150:
513:, nor was he the first to negotiate with colonial officials...On the other hand, however, Nopkehe was particularly well suited by background and temperament to fulfill the simultaneous demands of old and young, settlers and distant officials. By birth and upbringing he fit a traditional mold; through experience he had learned at once the futility of challenging colonial society openly and the means of manipulating that society covertly...At a critical time in the life of the Nation Hagler was instrumental in maintaining intercultural peace and internal unity, charting a course through the troubled waters of
439:' campaign against the French, brought smallpox to South Carolina. By 1759, the Catawba nation had been severely reduced, so that no more than a thousand Catawbas survived. European settlers began encroaching on the Catawbas' traditional lands, now sparsely populated, leading Hagler to negotiate the Pine Tree Hill Treaty in 1760, with Edmond Atkin, Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Southern District at
219:, which the Catawba translate as "Chief"; "King" is the English translation and conception, though many Catawba adopted this nomenclature for ease of communication with the settlers. Hagler is also known by several other names and other spellings, such as King Haigler, Haiglar, Nopkehe, Arataswa and Oroloswa. Hagler's anglicized name is possibly a nickname derived from his tendency to
346:
Crimes that is offensive to You and us and all thro' the Effect of that Drink. It is also very bad for our people, for it Rots their guts and Causes our men to get very sick and many of our people has Lately Died by the
Effects of that strong Drink, and I heartily wish You would do something to prevent Your People from Daring to Sell or give them any of that Strong Drink.
419:, Catawba warriors joined British regulars and South Carolina provincials in fighting against the Cherokees, who were eventually forced into a peace accord. Lyttelton then commissioned surveyor and Indian trader Samuel Wyly (also spelled Wylie) to build the new Catawba fort. In 1761, Wyly and his crew erected a wooden stockade near present-day
488:
Hagler was succeeded in
November by a man whom colonial authorities referred to as "Colonel Ayers," "Captain Jacob Ayers," or "Captain Aires," and who may have been Hixa-Uraw. He was "elected" by a vote at a special congress in Augusta, Georgia in November, 1763, but later "fell out of favor with the
401:
and a company of 50 Provincial soldiers to build the fort. The project was interrupted several times due to the interference of
Governors Bull and Lyttelton of South Carolina. The North Carolina fort project was abandoned in August, 1757, after the Catawba requested South Carolina build them the fort
414:
The
Catawba were angry that Governor Dobbs had continued to approve land grants to white settlers on land that the Catawba had considered to be their traditional homeland. Surveyors had been running surveys through Catawba communities and desecrating burial grounds. In April 1759, King Hagler and a
454:
Mortality from smallpox, influenza and other infections continued to reduce the
Catawba population. On July 5, 1762, Governor Arthur Dobbs wrote: "Their number of Warriors have been reduced in a few years, by Haglar's Confession, from 300 to 50 and all their males do not exceed 100, old and young
345:
Brothers, here is One thing You
Yourselves are to Blame very much in: That is, You Rot Your grain in Tubs, out of which you take and make Strong Spirits. You sell it to our young men and give it them; many times they get very Drunk with it. This is the Very Cause that they oftentimes Commit those
370:
In response to Hagler's complaints, regulations adopted at the
Augusta Conference of 1767 attempted to limit the amount of alcohol brought into Native American communities: "Any Trader who by himself, substitute, or servant, shall carry more than fifteen Gallons of Rum, at any one time, into any
271:
warriors in
October 1750. In keeping with Catawba tradition, the new chief (Hagler) was the former chief's sister's son. Immediately after Yalangway's death, Hagler was elected by the Catawba General Council to the lead the tribe. Tribal politics were in chaos at the time, as fifteen of the most
358:
I desire a stop may be put to the selling of strong
Liquors by the White people to my people especially near the Indian Nation. If the White people make strong drink, let them sell it to one another or drink it in their own Families. This will avoid a great deal of mischief which otherwise will
489:
South
Carolina government." On 29 January, 1765, a meeting of Catawbas under the supervision of Samuel Wyly elected Captain Frow to replace Ayers. On 31 May, 1768, Frow claimed to have hunted down and killed six of the Shawnee warriors who killed King Haglar and presented their scalps to
367:. In 1754 Hagler supported the execution of a Catawba warrior who, while drunk, had murdered a young girl. The execution was carried out by the perpetrator's cousin in the presence of colonial witnesses, "the White people, in Order to shew our Willingness to punish such offenders."
