Knowledge (XXG)

Dubul' ibhunu

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society that is committed to healing the divisions" the charges brought against him were an attempt at suppressing "legitimate criticism and debate." In July 2023 the Johannesburg High Court set aside the 2019 SAHRC finding, ruling that the SAHRC had acted outside its mandate in its finding on hateful speech.
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Malema first sang the song during a speech he was giving, in his capacity as President of the ANCLY, at the University of Johannesburg in 2010; where he sang in the context of post-1994 South Africa's slow resolution to the problem unequal distribution of land ownership along racial lines. Four weeks
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Malema, now leader of the EFF, again appeared in court in 2022 for allegedly singing the song in a case brought by Afriforum where the issue of whether or not the song was hate speech was debated. The Johannesburg High Court ruled that the chant and song were not intended to be taken seriously; that
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and subsequent transfer of power from white-minority government was a notable period of instability for South Africa marked with fears of potential for widespread racial violence. It was feared that the assassination of Chris Hani might trigger such violence and political chaos. This coincided with
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The SAHRC acquitted Malema on five accounts of hate speech towards White and Indian South Africans, one of the charges being for the singing of an altered "Kiss the boer" version of dubul' ibhunu. The SAHRC found that although Malema's comments were "still quite problematic to us in a democratic
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satisfies the crime of incitement to murder." The court ruled that Julius Malema, who was brought before the court for previously singing the song at rallies, was forbidden from singing it in the future. Following the ruling Malema changed the wording of the song to "Kiss the Boer" and sang that
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Supporters of the song see it as a song that articulates an important part of South Africa's history, is an important part of political discourse, and that its meaning has been misconstrued. Opponents of the song argue that can be seen to bear a literal interpretation and therefore constitutes
208:" chant at ANC rallies. Chuene was convicted for Heuer's murder and sought clemency for what he argued was a politically motivated killing. Heuer's wife refused to give her permission to grant Chuene amnesty, arguing that Chuene's act was criminal in motivation rather than political. 309:). Following the EFF's 2023 rally Afriforum stated that the song was, according to testimony from Amanda Platt, sung by the perpetrators during a violent farm attack on Tim and Amanda Platt in KwaZulu-Natal; citing the incident as evidence of the song's literal and violent intent. 324:
opened a case of intimidation. Malema later denied the accusation, citing Judge Molahlehi's 2022 judgement that the song was to be interpreted within its political context and thus not to be taken literally. Malema also stated that he and the EFF would continue to sing the song.
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as 'kill the boer, kill the farmer' are perceiving a "vulgarised" version of the song that "incit conflict" and that the song should instead be interpreted in the context of the struggle against apartheid as referring to a system. Critics of the song such as
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in 1985. The song was brought up in testimony during the trail wherein the prosecutor tried to link the defendants to the song and thereby prove malicious intent. The defense was able to rebut the implication that the accused acted with
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instead—however, it can be argued to still have the same psychological influence as the original, due to the well-known context for the altered lyrics. The following year, the ANC stated that they would not sing the song any more.
286:, was murdered on his farm. Following these events the Afrikaner civil rights organisation AfriForum opened a case against Malema alleging that his use of the song was a provocation to racial violence and hate speech. 417:
did not literally refer to White or Afrikaans people; that the song did not incite hatred towards White people generally; and ruled the song was not hate speech. Afriforum appealed the decision and in 2024 the
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In September 2011, the Equality Court at the South Gauteng High Court ruled that the song was discriminatory, harmful, undermined the dignity of Afrikaners, and thereby constituted hate speech; and that it
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has issued a notice stating that despite its origins, the crude lyrics could be interpreted as a call for violence and urged to avoid invoking expressions that include violent threats.
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for singing the song, accusing him of "openly pushing for the genocide of white people in South Africa". Malema subsequently replied on Twitter stating "
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The song has been the subject of multiple court cases seeking to determine if the song is a form of hate speech, which is not protected speech by the
2205: 1898: 3141: 3039: 2678: 2367: 2128: 1713:"APLA and the Amnesty Committee of the TRC? An Ethical Analysis of the Amnesty Committee of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa" 381:('shoot the boer') amounted to hate speech and was therefore not protected free speech as outlined in section 16 of the South African constitution. 2735: 2561: 1955: 866: 366: 2287: 1520: 1434: 204:
hearings, Ntuthuko Chuene claimed that he killed Godfrey Frederick Lanz Heuer on his farm in August 1992 because he had been influenced by the "
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At the EFF's 10th anniversary rally in 2023, Malema (now as leader of the EFF) again sang the song to an estimated 90,000 supporters at the
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The song is controversial in post-apartheid South Africa, where it has experienced a revival, being most notably sung by then
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Thompson, Mabunda M.; Ramhurry, Cindy (7 March 2014). "A uniting song that divides: A critical analysis of (Kill the Boer)".
