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606:, Hawaii's first. This laid the groundwork for the establishment of judicial and executive branches of government, and a system of land ownership was implemented under the Mahele in 1848. The 1839 declaration of rights, the 1840 constitution, and various laws enacted from 1840 to 1842 came to be collectively called the Kumu Kānāwai or "foundation of law." They were published together in a dual Hawaiian/English book with a blue cover, similar to the statutory laws of the New England states at the time, and like them became known in English as the Blue Laws. The Kumu Kānāwai was primarily based on Hawaii's
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40:
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various rulers of the
Pacific Islands, said in part: "There are about to sail for your islands some teachers of the Highest God, Jehovah, to make known unto you His Word for your eternal salvation. . . . I commend these good teachers to your esteem and friendship and exhort you to listen to their instructions. . . . I advise you to throw away your idols, take the Lord Jehovah for your God, worship and love Him and He will bless and save you."
921:
867:, who did not find the popular support for an uprising that they expected. By the end of 1853 the threats, whether real or imagined, caused petitions for the king to consider annexation to the United States. Wyllie and Lee convinced the king to insist that annexation would only be acceptable if Hawaii became a U.S. state.
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408:, born in Maui. Early historians suggested June or July 1814, but one accepted date is August 11, 1813. Biographer P. Christiaan Klieger cites 17 March 1814 as his birthday, which is the date declared by the Privy Council as the official birthday in its meeting of March 16, 1846. He was of the highest
1038:
The age of
Kamehameha III was that of progress and of liberty—of schools and of civilization. He gave us a Constitution and fixed laws; he secured the people in the title to their lands, and removed the last chain of oppression. He gave them a voice in his councils and in the making of the laws by
771:
in Hawaii for the first time. Many commoners were unaware of the program and lost out on the distribution. The domination of his cabinet by
Americans (balanced only by Scot Wyllie and half-Hawaiian Keoni Ana) also discouraged the people. This was not the end of foreign conflicts either. In 1849,
870:
In 1852 a group of missionaries set out from Hawaii for the islands of
Micronesia. They carried with them a letter of introduction that bore the official seal of King Kamehameha III, the then-ruling monarch of the Hawaiian Islands. This letter, originally written in Hawaiian and addressed to the
824:
caused thousands of deaths, mostly on the island of Oʻahu. Judd, always at odds with Wyllie, lost the backing of others who blamed him for not containing the disease (or had other political reasons to want him out of power). Judd was forced to resign on
September 3 and was replaced by
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to resign from the church and become a political advisor. Richards (although he had no legal training himself) gave classes to
Kamehameha III and his councilors on the Western ideas of rule of law and economics. Their first act was a declaration of human rights in 1839.
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795:
and subsequent legislation continued to liberalize politics. The court system was unified, instead of having separate courts for
Hawaiians and foreigners. Local Hawaiian magistrates became Circuit Judges, and a Supreme Court was formed with Lee, Andrews, and
674:
pressured
Kamehameha III into surrendering the Hawaiian kingdom to the British crown, but Kamehameha III alerted London of the captain's rogue actions which eventually restored the kingdom's independence. Less than five months later, British Admiral
1047:
in a ceremony honoring the 175th anniversary of the restoration of
Hawaiian sovereignty in 1843. The statue was created by Oregon artist Thomas Jay Warren for $ 250,000 allotted by the Mayor's Office of Culture and the Arts and is part of Mayor
691:, Sovereignty Restoration Day, an official national holiday of the kingdom. Later that year, on November 28, Britain and France officially recognized the independence of the Hawaiian Kingdom, and that too became a national holiday,
505:
440:(prophet) Kapihe who declared the baby would live. Kauikeaouli was cleansed, laid on a rock, fanned, prayed over and sprinkled with water until he breathed, moved and cried. The prayer of Kapihe was to
748:
had prompted the incidents of 1843 and subsequent litigation. Under
Kamehameha III, Hawaii rapidly transitioned from indigenous traditions to a new legal system based on Anglo-American common law.
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or from Europe meant infected sailors were either recovered or buried at sea by the time they arrived. The short voyage from California brought several waves of diseases that decimated the
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in Europe. The present crises had passed, but the king's health declined, often attributed to his renewed drinking. The annexation question also did not go away. The British minister
520:, the upper classes considered a marriage with a close royal family member to be an excellent way to preserve pure bloodlines. His brother Liholiho (King Kamehameha II) and his Queen
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When Kauikeaouli came to the throne in 1825, the native population numbered about 150,000, which was already less than one-third of the Hawaiian population at the time of
1080:
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543:, would be the most suitable in age, rank, and education for his queen. Kamanele died in 1834 before the wedding took place. Instead Kamehameha III chose to marry
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which they are governed. He was a great national benefactor, and has left the impress of his mild and amiable disposition on the age for which he was born.