471:
community in the Piedmont region of North and South Carolina, when he was ambushed and killed by a band of seven Shawnees. He was reportedly shot six times. His death was reported by the Presbyterian missionary William Richardson (1729-1771), (uncle of North Carolina governor
415:
delegation of Catawba Indians traveled to Charleston to ask Governor Lyttleton to construct a fort. Governor Lyttelton appropriated funds for the construction, as he was anxious to maintain the Catawba as allies against the Cherokees. In early 1761, during the
200:." He was the first Native American to be inducted into the South Carolina Hall of Fame. He is known for opposing the sale of alcohol to Catawbas and other Native Americans, and encouraged the Catawba people to abstain from alcohol. He worked to negotiate fair
392:
supply gifts and ammunition and construct a fort to protect the Catawba while their warriors were away fighting for the British. Dobbs reluctantly agreed, and a site was selected. He purchase 640 acres from the Catawba just west of modern day
479:
The motive for the murder was never clearly determined. Hagler was interred with his most valuable possessions, but the grave site was desecrated by white settlers soon after his burial. His body was later moved to a secret location.
276:
in the fall of 1749 and had all died of infectious diseases acquired from European settlers. In spite of the danger, Hagler traveled to Charleston in late 1750 to receive a military commission as Chief of the Catawbas from Governor
476:), who wrote in a letter to Richard Richardson: "Yesterday the enemy killed King Hagler almost in the midst of our settlement, which caused such Terror that there was nothing but running and flying wherever safety could be had."
826:
Mary Elizabeth Fitts, "Defending and Provisioning the Catawba Nation: An Archeology of the Mid-Eighteenth Century Communities at Nation Ford." Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
239:. Little is known of Hagler's early life. He may have attended a European school in Virginia, because in April 1717 King Whitmannetaughehee agreed to send eleven Catawba boys to be educated for one year at
531:
depicting "King Haigler" with a bow and arrow was created by J. B. Mathieu in 1826 and placed on the opera house tower in Camden, South Carolina. It can be seen today on the city hall tower in Camden.
514:
501:
James H. Merrell characterizes Hagler as a shrewd negotiator who struck a balance between preserving Catawba tradition and adapting to the pressures of the growing colonial population:
451:, in exchange for 55,000 square miles that the Catawba considered to be their traditional home, occupying part of North Carolina and much of South Carolina and extending into Virginia.
1261:
1291:
1286:
825:
1301:
1296:
363:
Hagler also attempted to discipline Catawbas who committed crimes while intoxicated, contrary to the traditional Catawba custom of pardoning such behavior as a form of
545:
In October, 2012 a statue by Maria J. Kirby-Smith depicting King Hagler meeting Colonel Joseph Kershaw (1727-1791) was unveiled on Market Street in downtown Camden.
1276:
1256:
681:
1271:
149:
1147:
435:
epidemics ravaged Native American communities along the east coast of North America. In the fall of 1758, twenty-five Catawba warriors returning from
1266:
921:"Report by Peter Henley concerning his conference with King Hagler and the Catawba Nation," Native Heritage Project, posted on September 6, 2012
1281:
1246:
407:
741:
341:. On August 29, 1754, in a speech in Catawba to James Carter and Alexander Osborne, Commissioners of the State of North Carolina, he stated:
208:
201:
597:
338:
505:
On the one hand, operated within a dual colonial and Catawba framework he had not constructed and could not escape. He was not the first
760:
436:
162:
920:
251:. Hagler may have been one of these boys, which would account for his fluency in English, much commented-on in contemporary records.
388:(1754-1763), and he pledged to contribute the services of forty warriors. In return, Hagler requested that North Carolina Governor
1092:
1205:
958:
848:
801:
718:
564:
535:
423:. However, as hostilities with the Cherokees had ended, neither the Catawba nor provincial troops ever garrisoned the fort.