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of the eastern Cape frontier in southern Africa who migrated to the rest of what would become South Africa during the
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The song has origins across the South African anti-apartheid political spectrum and was used by both the ANC and
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Depending on the interpretation, the song might alternatively refer to institutional structures such as the
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Afriforum had failed to establish a causal link between the song and violence; that the reference to
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in South Africa during apartheid, white farmers, or to a specific ethnic or racial group generally.
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At Mokaba's funeral in 2002 the crowd spontaneously sang the song while ANC leaders were present.
2931: 2905: 1228: 1037: 1029: 821: 321: 1874:"Elon Musk vs Julius Malema: EFF leader accused of inciting genocide with 'Kill the boer' song" 1521:""Dubula ibhunu" (shoot the boer): A psycho-political analysis of farm attacks in South Africa" 1435:""Dubula ibhunu" (shoot the boer): A psycho-political analysis of farm attacks in South Africa" 3004: 2924: 2097: 1845:"'I will sing 'Kill the Boer' as and when I please': Malema responds to struggle song outrage" 1735: 1660: 1630: 1600: 1220: 1021: 354: 337: 1687:"Truth Commission - Special Report - Transcript of episode 57, section 4, starting at: 21:24" 1405: 3034: 2730: 2609: 1727: 1212: 1013: 813: 784: 2037: 1200: 2994: 2880: 2847: 2802: 2763: 2692: 2262:"GROUNDUP: EFF singing of 'Kill the Boer, Kill the Farmer' not hate speech, court rules" 114:
also means 'farmer' in the Afrikaans language and, depending on the context, is often a
2812: 2619: 2533: 145: 60: 43: 1601:"TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION: "KILL THE BOER" SLOGAN LED TO FARM KILLING: TRC" 3120: 2837: 2822: 2624: 2586: 2538: 2419: 1232: 1041: 871: 825: 259: 103: 64: 2334: 2206:"'Afriforum failed to establish causal link between 'Kill the boer' & violence'" 3024: 2181:"Expert witness in hate crime case unpacks use and significance of 'Dubul' ibhunu'" 1248:"There are reasons to worry about 'Kill the Boer', but genocide is not one of them" 212: 166: 2061:"Judge to ignore 'shoot the boer' order for Malema case – The Mail & Guardian" 1017: 341:
reported on a "surge" in attacks on white farmsteads after the EFF sang the song.
2288:"Malema, Economic Freedom Fighters singing 'Kill the Boer' ruled not hate speech" 1712: 1631:"TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION: ANC, IFP MEN AT TRC FOR KWA/NATAL VIOLENCE" 1088: 1056:"Malema, Economic Freedom Fighters singing 'Kill the Boer' ruled not hate speech" 817: 2945: 1956:"Afriforum opposed to 'Kill the Boer' chant at EFF 10th anniversary celebration" 1686: 1002:"Song, identity and the state: Julius Malema's "Dubul' ibhunu" song as catalyst" 391: 290: 80: 1551:
Song, Identity and the State: Julius Malema’s ‘Dubul’ Ibhunu’ Song as Catalyst.
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In March 2010 South Gauteng High Court found that the phrase, spoken or sung,
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confirmed the High Court's verdict that the song, as sung during the
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believe that the song encourages, and can be partly blamed for, the
1474:. South African Police Service. 31 July 2003. pp. 14, 233, 445 188:
One of the first recorded accounts of dubul' ibhunu was during the
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when it was proven that they were not present during its singing.