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551:. After his sister's death in late 1836, he married Kalama on February 14, 1837, in a Christian ceremony. Kamehameha III and Kalama had two children:
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rejected Paulet's actions and the kingdom was restored on July 31. It was at the end of this period of uncertainty that the king uttered the phrase
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survived and was later adopted by Kamehameha and his wife Queen Kalama. Kūnuiākea lived to adulthood but died childless (1851–1902).
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780:. The French sacked and looted the city after the king refused his demands. In September 1849, Judd was sent with the heir apparent
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and negotiated a treaty of annexation with Wyllie by August 1854. It was never signed, and might not have been ratified by the
436:, but as at birth he appeared to be delivered stillborn, Kuakini did not wish to take him. But Chief Kaikioʻewa summoned his
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and five powerful government ministers. Judd was appointed to the most powerful post of Minister of Finance. Frontier lawyer
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on a diplomatic mission. They returned with a new treaty with the United States but failed in visits to London and Paris.
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of 1848 which redistributed land between the government, king, nobles, and commoners. Foreigners were allowed to own land
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in the history of the Kingdom, ruling for 29 years and 192 days, although in the early part of his reign he was under a
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3291:
Roberta A. Sprague (1991). "Measuring the Mountain: the United States Exploring Expedition on Mauna Loa, 1840–1841".
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On July 31, 2018, a 12-foot bronze statue of Kamehameha III and a flagpole flying the Hawaiian flag was unveiled at
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and planned to marry her since childhood, but the union was opposed by the missionaries due to their perceptions of
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Kamehameha III also presided over the formalization of the court system and land titles. Cases such as those of
693:
570:, had twin illegitimate sons: Kīwalaʻō, who Kamehameha initially took to raise, died young, while the other twin
489:'s arrival to Hawaii in 1778. During his reign, that number would be halved again, due to a series of epidemics.
1575:
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to serve as translator. Judd treated many of the sailors who suffered from altitude sickness on their ascent of
365:. His goal was the careful balancing of modernization by adopting Western ways while keeping his nation intact.
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replaced the informal council of chiefs. The chiefs became the House of Nobles, roughly modeled on the British
3697:
Kamehameha IV on January 11, 1855 speech quoted on page 427 of Ralph Simpson Kuykendall 1965, reprinted from
905:. Although there was some support in the U.S., it would take 105 more years before full statehood of Hawaii.
4094:
3882:
Translation of the constitution and laws of the Hawaiian Islands, established in the reign of Kamehameha III
2164:
859:
Hawaii became a popular winter destination for frustrated prospectors in the 1850s. Some were rumored to be
607:
338:
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Keaweaweʻula Kīwalaʻō Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa Kalani Waiakua Kalanikau Iokikilo Kīwalaʻō i ke kapu Kamehameha
257:
Keaweaweʻula Kīwalaʻō Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa Kalani Waiakua Kalanikau Iokikilo Kīwalaʻō i ke kapu Kamehameha
913:
Kamehameha III died suddenly on December 15, 1854, after a brief illness, which may have been related to a
444:, "Child of God". The rock is preserved as a monument at Keauhou Bay. He was given to Kaikioʻewa to raise.
39:
730:
717:. Seven elected representatives would be the start of a democratic government. The cabinet consisted of a
382:
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510:
224:
2042:
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as members. Voting rules were formalized and the role of the House of Representatives was strengthened.
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458:
215:
138:
2544:
1100:
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685:, "the sovereignty of the land is perpetuated in righteousness". July 31 was celebrated thereafter as
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2015:
1986:
902:
809:
710:
567:
211:
424:(the red trail or the roadway by which the god descends from heaven) after his maternal grandfather
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Kamehameha III led the development of Hawaii's first formal written laws. In 1838, senior advisor
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3821:
3774:
3742:
Leveraging Sovereignty : Kauikeaouli's Global Strategy for the Hawaiian Nation, 1825-1854
3585:
3454:
Jane L. Silverman (1982). "Imposition of a Western Judicial System in the Hawaiian Monarchy".
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3639:
Report on the Culture, Needs, and Concerns of Native Hawaiians, Pursuant to Public Law 96-565
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457:, and the desires to honor the old traditions. Under the influence of Oʻahu's then governor,
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brought increased trade, but also some unwelcome visitors. Previously the long trips around
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The access to his birthplace at Keauhou Bay is via Kamehameha III Road from the north from
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He was succeeded by his nephew and adopted son Alexander Liholiho, who was styled as King
614:
595:
393:
143:
764:
2817:"Hawaiian standing kahili in the Bishop museum: An ethnological and biological analysis"
412:
lineage. Kauikeaouli was about 16 years younger than his brother Liholiho, who ruled as
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1995:
1580:*Paternity is in question as daughter and mother both claim Kalaniopuu as the father.