1148:
King Hagler, Joseph Kershaw statuary to be unveiled at Town Green: Camden native honors fathers legacy through gift to city
354:
to discuss the provisions of a recent treaty. Hagler took another opportunity to decry the sale of alcohol to the Catawba:
582:
211:, the Catawba do not use European titles of royalty among themselves. Merrell gives Hagler's title among the Catawba as
137:
115:
552:
created a statue depicting King Hagler meeting Thomas Spratt, one of the first European settlers in what is today
153:
1775 map showing Native American lands in North and South Carolina, and part of Georgia. Tribes shown include the
592:
587:
553:
394:
351:
560:
473:
420:
946:"Regulations for the Better Carrying on the Trade with the Indian Tribes in the Southern District." Quoted in
660:
1251:
490:
294:
1103:
842:
Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, University of North Carolina Press Books, 2012.
444:
440:
398:
197:
339:
Native American leaders to publicly oppose the sale and distribution of alcohol in Indigenous communities
1236:
385:
264:
64:
325:, who were not members of the Six Nations federation. The Catawba were invited to incorporate with the
1162:
1125:
840:
The Indians’ New World: Catawbas and Their Neighbors from European Contact through the Era of Removal,
1241:
310:
94:
1188:
984:
Dobbs, Arthur, "Letter from Arthur Dobbs to the Board of Trade of Great Britain, August 30, 1757,"
231:
Hagler was probably born around 1700 in the region traditionally occupied by the Catawba along the
416:
223:
or "haggle" over political decisions, although there is no conclusive evidence to support this.
972:
1189:
Joe DePriest, "Charlotte’s Trail of History adds statues of a settler and a chief on Friday,"
1177:
1114:
954:
844:
797:
737:
714:
314:
983:
877:
764:
1050:
World of toil and strife: community transformation in backcountry South Carolina, 1750-1805.
539:
364:
322:
298:
158:
384:
In May 1756 Hagler was asked to provide Catawba warriors to support the British during the
240:
189:
98:
973:
Michael C. Scoggins, "The Old Catawba Forts," Culture & Heritage Museums, August 2005
614:
577:
534:
A portrait of King Hagler hangs in the South Carolina Hall of Fame, located inside the
273:
236:
761:"James H. Williams, "King Hagler, Catawba Chieftain," The Charlotte Museum of History"
1230:
510:
468:
448:
306:
232:
645:
James H. Merrell, "Minding the Business of the Nation": Hagler as Catawba Leader,"
528:
389:
318:
193:
1063:
Hudson, Charles M.. The Catawba Nation. Greece: University of Georgia Press, 2007.
793:
Eminent Charlotteans: Twelve Historical Profiles from North Carolina's Queen City,
1077:
1062:
1047:
1032:
1013:
998:
947:
931:
837:
790:
731:
707:
248:
936:
Volume 05, p. 142. E. M. Uzzell, state printer, Raleigh, North Carolina, 1887.
609:
549:
302:
289:
One of Hagler's first tasks was to negotiate a peace treaty with the Iroquois
278:
220:
892:
443:(then known as Pine Tree Hill). This guaranteed the Catawba a territory near
1136:
999:
Walter Clark, William Laurence Saunders, Stephen Beauregard Weeks, editors.
862:
517:, dependence, and despair on which so many other Indian nations foundered.
410:
to stop building the Fort; they will not have it built by us but by them."
432:
359:
happen from my people getting drunk and quarreling with the White people.
350:
On 26 May 1756, he met with North Carolina Chief Justice Peter Henley in
326:
290:
268:
244:
166:
154:
950:
Deerskins and Duffels: Creek Indian Trade with Anglo-America, 1685-1815.
878:"Treaty between North Carolina and King Hagler and the Catawba Indians."
464:
897:
edited by William S. Powell, University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
867:
edited by William S. Powell. University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
644:
1003:
Volume 06, Trustees of the Public Libraries. P.M. Hale, 1888; p. 787
126:
297:
and a delegation of Catawba leaders, attended a peace conference in
1137:
Camden, South Carolina: Statues of King Hagler and General Kershaw
148:
192:
Native American tribe from 1754 to 1763. Hagler is known as the "
455:
included, so they are now scarce a nation but a small village."