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Farm attacks in SA surge after EFF sings "Kill the Boer" song
125:(NP), or to specific groups of people such as members of the 83:. Social and political commentators on South Africa, such as 2453: 2090:"South Africa: ANC promises to stop singing Shoot the Boer" 1661:"SAPA - 29 Aug 97 - PAC'S GREAT STORM RETURNS TO HAUNT IT" 278:
after Malema's 2010 singing of the song the leader of the
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South Africa's official opposition political party, the
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sang the song at a 1993 memorial rally for the recently
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and so is an offence to utter, or if it is a form of
293:. The incident received international coverage with 2987: 2914: 2872: 2771: 2754: 2672: 2569: 2552: 2476: 2465: 2397: 2236:"English translation of Aw Dubul'ibhunu | IOL News" 867:"It's not whites who should fear Malema's rhetoric" 1742:– via Scientific Electronic Library Online. 365:Following a complaint from the Freedom Front the 75:-dominated apartheid government of South Africa. 2703:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty 2027:, the south african.com. Accessed 8 August 2023. 1759:"'Shoot the boer': It's hate speech, says judge" 1534:: 22 – via University of the Western Cape. 282:(a far-right wing Afrikaner nationalist party), 235:a violent paramilitary campaign launched by the 2598:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa 2042:Archive and Public Culture Research Initiative 1329:"Editorial | Post-Dubula maturity is required" 270:", is often associated with the phenomenon of 2375: 1116:"ANC OK with Malema singing "shoot the boer"" 217:assassinated anti-apartheid leader Chris Hani 8: 2342:Southern African Legal Information Institute 1785:"Hate speech charge laid against Jacob Zuma" 1459: 1457: 1455: 316:, stated it would file a complaint with the 2642:South African Liberal Students' Association 2869: 2473: 2382: 2368: 2360: 1172:"Uproar as judge bars Shoot the Boer song" 788: 2179:Masweneng, Kgaugelo (18 February 2022). 946:"'Shoot the boer': Lost in translation?" 763: 357:that is protected by the constitution. 211:Anti-apartheid activist and politician 2122: 2120: 2118: 1595: 1593: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1495:"'Shoot the Boer' freedom song banned" 1296: 1294: 1147:"'Shoot the Boer' freedom song banned" 908: 906: 904: 902: 900: 898: 896: 894: 892: 890: 839:Broughton, By Tania (25 August 2022). 373:2010 South Gauteng High Court decision 252:African National Congress Youth League 163:violent attacks on South African farms 71:when it was first sung to protest the 2230: 2228: 2226: 2083: 2081: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1867: 1865: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1586:(1): 275–301 – via UOW Library. 1569: 1567: 1428: 1426: 1301:Grootes, Stephen (20 February 2022). 1194: 1192: 1083: 1081: 1079: 1077: 970:Msila, Vuyisile (20 September 2011). 939: 937: 935: 408:2022 Johannesburg High Court decision 367:South African Human Rights Commission 254:(ANCLY) leader, later leader of the 42: 7: 2636:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs 1981:Masungwini, Norman (2 August 2023). 3157:Race-related controversies in music 2724:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign 2260:Broughton, Tania (25 August 2022). 1929:Ramushwana, Alpha (2 August 2023). 1843:Kgosana, Rorisang (2 August 2023). 1555:Journal of African Cultural Studies 1413:Poetics and Linguistics Association 1006:Journal of African Cultural Studies 399:2019 Human Rights Commission ruling 361:2003 Human Rights Commission ruling 318:United Nations Human Rights Council 266:. The song, along with the slogan " 202:Truth and Reconciliation Commission 2659:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front 2604:Congress of South African Students 2153:Kgosana, Rorisang (14 July 2023). 2008:"ADL Statement on "Kill the Boer"" 1493:Mutasa, Haru (13 September 2011). 1404:Robinson, Rensia (6 August 2002). 1272:Jansen, Jonathan (3 August 2023). 1246:Jansen, Jonathan (2 August 2023). 944:Quintal, Genevieve (19 May 2011). 915:"'Kill the Boer': a brief history" 771:Gray, Louise (10 September 2010). 25: 2286:Masson, Eunice (25 August 2022). 1872:Ditabo, Malaika (1 August 2023). 865:Croucamp, Piet (11 August 2023). 262:and then South African President 3101: 3100: 2894:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer) 2630:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project 2127:Tandwa, Lizeka (27 March 2019). 2088:Smith, David (1 November 2012). 1353:Bailie, Craig (10 August 2023). 237:Azanian People's Liberation Army 116:pejorative term for an Afrikaner 3142:South African political slogans 2648:South African Students Congress 1720:Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 1639:South African Press Association 1609:South African Press Association 1199:Gray, Louise (September 2010). 1089:"South Africa's songs of power" 913:Brkic, Branko (29 March 2010). 2562:South Africa political parties 2059:Staff Reporter (19 May 2011). 1557:, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 326–41. 206:kill the Boer, kill the farmer 1: 2798:(Don't) touch me on my studio 2654:South African Wine Initiative 2312:Moosa, Tauriq (30 May 2024). 1018:10.1080/13696815.2015.1035701 148:has stated that interpreting 118:when used by non-Afrikaners. 67:. The song originates in the 2746:Unemployed Peoples' Movement 2592:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging 818:10.1080/18125980.2014.893091 385:2011 Equality Court decision 280:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging 272:farm attacks in South Africa 3162:Anti-white racism in Africa 2974:No Land! No House! No Vote! 2888:No Land! No House! No Vote! 1519:Pretorius, Joelien (2014). 