145:
4136:
4130:
4120:December 12,
4118:. Retrieved
4111:the original
4102:
4095:
4086:
4076:November 23,
4074:. Retrieved
4065:
4056:
4044:. Retrieved
4040:
4031:
4019:. Retrieved
4015:
4006:
3994:. Retrieved
3985:
3976:
3922:
3913:
3878:surface area
3869:
3857:
3775:(two-stage)
3770:
3703:(two-stage)
3668:nuclear bomb
3119:stearic acid
2941:nitrobenzene
2920:nitrobenzene
2445:Nitromethane
2320:
2315:
2310:
2302:
2148:Urea nitrate
2036:Black powder
1965:
1945:
1941:
1641:megatsunamis
1352:Soviet Union
1347:58 TWh
1316:53 TWh
1276:28 TWh
1254:annihilation
1246:
1242:
1234:25 TWh
1204:10 TWh
996:solar energy
916:454 tons of
822:
773:arcing fault
677:Description
579:
394:gram of TNT
381:4.184 J
338:
331:
308:
297:
293:
286:
283:
263:
250:
248:
231:
229:
213:
160:
159:
108:
103:
78:Unit of
73:Non-standard
36:
8508:Stellarator
8472:confinement
8366:Superphénix
8193:Molten-salt
8145:VHTR (HTGR)
7922:HW BLWR 250
7888:R4 Marviken
7817:Pressurized
7787:Heavy water
7771:many others
7700:Pressurized
7655:Light water
7357:underground
7315:Disarmament
7223:Tomotherapy
7218:Proton-beam
7082:Power plant
7044:Temperature
6877:Engineering
6565:October 23,
6263:: 223–248.
5600:January 17,
5255:Shock Waves
4999:October 22,
4964:October 21,
4619:Shock Waves
4524:November 7,
4225:January 25,
4196:Blast Waves
3949:explosions.
3443:racing fuel
3412:Total yield
2872:+ 15%
2868:+ 28%
2792:+ 44%
2721:+ 36%
2688:+ 40%
2622:+ 30%
2582:Picric acid
2550:'s system)
2524:'s system)
2477:'s system)
2409:+ 20%
2367:+ 20%
2268:+ 50%
2231:+ 25%
2045:+ 19%
1985:Detonation
1899:, released
1591:7 EWh
1485:Little Boys
1442:3 PWh
1114:dropped on
1112:atomic bomb
1103:dropped on
1101:atomic bomb
1073:Minor Scale
1021:Picric acid
864:discharge.
833:Episode 116
824:MythBusters
631:foot-pounds
460:ton of TNT
334:kilocalorie
202:4.184
189:gigacalorie
180:4.184
69:Unit system
8672:Explosives
8666:Categories
8533:(acoustic)
8150:PBR (PBMR)
7538:Spent fuel
7528:Repository
7508:Fuel cycle
7475:Activation
7252:Processing
7119:Propulsion
7077:by country
7009:Activation
6545:"FM 5–250"
6503:August 24,
6368:1602.03840
6151:(4): 293.
5479:(2): 107.
5230:Tsar Bomba
4844:January 7,
4834:K1 project
4215:1005353847
3996:January 6,
3844:References
3784:3,042,400
3772:Housatonic
3752:Antimatter
3746:2,100,000
3729:5,100,000
3712:2,200,000
3695:4,960,000
3675:650–1,120
3661:1,300,000
3535:(advanced
3478:Grand Slam
2884:+ 2%
2880:+ 1%
2876:+ 4%
2817:+ 6%
2767:(91%
2746:(78%
2725:+ 1%
2717:(63%
2618:(70%
2405:(80%
2363:(80%
2264:(50%
2239:+ 3%
2235:+ 5%
2129:(94%
2053:, ancient
2049:+ 6%
2038:(75%
1987:vel. (m/s)
1764: RWh
1740: RWh
1381:97.04 TWh
1356:Tsar Bomba
1266:gamma rays
1251:antiproton
1224:earthquake
1098:Little Boy
1045:Heligoland
994:Amount of
922:detonation
718:atmosphere
686:Watt-hours
566:1.162 PWh
536:1.162 TWh
506:1.162 GWh
476:1.162 MWh
446:1.162 kWh
386:1.162 mWh
345:Grams TNT
236:terajoules
204:kilojoules
194:metric ton
182:gigajoules
91:ton of TNT
8503:Spheromak
8202:Fluorides
7866:IPHWR-700
7861:IPHWR-540
7856:IPHWR-220
7645:Moderator
7325:Explosion
7300:Arms race
7087:Economics
7039:Reflector
7034:Radiation
7029:Generator
6984:Plutonium
6937:Deuterium
6902:Radiation
6872:Chemistry
6788:0009-4293
6580:PubChem.