1544:
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629:. Kamehameha III was happy to support the explorers, and appointed missionary doctor
563:
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358:
231:
105:
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75:
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On May 16, 1854, King Kamehameha III proclaimed the Hawaiian Kingdom neutral in the
4023:
4003:
3953:
3845:
3669:"Ka Hoihoi Ia Ana O Na Kino Kupapau O Na Alii I Make Mua Ma Ka Ilina Hou O Na Alii"
2389:
2006:
1709:
1401:
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He was torn between the Puritan Christian guidelines imposed on the kingdom by the
401:
281:
17:
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and the first statutory law code was established. Kamehameha III also enacted the
362:
101:
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3019:
756:(the first to actually graduate from law school) became the first chief justice.
4033:
2425:
2363:
1553:
882:
760:
722:
536:
521:
389:
238:
134:
3532:
William De Witt Alexander (1897). "Uncompleted treaty of annexation of 1854".
3170:. Honolulu: Department of Anthropology, Bernice P. Bishop Museum. p. 39.
2778:
768:
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was Minister of Foreign Affairs, Richards Minister of Public Instruction, and
610:, various laws enacted since 1823, and the principles of the Christian Bible.
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92:
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3833:
2256:
845:
813:
734:
637:. Wilkes vastly underestimated the task and did not leave until March 1841.
634:
188:
109:
3616:
George Washington Bates (1854). "Chapter XXXIII: Annexation of the group".
3807:
2201:
4028:
2933:
Marjorie Sinclair (1971). "The Sacred Wife of Kamehameha I: Keōpūolani".
2665:
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164:
2920:
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422:
Kaleiopapa Kuakamanolani Mahinalani Kalaninuiwaiakua Keaweaweʻulaokalani
3816:
3458:. Vol. 16. Hawaiian Historical Society, Honolulu. pp. 48–64.
863:
hoping to profit from a rebellion. One of the first was a group led by
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199:
3345:"Lā Kūʻokoʻa: Events Leading to Independence Day, November 28, 1843"
3713:"King Kamehameha III bronze statue to be unveiled at Thomas Square"
3097:
Speeches of His Majesty Kamehameha IV: to the Hawaiian Legislature
873:
853:
849:
639:
476:
462:
372:
318:) (March 17, 1814 – December 15, 1854) was the third king of the
2875:"Kamehameha III's Birthplace: Kauikeaouli Stone nomination form"
763:
was formed on February 10, 1846. This led to what is called the
168:
3957:
613:
Over the next few years, Kamehameha III moved the capital from
524:
were a half-sister and brother couple. He had loved his sister
469:
partner, he rebelled against his partial Christian upbringing.
345:, which was the first Hawaiian Language Constitution, and the
3167:
Symbols of Sovereignty: Feather Girdles of Tahiti and Hawaiʻi
3791:"Determining the Birth Date of Kauikeaouli, Kamehameha III"
2815:
Roger G. Rose, Sheila Conant and Eric P. Kjellgren (1993).
820:
who had no immunity. In the summer of 1853, an epidemic of
3675:. Vol. IV, no. 44. November 4, 1865. p. 2.
2797:
List of bilateral treaties signed by the Kingdom of Hawaii
501:
Kamehameha III and Queen Kalama with his niece and nephews
3382:
Hawaiian Kingdom 1778–1854, foundation and transformation
2913:
Determining the Birth Date of Kauikeaouli, Kamehameha III
2238:
Emma : Hawaiʻiʼs remarkable queen : a biography
3021:
A Residence of Twenty-One Years in the Sandwich Islands
3748:"Letters from Polynesia: Funeral of Kamehameha III".
3205:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 78.
832:
In 1851, Scottish-Australian entrepreneur and sailor
3423:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 4.
547:, against the wishes of Kīnaʻu. Kalama's father was
461:, and a young Hawaiian-Tahitian former priest named
297:
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251:
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119:
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71:
63:
49:
32:
3855:Kamehameha III: He Moʻolelo No Ka Moʻi Lokomaikaʻi
3789:
2982:Sinclair, Marjorie (1969). "Princess Nahienaena".
3577:Hawaiian Kingdom 1854–1874, twenty critical years
3788:Kam, Ralph Thomas; Duarte-Smith, Ashlie (2018).
3478:"Land Titles, Quiet – Board of Commissioners to"
2206:. David W. Forbes. Honolulu, Hawaii: Hui Hānai.