649:
Vol. 33, No. 1 Winter, 1986, Duke University Press; pp. 55-70.
615:
Trail of History - Thomas Spratt and King Hagler, Dec 17, 2014
247:
sent to guarantee the Catawba's promise to withdraw from the
406:" we had wrought 3 or 4 months upon the Fort, sent down to
313:. In 1752 an Iroquois delegation visited the Catawba and an
883:
Volume 05, p. 144a. August 29, 1754 (retrieved 3 July 2019)
293:. In June 1751 Hagler, accompanied by Lieutenant Governor
863:
Jerry C. Cashion, "Hagler (Arataswa or Oroloswa)" in the
371:
nation of Indians...shall forfeit his bond and license."
663:. Buckley School of Public Speaking. September 25, 2017
272:
prominent Catawba leaders had attended a conference in
682:"Colonial Catawba leader inducted into hall of fame,"
952:
Indians of the Southeast, U. of Nebraska Press, 1996.
161:
in northeastern North Carolina, the Catawba south of
708:
Thomas J. Blumer, Robert P. Smith, E. Fred Sanders.
337:
Hagler became well known for being one of the first
281:, a form of colonial recognition of tribal leaders.
1052:
Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2007.
132:
122:
104:
79:
74:
58:
34:
23:
816:Columbia, University of South Carolina Press, 1966
1078:Kirkland, Thomas J.., Kennedy, Robert MacMillan.
1033:Kirkland, Thomas J.., Kennedy, Robert MacMillan.
934:The Colonial and State Records of North Carolina,
333:Opposition to the sale of alcohol to the Catawba
285:Peace treaties with other Native American groups
730:National Museum of the American Indian (2007).
1178:"Thomas Spratt and King Hagler" by Chas Fagan
986:Colonial and State Records of North Carolina,
881:Colonial and State Records of North Carolina,
814:The Catawba Indians: The People of the River.
8:
712:American Heritage, Arcadia Publishing, 2007.
509:to acknowledge his people's dependence upon
1163:"Thomas Spratt and King Hagler Sculpture,"
1126:Mark Adams, "King Hagler," January 11, 2016
968:
966:
447:occupying some two million acres along the
1262:Native American people from South Carolina
909:Charlotte North Carolina: A Brief History,
858:
856:
20:
1292:Native American history of South Carolina
1287:Native American history of North Carolina
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
1302:Temperance activists from South Carolina
1297:Temperance activists from North Carolina
1115:South Carolina Hall of Fame: King Hagler
1093:King Haigler and Opera House Clock Tower
786:
784:
782:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
188:(c. 1700–1763) was a chief of the
911:Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2009
865:Dictionary of North Carolina Biography,
626:
895:Dictionary of North Carolina Biography
563:is named after Hagler and the city of
463:On August 30, 1763, Hagler was in the
317:followed. The Catawba also brokered a
1153:Oct 17, 2012, Camden, South Carolina.
1014:Crockett, Nancy L.., Pettus, Louise.
755:
753:
710:Catawba Nation: Treasures in History,
204:and treaties for the Catawba people.
169:in the far western part of the state.
7:
1277:Native American temperance activists
1257:18th-century Native American leaders
1080:Historic Camden: Nineteenth century.
1035:Historic Camden: Nineteenth century.
1001:The State Records of North Carolina,
598:Native American temperance activists
431:Between 1738 and 1759, a series of
243:in Virginia. The boys were in fact
14:
1272:People murdered in South Carolina
267:, who was murdered by a group of
114:(en route to) Twelve Mile Creek,
1204:George, Dustin (July 28, 2020).
661:"King Haigler, Symbol of Camden"
1267:Murdered Native American people
1206:"Casino gets its official name"
1074:South Carolina Council Journal,
1029:South Carolina Council Journal,
402:instead. Governor Dobbs wrote:
329:but Hagler refused this offer.
565:Kings Mountain, North Carolina
536:Myrtle Beach Convention Center
375:Hagler and Catawba land rights
1:
1282:American temperance activists
1247:1763 murders in North America
733:Do All Indians Live in Tipis?
87:
583:Alcohol and Native Americans
1165:Charlotte Bronze Sculpture,
932:William Laurence Saunders,
736:. New York: HarperCollins.