6529:March 31,
6437:March 23,
6409:217406416
6393:0031-9007
6306:1311.5254
6277:0004-6361
6236:March 22,
6183:122755461
6175:1572-9478
6125:0032-0633
6012:April 23,
5970:0027-8424
5915:April 23,
5890:March 21,
5827:0016-7606
5743:April 23,
5718:April 23,
5647:March 21,
5572:145759562
5550:(4): 77.
5503:145260117
5293:251480018
5285:1432-2153
5166:March 13,
5114:April 23,
4918:1932-6203
4765:0080-4614
4673:April 23,
4649:1432-2153
4594:August 7,
4584:0099-9660
4555:August 7,
4545:DNA India
4485:March 22,
4429:March 31,
4398:March 22,
4373:March 22,
4348:March 22,
4323:March 22,
4298:March 22,
4269:March 29,
4046:March 22,
4021:March 22,
3969:Citations
3849:Footnotes
3672:500–1000
3556:, Mk-54 (
3539:, ATBIP)
3441:based on
3427:Relative
3275:grade B)
3196:Penthrite
3059:Gelignite
3044:, FOX-7)
2786:Pentolite
2649:diatomite
2369:aluminium
2345:Nitrourea
1991:Relative
1892: Wh
1864: Wh
1858:(2.8–5.6)
1849:(2.4–4.8)
1816: Wh
1810:(2.8–5.6)
1801:(2.4–4.8)
1788: Wh
1719:MESSENGER
1711:impactor.
1637:volcanism
1465:3.34 PWh
1366:70.9 TWh
1258:neutrinos
1105:Hiroshima
1053:10 J
862:lightning
704:≈ 1 food
561:10 J
531:10 J
501:10 J
479:46.55 μg
471:10 J
441:10 J
419:46.55 pg
416:1.162 Wh
411:10 J
389:46.55 fg
351:Tons TNT
327:10 J
315:10 J
259:10 J
244:10 J
207:(or 4184
102:1 t
89:t,
57:, in 1951
8638:Category
8592:Polywell
8523:Inertial
8480:Magnetic
8235:TMSR-LF1
8230:TMSR-500
8210:Fuji MSR
8170:THTR-300
8010:Graphite
7873:PHWR KWU
7839:ACR-1000
7767:IPWR-900
7750:ACPR1000
7745:HPR-1000
7735:CPR-1000
7710:APR-1400
7501:Disposal
7453:Actinide
7446:Products
7305:Delivery
7148:Medicine
6977:depleted
6972:enriched
6942:Helium-3
6907:ionizing
6582:"Medina"
6556:Archived
6523:Archived
6497:Archived
6401:27367378
6331:24263134
6039:: 2056.
5988:31636204
5405:Archived
5375:Archived
5345:Archived
5233:Archived
5222:Archived
5211:Archived
5030:June 30,
5024:Archived
4958:Archived
4936:26132830
4888:PLOS ONE
4838:Archived
4683:cite web
4588:Archived
4549:Archived
4518:Archived
4453:Archived
4263:Archived
4243:Archived
4219:Archived
4070:Archived
3990:Archived
3797:Brisance
3791:See also
3692:272–308
3678:900,000
3484:, M110)
3388:>5.00
2641:Dynamite
2616:Tetrytol
2494:(DEGDN)
2361:Tritonal
2211:emulsion
1721:orbiter.