856:. Boyd was killed in Guadalcanal shortly after.
844:of a Pacific empire ranging from Hawaii and the
4125:Converts to Christianity from Hawaiian religion
3802:. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 1–25.
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
322:from 1825 to 1854. His full Hawaiian name was
4120:Converts to Protestantism from pagan religions
3622:. Harper & Brothers, Publishers. pp.
897:received instructions from Secretary of State
27:King of the Hawaiian Islands from 1825 to 1854
3969:
3420:Colonizing Hawai'i: The Cultural Power of Law
3202:Colonizing Hawai'i: The Cultural Power of Law
2860:
1074:
8:
3527:
3525:
3351:. Vol. XXI, no. 3. November 2000.
3263:"Kamehameha III - Hawaii History - Monarchs"
935:In 1865, Kamehameha III was reburied in the
893:objected to the plan. New U.S. Commissioner
324:Keaweaweʻula Kīwalaʻō Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa
4100:Burials at the Royal Mausoleum (Mauna ʻAla)
3385:. Vol. 1. University of Hawaii Press.
3371:
3369:
3234:"Kamehameha III -Hawaii History - Monarchs"
2241:. Honolulu, Hawaii: Queen Emma Foundation.
400:archipelago. He was the second son of King
3976:
3962:
3954:
3915:
3637:Native Hawaiians Study Commission (1983).
3044:
3042:
2911:Ralph Thomas Kam and Ashlie Duarte-Smith:
2285:
2276:
1081:
1067:
1059:
752:became a judge for foreign cases in 1845.
38:
29:
3815:
3534:Papers of the Hawaiian Historical Society
3299:. Hawaiian Historical Society, Honolulu.
2999:
991:and Kaleiopapa Street from the south at
3449:
3447:
919:
559:who both died while infants. He and his
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333:Under his reign, Hawaii evolved from an
2962:Honoring King Kamehameha III in Keauhou
2807:
2192:
594:In 1839, under a French threat of war,
4115:Chief justices of the Hawaiian Kingdom
2902:Green Arrow Press, San Francisco, 2015
2645:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2405:
2294:
2290:
2200:Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii (2013).
453:(Queen Regent) who was his stepmother
248:
44:Photograph of Kamehameha III, c. 1853.
2921:https://doi.org/10.1353/hjh.2018.0000
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566:, a daughter of his father's advisor
509:Kamehameha III and Queen Kalama with
7:
3857:. San Francisco: Green Arrow Press.
3711:Yang, Gordon Y. K. (July 28, 2018).
3324:National Register of Historic Places
2879:National Register of Historic Places
3899:"Traditional chant for Kauikeaouli"
2941:. Hawaii Historical Society: 3–23.
1034:His successor described his reign:
707:legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom
3719:. Honolulu: Oahu Publications, Inc
3655:University of California, Berkeley
3485:state archives digital collections
3318:Dorothy Riconda (April 25, 1972).
2972:Hawaii 24/7. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
670:In February 1843, British Captain
650:United States Exploring Expedition
627:United States Exploring Expedition
25:
3515:The last cruise of "The Wanderer"
3487:. state of Hawaii. Archived from
3355:from the original on May 15, 2011
2959:Stanton, Karin (March 17, 2011).
2821:Journal of the Polynesian Society
682:Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono
4105:Monarchs of the Hawaiian Islands
3903:Hawaiian Music and Hula Archives
3756:American Seamen's Friend Society
3100:. Government Press. p. 10.
2781:
301:
67:June 6, 1825 – December 15, 1854
4070:Royalty of the Hawaiian Kingdom
3853:Klieger, P. Christiaan (2015).
3796:The Hawaiian Journal of History
3679:from the original on 2016-10-10
3643:U.S. Department of the Interior
3598:from the original on 2014-12-13
3536:. Hawaiian Historical Society.
3518:. Sydney : F. Cunninghame.
3399:from the original on 2014-09-25
3320:"Thomas Square nomination form"
3273:from the original on 2017-07-31
3244:from the original on 2017-07-31
3174:from the original on 2016-04-27
3146:from the original on 2016-01-02
3104:from the original on 2016-05-06
3076:from the original on 2006-05-23
3028:from the original on 2016-05-13
2843:from the original on 2012-03-29
545:Kalama Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili
481:Kamehameha III at the age of 18
416:starting in 1819. He was named
3897:Kaiulani Kanoa-Martin (2007).
3885:. 1842 – via HathiTrust.
3744:. University of Hawai'i Press.
3125:Moku'ula: Maui's sacred island
3122:P. Christiaan Klieger (1998).
3058:(Revised ed.). Honolulu:
3024:. H. D. Goodwin. p. 428.