548:In December, 2014 sculptor
263:(Chief) after the death of
16:Chief of the Catawba Nation
1318:
542:. He was inducted in 2009.
408:Governor William Lyttelton
893:"Henley, Peter" from the
795:McFarland, 2018; pp. 9-24
593:History of South Carolina
588:History of North Carolina
554:Charlotte, North Carolina
395:Fort Mill, South Carolina
352:Salisbury, North Carolina
143:
70:
47:
30:
1076:31 May, 1763, quoted in
561:Catawba Two Kings Casino
474:William Richardson Davie
421:Van Wyck, South Carolina
301:, where Hagler smoked a
123:Cause of death
1031:1763, p. 89, quoted in
209:Native American Nations
1151:Chronicle-Independent,
519:
445:Waxhaw, North Carolina
441:Camden, South Carolina
361:
348:
198:Camden, South Carolina
170:
138:Native American rights
1018:Regal Graphics, 1993.
767:on September 13, 2019
684:Indian Country Today,
503:
491:Governor William Bull
427:Pine Tree Hill Treaty
386:French and Indian War
356:
343:
315:exchange of prisoners
265:King Yanabe Yalangway
152:
1082:State Company, 1905.
1037:State Company, 1905.
399:Captain Hugh Waddell
311:Hendrick Theyanoguin
1191:Charlotte Observer,
948:Kathryn E. Braund,
437:General John Forbes
1104:Camden Opera House
838:James H. Merrell,
812:Douglas S. Brown,
417:Anglo-Cherokee War
171:
163:Mecklenburg County
1193:December 04, 2014
743:978-0-06-115301-3
365:temporary madness
255:Election as chief
147:
146:
118:, British America
1309:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1201:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1160:
1154:
1145:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1071:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1048:Moore, Peter N.
1045:
1039:
1026:
1020:
1011:
1005:
996:
990:
981:
975:
970:
961:
944:
938:
929:
923:
918:
912:
905:
899:
890:
884:
875:
869:
860:
851:
835:
829:
823:
817:
810:
804:
788:
777:
776:
774:
772:
763:. Archived from
757:
748:
747:
727:
721:
705:
688:
679:
673:
672:
670:
668:
657:
651:
642:
540:Myrtle Beach, SC
459:Death and burial
299:Albany, New York
111:
92:
89:
75:Personal details
65:Yanabe Yalangway
61:
52:
43:) of the Catawba
21:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1172:
1167:January 2, 2015
1161:
1157:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1087:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1046:
1042:
1027:
1023:
1012:
1008:
997:
993:
982:
978:
971:
964:
945:
941:
930:
926:
919:
915:
906:
902:
891:
887:
876:
872:
861:
854:
836:
832:
824:
820:
811:
807:
789:
780:
770:
768:
759:
758:
751:
744:
729:
728:
724:
706:
691:
680:
676:
666:
664:
659:
658:
654:
643:
628:
623:
606:
574:
524:
522:Memorialization
499:
486:
461:
429:
397:. He then sent
382:
377:
335:
287:
257:
241:Fort Christanna
235:in what is now
229:
136:Advocating for
113:
109:
108:August 30, 1763
99:British America
93:
90:
86:
85:
59:
53:
48:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1252:Catawba people
1249:
1244:
1239:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1196:
1181:
1170:
1155:
1140:
1129:
1118:
1107:
1096:
1085:
1066:
1055:
1040:
1021:
1006:
991:
976:
962:
939:
924:
913:
900:
885:
870:
852:
830:
818:
805:
791:Scott Syfert,
778:
749:
742:
722:
689:
674:
652:
625:
624:
622:
619:
618:
617:
612:
605:
604:External links
602:
601:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
578:Catawba people
573:
570:
569:
568:
557:
546:
543:
532:
523:
520:
498:
495:
485:
482:
460:
457:
428:
425:
412:
411:
381:
378:
376:
373:
334:
331:
286:
283:
259:Hagler became
256:
253:
237:North Carolina
228:
225:
176:(also spelled
145:
144:
141:
140:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
116:South Carolina
112:(aged 63)
106:
102:
101:
83:
81:
77:
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:
62:
56:
55:
45:
44:
32:
31:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1314:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1002:
995:
992:
989:
987:
980:
977:
974:
969:
967:
963:
960:
956:
953:
951:
943:
940:
937:
935:
928:
925:
922:
917:
914:
910:
904:
901:
898:
896:
889:
886:
882:
879:
874:
871:
868:
866:
859:
857:
853:
850:
846:
843:
841:
834:
831:
828:
822:
819:
815:
809:
806:
803:
799:
796:
794:
787:
785:
783:
779:
766:
762:
756:
754:
750:
745:
739:
735:
734:
726:
723:
720:
716:
713:
711:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
690:
687:
685:
678:
675:
662:
656:
653:
650:
648:
647:Ethnohistory,
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
627:
620:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
603:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
571:
566:
562:
558:
555:
551:
547:
544:
541:
537:
533:
530:
526:
525:
521:
518:
516:
512:
511:Anglo-America
508:
502:
496:
494:
492:
483:
481:
477:
475:
470:
466:
458:
456:
452:
450:
449:Catawba River
446:
442:
438:
434:
426:
424:
422:
418:
409:
405:
404:
403:
400:
396:
391:
387:
379:
374:
372:
368:
366:
360:
355:
353:
347:
342:
340:
332:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
284:
282:
280:
275:
270:
266:
262:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:Catawba River
226:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
142:
139:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
117:
107:
103:
100:
96:
82:
78:
73:
69:
66:
63:
57:
51:
46:
42:
38:
33:
29:
22:
19:
1237:1700s births
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1199:
1190:
1184:
1173:
1164:
1158:
1150:
1143:
1132:
1121:
1110:
1099:
1088:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1058:
1049:
1043:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1016:The Waxhaws.
1015:
1009:
1000:
994:
985:
979:
949:
942:
933:
927:
916:
908:
907:Mary Kratt,
903:
894:
888:
880:
873:
864:
839:
833:
821:
813:
808:
792:
769:. Retrieved
765:the original
732:
725:
709:
686:Apr 28, 2009
683:
677:
665:. Retrieved
655:
646:
529:weather vane
515:depopulation
506:
504:
500:
487:
478:
462:
453:
430:
413:
390:Arthur Dobbs
383:
380:Catawba Fort
369:
362:
357:
349:
344:
336:
319:peace treaty
295:William Bull
288:
274:Charles Town
260:
258:
230:
216:
212:
206:
194:Patron Saint
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:
110:(1763-08-30)
49:
40:
36:
18:
1242:1763 deaths
1215:January 17,
1210:Shelby Star
610:King Hagler
291:Six Nations
249:Yamasee War
207:Like other
202:land rights
174:King Hagler
91: 1700
60:Preceded by
25:King Hagler
1231:Categories
959:0803261268
849:0807838691
802:1476630615
719:1625844220
667:January 4,
621:References
550:Chas Fagan
507:Eractasswa
484:Succession
303:peace pipe
279:James Glen
261:Eractasswa
227:Early life
213:Eractasswa
165:, and the
37:Eractasswa
988:Volume 05
321:with the
305:with the
159:Tuscarora
133:Known for
54:1754–1763
50:In office
572:See also
433:smallpox
327:Cherokee
269:Iroquois
245:hostages
217:Arataswa
186:Nopkehee
167:Cherokee
155:Meherrin
95:Carolina
84:Nopkehee
41:Arataswa
771:July 3,
465:Waxhaws
323:Shawnee
309:leader
221:bargain
190:Catawba
182:Haigler
178:Haiglar
35:Chief (
957:
847:
800:
740:
717:
497:Legacy
469:Waxhaw
307:Mohawk
127:Murder
827:2015.
184:) or
1217:2023
955:ISBN
845:ISBN
798:ISBN
773:2019
738:ISBN
715:ISBN
669:2022
559:The
467:, a
180:and
157:and
105:Died
80:Born
538:in
215:or
196:of
39:or
1233::
1208:.
965:^
855:^
781:^
752:^
692:^
629:^
527:A
493:.
97:,
88:c.
1219:.
775:.
746:.
671:.
567:.
556:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