1433:Pretorius, Joelien (2014). 225:democratic election in 1994 3178: 3152:Censorship in South Africa 2038:"Heritage or hate speech?" 351:South African Constitution 69:struggle against apartheid 3098: 2741:Treatment Action Campaign 2719:Landless Peoples Movement 2687:South Africa trade unions 2451: 1711:Lephakga, Tshepo (2018). 256:Economic Freedom Fighters 142:African National Congress 3147:Songs about white people 3060:Political assassinations 2736:Social Justice Coalition 2698:Mandela Park Backyarders 2391:Politics of South Africa 1561:. Accessed 28 Jan. 2024. 1217:10.1177/0306422010379686 790:10.1177/0306422010379686 437: 426:, was not hate speech. 223:to South Africa's first 181:(PAC). It pre-dates the 144:(ANC) secretary-general 2900:One Settler, One Bullet 2292:The Mail & Guardian 2046:University of Cape Town 1732:10.25159/2412-4265/2379 1060:The Mail & Guardian 420:Supreme Court of Appeal 268:One settler, one bullet 179:Pan Africanist Congress 129:(colloquially known as 44:[dəbʊliːbuːnuː] 2858:Anti-Chinese sentiment 2843:White monopoly capital 2709:Poor People's Alliance 2459: 1574:Erlmann, Veit (2020). 1114:SAPA (11 March 2010). 747:the cowards are scared 740:the cowards are scared 663:the cowards are scared 656:the cowards are scared 609:the cowards are scared 602:The cowards are scared 600: 330:Anti-Defamation League 297:criticizing Malema on 3045:Legacies of apartheid 2906:"Each One, Teach One" 2863:Anti-Indian sentiment 2808:Proudly South African 2714:Abahlali baseMjondolo 2489:Afrikaner nationalism 2457: 1549:Gunner, Liz (2015). “ 1528:Psychology in Society 1442:Psychology in Society 717:these dogs are raping 710:these dogs are raping 307:You are talking shit" 231:Operation Great Storm 3127:Anti-apartheid songs 3065:Political repression 2960:Long Walk to Freedom 2458:Flag of South Africa 1000:Gunner, Liz (2015). 979:www.sahistory.org.za 284:Eugene Terre'Blanche 219:. The period in the 190:Delmas Treason Trial 127:South African Police 3055:Phala Phala robbery 2953:I Write What I Like 2778:African Renaissance 2504:Black consciousness 2484:African nationalism 1765:. 12 September 2011 1691:sabctrc.saha.org.za 1205:Index on Censorship 1126:on 26 December 2013 981:. UNISA. p. 13 777:Index on Censorship 314:Democratic Alliance 2460: 1791:. 24 February 2012 1763:The M&G Online 1665:www.justice.gov.za 1635:www.justice.gov.za 1605:www.justice.gov.za 950:The M&G Online 690:mother leave me be 686:mother leave me be 636:mother leave me be 632:mother leave me be 531:awe mama ndiyekele 527:awe mama ndiyekele 475:awe mama ndiyekele 471:awe mama ndiyekele 335:On 6 August 2023, 322:Freedom Front Plus 27:South African song 3114: 3113: 3005:Cape Independence 2983: 2982: 2925:African Communist 2881:Amandla Ngawethu! 2783:Alternative media 2772:Political culture 2764:South African law 2668: 2667: 2554:Political parties 1611:. 14 October 1999 1201:"Can Music Kill?" 1151:www.aljazeera.com 773:"Can Music Kill?" 755: 754: 503:ayasab 'a magwala 447:ayasab 'a magwala 424:Senekal incidents 338:The South African 47:), translated as 16:(Redirected from 3169: 3104: 3103: 3040:Land occupations 3035:Labour brokering 2967:Molotov Cocktail 2870: 2731:Reclaim the City 2679:Social movements 2610:Earthlife Africa 2509:Environmentalism 2474: 2384: 2377: 2370: 2361: 2354: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2339: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2232: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2124: 2113: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2085: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2056: 2050: 2049: 2048:. 12 April 2010. 2034: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1926: 1915: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1905:. 29 August 2023 1895: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1869: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1840: 1827: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1807: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1755: 1744: 1743: 1717: 1708: 1702: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1683: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1657: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1641:. 8 October 1999 1627: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1597: 1588: 1587: 1580:Law Text Culture 1571: 1562: 1547: 1536: 1535: 1525: 1516: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1469: 1461: 1450: 1449: 1439: 1430: 1421: 1420: 1410: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1350: 1344: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1298: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1269: 1263: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1243: 1237: 1236: 1196: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1176:legalbrief.co.za 1168: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1122:. 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Index

Kill the Boer
[dəbʊliːbuːnuː]
Xhosa
Zulu
struggle against apartheid
Afrikaner
hate speech
Jonathan Jansen
Stephen Grootes
Boers
Free Burghers
Great Trek
pejorative term for an Afrikaner
National Party
South African Police
armed forces
African National Congress
Gwede Mantashe
AfriForum
TAU-SA
violent attacks on South African farms
White people
Pan Africanist Congress
toyi-toyi
Delmas Treason Trial
mens rea
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Peter Mokaba
assassinated anti-apartheid leader Chris Hani
run-up

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