31:
56:
407:
builds large mounds with diameters up to 6 m (20 ft). Some have interpreted these mounds as being built by termites instead, but termites do not occur at these elevations in Mount Kenya. From those mounds, burrows may extend up to 50 m (160 ft) and be up to 1 m (3.3 ft)
341:
is a very large species with fluffy fur. It is reddish-brown above and lighter brown below. The tip of the snout and the throat are black, and an area around the mouth is white. The feet are brown, but the toes are white. The tail is dark above and off-white below. Males are larger than females.
350:
is dark gray-brown. In 14 specimens, head and body length is 222 to 268 mm (8.7 to 10.6 in), tail length is 54 to 80 mm (2.1 to 3.1 in), hindfoot length is 29 to 33 mm (1.1 to 1.3 in), and skull (condylobasal) length is 47 to 57 mm (1.9 to 2.2 in).
231:
It is a very large, brownish species, with head and body length ranging from 222 to 268 mm (8.7 to 10.6 in). The young are dark with irregular white patches on their underparts. The animal builds large burrows and perhaps associated mounds and eats plant roots.
327:
412:
builds large nests of grass. The animal eats plant roots. Its presence results in a change in vegetation on the mounds, which have fewer grasses and more woody plants, perhaps because the animal eats plant roots or because the soil is altered.
731:
Musser, G.G. and
Carleton, M.D. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. In: Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M., Eds., Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore,
1416:
1403:
784:
249:
1429:
752:
Rundel, P.W., Smith, A.P. and
Meinzer, F.C. 1994. Tropical alpine environments: plant form and function. Cambridge University Press, 376 pp.
408:
deep. One chamber is used for urination and defecation and to store plant matter; it produces a substantial amount of heat. In other chambers,
757:
740:
507:
1513:
1090:
213:
1508:
399:, Kenya, at elevations of up to 4,500 m (15,000 ft). It is common just above the upper limit of forest in the lower
1447:
499:
1434:
342:
Young animals are dark-furred, with some irregular white areas on their underparts. In young animals, the crown area of the
1170:
777:
55:
1442:
1114:
310:
493:
1262:
1214:
1146:
1122:
1498:
1302:
1082:
1230:
1138:
1106:
1074:
770:
726:
East
African mammals in the United States National Museum. Part II. Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Tubulidentata
1345:
1098:
735:
Osborne, P.L. 2000. Tropical ecosystems and ecological concepts. Cambridge
University Press, 464 pp.
364:
346:
is small, but it grows with wear in adulthood until reaching a maximum, after which it shrinks again. The
300:
304:, though without evaluation of the distinctive characters of the previously recognized species. The 2009
1503:
1162:
1154:
221:
150:
936:
1390:
1294:
1329:
1000:
266:
253:
50:
1421:
707:
Duff, A. and Lawson, A. 2004. Mammals of the World: A Checklist. Yale
University Press, 312 pp.
1468:
1377:
1043:
1022:
905:
753:
746:
736:
711:
513:
503:
241:
1473:
1310:
1286:
1008:
992:
944:
274:
provided additional information using more material, and affirmed the relationship between
1455:
1278:
1222:
747:
African game trails: an account of the
African wanderings of an American hunter-naturalist
1270:
1254:
888:
347:
762:
326:
1492:
928:
489:
373:
343:
305:
271:
257:
166:
1382:
1057:
725:
718:
200:
127:
1205:
961:
880:
396:
209:
1368:
30:
1031:
980:
794:
359:
205:
117:
830:
517:
290:
is somewhat darker in color. Since 1974, some taxonomic works have included
212:, where it is common. Originally described as a separate species related to
67:
1460:
1362:
971:
919:
836:
812:
400:
377:
245:
87:
38:
1408:
701:
694:
381:
669:
Journal of the East Africa
Natural History Society and National Museum
641:
Journal of the East Africa
Natural History Society and National Museum
613:
Journal of the East Africa
Natural History Society and National Museum
594:
Journal of the East Africa
Natural History Society and National Museum
1245:
1187:
824:
818:
806:
195:
107:
97:
77:
1339:
864:
846:
325:
495:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1395:
264:; he thought it most closely related to another Kenyan species,
1343:
766:
667:
Young & Evans (1993). "Alpine Vertebrates of Mount Kenya".
639:
Young & Evans (1993). "Alpine Vertebrates of Mount Kenya".
611:
Young & Evans (1993). "Alpine Vertebrates of Mount Kenya".
592:
Young & Evans (1993). "Alpine Vertebrates of Mount Kenya".