737:was Minister of the Interior.
404:and his highest ranking wife,
1:
2725:Kalola Pupuka-o-Honokawailani
2666:Keōua Kalanikupuapaikalaninui
2603:Kalola Pupuka-o-Honokawailani
2482:11. Kekelakekeokalani-a-Keawe
2331:Keōua Kalanikupuapaikalaninui
1052:'s plans to revamp the park.
557:Prince Keaweaweʻulaokalani II
535:It was proposed in 1832 that
341:with the signing of both the
330:when he ascended the throne.
4085:Hawaiian Kingdom Protestants
3763:Cachola, Jean Iwata (1995).
3326:. U.S. National Park Service
2919:52, Nr. 1 (2018), pp. 1–25.
2881:. U.S. National Park Service
2235:Kanahele, George S. (1999).
586:convinced former missionary
553:Prince Keaweaweʻulaokalani I
420:(placed in the dark clouds)
396:, the largest island of the
51:King of the Hawaiian Islands
3766:Kamehameha III: Kauikeaouli
3456:Hawaiian Journal of History
3417:Merry, Sally Engle (2000).
3293:Hawaiian Journal of History
3199:Merry, Sally Engle (2000).
2992:Hawaiian Historical Society
2984:Hawaiian Journal of History
2935:Hawaiian Journal of History
2917:Hawaiian Journal of History
2280:Ancestors of Kamehameha III
778:French invasion of Honolulu
705:Through the 1840s a formal
539:, the daughter of Governor
4141:
3582:University of Hawaii Press
2639:
2522:
2399:
2292:
889:and French representative
663:
189:Mauna ʻAla Royal Mausoleum
4110:Hawaiian adoptees (hānai)
3999:
3942:
3933:
3925:
3918:
3758:. 1855. pp. 249–251.
2710:
2702:
2674:
2651:
2647:
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2124:
2122:
2120:
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2100:
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2068:
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2054:
2039:
1990:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1955:
1953:
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1927:
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1911:
1889:
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1109:
1107:
1105:
937:Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii
924:Funeral of Kamehameha III
782:Prince Alexander Liholiho
256:
247:
37:
3740:Corley, J. Susan. 2022.
3717:Honolulu Star-Advertiser
3572:Ralph Simpson Kuykendall
3377:Ralph Simpson Kuykendall
2873:Gary T. Cummins (1973).
2165:John William Pitt Kīnaʻu
829:as Minister of Finance.
388:Kauikeaouli was born at
351:longest reigning monarch
3641:(Report). Vol. 1.
3164:Rose, Roger G. (1978).
3094:Kamehameha III (1861).
3055:Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii
2898:P. Christiaan Klieger,
339:constitutional monarchy
326:and then lengthened to
3512:Webster, John (1858).
1843:Keaweaweʻulaokalani II
1089:Kamehameha family tree
1041:
1011:19.55861°N 155.96139°W
971:19.56861°N 155.96139°W
925:
878:
731:Robert Crichton Wyllie
656:
513:
502:
482:
428:. He was promised to
385:
383:Honolulu Museum of Art
216:Keaweaweʻulaokalani II
3808:10.1353/hjh.2018.0000
3619:Sandwich island notes
3557:The Missionary Herald
3267:www.hawaiihistory.org
3238:www.hawaiihistory.org
1834:Keaweaweʻulaokalani I
1413:Kalākua Kaheiheimālie
1036:
939:known as Mauna ʻAla.
923:
877:
643:
608:indigenous traditions
598:was legalized in the
508:
500:
493:Marriage and children
480:
376:
212:Keaweaweʻulaokalani I
3701:on January 13, 1855.
1016:19.55861; -155.96139
976:19.56861; -155.96139
810:California Gold Rush
793:Constitution of 1852
697:— Independence Day.
621:. In September 1840
604:Constitution of 1840
4090:Protestant monarchs
4075:House of Kamehameha
3132:Press. p. 53.