1574:4.2 EWh
1542:875,000
1531:301,000
1500:240,000
1179:tornados
1141:280 GWh
1116:Nagasaki
751:5.6 kWh
710:kilogram
661:Examples
592:calories
539:46.55 g
360:Energy
357:Energy
220:dynamite
18:Kilotons
8650:Commons
8561:Z-pinch
8531:Bubble
8513:Tokamak
8376:FBR-600
8356:CFR-600
8351:BN-1200
8017:coolant
7944:Organic
7829:CANDU 9
7826:CANDU 6
7794:coolant
7755:ACP1000
7730:CAP1400
7668:Boiling
7633:Fission
7480:Fission
7424:Weapons
7364:Warfare
7347:Testing
7337:History
7330:effects
7285:Weapons
7195:Therapy
7170:RadBall
7157:Imaging
7049:Thermal
7014:Capture
7001:Neutron
6989:Thorium
6967:Uranium
6932:Tritium
6912:braking
6892:Fission
6882:Physics
6865:Science
6664:July 7,
6616:May 20,
6591:May 20,
6552:bits.de
6373:Bibcode
6339:9782862
6311:Bibcode
6293:Science
6265:Bibcode
6153:Bibcode
6095:Bibcode
6041:Bibcode
5979:6842625
5948:Bibcode
5835:3463018
5807:Bibcode
5673:June 7,
5552:Bibcode
5481:Bibcode
5440:Bibcode
5341:fas.org
5263:Bibcode
4927:4489157
4896:Bibcode
4743:Bibcode
4627:Bibcode
4459:June 8,
3756:43,000
3743:26,500
3723:25,000
3640:50,000
3609:Fat Man
3603:80,000
3586:43,500
3504:0.0075
3487:0.0065
3469:13,600
3466:0.0035
3463:, MOP)
3448:0.0018
3384:15,000
3367:10,600
3333:10,000
3269:Octogen
3254:(TNAZ)
3153:Hexogen
3040:DADNE (
2567:(TATB)
2187:Extra (
1981:(g/ml)
1979:Density
1600:Jupiter
1598:struck
1473:33,000
1109:Fat Man
1085:(1.5–2)
714:Celsius
706:calorie
674:Energy
354:Symbol
348:Symbol
251:megaton
232:kiloton
187:1
169:ton of
132:
8682:Scales
8461:Fusion
8421:Others
8361:Phénix
8346:BN-800
8341:BN-600
8336:BN-350
8165:HTR-PM
8160:HTR-10
8140:UHTREX
8105:Magnox
8100:(UNGG)
7993:Lucens
7988:KS 150
7725:ATMEA1
7705:AP1000
7688:Kerena
7568:Debate
7320:Ethics
7310:Design
7293:Topics
7124:rocket
7102:Fusion
7097:Policy
7059:Fusion
7019:Poison
6897:Fusion
6812:
6786:
6745:
6727:
6708:
6407:
6399:
6391:
6337:
6329:
6275:
6181:
6173:
6123:
5986:
5976:
5968:
5833:
5825:
5570:
5527:May 4,
5501:
5411:May 4,
5381:May 4,
5351:May 4,
5291:
5283:
4934:
4924:
4916:
4865:Cosmos
4771:
4763:
4710:
4647:
4582:
4510:
4213:
4203:
4173:
3781:3,239
3778:9,960
3726:4,850
3709:4,050
3706:9,000
3689:1,200
3630:A-bomb
3623:4,500
3620:4,600
3613:A-bomb
3569:1,000
3563:0.022
3545:9,100
3542:0.044
3524:9,800
3521:0.011
3507:6,800
3499:BLU-82
3490:9,900
3451:2,300
3407:Weapon
3378:(OAC)
3361:(ONC)
3350:9,200
3344:(HNC)
3315:9,500
3298:9,340
3292:(HNB)
3281:9,100
3260:9,597
3243:8,700
3229:8,300
3208:8,400
3187:8,720
3175:HyTemp
3161:8,600
3155:(RDX)
3144:8,206
3138:(ETN)
3127:8,470
3105:7,940
3087:+ 45%
3075:7,970
3050:8,330
3032:8,120
3026:(NTO)
3015:8,690
3001:+ 19%
2986:7,900
2969:7,700
2952:8,290
2943:+ 70%
2931:8,060
2922:+ 76%
2910:8,500
2894:5,980
2856:7,640
2842:+ 20%
2827:7,670
2811:Semtex
2802:7,520
2777:8,040
2756:7,630
2735:7,840
2706:7,440
2692:+ 18%
2682:Torpex
2673:7,770
2666:Tetryl
2657:7,200
2647:+ 23%
2632:7,370
2620:tetryl
2607:7,300
2601:(TNB)
2590:7,350
2584:(TNP)
2573:7,550
2556:7,450
2546:, 16%
2542:, 20%
2530:7,060
2516:, 25%
2512:, 33%
2500:6,610
2483:6,450
2473:, 12%
2469:, 26%
2465:, 20%
2453:6,360
2436:6,400
2419:6,570
2403:Amatol
2394:7,000
2388:(NHN)
2377:6,650
2352:6,860
2336:7,080
2330:(HNS)
2294:6,750
2278:6,290
2262:Amatol
2253:5,360
2219:5,550
2209:water
2197:5,690
2176:5,300
2155:4,700
2139:4,200
2118:4,520
2097:6,025
2091:(DNB)
2080:5,070
2074:(HDN)
2027:4,250
2011:2,700
1462:2,870
1439:2,680
1419:1,460
1344:50–56
870:(1–44)
604:joules
209:joules
165:energy
104:in ...