368:, which is nearly as large, has smaller teeth and nasals; in
282:. He noted that the two were similar in coloration, but that
380:(lower jaw) is better developed and has the capsule of the
719:
Descriptions of seven new species of East African mammals
308:
follows this arrangement, but the 2005 third edition of
657:
Osborne, 2000, p. 293; Hollister, 1919, p. 42
220:) in 1910, some classify it as the same species as the
728:. United States National Museum Bulletin 99(2):1–184.
1352:
1243:
1203:
1186:
1055:
1020:
969:
960:
917:
862:
845:
721:. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 56(9):1–5.
403:. A female found on October 5 had a large embryo.
712:Structural characteristics of the hair of mammals
704:(subscription required). Oecologia 66(1):116–121.
697:(subscription required). Science 28(729):876–877.
395:is found on the northern and eastern slopes of
778:
702:Lenticular soil mounds in the Kenya highlands
8:
573:Hausman, 1920, plate III, fig. 103
530:Anonymous, 1908; Heller, 1910, pp. 1, 4
555:Musser and Carleton, 2005, pp. 922–923
1340:
1200:
966:
859:
785:
771:
763:
29:
20:
362:are larger and have angles at the sides.
250:Smithsonian-Roosevelt African Expedition
457:
455:
422:
479:Loring in Roosevelt, 1910, p. 547
461:Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 924
286:was much larger; according to Heller,
714:. The American Naturalist 54:496–523.
542:
540:
538:
536:
376:is broader, and the back part of the
7:
1091:Aberdare Mountains African mole-rat
445:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
388:Distribution, Ecology, and Behavior
214:Aberdare Mountains African mole-rat
695:President Roosevelt's African trip
14:
685:Rundel et al., 1994, p. 333
54:
500:Johns Hopkins University Press
492:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005).
429:Hollister, 1919, plate 15
1:
629:Darlington, 1985, p. 116
384:placed further to the front.
1117:(Tachyoryctes macrocephalus)
1115:Big-headed African mole-rat
318:as a "distinctive species".
1514:Taxa named by Edmund Heller
1263:Middle East blind mole-rat
1215:Middle East blind mole-rat
1123:Navivasha African mole-rat
700:Darlington, J.P.E.C. 1985.
582:Hollister, 1919, p. 45
546:Hollister, 1919, p. 42
311:Mammal Species of the World
1530:
1303:Kazakhstan blind mole-rat
1231:Anatolian blind mole-rat (
1171:Storey's African mole-rat
1083:Mianzini African mole-rat
354:In comparison to those of
1509:Mammals described in 1910
1326:
1157:(Tachyoryctes spalacinus)
801:
793:Extant species of family
260:described the species as
208:. It only occurs high on
156:
149:
51:Scientific classification
49:
37:
28:
23:
1217:(Nannospalax ehrenbergi)
1165:(Tachyoryctes splendens)
1147:Rudd's African mole-rat
1139:Rwanda African mole-rat
1125:(Tachyoryctes naivashae)
1107:Kenyan African mole-rat
1085:(Tachyoryctes annectens)
1075:Ankole African mole-rat
749:. Scribner, 529 pp.
1289:(Spalax microphthalmus)
1099:Demon African mole-rat
1077:(Tachyoryctes ankoliae)
449:Heller, 1910, p. 4
1225:(Nannospalax leucodon)
1173:(Tachyoryctes storeyi)
1163:East African mole-rat
1155:Embi African mole-rat
1141:(Tachyoryctes ruandae)
1131:King African mole-rat
1109:(Tachyoryctes ibeanus)
1011:(Rhizomys sumatrensis)
939:(Eospalax rothschildi)
931:(Eospalax fontanierii)
564:Schlitter et al., 2008
335:
41:skull and mandible of
24:King African mole-rat
1233:Nannospalax xanthodon
1101:(Tachyoryctes daemon)
891:(Myospalax myospalax)
470:Duff and Lawson, 2004
329:
222:East African mole-rat
178:King African mole-rat
1149:(Tachyoryctes ruddi)
1093:(Tachyoryctes audax)
995:(Rhizomys pruinosus)
908:(Myospalax psilurus)
745:Roosevelt, T. 1910.
724:Hollister, N. 1919.
710:Hausman, L.A. 1920.