2693:Kekuʻiapoiwa Liliha
1993:Alexander Liholiho
1006: /
982:Kamehameha III Road
966: /
838:King Kamehameha III
652:of 1838–1842 under
646:Alfred Thomas Agate
600:Edict of Toleration
18:King Kamehameha III
3771:Kamehameha Schools
3060:Kamehameha Schools
2968:2017-05-27 at the
2861:Naval Journal 1855
2829:Polynesian Society
2171:Keolaokalani Davis
1268:Kekuiapoiwa Liliha
926:
891:Louis Emile Perrin
879:
754:William Little Lee
672:Lord George Paulet
657:
541:John Adams Kuakini
514:
503:
483:
386:
4047:
4046:
3952:
3951:
3943:Succeeded by
3864:978-0-97118-161-8
3591:978-0-87022-432-4
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2269:
2268:
2213:978-0-9887278-2-3
2181:
2180:
2138:Albert Kamehameha
2027:Ruth Keʻelikōlani
2016:Victoria Kamāmalu
1845:
1836:
1022:Kaleiopapa Street
909:Death and funeral
827:Elisha Hunt Allen
761:Quiet Land Titles
701:Government reform
596:Roman Catholicism
347:1852 Constitution
343:1840 Constitution
335:absolute monarchy
320:Kingdom of Hawaii
309:
308:
261:
260:
243:
236:
229:
222:
154:December 15, 1854
16:(Redirected from
4132:
3993:
3992:Hawaiian Kingdom
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3964:
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3926:Preceded by
3920:Hawaiian royalty
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3793:
3784:
3759:
3754:. Vol. 27.
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3673:Ka Nupepa Kuokoa
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2789:Biography portal
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1576:Pauli Kaʻōleiokū
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949:Hawaii Belt Road
899:William L. Marcy
818:native Hawaiians
759:A commission to
742:Richard Charlton
727:Attorney General
588:William Richards
572:Albert Kūnuiākea
511:Albert Kūnuiākea
465:, Kauikeaouli's
406:Queen Keōpūolani
398:Hawaiian Islands
359:Queen Kaʻahumanu
305:
249:
241:
234:
227:
225:Albert Kūnuiākea
220:
185:January 10, 1855
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3936:King of Hawaiʻi
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3747:
3737:
3735:Further reading
3732:
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3580:. Vol. 2.
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3070:
3050:Kamakau, Samuel
3048:
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3040:
3031:
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3016:Hiram Bingham I
3014:
3013:
3009:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2970:Wayback Machine
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2452:Kekuʻiapoiwa II
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1129:Kekuʻiapoiwa II
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4095:Child monarchs
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4080:House of Līloa
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4014:Kamehameha III
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3891:External links
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3560:. Board. 1852.
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3349:The Polynesian
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2900:Kamehameha III
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2863:, p. 249.
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1672:Kamehameha III
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944:
941:
910:
907:
895:David L. Gregg
887:William Miller
865:Samuel Brannan
805:
802:
798:John Papa ʻĪʻī
774:Louis Tromelin
750:Lorrin Andrews
746:Ladd & Co.
715:House of Lords
702:
699:
688:Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea
677:Richard Thomas
664:Main article:
661:
658:
654:Charles Wilkes
631:Gerrit P. Judd
623:Charles Wilkes
579:
576:
518:ancient Hawaii
494:
491:
474:
471:
394:Hawaiʻi island
379:Robert Dampier
370:
367:
349:. He was the
312:Kamehameha III
307:
306:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
279:
275:
274:
269:
263:
262:
259:
258:
254:
253:
245:
244:
228:(illegitimate)
221:(illegitimate)
209:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
176:
172:
171:
158:(aged 40)
152:
148:
147:
144:Hawaiʻi island
132:March 17, 1814
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
106:Kaʻahumanu III
95:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
53:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
33:Kamehameha III
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4137:
4126:
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4040:
4039:Liliʻuokalani
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4019:Kamehameha IV
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4009:Kamehameha II
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3979:
3974:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3947:
3946:Kamehameha IV
3938:
3937:
3930:
3929:Kamehameha II
3924:
3921:
3917:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3894:
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3782:
3780:0-87336-033-8
3776:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3751:Naval Journal
3746:
3743:
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3714:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3656:
3645:. p. 559
3644:
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3517:
3516:
3508:
3505:
3494:on 2012-03-06
3490:
3486:
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3444:
3432:
3430:9780691009322
3426:
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3410:
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3392:0-87022-431-X
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3212:9780691009322
3208:
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3173:
3169:
3168:
3160:
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3145:
3141:
3139:1-58178-002-8
3135:
3131:
3130:Bishop Museum
3127:
3126:
3118:
3115:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3090:
3087:
3075:
3071:
3069:0-87336-014-1
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2248:0-8248-2234-X
2244:
2240:
2239:
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2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2196:
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2166:
2139:
2129:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2106:
2098:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2017:
2008:
2004:Lot Kapuāiwa
1997:
1996:Kamehameha IV
1988:
1982:
1979:
1971:
1969:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1925:
1909:
1907:
1894:
1892:
1844:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1763:
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1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1695:Kaʻahumanu II
1693:
1682:
1673:
1665:
1663:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1577:
1555:
1546:
1545:Kamehameha II
1528:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1421:
1414:
1403:
1394:
1382:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1353:
1345:
1343:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1174:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1130:
1122:
1114:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1050:Kirk Caldwell
1046:
1045:Thomas Square
1040:
1035:
1032:
1028:
988:
950:
942:
940:
938:
933:
931:
930:Kamehameha IV
922:
918:
916:
908:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
876:
872:
868:
866:
862:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:Benjamin Boyd
830:
828:
823:
819:
815:
811:
803:
801:
799:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:Privy Council
716:
712:
708:
700:
698:
696:
695:
690:
689:
684:
683:
678:
673:
667:
666:Paulet affair
660:Paulet affair
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
589:
585:
577:
575:
573:
569:
565:
564:Jane Lahilahi
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
512:
507:
499:
492:
490:
488:
479:
472:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:
445:
443:
442:Kaʻōnohiokalā
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:Kamehameha II
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
384:
380:
375:
368:
366:
364:
363:Kaʻahumanu II
361:and later by
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
304:
300:
296:
293:
290:
286:
283:
280:
276:
273:
270:
268:
264:
255:
250:
246:
240:
239:Kaʻiminaʻauao
233:
232:Kamehameha IV
226:
217:
213:
210:
208:
204:
201:
198:
194:
190:
177:
173:
170:
166:
162:
153:
149:
145:
140:
136:
122:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
102:Kaʻahumanu II
99:
96:
94:
90:
87:
86:Kamehameha IV
84:
80:
77:
76:Kamehameha II
74:
70:
66:
62:
57:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
4024:Kamehameha V
4013:
4004:Kamehameha I
3934:
3906:. Retrieved
3902:
3881:
3854:
3846:Project MUSE
3844:– via
3799:
3795:
3765:
3750:
3741:
3721:. Retrieved
3716:
3706:
3698:
3693:
3681:. Retrieved
3672:
3663:
3653:– via
3649:February 13,
3647:. Retrieved
3632:
3618:
3611:
3600:. Retrieved
3576:
3566:
3556:
3550:
3533:
3514:
3507:
3496:. Retrieved
3489:the original
3484:
3472:
3455:
3436:30 September
3434:. Retrieved
3419:
3412:
3401:. Retrieved
3381:
3357:. Retrieved
3348:
3339:
3328:. Retrieved
3323:
3313:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3275:. Retrieved
3266:
3257:
3246:. Retrieved
3237:
3228:
3218:30 September
3216:. Retrieved
3201:
3176:. Retrieved
3166:
3159:
3148:. Retrieved
3128:. Honolulu:
3124:
3117:
3106:. Retrieved
3096:
3089:
3078:. Retrieved
3054:
3030:. Retrieved
3020:
3010:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2961:
2955:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2899:
2894:
2883:. Retrieved
2878:
2868:
2856:
2845:. Retrieved
2824:
2820:
2810:
2545:Kalaniʻōpuʻu
2506:
2426:Haʻae-a-Mahi
2390:Kamehameha I
2364:Kamakaʻimoku
2237:
2230:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2034:Charles Reed
2007:Kamehameha V
1671:
1669:Kauikeaouli
1405:(The Great)
1402:Kamehameha I
1101:Kalaniʻōpuʻu
1042:
1037:
1033:
946:
934:
927:
912:
880:
869:
858:
837:
831:
807:
790:
786:Kamehameha V
765:Great Mahele
758:
739:
704:
692:
686:
680:
669:
644:Portrait by
612:
593:
581:
534:
526:Nāhiʻenaʻena
515:
487:Captain Cook
484:
448:
446:
441:
437:
421:
417:
409:
402:Kamehameha I
387:
377:Painting by
332:
327:
323:
315:
311:
310:
282:Kamehameha I
156:(1854-12-15)
98:Kaʻahumanu I
4065:1854 deaths
4060:1814 births
3817:10524/63168
2831:: 273–304.
2021:(1855–1863)
2010:(1863–1872)
1999:(1854–1863)
1717:Laura Kōnia
1675:(1825–1854)
1586:Kahailiopua
1570:Keouawahine
1548:(1819–1824)
1423:(1819–1832)
1407:(died 1819)
1143:Kānekapōlei
1056:Family tree
1014: /
1001:155°57′41″W
974: /
961:155°57′41″W
883:Crimean War
861:filibusters
804:Later years
723:John Ricord
694:Lā Kūʻokoʻa
418:Kauikeaouli
390:Keauhou Bay
316:Kauikeaouli
161:Hoihoikeʻea
135:Keauhou Bay
123:Kauikeaouli
72:Predecessor
4054:Categories
3940:1825–1854
3908:2010-03-01
3699:Polynesian
3683:October 7,
3602:2010-03-20
3498:2010-03-20
3403:2010-03-20
3359:2010-03-01
3330:2010-02-21
3277:2017-07-31
3248:2017-07-31
3178:2015-11-22
3150:2015-11-22
3108:2015-11-22
3080:2010-03-20
3032:2015-11-22
2885:2010-03-01
2847:2011-09-18
2803:References
2630:Keōpūolani
1987:Queen Emma
1724:Abner Pākī
1703:Kekūanaōʻa
1420:Kaʻahumanu
1393:Keōpūolani
1020: (
998:19°33′31″N
980: (
840:to become
836:convinced
769:fee simple
578:Government
568:John Young
549:Naihekukui
455:Kaʻahumanu
450:kuhina nui
369:Early life
292:Keōpūolani
272:Kamehameha
181:1855-01-10
128:1814-03-17
93:Kuhina Nui
3873:945797248
3842:188003409
3826:2169-7639
3723:August 5,
3542:10524/962
3464:10524/197
3379:(1965) .