86:Symbol
81:Energy
8582:Migma
8570:Other
8539:Fusor
8438:Piqua
8433:Arbus
8391:PRISM
8133:MHR-T
8128:GTMHR
8058:EGP-6
8053:AMB-X
8028:Water
7973:HWGCR
7912:HWLWR
7851:IPHWR
7822:CANDU
7683:ESBWR
7438:Waste
7402:Tests
7385:Lists
7369:Yield
7112:MMRTG
7069:Power
6559:(PDF)
6548:(PDF)
6405:S2CID
6363:arXiv
6335:S2CID
6301:arXiv
6179:S2CID
5831:S2CID
5668:Wired
5568:S2CID
5499:S2CID
5289:S2CID
4773:91443
4769:JSTOR
4114:(PDF)
4107:(PDF)
3832:Tonne
3548:4.83
3527:1.13
3510:1.10
3493:0.66
3472:0.26
3454:0.78
3424:(kg)
3422:Mass
3381:2.69
3370:2.38
3364:1.95
3347:1.92
3336:1.95
3330:1.98
3323:DDF (
3318:1.90
3312:1.97
3301:1.80
3295:1.97
3284:1.70
3278:1.86
3263:1.70
3257:1.85
3246:1.70
3240:1.65
3232:1.66
3226:1.49
3211:1.66
3205:1.77
3190:1.60
3184:1.81
3177:, 3%
3173:, 1%
3164:1.60
3158:1.78
3147:1.60
3141:1.72
3130:1.60
3124:1.65
3117:+ 2%
3108:1.60
3102:1.51
3095:+ 4%
3093:DEGDN
3091:+ 5%
3078:1.60
3072:1.60
3065:+ 7%
3061:(92%
3053:1.60
3047:1.77
3035:1.60
3029:1.87
3018:1.54
3012:1.83
3005:+ 1%
2997:(80%
2995:Octol
2989:1.54
2983:1.21
2980:(MN)
2972:1.54
2966:1.59
2963:(NG)
2955:1.50
2949:1.39
2934:1.50
2928:1.48
2913:1.42
2907:1.59
2897:1.40
2891:1.39
2859:1.35
2853:1.79
2846:+ 4%
2838:(76%
2836:Hexal
2830:1.35
2824:1.55
2805:1.33
2799:1.66
2788:(56%
2780:1.34
2774:1.59
2759:1.33
2753:1.60
2738:1.33
2732:1.72
2709:1.30
2703:1.80
2696:+ 1%
2676:1.25
2670:1.71
2660:1.25
2654:1.48
2635:1.20
2629:1.60
2610:1.20
2604:1.60
2593:1.17
2587:1.71
2576:1.17
2570:1.80
2559:1.17
2553:1.68
2533:1.17
2527:1.81
2522:TMETN
2503:1.17
2497:1.38
2486:1.10
2480:1.80
2456:1.10
2450:1.13
2447:(NM)
2439:1.10
2433:1.40
2422:1.10
2416:1.55
2397:1.05
2391:1.70
2380:1.05
2374:1.70
2355:1.05
2349:1.45
2339:1.05
2333:1.70
2316:6,900
2306:(TNT)
2297:0.95
2291:1.32
2281:0.91
2275:1.50
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