1265:(Spalax ehrenbergi)
1003:(Rhizomys sinensis)
1001:Chinese bamboo rat
937:Rothschild's zokor
883:(Myospalax aspalax)
1305:(Spalax uralensis)
1273:(Spalax giganteus)
1257:(Spalax arenarius)
1133:(Tachyoryctes rex)
1044:Lesser bamboo rat
947:(Eospalax smithii)
906:Transbaikal zokor
356:Tachyoryctes audax
336:
254:Theodore Roosevelt
1484:
1483:
1469:Open Tree of Life
1346:Taxon identifiers
1337:
1336:
1322:
1321:
1311:Podolsk mole-rat
1287:Greater mole-rat
1197:
1194:(Blind mole-rats)
1182:
1181:
1068:
1046:(Cannomys badius)
1037:
1009:Large bamboo rat
993:Hoary bamboo rat
986:
956:
955:
856:
758:978-0-521-42089-1
741:978-0-521-64523-2
717:Heller, E. 1910.
693:Anonymous. 1908.
509:978-0-8018-8221-0
365:T. annectens
301:T. splendens
256:. The next year,
242:John Alden Loring
194:) is a burrowing
174:
173:
16:Species of rodent
1521:
1499:Mammals of Kenya
1477:
1476:
1464:
1463:
1451:
1450:
1438:
1437:
1425:
1424:
1412:
1411:
1399:
1398:
1386:
1385:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1354:Tachyoryctes rex
1341:
1297:(Spalax munzuri)
1295:Munzur mole-rat
1281:(Spalax graecus)
1279:Balkan mole-rat
1223:Lesser mole-rat
1201:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1036:
1035:
1027:
985:
984:
976:
967:
860:
855:
854:
850:
787:
780:
773:
764:
686:
683:
677:
676:
664:
658:
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621:
620:
608:
602:
601:
589:
583:
580:
574:
571:
565:
562:
556:
553:
547:
544:
531:
528:
522:
521:
498:(3rd ed.).
486:
480:
477:
471:
468:
462:
459:
450:
447:
430:
427:
393:Tachyoryctes rex
339:Tachyoryctes rex
332:Tachyoryctes rex
262:Tachyoryctes rex
191:Tachyoryctes rex
162:
160:Tachyoryctes rex
59:
58:
43:Tachyoryctes rex
33:
21:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1472:
1467:
1459:
1456:Observation.org
1454:
1446:
1441:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1407:
1402:
1394:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1348:
1338:
1333:
1318:
1271:Giant mole-rat
1255:Sandy mole-rat
1239:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1178:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1051:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1016:
978:
977:
975:
952:
913:
889:Siberian zokor
852:
851:
849:
841:
797:
791:
690:
689:
684:
680:
666:
665:
661:
656:
652:
638:
637:
633:
628:
624:
610:
609:
605:
591:
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586:
581:
577:
572:
568:
563:
559:
554:
550:
545:
534:
529:
525:
510:
488:
487:
483:
478:
474:
469:
465:
460:
453:
448:
433:
428:
424:
419:
390:
324:
294:and many other
238:
186:Alpine mole-rat
170:
164:
158:
145:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1527:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1465:
1452:
1439:
1426:
1413:
1400:
1387:
1374:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1313:(Spalax zemni)
1308:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1220:
1211:
1209:
1198:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1152:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1096:
1088:
1080:
1071:
1069:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1040:
1038:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1006:
998:
989:
987:
964:
958:
957:
954:
953:
951:
950:
945:Smith's zokor
942:
934:
929:Chinese zokor
925:
923:
915:
914:
912:
911:
895:
894:
886:
870:
868:
857:
843:
842:
840:
839:
833:
827:
821:
815:
809:
802:
799:
798:
792:
790:
789:
782:
775:
767:
761:
760:
750:
743:
733:
729:
722:
715:
708:
705:
698:
688:
687:
678:
659:
650:
631:
622:
603:
584:
575:
566:
557:
548:
532:
523:
508:
481:
472:
463:
451:
431:
421:
420:
418:
415:
389:
386:
323:
320:
244:collected the
237:
234:
172:
171:
165:
154:
153:
147:
146:
139:
137:
133:
132:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1526:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1487:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1004:
999:
997:
996:
991:
990:
988:
982:
974:
973:
968:
965:
963:
959:
949:
948:
943:
941:
940:
935:
933:
932:
927:
926:
924:
922:
921:
916:
910:
909:
903:
901:
897:
896:
893:
892:
887:
885:
884:
878:
876:
872:
871:
869:
867:
866:
861:
858:
848:
847:Myospalacinae
844:
838:
835:Superfamily:
834:
832:
828:
826:
822:
820:
816:
814:
810:
808:
804:
803:
800:
796:
788:
783:
781:
776:
774:
769:
768:
765:
759:
755:
751:
748:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
727:
723:
720:
716:
713:
709:
706:
703:
699:
696:
692:
691:
682:
679:
674:
670:
663:
660:
654:
651:
646:
642:
635:
632:
626:
623:
618:
614:
607:
604:
599:
595:
588:
585:
579:
576:
570:
567:
561:
558:
552:
549:
543:
541:
539:
537:
533:
527:
524:
519:
515:
511:
505:
501:
497:
496:
491:
490:Wilson, D. E.