3305:10524/359
3052:(1992) .
3001:10524/247
2947:10524/371
2222:869268731
1542:Liholiho
958:19°34′7″N
846:Marquesas
814:Cape Horn
735:Keoni Ana
648:from the
635:Mauna Loa
298:Signature
219:Kīwalaʻō
137:at North
110:Keoni Ana
82:Successor
4034:Kalākaua
4029:Lunalilo
3986:Monarchs
3834:60626541
3677:Archived
3596:Archived
3574:(1953).
3397:Archived
3353:Archived
3271:Archived
3242:Archived
3172:Archived
3144:Archived
3102:Archived
3074:Archived
3026:Archived
3018:(1855).
2994:: 3–30.
2966:Archived
2841:Archived
2837:20706518
2775:See also
2571:Kīwalaʻō
2272:Ancestry
2257:40890919
1554:Kamāmalu
1261:Kīwalaʻō
822:smallpox
772:Admiral
619:Honolulu
561:mistress
537:Kamanele
522:Kamāmalu
434:adoption
426:Kīwalaʻō
381:, 1825,
165:Honolulu
3989:of the
3773:Press.
3062:Press.
1588:Luahine
711:cabinet
615:Lahaina
584:Hoapili
430:Kuakini
355:regency
242:(hānai)
235:(hānai)
56:more...
3871:
3861:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3777:
3588:
3427:
3389:
3209:
3136:
3066:
2915:. In:
2835:
2727:(= 13)
2605:(= 15)
2333:(= 14)
2255:
2245:
2220:
2210:
2188:Notes:
2045:Bishop
2036:Bishop
1710:Pauahi
1701:Mataio
1681:Kalama
1113:Kalola
943:Legacy
915:stroke
903:Senate
842:regent
776:led a
530:incest
467:aikāne
314:(born
288:Mother
278:Father
200:Kalama
196:Spouse
175:Burial
3838:S2CID
3626:–459.
3492:(PDF)
3481:(PDF)
2833:JSTOR
2827:(3).
2668:(= 4)
1121:Keōua
951:, at
854:Tonga
850:Samoa
473:Reign
463:Kaomi
438:kaula
392:, on
337:to a
267:House
252:Names
207:Issue
169:Oʻahu
64:Reign
3869:OCLC
3859:ISBN
3830:OCLC
3822:ISSN
3775:ISBN
3725:2015
3685:2016
3651:2020
3586:ISBN
3438:2020
3425:ISBN
3387:ISBN
3220:2020
3207:ISBN
3134:ISBN
3064:ISBN
2723:15.
2664:14.
2601:13.
2543:12.
2424:10.
2253:OCLC
2243:ISBN
2218:OCLC
2208:ISBN
852:and
808:The
791:The
784:and
744:and
725:was
709:and
555:and
459:Boki
410:kapu
151:Died
139:Kona
120:Born
3812:hdl
3804:doi
3624:425
3538:hdl
3460:hdl
3301:hdl
2996:hdl
2943:hdl
2825:102
2691:7.
2628:3.
2569:6.
2505:1.
2450:5.
2388:2.
2362:9.
2329:4.
2303:8.
1145:(w)
1131:(w)
1123:(k)
1115:(w)
1103:(k)
848:to
617:to
516:In
432:in
357:by
4056::
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3867:.
3836:.
3828:.
3820:.
3810:.
3800:52
3798:.
3794:.
3769:.
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3594:.
3584:.
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3446:^
3395:.
3368:^
3347:.
3322:.
3297:25
3295:.
3269:.
3265:.
3240:.
3236:.
3187:^
3142:.
3072:.
3041:^
2990:.
2986:.
2937:.
2877:.
2839:.
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2251:.
2216:.
1031:.
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729:,
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167:,
163:,
141:,
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3963:v
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