485:
482:
476:
473:
467:
464:
458:
456:
452:
446:
444:
442:
440:
438:
436:
432:
426:
423:
416:
414:
411:
406:
402:
398:
394:
387:
385:
383:
379:
375:
374:basioccipital
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
352:
349:
345:
340:
333:
328:
321:
319:
317:
313:
312:
307:
306:IUCN Red List
303:
302:
297:
293:
289:
288:T. audax
285:
281:
280:T. audax
277:
273:
272:Ned Hollister
269:
268:
267:T. audax
263:
259:
258:Edmund Heller
255:
251:
248:while on the
247:
243:
235:
233:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
202:
198:in the genus
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:King mole-rat
179:
168:
163:
161:
155:
152:
151:Binomial name
148:
144:
143:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1504:Tachyoryctes
1486:
1353:
1328:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1288:
1280:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1244:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1204:
1172:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1058:Tachyoryctes
1056:
1045:
1021:
1010:
1002:
994:
970:
946:
938:
930:
918:
907:
899:
898:
890:
882:
881:False zokor
875:M. myospalax
874:
873:
863:
681:
672:
668:
662:
653:
644:
640:
634:
625:
616:
612:
606:
597:
593:
587:
578:
569:
560:
551:
526:
494:
484:
475:
466:
425:
409:
404:
392:
391:
369:
363:
355:
353:
338:
337:
331:
315:
309:
299:
296:Tachyoryctes
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
265:
261:
239:
230:
226:T. splendens
225:
217:
201:Tachyoryctes
199:
190:
189:
185:
181:
177:
175:
159:
157:
141:
140:
129:Tachyoryctes
128:
42:
18:
1206:Nannospalax
1065:(Mole rats)
1032:Bamboo rats
981:Bamboo rats
962:Rhizomyinae
900:M. psilurus
410:T. rex
405:T. rex
397:Mount Kenya
370:T. rex
360:nasal bones
322:Description
316:T. rex
298:species in
292:T. rex
284:T. rex
276:T. rex
270:. In 1919,
210:Mount Kenya
142:T. rex
1493:Categories
1188:Spalacinae
829:Suborder:
795:Spalacidae
417:References
314:describes
206:Spalacidae
204:of family
118:Spalacidae
865:Myospalax
831:Myomorpha
805:Kingdom:
240:In 1909,
136:Species:
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
1448:13000048
1422:11106556
1369:Q1767811
1363:Wikidata
1330:Category
1023:Cannomys
972:Rhizomys
920:Eospalax
853:(Zokors)
837:Muroidea
825:Rodentia
819:Mammalia
813:Chordata
811:Phylum:
807:Animalia
675:: 55–92.
647:: 55–92.
619:: 55–92.
600:: 55–92.
518:62265494
401:moorland
378:mandible
330:Hair of
246:holotype
236:Taxonomy
218:T. audax
114:Family:
108:Rodentia
98:Mammalia
88:Chordata
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
39:Holotype
1474:3608564
1409:2438342
1396:1179545
823:Order:
817:Class:
382:incisor
252:led by
124:Genus:
104:Order:
94:Class:
1435:632767
1246:Spalax
756:
739:
516:
506:
372:, the
358:, the
344:molars
196:rodent
169:, 1910
167:Heller
1461:87921
1417:IRMNG
1383:7BG44
902:group
877:group
732:2142.
184:, or
1430:ITIS
1404:GBIF
754:ISBN
737:ISBN
514:OCLC
504:ISBN
348:iris
278:and
176:The
1443:MSW
1391:EoL
1378:CoL
228:).
224:, (
216:, (
188:, (
1495::
1471::
1458::
1445::
1432::
1419::
1406::
1393::
1380::
1365::
904::
879::
673:82
671:.
645:82
643:.
617:82
615:.
598:82
596:.
535:^
512:.
502:.
454:^
434:^
180:,
45:.
1235:)
1034:)
1030:(
983:)
979:(
786:e
779:t
772:v
520:.
334:.
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